AD586BRZ - Analog Devices - Farnell Element 14 - Revenir à l'accueil
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Farnell-NA555-NE555-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:33 1.5M
Farnell-AD9834-Rev-D..> 08-Sep-2014 07:32 1.2M
Farnell-MSP430F15x-M..> 08-Sep-2014 07:32 1.3M
Farnell-AD736-Rev-I-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:31 1.3M
Farnell-AD8307-Data-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:30 1.3M
Farnell-Single-Chip-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:30 1.5M
Farnell-Quadruple-2-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:29 1.5M
Farnell-ADE7758-Rev-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:28 1.7M
Farnell-MAX3221-Rev-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:28 1.8M
Farnell-USB-to-Seria..> 08-Sep-2014 07:27 2.0M
Farnell-AD8313-Analo..> 08-Sep-2014 07:26 2.0M
Farnell-SN54HC164-SN..> 08-Sep-2014 07:25 2.0M
Farnell-AD8310-Analo..> 08-Sep-2014 07:24 2.1M
Farnell-AD8361-Rev-D..> 08-Sep-2014 07:23 2.1M
Farnell-2N3906-Fairc..> 08-Sep-2014 07:22 2.1M
Farnell-AD584-Rev-C-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:20 2.2M
Farnell-ADE7753-Rev-..> 08-Sep-2014 07:20 2.3M
Farnell-TLV320AIC23B..> 08-Sep-2014 07:18 2.4M
Farnell-AD586BRZ-Ana..> 08-Sep-2014 07:17 1.6M
Farnell-STM32F405xxS..> 27-Aug-2014 18:27 1.8M
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Farnell-LM324-Texas-..> 29-Jul-2014 10:32 1.5M
Farnell-LM386-Low-Vo..> 29-Jul-2014 10:32 1.5M
Farnell-NE5532-Texas..> 29-Jul-2014 10:32 1.5M
Farnell-Hex-Inverter..> 29-Jul-2014 10:31 875K
Farnell-AT90USBKey-H..> 29-Jul-2014 10:31 902K
Farnell-AT89C5131-Ha..> 29-Jul-2014 10:31 1.2M
Farnell-MSP-EXP430F5..> 29-Jul-2014 10:31 1.2M
Farnell-Explorer-16-..> 29-Jul-2014 10:31 1.3M
Farnell-TMP006EVM-Us..> 29-Jul-2014 10:30 1.3M
Farnell-Gertboard-Us..> 29-Jul-2014 10:30 1.4M
Farnell-LMP91051-Use..> 29-Jul-2014 10:30 1.4M
Farnell-Thermometre-..> 29-Jul-2014 10:30 1.4M
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Farnell-fx-3650P-fx-..> 29-Jul-2014 10:29 1.5M
Farnell-2-GBPS-Diffe..> 28-Jul-2014 17:42 2.7M
Farnell-LMT88-2.4V-1..> 28-Jul-2014 17:42 2.8M
Farnell-Octal-Genera..> 28-Jul-2014 17:42 2.8M
Farnell-Dual-MOSFET-..> 28-Jul-2014 17:41 2.8M
Farnell-TLV320AIC325..> 28-Jul-2014 17:41 2.9M
Farnell-SN54LV4053A-..> 28-Jul-2014 17:20 5.9M
Farnell-TAS1020B-USB..> 28-Jul-2014 17:19 6.2M
Farnell-TPS40060-Wid..> 28-Jul-2014 17:19 6.3M
Farnell-TL082-Wide-B..> 28-Jul-2014 17:16 6.3M
Farnell-RF-short-tra..> 28-Jul-2014 17:16 6.3M
Farnell-maxim-integr..> 28-Jul-2014 17:14 6.4M
Farnell-TSV6390-TSV6..> 28-Jul-2014 17:14 6.4M
Farnell-Fast-Charge-..> 28-Jul-2014 17:12 6.4M
Farnell-NVE-datashee..> 28-Jul-2014 17:12 6.5M
Farnell-Excalibur-Hi..> 28-Jul-2014 17:10 2.4M
Farnell-Excalibur-Hi..> 28-Jul-2014 17:10 2.4M
Farnell-REF102-10V-P..> 28-Jul-2014 17:09 2.4M
Farnell-TMS320F28055..> 28-Jul-2014 17:09 2.7M
Farnell-MULTICOMP-Ra..> 22-Jul-2014 12:35 5.9M
Farnell-RASPBERRY-PI..> 22-Jul-2014 12:35 5.9M
Farnell-Dremel-Exper..> 22-Jul-2014 12:34 1.6M
Farnell-STM32F103x8-..> 22-Jul-2014 12:33 1.6M
Farnell-BD6xxx-PDF.htm 22-Jul-2014 12:33 1.6M
Farnell-L78S-STMicro..> 22-Jul-2014 12:32 1.6M
Farnell-RaspiCam-Doc..> 22-Jul-2014 12:32 1.6M
Farnell-SB520-SB5100..> 22-Jul-2014 12:32 1.6M
Farnell-iServer-Micr..> 22-Jul-2014 12:32 1.6M
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Farnell-CLASS 1-or-2..> 22-Jul-2014 12:30 4.7M
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Farnell-Evaluating-t..> 22-Jul-2014 12:28 4.9M
Farnell-LM3S6952-Mic..> 22-Jul-2014 12:27 5.9M
Farnell-Keyboard-Mou..> 22-Jul-2014 12:27 5.9M
Farnell-Full-Datashe..> 15-Jul-2014 17:08 951K
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Farnell-EE-SPX303N-4..> 15-Jul-2014 17:06 969K
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Farnell-MIDAS-un-tra..> 15-Jul-2014 17:05 1.0M
Farnell-SERIAL-TFT-M..> 15-Jul-2014 17:05 1.0M
Farnell-MCOC1-Farnel..> 15-Jul-2014 17:05 1.0M
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Farnell-DC-DC-Conver..> 15-Jul-2014 16:48 781K
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Farnell-HIP4081A-Int..> 07-Jul-2014 19:47 1.0M
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Farnell-DG411-DG412-..> 07-Jul-2014 19:47 1.0M
Farnell-3367-ARALDIT..> 07-Jul-2014 19:46 1.2M
Farnell-ICM7228-Inte..> 07-Jul-2014 19:46 1.1M
Farnell-Data-Sheet-K..> 07-Jul-2014 19:46 1.2M
Farnell-Silica-Gel-M..> 07-Jul-2014 19:46 1.2M
Farnell-TKC2-Dusters..> 07-Jul-2014 19:46 1.2M
Farnell-CRC-HANDCLEA..> 07-Jul-2014 19:46 1.2M
Farnell-760G-French-..> 07-Jul-2014 19:45 1.2M
Farnell-Decapant-KF-..> 07-Jul-2014 19:45 1.2M
Farnell-1734-ARALDIT..> 07-Jul-2014 19:45 1.2M
Farnell-Araldite-Fus..> 07-Jul-2014 19:45 1.2M
Farnell-fiche-de-don..> 07-Jul-2014 19:44 1.4M
Farnell-safety-data-..> 07-Jul-2014 19:44 1.4M
Farnell-A-4-Hardener..> 07-Jul-2014 19:44 1.4M
Farnell-CC-Debugger-..> 07-Jul-2014 19:44 1.5M
Farnell-MSP430-Hardw..> 07-Jul-2014 19:43 1.8M
Farnell-SmartRF06-Ev..> 07-Jul-2014 19:43 1.6M
Farnell-CC2531-USB-H..> 07-Jul-2014 19:43 1.8M
Farnell-Alimentation..> 07-Jul-2014 19:43 1.8M
Farnell-BK889B-PONT-..> 07-Jul-2014 19:42 1.8M
Farnell-User-Guide-M..> 07-Jul-2014 19:41 2.0M
Farnell-T672-3000-Se..> 07-Jul-2014 19:41 2.0M
Farnell-0050375063-D..> 18-Jul-2014 17:03 2.5M
Farnell-Mini-Fit-Jr-..> 18-Jul-2014 17:03 2.5M
Farnell-43031-0002-M..> 18-Jul-2014 17:03 2.5M
Farnell-0433751001-D..> 18-Jul-2014 17:02 2.5M
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Farnell-LMH6518-Texa..> 18-Jul-2014 16:59 1.3M
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Farnell-SICK-OPTIC-E..> 18-Jul-2014 16:58 1.5M
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Farnell-PIC18F2420-2..> 18-Jul-2014 16:57 2.5M
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Farnell-XPSAF5130-PD..> 18-Jul-2014 16:56 1.4M
Farnell-DP83846A-DsP..> 18-Jul-2014 16:55 1.5M
Farnell-Dremel-Exper..> 18-Jul-2014 16:55 1.6M
Farnell-MCOC1-Farnel..> 16-Jul-2014 09:04 1.0M
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Farnell-SL3S4011_402..> 16-Jul-2014 09:03 1.1M
Farnell-LPC408x-7x 3..> 16-Jul-2014 09:03 1.6M
Farnell-PCF8574-PCF8..> 16-Jul-2014 09:03 1.7M
Farnell-LPC81xM-32-b..> 16-Jul-2014 09:02 2.0M
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Farnell-Download-dat..> 16-Jul-2014 09:02 2.2M
Farnell-LPC3220-30-4..> 16-Jul-2014 09:02 2.2M
Farnell-LPC11U3x-32-..> 16-Jul-2014 09:01 2.4M
Farnell-SL3ICS1002-1..> 16-Jul-2014 09:01 2.5M
Farnell-T672-3000-Se..> 08-Jul-2014 18:59 2.0M
Farnell-tesa®pack63..> 08-Jul-2014 18:56 2.0M
Farnell-Encodeur-USB..> 08-Jul-2014 18:56 2.0M
Farnell-CC2530ZDK-Us..> 08-Jul-2014 18:55 2.1M
Farnell-2020-Manuel-..> 08-Jul-2014 18:55 2.1M
Farnell-Synchronous-..> 08-Jul-2014 18:54 2.1M
Farnell-Arithmetic-L..> 08-Jul-2014 18:54 2.1M
Farnell-NA555-NE555-..> 08-Jul-2014 18:53 2.2M
Farnell-4-Bit-Magnit..> 08-Jul-2014 18:53 2.2M
Farnell-LM555-Timer-..> 08-Jul-2014 18:53 2.2M
Farnell-L293d-Texas-..> 08-Jul-2014 18:53 2.2M
Farnell-SN54HC244-SN..> 08-Jul-2014 18:52 2.3M
Farnell-MAX232-MAX23..> 08-Jul-2014 18:52 2.3M
Farnell-High-precisi..> 08-Jul-2014 18:51 2.3M
Farnell-SMU-Instrume..> 08-Jul-2014 18:51 2.3M
Farnell-900-Series-B..> 08-Jul-2014 18:50 2.3M
Farnell-BA-Series-Oh..> 08-Jul-2014 18:50 2.3M
Farnell-UTS-Series-S..> 08-Jul-2014 18:49 2.5M
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Farnell-Tiva-C-Serie..> 08-Jul-2014 18:49 2.6M
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Farnell-74AC00-74ACT..> 06-Jul-2014 10:03 911K
Farnell-NaPiOn-Panas..> 06-Jul-2014 10:02 911K
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Farnell-EPCOS-173438..> 04-Jul-2014 10:43 3.3M
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Sefram-SP270.pdf-PDF..> 29-Mar-2014 11:46 464KHigh Precision 5 V Reference AD586 Rev. G Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. FEATURES Laser trimmed to high accuracy 5.000 V ±2.0 mV (M grade) Trimmed temperature coefficient 2 ppm/°C max, 0°C to 70°C (M grade) 5 ppm/°C max, −40°C to +85°C (B and L grades) 10 ppm/°C max, −55°C to +125°C (T grade) Low noise, 100 nV/√Hz Noise reduction capability Output trim capability MIL-STD-883-compliant versions available Industrial temperature range SOICs available Output capable of sourcing or sinking 10 mA GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD586 represents a major advance in state-of-the-art monolithic voltage references. Using a proprietary ion-implanted buried Zener diode and laser wafer trimming of high stability thin-film resistors, the AD586 provides outstanding perform-ance at low cost. The AD586 offers much higher performance than most other 5 V references. Because the AD586 uses an industry-standard pinout, many systems can be upgraded instantly with the AD586. The buried Zener approach to reference design provides lower noise and drift than band gap voltage references. The AD586 offers a noise reduction pin that can be used to further reduce the noise level generated by the buried Zener. The AD586 is recommended for use as a reference for 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, or 16-bit DACs that require an external precision reference. The device is also ideal for successive approximation or integrating ADCs with up to 14 bits of accuracy and, in general, can offer better performance than the standard on-chip references. The AD586J, AD586K, AD586L, and AD586M are specified for operation from 0°C to 70°C; the AD586A and AD586B are specified for −40°C to +85°C operation; and the AD586S and AD586T are specified for −55°C to +125°C operation. The AD586J, AD586K, AD586L, and AD586M are available in an 8-lead PDIP; the AD586J, AD586K, AD586L, AD586A, and AD586B are available in an 8-lead SOIC package; and the AD586J, AD586K, AD586L, AD586S, and AD586T are available in an 8-lead CERDIP package. A1RSRZ1RZ2RFRTRIAD586GNDVINNOISE REDUCTIONVOUTTRIMNOTES1.PINS 1, 3, AND 7 ARE INTERNAL TEST POINTS.MAKE NO CONNECTIONS TO THESE POINTS.6548200529-001 Figure 1. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS 1. Laser trimming of both initial accuracy and temperature coefficients results in very low errors over temperature without the use of external components. The AD586M has a maximum deviation from 5.000 V of ±2.45 mV between 0°C and 70°C, and the AD586T guarantees ±7.5 mV maximum total error between −55°C and +125°C. 2. For applications requiring higher precision, an optional fine-trim connection is provided. 3. Any system using an industry-standard pinout reference can be upgraded instantly with the AD586. 4. Output noise of the AD586 is very low, typically 4 μV p-p. A noise reduction pin is provided for additional noise filtering using an external capacitor. 5. The AD586 is available in versions compliant with MIL-STD-883. Refer to the Analog Devices Military Products Databook or the current AD586/883B data sheet for detailed specifications. AD586 Rev. G | Page 2 of 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS Specifications.....................................................................................3 AD586J, AD586K/AD586A, AD586L/AD586B.......................3 AD586M, AD586S, AD586T.......................................................4 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................5 ESD Caution..................................................................................5 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions...........................6 Theory of Operation........................................................................7 Applying the AD586.....................................................................7 Noise Performance and Reduction............................................7 Turn-on Time................................................................................8 Dynamic Performance.................................................................8 Load Regulation............................................................................9 Temperature Performance............................................................9 Negative Reference Voltage from an AD586...........................10 Using the AD586 with Converters...........................................10 5 V Reference with Multiplying CMOS DACs or ADCs......11 Stacked Precision References for Multiple Voltages..............11 Precision Current Source..........................................................11 Precision High Current Supply................................................11 Outline Dimensions.......................................................................13 Ordering Guide..........................................................................14 REVISION HISTORY 3/05—Rev. F to Rev. G Updated Format..................................................................Universal Split Specifications Table into Table 1 and Table 2.......................3 Changes to Table 1............................................................................3 Added Figure 2 and Figure 4...........................................................6 Updated Outline Dimensions.......................................................13 Changes to Ordering Guide..........................................................14 1/04—Rev. E to Rev. F Changes to ORDERING GUIDE...................................................3 7/03—Rev. D to Rev. E Removed AD586J CHIPS..................................................Universal Updated ORDERING GUIDE........................................................3 Change to Figure 3...........................................................................4 Updated Figure 12............................................................................7 Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS..............................................9 4/01—Rev. C to Rev. D Changed Figure 10 to Table 1 (Maximum Output Change in mV)...............................................6 11/95—Revision 0: Initial Version AD586 Rev. G | Page 3 of 16 SPECIFICATIONS AD586J, AD586K/AD586A, AD586L/AD586B @ TA = 25°C, VIN = 15 V, unless otherwise noted. Specifications in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. All minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, although only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units, unless otherwise specified. Table 1. AD586J AD586K/AD586A AD586L/AD586B Parameter Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit OUTPUT VOLTAGE 4.980 5.020 4.995 5.005 4.9975 5.0025 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE DRIFT1 0°C to 70°C 25 15 5 ppm/°C −55°C to +125°C ppm/°C GAIN ADJUSTMENT +6 +6 +6 % −2 −2 −2 % LINE REGULATION1 10.8 V < + VIN < 36 V TMIN to TMAX ±100 ±100 ±100 μV/V 11.4 V < +VIN < 36 V TMIN to TMAX μV/V LOAD REGULATION1 Sourcing 0 mA < IOUT < 10 mA 25°C 100 100 100 μV/mA TMIN to TMAX 100 100 100 μV/mA Sinking −10 mA < IOUT < 0 mA 25°C 400 400 400 μV/mA QUIESCENT CURRENT 2 3 2 3 2 3 mA POWER CONSUMPTION 30 30 30 mW OUTPUT NOISE 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 4 4 4 μV p-p Spectral Density, 100 Hz 100 100 100 nV/√Hz LONG-TERM STABILITY 15 15 15 ppm/1000 hr SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT-TO-GROUND 45 60 45 60 45 60 mA TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Performance2 0 70 0 −40 (K grade) (A grade) 70 +85 0 −40 (L grade) (B grade) 70 +85 °C °C Operating Performance3 −40 +85 −40 +85 −40 +85 °C 1 Maximum output voltage drift is guaranteed for all packages and grades. CERDIP packaged parts are also 100°C production tested. 2 Lower row shows specified performance for A and B grades. 3 The operating temperature range is defined as the temperature extremes at which the device will still function. Parts may deviate from their specified performance outside their specified temperature range. AD586 Rev. G | Page 4 of 16 AD586M, AD586S, AD586T @ TA = 25°C, VIN = 15 V, unless otherwise noted. Specifications in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. All minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, although only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units, unless otherwise specified. Table 2. AD586M AD586S AD586T Parameter Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit OUTPUT VOLTAGE 4.998 5.002 4.990 5.010 4.9975 5.0025 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE DRIFT1 0°C to 70°C 2 ppm/°C −55°C to +125°C 20 10 ppm/°C GAIN ADJUSTMENT +6 +6 +6 % −2 −2 −2 % LINE REGULATION1 10.8 V < +VIN < 36 V TMIN to TMAX ±100 μV/V 11.4 V < +VIN < 36 V TMIN to TMAX ±150 ±150 μV/V LOAD REGULATION1 Sourcing 0 mA < IOUT < 10 mA 25°C 100 150 150 μV/mA TMIN to TMAX 100 150 150 μV/mA Sinking −10 mA < IOUT < 0 mA 25°C 400 400 400 μV/mA QUIESCENT CURRENT 2 3 2 3 2 3 mA POWER CONSUMPTION 30 30 30 mW OUTPUT NOISE 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 4 4 4 μV p-p Spectral Density, 100 Hz 100 100 100 nV/√Hz LONG-TERM STABILITY 15 15 15 ppm/1000 hr SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT-TO-GROUND 45 60 45 60 45 60 mA TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Performance2 0 70 −55 +125 −55 +125 °C Operating Performance3 −40 +85 −55 +125 −55 +125 °C 1 Maximum output voltage drift is guaranteed for all packages and grades. CERDIP packaged parts are also 100°C production tested. 2 Lower row shows specified performance for A and B grades. 3 The operating temperature range is defined as the temperature extremes at which the device will still function. Parts may deviate from their specified performance outside their specified temperature range. AD586 Rev. G | Page 5 of 16 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 3. Parameter Rating VIN to Ground 36 V Power Dissipation (25°C) 500 mW Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 300°C Package Thermal Resistance θJC 22°C/W θJA 110°C/W Output Protection Output safe for indefinite short to ground or VIN. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. AD586 Rev. G | Page 6 of 16 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 1TP DENOTES FACTORY TEST POINT.NO CONNECTIONS, EXCEPT DUMMY PCB PAD,SHOULD BE MADE TO THESE POINTS.TP11VIN2TP13GND4NOISEREDUCTION8TP17VOUT6TRIM5AD586TOP VIEW(Not to Scale)00529-002 Figure 2. Pin Configuration (N-8) 1TP DENOTES FACTORY TEST POINT.NO CONNECTIONS, EXCEPT DUMMY PCB PAD,SHOULD BE MADE TO THESE POINTS.00529-003TP11VIN2TP13GND4NOISEREDUCTION8TP17VOUT6TRIM5AD586TOP VIEW(Not to Scale) Figure 3. Pin Configuration (Q-8) 1TP DENOTES FACTORY TEST POINT.NO CONNECTIONS, EXCEPT DUMMY PCB PAD,SHOULD BE MADE TO THESE POINTS.00529-004TP11VIN2TP13GND4NOISEREDUCTION8TP17VOUT6TRIM5AD586TOP VIEW(Not to Scale) Figure 4. Pin Configuration (R-8) Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 TP1 Factory Trim Pad (No Connect). 2 VIN Input Voltage. 3 TP1 Factory Trim Pad (No Connect). 4 GND Ground. 5 TRIM Optional External Fine Trim. See the Applying the AD586 section. 6 VOUT Output Voltage. 7 TP1 Factory Trim Pad (No Connect). 8 NOICE REDUCTION Optional Noise Reduction Filter with External 1μF Capacitor to Ground. AD586 Rev. G | Page 7 of 16 THEORY OF OPERATION The AD586 consists of a proprietary buried Zener diode refer-ence, an amplifier to buffer the output, and several high stability thin-film resistors, as shown in the block diagram in Figure 5. This design results in a high precision monolithic 5 V output reference with initial offset of 2.0 mV or less. The temperature compensation circuitry provides the device with a temperature coefficient of under 2 ppm/°C. Using the bias compensation resistor between the Zener output and the noninverting input to the amplifier, a capacitor can be added at the noise reduction pin (Pin 8) to form a low-pass filter and reduce the noise contribution of the Zener to the circuit. A1RSRZ1RZ2RFRTRIAD586GNDVINNOISE REDUCTIONVOUTTRIMNOTES1.PINS 1, 3, AND 7 ARE INTERNAL TEST POINTS.MAKE NO CONNECTIONS TO THESE POINTS.6548200529-001 Figure 5. Functional Block Diagram APPLYING THE AD586 The AD586 is simple to use in virtually all precision reference applications. When power is applied to Pin 2 and Pin 4 is grounded, Pin 6 provides a 5 V output. No external components are required; the degree of desired absolute accuracy is achieved simply by selecting the required device grade. The AD586 requires less than 3 mA quiescent current from an operating supply of 12 V or 15 V. An external fine trim may be desired to set the output level to exactly 5.000 V (calibrated to a main system reference). System calibration may also require a reference voltage that is slightly different from 5.000 V, for example, 5.12 V for binary applica-tions. In either case, the optional trim circuit shown in Figure 6 can offset the output by as much as 300 mV with minimal effect on other device characteristics. AD586GNDVINCN1μFVOTRIMOPTIONALNOISEREDUCTIONCAPACITORVINNOISEREDUCTIONOUTPUT10kΩ6524800529-005 Figure 6. Optional Fine-Trim Configuration NOISE PERFORMANCE AND REDUCTION The noise generated by the AD586 is typically less than 4 μV p-p over the 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz band. Noise in a 1 MHz bandwidth is approximately 200 μV p-p. The dominant source of this noise is the buried Zener, which contributes approximately 100 nV/√Hz. By comparison, contribution by the op amp is negligible. Figure 7 shows the 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz noise of a typical AD586. The noise measurement is made with a band-pass filter made of a 1-pole high-pass filter with a corner frequency at 0.1 Hz, and a 2-pole low-pass filter with a corner frequency at 12.6 Hz, to create a filter with a 9.922 Hz bandwidth. If further noise reduction is desired, an external capacitor can be added between the noise reduction pin and ground, as shown in Figure 6. This capacitor, combined with the 4 kΩ RS and the Zener resistances, forms a low-pass filter on the output of the Zener cell. A 1 μF capacitor will have a 3 dB point at 12 Hz, and will reduce the high frequency (to 1 MHz) noise to about 160 μV p-p. Figure 8 shows the 1 MHz noise of a typical AD586, both with and without a 1 μF capacitor. 00529-0061μF5s1μF Figure 7. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Noise AD586 Rev. G | Page 8 of 16 00529-007CN = 1μFNO CN50μS200μV Figure 8. Effect of 1 μF Noise Reduction Capacitor on Broadband Noise TURN-ON TIME Upon application of power (cold start), the time required for the output voltage to reach its final value within a specified error band is defined as the turn-on settling time. Two compo-nents normally associated with this are the time for the active circuits to settle, and the time for the thermal gradients on the chip to stabilize. Figure 9, Figure 10, and Figure 11 show the turn-on characteristics of the AD586. It shows the settling to be about 60 μs to 0.01%. Note the absence of any thermal tails when the horizontal scale is expanded to l ms/cm in Figure 10. Output turn-on time is modified when an external noise reduc-tion capacitor is used. When present, this capacitor acts as an additional load to the current source of the internal Zener diode, resulting in a somewhat longer turn-on time. In the case of a 1 μF capacitor, the initial turn-on time is approximately 400 ms to 0.01% (see Figure 11). 00529-008VINVOUT10V1mV20μS Figure 9. Electrical Turn-On 00529-009VINVOUT10V5V1mS Figure 10. Extended Time Scale 00529-010VINVOUT10V1mV100mS Figure 11. Turn-On with 1μF CN Characteristics DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE The output buffer amplifier is designed to provide the AD586 with static and dynamic load regulation superior to less com-plete references. Many ADCs and DACs present transient current loads to the reference, and poor reference response can degrade the per-formance of the converter. Figure 12, Figure 13, and Figure 14 display the characteristics of the AD586 output amplifier driving a 0 mA to 10 mA load. AD586VL5V0VVOUT500Ω3.5V00529-011 Figure 12. Transient Load Test Circuit AD586 Rev. G | Page 9 of 16 00529-012VLVOUT5V50mV1μS Figure 13. Large-Scale Transient Response 00529-013VLVOUT5V1mV2μS Figure 14. Fine-Scale Setting for Transient Load In some applications, a varying load may be both resistive and capacitive in nature, or the load may be connected to the AD586 by a long capacitive cable. Figure 15 and Figure 16 display the output amplifier characteristics driving a 1000 pF, 0 mA to 10 mA load. AD586VL5V0VVOUTCL1000pF500Ω3.5V00529-014 Figure 15. Capacitive Load Transient Response Test Circuit 00529-015CL= 0CL= 1000pF5V200mV1μS Figure 16. Output Response with Capacitive Load LOAD REGULATION The AD586 has excellent load regulation characteristics. Figure 17 shows that varying the load several mA changes the output by a few μV. The AD586 has somewhat better load regulation per-formance sourcing current than sinking current. –6–4–2246810LOAD (mA)0–500–10005001000ΔVOUT (μV)00529-016 Figure 17. Typical Load Regulation Characteristics TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE The AD586 is designed for precision reference applications where temperature performance is critical. Extensive tempera-ture testing ensures that the device maintains a high level of performance over the operating temperature range. Some confusion exists with defining and specifying reference voltage error over temperature. Historically, references have been characterized using a maximum deviation per degree Celsius, that is, ppm/°C. However, because of nonlinearities in temperature characteristics that originated in standard Zener references (such as “S” type characteristics), most manufacturers have begun to use a maximum limit error band approach to specify devices. This technique involves measuring the output at three or more different temperatures to specify an output volt-age error band. AD586 Rev. G | Page 10 of 16 Figure 18 shows the typical output voltage drift for the AD586L and illustrates the test methodology. The box in Figure 18 is bounded on the sides by the operating temperature extremes and on the top and the bottom by the maximum and minimum output voltages measured over the operating temperature range. The slope of the diagonal drawn from the lower left to the upper right corner of the box determines the performance grade of the device. –200204060805.0035.000TEMPERATURE (°C) VMINVMAXVMAX–VMIN(TMAX–TMIN)×5×10–6SLOPETMINTMAXSLOPE = T.C. ===4.3ppm/°C5.0027– 5.0012(70°C– 0)×5×10–600625-017 Figure 18. Typical AD586L Temperature Drift Each AD586J, AD586K, and AD586L grade unit is tested at 0°C, 25°C, and 70°C. Each AD586SQ and AD586TQ grade unit is tested at −55°C, +25°C, and +125°C. This approach ensures that the variations of output voltage that occur as the temperature changes within the specified range will be contained within a box whose diagonal has a slope equal to the maximum specified drift. The position of the box on the vertical scale will change from device to device as initial error and the shape of the curve vary. The maximum height of the box for the appropriate tem-perature range and device grade is shown in Table 5. Dupli-cation of these results requires a combination of high accuracy and stable temperature control in a test system. Evaluation of the AD586 will produce a curve similar to that in Figure 18, but output readings could vary depending on the test methods and equipment used. Table 5. Maximum Output Change in mV Maximum Output Change (mV) Device Grade 0°C to 70°C −40°C to +85°C −55°C to +125°C AD586J 8.75 AD586K 5.25 AD586L 1.75 AD586M 0.70 AD586A 9.37 AD586B 3.12 AD586S 18.00 AD586T 9.00 NEGATIVE REFERENCE VOLTAGE FROM AN AD586 The AD586 can be used to provide a precision −5.000 V output, as shown in Figure 19. The VIN pin is tied to at least a 6 V supply, the output pin is grounded, and the AD586 ground pin is con-nected through a resistor, RS, to a −15 V supply. The −5 V output is now taken from the ground pin (Pin 4) instead of VOUT. It is essential to arrange the output load and the supply resistor, RS, so that the net current through the AD586 is between 2.5 mA and 10.0 mA. The temperature characteristics and long-term stability of the device will be essentially the same as that of a unit used in the standard +5 V output configuration. AD586GND+6V→+30V2.5mA <–IL< 10mA10VRS–5VRSVOUTVINIL–15V24600529-018 Figure 19. AD586 as a Negative 5 V Reference USING THE AD586 WITH CONVERTERS The AD586 is an ideal reference for a wide variety of 8-, 12-, 14-, and 16-bit ADCs and DACs. Several representative examples are explained in the following sections. AD586 Rev. G | Page 11 of 16 5 V REFERENCE WITH MULTIPLYING CMOS DACs OR ADCs The AD586 is ideal for applications with 10- and 12-bit multiplying CMOS DACs. In the standard hookup, as shown in Figure 20, the AD586 is paired with the AD7545 12-bit multiplying DAC and the AD711 high speed BiFET op amp. The amplifier DAC configuration produces a unipolar 0 V to −5 V output range. Bipolar output applications and other operating details can be found in the individual product data sheets. AD586GNDVOUTVINAD711K0.1μF0.1μF–15V0VTO–5V+15VOUT 1AGNDDGNDDB11TODB0C133pFR268ΩRFB+15VVDDAD7545KVREF10kΩVOUTTRIM+15V20181965423127463200529-019 Figure 20. Low Power 12-Bit CMOS DAC Application The AD586 can also be used as a precision reference for multi-ple DACs. Figure 21 shows the AD586, the AD7628 dual DAC, and the AD712 dual op amp hooked up for single-supply opera-tion to produce 0 V to −5 V outputs. Because both DACs are on the same die and share a common reference and output op amps, the DAC outputs will exhibit similar gain TCs. AD586GNDAD712OUT ADGNDAGNDDACADB0DB7DATAINPUTSOUT BDACBRFB BRFB AVREFAVREFBAD7628VINVOUTA=0TO–5VVOUTB=0TO–5VVOUT+15V+15V64471425317119202400529-020 Figure 21. AD586 as a 5 V Reference for a CMOS STACKED PRECISION REFERENCES FOR MULTIPLE VOLTAGES Often, a design requires several reference voltages. Three AD586s can be stacked, as shown in Figure 22, to produce 5.000 V, 10.000 V, and 15.000 V outputs. This scheme can be extended to any number of AD586s, provided the maximum load current is not exceeded. This design provides the addi-tional advantage of improved line regulation on the 5.0 V output. Changes in VIN of 18 V to 50 V produce output changes that are below the noise level of the references. 22V TO 46VAD586GNDVOUTVINTRIM10kΩAD586GNDVOUTVINTRIMAD586GNDVOUTVINTRIM10kΩ10kΩ15V10V5V24562456245600529-021 Figure 22. Multiple AD586s Stacked for Precision 5 V, 10 V, and 15 V Outputs PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE The design of the AD586 allows it to be easily configured as a current source. By choosing the control resistor RC in Figure 23, the user can vary the load current from the quiescent current (typically, 2 mA) to approximately 10 mA. The compliance volt-age of this circuit varies from about 5 V to 21 V, depending on the value of VIN. AD586GNDVOUTVIN5VRCIL = + IBIAS+VINRC(500Ω MIN)24600529-022 Figure 23. Precision Current Source PRECISION HIGH CURRENT SUPPLY For higher currents, the AD586 can easily be connected to a power PNP or power Darlington PNP device. The circuit in Figure 24 and Figure 25 can deliver up to 4 amps to the load. The 0.1 μF capacitor is required only if the load has a significant capacitive component. If the load is purely resistive, improved high frequency supply rejection results can be obtained by removing the capacitor. AD586 Rev. G | Page 12 of 16 AD586GNDVOUTVIN5VRCIL = + IBIASRC0.1μF15V220Ω2N628526400529-023 Figure 24. Precision High Current Current Source VOUT5V @ 4 AMPSAD586GNDVOUTVIN0.1μF15V220Ω2N628526400529-024 Figure 25. Precision High Current Voltage Source AD586 Rev. G | Page 13 of 16 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-001-BA0.022 (0.56)0.018 (0.46)0.014 (0.36)SEATINGPLANE0.015(0.38)MIN0.210(5.33)MAXPIN 10.150 (3.81)0.130 (3.30)0.115 (2.92)0.070 (1.78)0.060 (1.52)0.045 (1.14)81450.280 (7.11)0.250 (6.35)0.240 (6.10)0.100 (2.54)BSC0.400 (10.16)0.365 (9.27)0.355 (9.02)0.060 (1.52)MAX0.430 (10.92)MAX0.014 (0.36)0.010 (0.25)0.008 (0.20)0.325 (8.26)0.310 (7.87)0.300 (7.62)0.195 (4.95)0.130 (3.30)0.115 (2.92)0.015 (0.38)GAUGEPLANE0.005 (0.13)MINCONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FORREFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.CORNER LEADS MAY BE CONFIGURED AS WHOLE OR HALF LEADS. Figure 26. 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package [PDIP] (N-8) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FORREFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.14580.310 (7.87)0.220 (5.59)0.005 (0.13)MIN0.055 (1.40)MAX0.100 (2.54) BSC15° 0°0.320 (8.13)0.290 (7.37)0.015 (0.38)0.008 (0.20)SEATINGPLANE0.200 (5.08)MAX0.405 (10.29) MAX0.150 (3.81)MIN0.200 (5.08)0.125 (3.18)0.023 (0.58)0.014 (0.36)0.070 (1.78)0.030 (0.76)0.060 (1.52)0.015 (0.38)PIN 1 Figure 27. 8-Lead Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [CERDIP] (Q-8) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) 0.25 (0.0098)0.17 (0.0067)1.27 (0.0500)0.40 (0.0157)0.50 (0.0196)0.25 (0.0099)× 45°8°0°1.75 (0.0688)1.35 (0.0532)SEATINGPLANE0.25 (0.0098)0.10 (0.0040)41855.00 (0.1968)4.80 (0.1890)4.00 (0.1574)3.80 (0.1497)1.27 (0.0500)BSC6.20 (0.2440)5.80 (0.2284)0.51 (0.0201)0.31 (0.0122)COPLANARITY0.10CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FORREFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGNCOMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012AA Figure 28. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC] Narrow Body (R-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) AD586 Rev. G | Page 14 of 16 ORDERING GUIDE Model Initial Error Temperature Coefficient Temperature Range Package Description Package Option Quantity Per Reel AD586JN 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586JNZ1 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586JQ 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C CERDIP Q-8 AD586JR 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 AD586JR-REEL7 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586JRZ1 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 AD586JRZ-REEL71 20 mV 25 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586KN 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586KNZ1 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586KQ 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C CERDIP Q-8 AD586KR 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 AD586KR-REEL 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586KR-REEL7 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586KRZ1 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 AD586KRZ-REEL1 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586KRZ-REEL71 5 mV 15 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586LN 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586LNZ1 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586LR 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 AD586LR-REEL 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586LR-REEL7 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586LRZ1 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 AD586LRZ-REEL1 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586LRZ-REEL71 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586MN 2 mV 2 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586MNZ1 2 mV 2 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C PDIP N-8 AD586AR 5 mV 15 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 AD586AR-REEL 5 mV 15 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586ARZ1 5 mV 15 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 AD586ARZ-REEL1 5 mV 15 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586ARZ-REEL71 5 mV 15 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586BR 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 AD586BR-REEL7 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586BRZ1 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 AD586BRZ-REEL1 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 2,500 AD586BRZ-REEL71 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C −40°C to +85°C SOIC R-8 1,000 AD586LQ 2.5 mV 5 ppm/°C 0°C to 70°C CERDIP Q-8 AD586SQ 10 mV 20 ppm/°C −55°C to +125°C CERDIP Q-8 AD586TQ 2.5 mV 10 ppm/°C −55°C to +125°C CERDIP Q-8 AD586TQ/883B2 2.5 mV 10 ppm/°C −55°C to +125°C CERDIP Q-8 1 Z = Pb-free part. 2 For details on grade and package offerings screened in accordance with MIL-STD-883, refer to the Analog Devices Military Products Databook or the current AD586/883B data sheet. AD586 Rev. G | Page 15 of 16 NOTES AD586 Rev. G | Page 16 of 16 NOTES February 2004 Digital Audio Products Data Manual SLWS106H iii Contents Section Title Page 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1 1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1 1.2 Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−3 1.3 Terminal Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−4 1.4 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−5 1.5 Terminal Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−5 2 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Over Operating Free-Air Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1 2.2 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1 2.3 Electrical Characteristics Over Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2 2.3.1 ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2 2.3.2 DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3 2.3.3 Analog Line Input to Line Output (Bypass) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3 2.3.4 Stereo Headphone Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4 2.3.5 Analog Reference Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4 2.3.6 Digital I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4 2.3.7 Supply Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4 2.4 Digital-Interface Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5 2.4.1 Audio Interface (Master Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5 2.4.2 Audio Interface (Slave-Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6 2.4.3 Three-Wire Control Interface (SDIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7 2.4.4 Two-Wire Control Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7 3 How to Use the TLV320AIC23B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1 3.1 Control Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1 3.1.1 SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1 3.1.2 2-Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1 3.1.3 Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−2 3.2 Analog Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5 3.2.1 Line Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5 3.2.2 Microphone Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6 3.2.3 Line Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6 3.2.4 Headphone Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6 3.2.5 Analog Bypass Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7 3.2.6 Sidetone Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7 3.3 Digital Audio Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7 3.3.1 Digital Audio-Interface Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7 iv 3.3.2 Audio Sampling Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9 3.3.3 Digital Filter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11 A Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A−1 v List of Illustrations Figure Title Page 2−1 System-Clock Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5 2−2 Master-Mode Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5 2−3 Slave-Mode Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6 2−4 Three-Wire Control Interface Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7 2−5 Two-Wire Control Interface Timing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7 3−1 SPI Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1 3−2 2-Wire Compatible Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−2 3−3 Analog Line Input Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5 3−4 Microphone Input Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6 3−5 Right-Justified Mode Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7 3−6 Left-Justified Mode Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8 3−7 I2S Mode Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8 3−8 DSP Mode Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8 3−9 Digital De-Emphasis Filter Response − 44.1 kHz Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . 3−12 3−10 Digital De-Emphasis Filter Response − 48 kHz Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−12 3−11 ADC Digital Filter Response 0: USB Mode (Group Delay = 12 Output Samples) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−13 3−12 ADC Digital Filter Ripple 0: USB (Group Delay = 20 Output Samples) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−13 3−13 ADC Digital Filter Response 1: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−14 3−14 ADC Digital Filter Ripple 1: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−14 3−15 ADC Digital Filter Response 2: USB mode and Normal Modes (Group Delay = 3 Output Samples) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−15 3−16 ADC Digital Filter Ripple 2: USB Mode and Normal Modes . . . . . . . . . . . 3−15 3−17 ADC Digital Filter Response 3: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−16 3−18 ADC Digital Filter Ripple 3: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−16 3−19 DAC Digital Filter Response 0: USB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−17 3−20 DAC Digital Filter Ripple 0: USB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−17 3−21 DAC Digital Filter Response 1: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−18 3−22 DAC Digital Filter Ripple 1: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−18 3−23 DAC Digital Filter Response 2: USB Mode and Normal Modes . . . . . . . . 3−19 3−24 DAC Digital Filter Ripple 2: USB Mode and Normal Modes . . . . . . . . . . . 3−19 3−25 DAC Digital Filter Response 3: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−20 3−26 DAC Digital Filter Ripple 3: USB Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−20 vi 1−1 1 Introduction The TLV320AIC23B is a high-performance stereo audio codec with highly integrated analog functionality. The analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) within the TLV320AIC23B use multibit sigma-delta technology with integrated oversampling digital interpolation filters. Data-transfer word lengths of 16, 20, 24, and 32 bits, with sample rates from 8 kHz to 96 kHz, are supported. The ADC sigma-delta modulator features third-order multibit architecture with up to 90-dBA signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at audio sampling rates up to 96 kHz, enabling high-fidelity audio recording in a compact, power-saving design. The DAC sigma-delta modulator features a second-order multibit architecture with up to 100-dBA SNR at audio sampling rates up to 96 kHz, enabling high-quality digital audio-playback capability, while consuming less than 23 mW during playback only. The TLV320AIC23B is the ideal analog input/output (I/O) choice for portable digital audio-player and recorder applications, such as MP3 digital audio players. Integrated analog features consist of stereo-line inputs with an analog bypass path, a stereo headphone amplifier, with analog volume control and mute, and a complete electret-microphone-capsule biasing and buffering solution. The headphone amplifier is capable of delivering 30 mW per channel into 32 Ω. The analog bypass path allows use of the stereo-line inputs and the headphone amplifier with analog volume control, while completely bypassing the codec, thus enabling further design flexibility, such as integrated FM tuners. A microphone bias-voltage output provides a low-noise current source for electret-capsule biasing. The AIC23B has an integrated adjustable microphone amplifier (gain adjustable from 1 to 5) and a programmable gain microphone amplifier (0 dB or 20 dB). The microphone signal can be mixed with the output signals if a sidetone is required. While the TLV320AIC23B supports the industry-standard oversampling rates of 256 fs and 384 fs, unique oversampling rates of 250 fs and 272 fs are provided, which optimize interface considerations in designs using TI C54x digital signal processors (DSPs) and universal serial bus (USB) data interfaces. A single 12-MHz crystal can supply clocking to the DSP, USB, and codec. The TLV320AIC23B features an internal oscillator that, when connected to a 12-MHz external crystal, provides a system clock to the DSP and other peripherals at either 12 MHz or 6 MHz, using an internal clock buffer and selectable divider. Audio sample rates of 48 kHz and compact-disc (CD) standard 44.1 kHz are supported directly from a 12-MHz master clock with 250 fs and 272 fs oversampling rates. Low power consumption and flexible power management allow selective shutdown of codec functions, thus extending battery life in portable applications. This design solution, coupled with the industry’s smallest package, the TI proprietary MicroStar Junior using only 25 mm2 of board area, makes powerful portable stereo audio designs easily realizable in a cost-effective, space-saving total analog I/O solution: the TLV320AIC23B. 1.1 Features • High-Performance Stereo Codec − 90-dB SNR Multibit Sigma-Delta ADC (A-weighted at 48 kHz) − 100-dB SNR Multibit Sigma-Delta DAC (A-weighted at 48 kHz) − 1.42 V – 3.6 V Core Digital Supply: Compatible With TI C54x DSP Core Voltages − 2.7 V – 3.6 V Buffer and Analog Supply: Compatible Both TI C54x DSP Buffer Voltages − 8-kHz – 96-kHz Sampling-Frequency Support • Software Control Via TI McBSP-Compatible Multiprotocol Serial Port − 2-wire-Compatible and SPI-Compatible Serial-Port Protocols − Glueless Interface to TI McBSPs • Audio-Data Input/Output Via TI McBSP-Compatible Programmable Audio Interface − I2S-Compatible Interface Requiring Only One McBSP for both ADC and DAC − Standard I2S, MSB, or LSB Justified-Data Transfers − 16/20/24/32-Bit Word Lengths MicroStar Junior is a trademark of Texas Instruments. 1−2 − Audio Master/Slave Timing Capability Optimized for TI DSPs (250/272 fs), USB mode − Industry-Standard Master/Slave Support Provided Also (256/384 fs), Normal mode − Glueless Interface to TI McBSPs • Integrated Total Electret-Microphone Biasing and Buffering Solution − Low-Noise MICBIAS pin at 3/4 AVDD for Biasing of Electret Capsules − Integrated Buffer Amplifier With Tunable Fixed Gain of 1 to 5 − Additional Control-Register Selectable Buffer Gain of 0 dB or 20 dB • Stereo-Line Inputs − Integrated Programmable Gain Amplifier − Analog Bypass Path of Codec • ADC Multiplexed Input for Stereo-Line Inputs and Microphone • Stereo-Line Outputs − Analog Stereo Mixer for DAC and Analog Bypass Path • Volume Control With Mute on Input and Output • Highly Efficient Linear Headphone Amplifier − 30 mW into 32 Ω From a 3.3-V Analog Supply Voltage • Flexible Power Management Under Total Software Control − 23-mW Power Consumption During Playback Mode − Standby Power Consumption <150 μW − Power-Down Power Consumption <15 μW • Industry’s Smallest Package: 32-Pin TI Proprietary MicroStar Junior − 25 mm2 Total Board Area − 28-Pin TSSOP Also Is Available (62 mm2 Total Board Area) • Ideally Suitable for Portable Solid-State Audio Players and Recorders 1−3 1.2 Functional Block Diagram Control Interface Digital Filters Digital Audio Interface Σ−Δ DAC Σ 6 to −73 dB, 1 dB Steps Headphone Driver Σ−Δ DAC Σ 6 to −73 dB, 1 dB Steps Headphone Driver CLKOUT Divider (1x, 1/2x) OSC CS SDIN SCLK MODE DVDD BVDD DGND LRCIN DIN LRCOUT DOUT BCLK AVDD VMID AGND RLINEIN LLINEIN HPVDD HPGND RHPOUT ROUT LOUT LHPOUT XTI/MCLK XTO CLKOUT DSPcodec TLV320AIC23B 1.0X 1.0X VMID VADC 50 kΩ 50 kΩ Σ−Δ ADC 2:1 MUX VDAC Σ−Δ ADC 2:1 MUX Mute, 0 dB, 20 dB VMID 50 kΩ 10 kΩ VADC 12 to −34.5 dB, 1.5 dB Steps 1.0X 1.5X VDAC 12 to −34 dB, 1.5 dB Steps MICBIAS MICIN CLKIN Divider (1x, 1/2x) Line Mute Line Mute Side Tone Mute Bypass Mute Bypass Mute NOTE: MCLK, BCLK, and SCLK are all asynchronous to each other. 1−4 1.3 Terminal Assignments LRCIN NC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 DOUT LRCOUT HPVDD LHPOUT RHPOUT HPGND XTI/MCLK SCLK SDIN MODE CS LLINEIN RLINEIN LOUT ROUT AVDD AGND VMID MICBIAS MICIN NC NC DIN BCLK CLKOUT BVDD DGND DVDD XTO NC GQE/ZQE PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 BVDD CLKOUT BCLK DIN LRCIN DOUT LRCOUT HPVDD LHPOUT RHPOUT HPGND LOUT ROUT AVDD DGND DVDD XTO XTI/MCLK SCLK SDIN MODE CS LLINEIN RLINEIN MICIN MICBIAS VMID AGND PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) NC − No internal connection 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 DIN LRCIN DOUT LROUT HPVDD LHPOUT RHPOUT SCLK SDIN MODE CS LLNEIN RUNEIN MICIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 BCLK CLKOUT BVDD DGND DVDD XTO XTI/MCLK HPGND LOUT ROUT AVDD AGND VMID MICBIAS 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 RHD PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1−5 1.4 Ordering Information PACKAGE TA 32-Pin MicroStar Junior GQE/ZQE 28-Pin TSSOP PW 28-Pin PQFP RHD −10°C to 70°C TLV320AIC23BGQE/ZQE TLV320AIC23BPW TLV320AIC23BRHD −40°C to 85°C TLV320AIC23BIGQE/ZQE TLV320AIC23BIPW TLV320AIC23BIRHD 1.5 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NO. I/O DESCRIPTION NAME GQE/ ZQE PW RHD AGND 5 15 12 Analog supply return AVDD 4 14 11 Analog supply input. Voltage level is 3.3 V nominal. BCLK 23 3 28 I/O I2S serial-bit clock. In audio master mode, the AIC23B generates this signal and sends it to the DSP. In audio slave mode, the signal is generated by the DSP. BVDD 21 1 26 Buffer supply input. Voltage range is from 2.7 V to 3.6 V. CLKOUT 22 2 27 O Clock output. This is a buffered version of the XTI input and is available in 1X or 1/2X frequencies of XTI. Bit 07 in the sample rate control register controls frequency selection. CS 12 21 18 I Control port input latch/address select. For SPI control mode this input acts as the data latch control. For 2-wire control mode this input defines the seventh bit in the device address field. See Section 3.1 for details. DIN 24 4 1 I I2S format serial data input to the sigma-delta stereo DAC DGND 20 28 25 Digital supply return DOUT 27 6 3 O I2S format serial data output from the sigma-delta stereo ADC DVDD 19 27 24 Digital supply input. Voltage range is 1.4 V to 3.6 V. HPGND 32 11 8 Analog headphone amplifier supply return HPVDD 29 8 5 Analog headphone amplifier supply input. Voltage level is 3.3 V nominal. LHPOUT 30 9 6 O Left stereo mixer-channel amplified headphone output. Nominal 0-dB output level is 1 VRMS. Gain of –73 dB to 6 dB is provided in 1-dB steps. LLINEIN 11 20 17 I Left stereo-line input channel. Nominal 0-dB input level is 1 VRMS. Gain of –34.5 dB to 12 dB is provided in 1.5-dB steps. LOUT 2 12 9 O Left stereo mixer-channel line output. Nominal output level is 1.0 VRMS. LRCIN 26 5 2 I/O I2S DAC-word clock signal. In audio master mode, the AIC23B generates this framing signal and sends it to the DSP. In audio slave mode, the signal is generated by the DSP. LRCOUT 28 7 4 I/O I2S ADC-word clock signal. In audio master mode, the AIC23B generates this framing signal and sends it to the DSP. In audio slave mode, the signal is generated by the DSP. MICBIAS 7 17 14 O Buffered low-noise-voltage output suitable for electret-microphone-capsule biasing. Voltage level is 3/4 AVDD nominal. MICIN 8 18 15 I Buffered amplifier input suitable for use with electret-microphone capsules. Without external resistors a default gain of 5 is provided. See Section 2.3.1.2 for details. MODE 13 22 19 I Serial-interface-mode input. See Section 3.1 for details. NC 1, 9 17, 25 Not Used—No internal connection RHPOUT 31 10 7 O Right stereo mixer-channel amplified headphone output. Nominal 0-dB output level is 1 VRMS. Gain of −73 dB to 6 dB is provided in 1-dB steps. RLINEIN 10 19 16 I Right stereo-line input channel. Nominal 0-dB input level is 1 VRMS. Gain of –34.5 dB to 12 dB is provided in 1.5-dB steps. ROUT 3 13 10 O Right stereo mixer-channel line output. Nominal output level is 1.0 VRMS. 1−6 1.5 Terminal Functions (continued) TERMINAL NO. I/O DESCRIPTION NAME GQE/ ZQE PW RHD SCLK 15 24 21 I Control-port serial-data clock. For SPI and 2-wire control modes this is the serial-clock input. See Section 3.1 for details. SDIN 14 23 20 I Control-port serial-data input. For SPI and 2-wire control modes this is the serial-data input and also is used to select the control protocol after reset. See Section 3.1 for details. VMID 6 16 13 I Midrail voltage decoupling input. 10-μF and 0.1-μF capacitors should be connected in parallel to this terminal for noise filtering. Voltage level is 1/2 AVDD nominal. XTI/MCLK 16 25 22 I Crystal or external-clock input. Used for derivation of all internal clocks on the AIC23B. XTO 18 26 23 O Crystal output. Connect to external crystal for applications where the AIC23B is the audio timing master. Not used in applications where external clock source is used. 2−1 2 Specifications 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Over Operating Free-Air Temperature Range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage range, AVDD to AGND, DVDD to DGND, BVDD to DGND, HPVDD to HPGND (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to + 3.63 V Analog supply return to digital supply return, AGND to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to + 3 .63 V Input voltage range, all input signals: Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V Analog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V Case temperature for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240°C Operating free-air temperature range, TA: Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −10°C to 70°C Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −40°C to 85°C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −65°C to 150°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTE 1: DVDD may not exceed BVDD + 0.3V; BVDD may not exceed AVDD + 0.3V or HPVDD + 0.3. 2.2 Recommended Operating Conditions MIN NOM MAX UNIT Analog supply voltage, AVDD, HPVDD (see Note 2) 2.7 3.3 3.6 V Digital buffer supply voltage, BVDD (see Note 2) 2.7 3.3 3.6 V Digital core supply voltage, DVDD (see Note 2) 1.42 1.5 3.6 V Analog input voltage, full scale − 0dB (AVDD = 3.3 V) 1 VRMS Stereo-line output load resistance 10 kΩ Headphone-amplifier output load resistance 0 Ω CLKOUT digital output load capacitance 20 pF All other digital output load capacitance 10 pF Stereo-line output load capacitance 50 pF XTI master clock Input 18.43 MHz ADC or DAC conversion rate 96 kHz Operating free-air temperature, TA Commercial −10 70 °C Industrial −40 85 NOTE 2: Digital voltage values are with respect to DGND; analog voltage values are with respect to AGND. 2−2 2.3 Electrical Characteristics Over Recommended Operating Conditions, AVDD, HPVDD, BVDD = 3.3 V, DVDD = 1.5 V, Slave Mode, XTI/MCLK = 256fs, fs = 48 kHz (unless otherwise stated) 2.3.1 ADC 2.3.1.1 Line Input to ADC PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Input signal level (0 dB) 1 VRMS Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted, 0-dB gain (see Notes 3 fs = 48 kHz (3.3 V) 85 90 dB and 4) fs = 48 kHz (2.7 V) 90 Dynamic range, A-weighted, −60-dB full-scale input (see AVDD = 3.3 V 85 90 dB Note 4) AVDD = 2.7 V 90 Total harmonic distortion, −1-dB input, 0-dB gain AVDD = 3.3 V –80 dB AVDD = 2.7 V 80 Power supply rejection ratio 1 kHz, 100 mVpp 50 dB ADC channel separation 1 kHz input tone 90 dB Programmable gain 1 kHz input tone, RSOURCE < 50 Ω –34.5 12 dB Programmable gain step size Monotonic 1.5 dB Mute attenuation 0 dB, 1 kHz input tone 80 dB Input resistance 12 dB Input gain 10 20 kΩ 0 dB input gain 30 35 Input capacitance 10 pF NOTES: 3. Ratio of output level with 1-kHz full-scale input, to the output level with the input short circuited, measured A-weighted over a 20-Hz to 20-kHz bandwidth using an audio analyzer. 4. All performance measurements done with 20-kHz low-pass filter and, where noted, A-weighted filter. Failure to use such a filter results in higher THD + N and lower SNR and dynamic range readings than shown in the Electrical Characteristics. The low-pass filter removes out-of-band noise, which, although not audible, may affect dynamic specification values. 2.3.1.2 Microphone Input to ADC, 0-dB Gain, fs = 8 kHz (40-KΩ Source Impedance, see Section 1.2, Functional Block Diagram) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Input signal level (0 dB) 1.0 VRMS Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted, 0-dB gain (see Notes 3 and 4) AVDD = 3.3 V 80 85 dB AVDD = 2.7 V 84 Dynamic range, A-weighted, −60-dB full-scale input (see Note 4) AVDD = 3.3 V 80 85 dB AVDD = 2.7 V 84 Total harmonic distortion, −1-dB input, 0-dB gain AVDD = 3.3 V –60 dB AVDD = 2.7 V −60 Power supply rejection ratio 1 kHz, 100 mVpp 50 dB Programmable gain boost 1 kHz input tone, RSOURCE < 50 Ω 20 dB Microphone-path gain MICBOOST = 0, RSOURCE < 50 Ω 14 dB Mute attenuation 0 dB, 1 kHz input tone 60 80 dB Input resistance 8 14 kΩ Input capacitance 10 pF NOTES: 3. Ratio of output level with 1-kHz full-scale input, to the output level with the input short circuited, measured A-weighted over a 20-Hz to 20-kHz bandwidth using an audio analyzer. 4. All performance measurements done with 20-kHz low-pass filter and, where noted, A-weighted filter. Failure to use such a filter results in higher THD + N and lower SNR and dynamic range readings than shown in the Electrical Characteristics. The low-pass filter removes out-of-band noise, which, although not audible, may affect dynamic specification values. 2−3 2.3.1.3 Microphone Bias PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Bias voltage 3/4 AVDD − 100 m 3/4 AVDD 3/4 AVDD + 100 m V Bias-current source 3 mA Output noise voltage 1 kHz to 20 kHz 25 nV/√Hz 2.3.2 DAC 2.3.2.1 Line Output, Load = 10 kΩ, 50 pF PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0-dB full-scale output voltage (FFFFFF) 1.0 VRMS Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted, 0-dB gain (see Notes 3, 4, and 5) AVDD = 3.3 V fs = 48kHz 90 100 dB AVDD = 2.7 V fs = 48 kHz 100 Dynamic range, A-weighted (see Note 4) AVDD = 3.3 V 85 90 dB AVDD = 2.7 V TBD AVDD = 3.3 V 1 kHz, 0 dB –88 –80 dB Total harmonic distortion 1 kHz, −3 dB −92 −86 AVDD = 2.7 V 1 kHz, 0 dB −85 dB 1 kHz, −3 dB −88 Power supply rejection ratio 1 kHz, 100 mVpp 50 dB DAC channel separation 100 dB NOTES: 3. Ratio of output level with 1-kHz full-scale input, to the output level with the input short circuited, measured A-weighted over a 20-Hz to 20-kHz bandwidth using an audio analyzer. 4. All performance measurements done with 20-kHz low-pass filter and, where noted, A-weighted filter. Failure to use such a filter results in higher THD + N and lower SNR and dynamic range readings than shown in the Electrical Characteristics. The low-pass filter removes out-of-band noise, which, although not audible, may affect dynamic specification values. 5. Ratio of output level with 1-kHz full-scale input, to the output level with all zeros into the digital input, measured A-weighted over a 20-Hz to 20-kHz bandwidth. 2.3.3 Analog Line Input to Line Output (Bypass) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0-dB full-scale output voltage 1.0 VRMS Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted, 0-dB gain (see Notes 3 and 4) AVDD = 3.3 V 90 95 dB AVDD = 2.7 V 95 AVDD = 3.3 V 1 kHz, 0 dB –86 –80 dB Total harmonic distortion 1 kHz, −3 dB −92 −86 AVDD = 2.7 V 1 kHz, 0 dB −86 dB 1 kHz, −3 dB −92 Power supply rejection ratio 1 kHz, 100 mVpp 50 dB DAC channel separation (left to right) 1 kHz, 0 dB 80 dB NOTES: 3. Ratio of output level with 1-kHz full-scale input, to the output level with the input short circuited, measured A-weighted over a 20-Hz to 20-kHz bandwidth using an audio analyzer. 4. All performance measurements done with 20-kHz low-pass filter and, where noted, A-weighted filter. Failure to use such a filter results in higher THD + N and lower SNR and dynamic range readings than shown in the Electrical Characteristics. The low-pass filter removes out-of-band noise, which, although not audible, may affect dynamic specification values. 2−4 2.3.4 Stereo Headphone Output PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0-dB full-scale output voltage 1.0 VRMS Maximum output power, PO RL = 32 Ω 30 mW RL = 16 Ω 40 Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted (see Note 4) AVDD = 3.3 V 90 97 dB Total harmonic distortion AVDD = 3.3 V, PO = 10 mW 0.1 % 1 kHz output PO = 20 mW 1.0 Power supply rejection ratio 1 kHz, 100 mVpp 50 dB Programmable gain 1 kHz output −73 6 dB Programmable-gain step size 1 dB Mute attenuation 1 kHz output 80 dB NOTE 4: All performance measurements done with 20-kHz low-pass filter and, where noted, A-weighted filter. Failure to use such a filter results in higher THD + N and lower SNR and dynamic range readings than shown in the Electrical Characteristics. The low-pass filter removes out-of-band noise, which, although not audible, may affect dynamic specification values. 2.3.5 Analog Reference Levels PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT Reference voltage AVDD/2 − 50 mV AVDD/2 + 50 mV V Divider resistance 40 50 60 kΩ 2.3.6 Digital I/O PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT VIL Input low level 0.3 × BVDD V VIH Input high level 0.7 × BVDD V VOL Output low level 0.1 × BVDD V VOH Output high level 0.9 × BVDD V 2.3.7 Supply Current PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Record and playback (all active) 20 24 26 Record and playback (osc, clk, and MIC output powered down) 16 18 20 Total supply current, Line playback only 6 7.5 9 ITOT Record only 11 13.5 15 mA No input signal Analog bypass (line in to line out) 4 4.5 6 Power down, DVDD = 1.5 V, Oscillator enabled 0.8 1.5 3 AVDD = BVDD = HPVDD = 3.3 V Oscillator disabled 0.01 2−5 2.4 Digital-Interface Timing PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT tw(1) System-clock pulse duration, MCLK/XTI High 18 ns tw(2) Low 18 tc(1) System-clock period, MCLK/XTI 54 ns Duty cycle, MCLK/XTI 40/60% 60/40% tpd(1) Propagation delay, CLKOUT 0 10 ns tc(1) tw(1) tw(2) tpd(1) MCLK/XTI CLKOUT CLKOUT (Div 2) Figure 2−1. System-Clock Timing Requirements 2.4.1 Audio Interface (Master Mode) PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT tpd(2) Propagation delay, LRCIN/LRCOUT 0 10 ns tpd(3) Propagation delay, DOUT 0 10 ns tsu(1) Setup time, DIN 10 ns th(1) Hold time, DIN 10 ns BCLK LRCIN DIN tpd(2) tsu(1) th(1) tpd(3) DOUT LRCOUT Figure 2−2. Master-Mode Timing Requirements 2−6 2.4.2 Audio Interface (Slave-Mode) PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT tw(3) Pulse duration, BCLK High 20 ns tw(4) Low 20 tc(2) Clock period, BCLK 50 ns tpd(4) Propagation delay, DOUT 0 10 ns tsu(2) Setup time, DIN 10 ns th(2) Hold time, DIN 10 ns tsu(3) Setup time, LRCIN 10 ns th(3) Hold time, LRCIN 10 ns BCLK LRCIN DIN tc(2) tw(4) tw(3) tsu(3) tsu(2) th(3) th(2) DOUT tpd(2) LRCOUT Figure 2−3. Slave-Mode Timing Requirements 2−7 2.4.3 Three-Wire Control Interface (SDIN) PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT tw(5) Clock pulse duration, SCLK High 20 ns tw(6) Low 20 tc(3) Clock period, SCLK 80 ns tsu(4) Clock rising edge to CS rising edge, SCLK 60 ns tsu(5) Setup time, SDIN to SCLK 20 ns th(4) Hold time, SCLK to SDIN 20 ns tw(7) Pulse duration, CS High 20 ns tw(8) Low 20 LSB tw(8) tc(3) tw(5) tw(6) tsu(4) tsu(5) th(4) CS SCLK DIN Figure 2−4. Three-Wire Control Interface Timing Requirements 2.4.4 Two-Wire Control Interface PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT tw(9) Clock pulse duration, SCLK High 1.3 μs tw(10) Low 600 ns f(sf) Clock frequency, SCLK 0 400 kHz th(5) Hold time (start condition) 600 ns tsu(6) Setup time (start condition) 600 ns th(6) Data hold time 900 ns tsu(7) Data setup time 100 ns tr Rise time, SDIN, SCLK 300 ns tf Fall time, SDIN, SCLK 300 ns tsu(8) Setup time (stop condition) 600 ns tsp Pulse width of spikes suppressed by input filter 0 50 ns SCLK DIN tw(9) tw(10) th(5) th(6) tsu(7) tsu(8) tsp Figure 2−5. Two-Wire Control Interface Timing Requirements 2−8 3−1 3 How to Use the TLV320AIC23B 3.1 Control Interfaces The TLV320AIC23B has many programmable features. The control interface is used to program the registers of the device. The control interface complies with SPI (three-wire operation) and two-wire operation specifications. The state of the MODE terminal selects the control interface type. The MODE pin must be hardwired to the required level. MODE INTERFACE 0 2-wire 1 SPI 3.1.1 SPI In SPI mode, SDIN carries the serial data, SCLK is the serial clock and CS latches the data word into the TLV320AIC23B. The interface is compatible with microcontrollers and DSPs with an SPI interface. A control word consists of 16 bits, starting with the MSB. The data bits are latched on the rising edge of SCLK. A rising edge on CS after the 16th rising clock edge latches the data word into the AIC (see Figure 3-1). The control word is divided into two parts. The first part is the address block, the second part is the data block: B[15:9] Control Address Bits B[8:0] Control Data Bits B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ MSB LSB CS SCLK SDIN Figure 3−1. SPI Timing 3.1.2 2-Wire In 2-wire mode, the data transfer uses SDIN for the serial data and SCLK for the serial clock. The start condition is a falling edge on SDIN while SCLK is high. The seven bits following the start condition determine which device on the 2-wire bus receives the data. R/W determines the direction of the data transfer. The TLV320AIC23B is a write only device and responds only if R/W is 0. The device operates only as a slave device whose address is selected by setting the state of the CS pin as follows. CS STATE (Default = 0) ADDRESS 0 0011010 1 0011011 3−2 The device that recognizes the address responds by pulling SDIN low during the ninth clock cycle, acknowledging the data transfer. The control follows in the next two eight-bit blocks. The stop condition after the data transfer is a rising edge on SDIN when SCLK is high (see Figure 3-2). The 16-bit control word is divided into two parts. The first part is the address block, the second part is the data block: B[15:9] Control Address Bits B[8:0] Control Data Bits SCLK SDI ADDR R/W ACK B15 − B8 ACK B7 − B0 ACK Start Stop 1 7 8 9 1 8 9 1 8 9 Figure 3−2. 2-Wire Compatible Timing 3.1.3 Register Map The TLV320AIC23B has the following set of registers, which are used to program the modes of operation. ADDRESS REGISTER 0000000 Left line input channel volume control 0000001 Right line input channel volume control 0000010 Left channel headphone volume control 0000011 Right channel headphone volume control 0000100 Analog audio path control 0000101 Digital audio path control 0000110 Power down control 0000111 Digital audio interface format 0001000 Sample rate control 0001001 Digital interface activation 0001111 Reset register Left line input channel volume control (Address: 0000000) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function LRS LIM X X LIV4 LIV3 LIV2 LIV1 LIV0 Default 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 LRS Left/right line simultaneous volume/mute update Simultaneous update 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled LIM Left line input mute 0 = Normal 1 = Muted LIV[4:0] Left line input volume control (10111 = 0 dB default) 11111 = +12 dB down to 00000 = –34.5 dB in 1.5-dB steps X Reserved 3−3 Right Line Input Channel Volume Control (Address: 0000001) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function RLS RIM X X RIV4 RIV3 RIV2 RIV1 RIV0 Default 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 RLS Right/left line simultaneous volume/mute update Simultaneous update 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled RIM Right line input mute 0 = Normal 1 = Muted RIV[4:0] Right line input volume control (10111 = 0 dB default) 11111 = +12 dB down to 00000 = –34.5 dB in 1.5-dB steps X Reserved Left Channel Headphone Volume Control (Address: 0000010) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function LRS LZC LHV6 LHV5 LHV4 LHV3 LHV2 LHV1 LHV0 Default 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 LRS Left/right headphone channel simultaneous volume/mute update Simultaneous update 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled LZC Left-channel zero-cross detect Zero-cross detect 0 = Off 1 = On LHV[6:0] Left Headphone volume control (1111001 = 0 dB default) 1111111 = +6 dB, 79 steps between +6 dB and −73 dB (mute), 0110000 = −73 dB (mute), any thing below 0110000 does nothing − you are still muted Right Channel Headphone Volume Control (Address: 0000011) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function RLS RZC RHV6 RHV5 RHV4 RHV3 RHV2 RHV1 RHV0 Default 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 RLS Right/left headphone channel simultaneous volume/mute Update Simultaneous update 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled RZC Right-channel zero-cross detect Zero-cross detect 0 = Off 1 = On RHV[6:0] Right headphone volume control (1111001 = 0 dB default) 1111111 = +6 dB, 79 steps between +6 dB and −73 dB (mute), 0110000 = −73 dB (mute), any thing below 0110000 does nothing − you are still muted Analog Audio Path Control (Address: 0000100) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function STA2 STA1 STA0 STE DAC BYP INSEL MICM MICB Default 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 STA[2:0] and STE STE STA2 STA1 STA0 ADDED SIDETONE 1 1 X X 0 dB 1 0 0 0 −6 dB 1 0 0 1 −9 dB 1 0 1 0 −12 dB 1 0 1 1 −18 dB 0 X X X Disabled DAC DAC select 0 = DAC off 1 = DAC selected BYP Bypass 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled 3−4 INSEL Input select for ADC 0 = Line 1 = Microphone MICM Microphone mute 0 = Normal 1 = Muted MICB Microphone boost 0=dB 1 = 20dB X Reserved Digital Audio Path Control (Address: 0000101) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function X X X X X DACM DEEMP1 DEEMP0 ADCHP Default 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 DACM DAC soft mute 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled DEEMP[1:0] De-emphasis control 00 = Disabled 01 = 32 kHz 10 = 44.1 kHz 11 = 48 kHz ADCHP ADC high-pass filter 1 = Disabled 0 = Enabled X Reserved Power Down Control (Address: 0000110) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function X OFF CLK OSC OUT DAC ADC MIC LINE Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 OFF Device power 0 = On 1 = Off CLK Clock 0 = On 1 = Off OSC Oscillator 0 = On 1 = Off OUT Outputs 0 = On 1 = Off DAC DAC 0 = On 1 = Off ADC ADC 0 = On 1 = Off MIC Microphone input 0 = On 1 = Off LINE Line input 0 = On 1 = Off X Reserved Digital Audio Interface Format (Address: 0000111) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function X X MS LRSWAP LRP IWL1 IWL0 FOR1 FOR0 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MS Master/slave mode 0 = Slave 1 = Master LRSWAP DAC left/right swap 0 = Disabled 1 = Enabled LRP DAC left/right phase 0 = Right channel on, LRCIN high 1 = Right channel on, LRCIN low DSP mode 1 = MSB is available on 2nd BCLK rising edge after LRCIN rising edge 0 = MSB is available on 1st BCLK rising edge after LRCIN rising edge IWL[1:0] Input bit length 00 = 16 bit 01 = 20 bit 10 = 24 bit 11 = 32 bit FOR[1:0] Data format 11 = DSP format, frame sync followed by two data words 10 = I2S format, MSB first, left – 1 aligned 01 = MSB first, left aligned 00 = MSB first, right aligned X Reserved NOTES: 1. In Master mode, the TLV320AIC23B supplies the BCLK, LRCOUT, and LRCIN. In Slave mode, BCLK, LRCOUT, and LRCIN are supplied to the TLV320AIC23B. 2. In normal mode, BCLK = MCLK/4 for all sample rates except for 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz. For 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz sample rate, BCLK = MCLK. 3. In USB mode, bit BCLK = MCLK 3−5 Sample Rate Control (Address: 0001000) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function X CLKOUT CLKIN SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR USB/Normal Default 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 CLKIN Clock input divider 0 = MCLK 1 = MCLK/2 CLKOUT Clock output divider 0 = MCLK 1 = MCLK/2 SR[3:0] Sampling rate control (see Sections 3.3.2.1 AND 3.3.2.2) BOSR Base oversampling rate USB mode: 0 = 250 fs 1 = 272 fs Normal mode: 0 = 256 fs 1 = 384 fs USB/Normal Clock mode select: 0 = Normal 1 = USB X Reserved Digital Interface Activation (Address: 0001001) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function X RES RES X X X X X ACT Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ACT Activate interface 0 = Inactive 1 = Active X Reserved Reset Register (Address: 0001111) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function RES RES RES RES RES RES RES RES RES Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RES Write 000000000 to this register triggers reset 3.2 Analog Interface 3.2.1 Line Inputs The TLV320AIC23B has line inputs for the left and the right audio channels (RLINEIN and LLINEIN). Both line inputs have independently programmable volume controls and mutes. Active and passive filters for the two channels prevent high frequencies from folding back into the audio band. The line-input gain is logarithmically adjustable from 12 dB to –34.5 dB in 1.5-dB steps. The ADC full-scale range is 1.0 VRMS at AVDD = 3.3 V. The full-scale range tracks linearly with analog supply voltage AVDD. To avoid distortions, it is important not to exceed the full-scale range. The gain is independently programmable on both left and right line-inputs. To reduce the number of software write cycles required. Both channels can be locked to the same value by setting the RLS and LRS bits (see Section 3.1.3). The line inputs are biased internally to VMID. When the line inputs are muted or the device is set to standby mode, the line inputs are kept biased to VMID using special antithump circuitry. This reduces audible clicks that otherwise might be heard when reactivating the inputs. For interfacing to a CD system, the line input should be scaled to 1 VRMS to avoid clipping, using the circuit shown in Figure 3-3. R 2 R1 C1 C2 + CDIN LINEIN AGND Where: R1 = 5 kΩ R2 = 5 kΩ C1 = 47 pF C2 = 470 nF Figure 3−3. Analog Line Input Circuit R1 and R2 divide the input signal by two, reducing the 2 VRMS from the CD player to the nominal 1 VRMS of the AIC23B inputs. C1 filters high-frequency noise, and C2 removes any dc component from the signal. 3−6 3.2.2 Microphone Input MICIN is a high-impedance, low-capacitance input that is compatible with a wide range of microphones. It has a programmable volume control and a mute function. Active and passive filters prevent high frequencies from folding back into the audio band. The MICIN signal path has two gain stages. The first stage has a nominal gain of G1 = 50 k/10 k = 5. By adding an external resistor (RMIC) in series with MICIN, the gain of the first stage can be adjusted by G1 = 50 k/(10 k + RMIC). For example, RMIC = 40 k gives a gain of 0 dB. The second stage has a software programmable gain of 0 dB or 20 dB (see Section 3.1.3). 50 kΩ 10 kΩ VMID 0 dB/20 dB To ADC MICIN Figure 3−4. Microphone Input Circuit The microphone input is biased internally to VMID. When the line inputs are muted, the MICIN input is kept biased to VMID using special antithump circuitry. This reduces audible clicks that may otherwise be heard when reactivating the input. The MICBIAS output provides a low-noise reference voltage suitable for biasing electret type microphones and the associated external resistor biasing network. The maximum source current capability is 3 mA. This limits the smallest value of external biasing resistors that safely can be used. The MICBIAS output is not active in standby mode. 3.2.3 Line Outputs The TLV320AIC23B has two low-impedance line outputs (LLINEOUT and RLINEOUT) capable of driving line loads with 10-kΩ and 50-pF impedances. The DAC full-scale output voltage is 1.0 VRMS at AVDD = 3.3 V. The full-scale range tracks linearly with the analog supply voltage AVDD. The DAC is connected to the line outputs via a low-pass filter that removes out-of-band components. No further external filtering is required in most applications. The DAC outputs, line inputs, and the microphone signal are summed into the line outputs. These sources can be switched off independently. For example, in bypass mode, the line inputs are routed to the line outputs, bypassing the ADC and the DAC. If sidetone is enabled, the microphone signal is routed to both line outputs via a four-step programmable attenuation circuit. The line outputs are muted by either muting the DAC (analog) or soft muting (digital) and disabling the bypass and sidetone paths (see Section 3.1.3). 3.2.4 Headphone Output The TLV320AIC23B has stereo headphone outputs (LHPOUT and RHPOUT), and is designed to drive 16-Ω or 32-Ω headphones. The headphone output includes a high-quality volume control and mute function. The headphone volume is logarithmically adjustable from 6 dB to –73 dB in 1-dB steps. Writing 000000 to the volume-control registers (see Section 3.1.3) mutes the headphone output. When the headphone output is muted or the device is placed in standby mode, the dc voltage is maintained at the outputs to prevent audible clicks. A zero-cross detection circuit is provided under the control of the LZC and RZC bits. If this circuit is enabled, the volume-control values are updated only when the input signal to the gain stage is close to the analog ground level. 3−7 This minimizes audible clicks as the volume is changed or the device is muted. This circuit has no time-out, so, if only dc levels are being applied to the gain stage input of more than 20 mV, the gain is not updated. The gain is independently programmable on the left and right channels. Both channels can be locked to the same value by setting the RLS and LRS bits (see Section 3.1.3). 3.2.5 Analog Bypass Mode The TLV320AIC23B includes a bypass mode in which the analog line inputs are directly routed to the analog line outputs, bypassing the ADC and DAC. This is enabled by selecting the bypass bit in the analog audio path control register[see Section 3.1.3). For a true bypass mode, the output from the DAC and the sidetone should be disabled. The line input and headphone output volume controls and mutes are still operational in bypass mode. Therefore the line inputs, DAC output, and microphone input can be summed together. The maximum signal at any point in the bypass path must be no greater than 1.0Vrms at AVDD=3.3V to avoid clipping and distortion. This amplitude tracks linearly with AVDD. 3.2.6 Sidetone Insertion The TLV320AIC23B has a sidetone insertion made where the microphone input is routed to the line and headphone outputs. This is useful for telephony and headset applications. The attenuation of the sidetone signal may be set to −6 dB, −9 dB, −12 dB, −15 dB, or 0dB, by software selection (see Section 3.1.3). If this mode is used to sum the microphone input with the DAC output and line inputs, care must be taken not to exceed signal level to avoid clipping and distortion. 3.3 Digital Audio Interface 3.3.1 Digital Audio-Interface Modes The TLV320AIC23B supports four audio-interface modes. • Right justified • Left justified • I2S mode • DSP mode The four modes are MSB first and operate with a variable word width between 16 to 32 bits (except right-justified mode, which does not support 32 bits). The digital audio interface consists of clock signal BCLK, data signals DIN and DOUT, and synchronization signals LRCIN and LRCOUT. BCLK is an output in master mode and an input in slave mode. 3.3.1.1 Right-Justified Mode In right-justified mode, the LSB is available on the rising edge of BCLK, preceding a falling edge on LRCIN or LRCOUT (see Figure 3-5). LRCIN/ BCLK DIN/ n n−1 1 0 n n−1 1/fs Left Channel Right Channel 0 1 0 MSB LSB LRCOUT DOUT Figure 3−5. Right-Justified Mode Timing 3.3.1.2 Left-Justified Mode In left-justified mode, the MSB is available on the rising edge of BCLK, following a rising edge on LRCIN or LRCOUT (see Figure 3-6) 3−8 LRCIN/ BCLK DIN/ n n−1 1 0 n n−1 1/fs Left Channel Right Channel 1 0 n MSB LSB LRCOUT DOUT Figure 3−6. Left-Justified Mode Timing 3.3.1.3 I2S Mode In I2S mode, the MSB is available on the second rising edge of BCLK, after the falling edge on LRCIN or LRCOUT (see Figure 3-7). LRCIN/ BCLK DIN/ n n−1 1 0 n n−1 1/fs Left Channel Right Channel 1 0 MSB LSB 1BCLK LRCOUT DOUT Figure 3−7. I2S Mode Timing 3.3.1.4 DSP Mode The DSP mode is compatible with the McBSP ports of TI DSPs. LRCIN and LRCOUT must be connected to the Frame Sync signal of the McBSP. A falling edge on LRCIN or LRCOUT starts the data transfer. The left-channel data consists of the first data word, which is immediately followed by the right channel data word (see Figure 3-8). Input word length is defined by the IWL register. Figure 3−8 shows LRP = 1 (default LRP = 0). LRCIN/ BCLK DIN/ n n−1 1 0 n n−1 Left Channel Right Channel 1 0 MSB LSB MSB LSB LRCOUT DOUT Figure 3−8. DSP Mode Timing 3−9 3.3.2 Audio Sampling Rates The TLV320AIC23B can operate in master or slave clock mode. In the master mode, the TLV320AIC23B clock and sampling rates are derived from a 12-MHz MCLK signal. This 12-MHz clock signal is compatible with the USB specification. The TLV320AIC23B can be used directly in a USB system. In the slave mode, an appropriate MCLK or crystal frequency and the sample rate control register settings control the TLV320AIC23B clock and sampling rates. The settings in the sample rate control register control the clock mode and sampling rates. Sample Rate Control (Address: 0001000) BIT D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function X CLKOUT CLKIN SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR USB/Normal Default 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 CLKOUT Clock output divider 0 = MCLK 1 = MCLK/2 CLKIN Clock input divider 0 = MCLK 1 = MCLK/2 SR[3:0] Sampling rate control (see Sections 3.3.2.1 and 3.3.2.2) BOSR Base oversampling rate USB mode: 0 = 250 fs 1 = 272 fs Normal mode: 0 = 256 fs 1 = 384 fs USB/Normal Clock mode select: 0 = Normal 1 = USB X Reserved The clock circuit of the AIC23B has two internal dividers. The first, controlled by CLKIN, applies to the sampling-rate generator of the codec. The second, controlled by CLKOUT, applies only to the CLKOUT terminal. By setting CLKIN to 1, the entire codec is clocked with half the frequency, effectively dividing the resulting sampling rates by two. The following sampling-rate tables are based on CLKIN = MCLK. 3.3.2.1 USB-Mode Sampling Rates (MCLK = 12 MHz) In the USB mode, the following ADC and DAC sampling rates are available: SAMPLING RATE† SAMPLING-RATE CONTROL SETTINGS ADC DAC FILTER TYPE (kHz) (kHz) SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR 96 96 3 0 1 1 1 0 88.2 88.2 2 1 1 1 1 1 48 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 44.1 44.1 1 1 0 0 0 1 32 32 0 0 1 1 0 0 8.021 8.021 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 8 0 0 0 1 1 0 48 8 0 0 0 0 1 0 44.1 8.021 1 1 0 0 1 1 8 48 0 0 0 1 0 0 8.021 44.1 1 1 0 1 0 1 † The sampling rates are derived from the 12-MHz master clock. The available oversampling rates do not produce exactly 8-kHz, 44.1-kHz, and 88.2-kHz sampling rates, but 8.021 kHz, 44.117 kHz, and 88.235 kHz, respectively. See Figures 3−17 through 3−34 for filter responses 3−10 3.3.2.2 Normal-Mode Sampling Rates In normal mode, the following ADC and DAC sampling rates, depending on the MCLK frequency, are available: MCLK = 12.288 MHz SAMPLING RATE SAMPLING-RATE CONTROL SETTINGS ADC DAC FILTER TYPE (kHz) (kHz) SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR 96 96 2 0 1 1 1 0 48 48 1 0 0 0 0 0 32 32 1 0 1 1 0 0 8 8 1 0 0 1 1 0 48 8 1 0 0 0 1 0 8 48 1 0 0 1 0 0 MCLK = 11.2896 MHz SAMPLING RATE SAMPLING-RATE CONTROL SETTINGS ADC DAC FILTER TYPE (kHz) (kHz) SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR 88.2 88.2 2 1 1 1 1 0 44.1 44.1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8.021 8.021 1 1 0 1 1 0 44.1 8.021 1 1 0 0 1 0 8.021 44.1 1 1 0 1 0 0 MCLK = 18.432 MHz SAMPLING RATE SAMPLING-RATE CONTROL SETTINGS ADC DAC FILTER TYPE (kHz) (kHz) SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR 96 96 2 0 1 1 1 1 48 48 1 0 0 0 0 1 32 32 1 0 1 1 0 1 8 8 1 0 0 1 1 1 48 8 1 0 0 0 1 1 8 48 1 0 0 1 0 1 MCLK = 16.9344 MHz SAMPLING RATE SAMPLING-RATE CONTROL SETTINGS ADC DAC FILTER TYPE (kHz) (kHz) SR3 SR2 SR1 SR0 BOSR 88.2 88.2 2 1 1 1 1 1 44.1 44.1 1 1 0 0 0 1 8.021 8.021 1 1 0 1 1 1 44.1 8.021 1 1 0 0 1 1 8.021 44.1 1 1 0 1 0 1 3−11 3.3.3 Digital Filter Characteristics PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT ADC Filter Characteristics ( TI DSP 250 fs Mode Operation ) Passband ±0.05 dB 0.416 fs Hz Stopband −6 dB 0.5 fs Hz Passband ripple ±0.05 dB Stopband attenuation f > 0.584 fs −60 dB ADC Filter Characteristics ( TI DSP 272 fs and Normal Mode Operation ) Passband ±0.05 dB 0.4535 fs Hz Stopband −6 dB 0.5 fs Hz Passband ripple ±0.05 dB Stopband attenuation f > 0.5465 fs −60 dB ADC High-Pass Filter Characteristics −3 dB, fs = 44.1 kHz 3.7 Hz −3 dB, fs = 48 kHz 4.0 Hz Corner frequency −0.5 dB, fs = 44.1 kHz 10.4 Hz −0.5 dB, fs = 48 kHz 11.3 Hz −0.1 dB fs = 44.1 kHz 21.6 Hz −0.1 dB, fs = 48 kHz 23.5 Hz DAC Filter Characteristics (48-kHz Sampling Rate) Passband ±0.03 dB 0.416 fs Hz Stopband −6 dB 0.5 fs Hz Passband ripple ±0.03 dB Stopband attenuation f > 0.584 fs −50 dB DAC Filter Characteristics (44.1-kHz Sampling Rate) Passband ±0.03 dB 0.4535 fs Hz Stopband −6 dB 0.5 fs Hz Passband ripple ±0.03 dB Stopband attenuation f > 0.5465 fs −50 dB 3−12 −6 −8 −10 Filter Response − dB −4 −2 Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY 0.4 0.5 Figure 3−9. Digital De-Emphasis Filter Response − 44.1 kHz Sampling −6 −8 −10 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 Filter Response − dB −4 −2 Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency 0 0.40 0.50 FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−10. Digital De-Emphasis Filter Response − 48 kHz Sampling 3−13 −70 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 −50 −10 10 2 2.5 3 −30 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−11. ADC Digital Filter Response 0: USB Mode (Group Delay = 12 Output Samples) −0.04 −0.10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.08 0.10 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.06 0.04 0.02 −0.02 −0.06 −0.08 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−12. ADC Digital Filter Ripple 0: USB (Group Delay = 20 Output Samples) 3−14 −50 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 −30 −10 10 2.5 3 −70 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−13. ADC Digital Filter Response 1: USB Mode Only −0.04 −0.10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.08 0.10 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.06 0.04 0.02 −0.02 −0.06 −0.08 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−14. ADC Digital Filter Ripple 1: USB Mode Only 3−15 −70 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 −50 −10 10 2 2.5 3 −30 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−15. ADC Digital Filter Response 2: USB mode and Normal Modes (Group Delay = 3 Output Samples) −0.2 −0.4 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.2 0.1 −0.1 −0.3 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−16. ADC Digital Filter Ripple 2: USB Mode and Normal Modes 3−16 −50 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 −30 −10 10 2 2.5 3 −70 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−17. ADC Digital Filter Response 3: USB Mode Only −0.2 −0.4 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.2 0.1 −0.1 −0.3 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−18. ADC Digital Filter Ripple 3: USB Mode Only 3−17 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 10 2 2.5 3 −10 −30 −50 −70 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−19. DAC Digital Filter Response 0: USB Mode −0.04 −0.10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.08 0.10 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.06 0.04 0.02 −0.02 −0.06 −0.08 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−20. DAC Digital Filter Ripple 0: USB Mode 3−18 −50 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 −30 −10 10 2 2.5 3 −70 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−21. DAC Digital Filter Response 1: USB Mode Only −0.04 −0.10 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.04 0.02 0 −0.02 −0.06 −0.08 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−22. DAC Digital Filter Ripple 1: USB Mode Only 3−19 −50 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 −30 −10 10 2 2.5 3 −70 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−23. DAC Digital Filter Response 2: USB Mode and Normal Modes −0.2 −0.4 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.1 0 −0.1 −0.3 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−24. DAC Digital Filter Ripple 2: USB Mode and Normal Modes 3−20 −70 −90 0 0.5 1 1.5 −30 −10 10 2 2.5 3 −50 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−25. DAC Digital Filter Response 3: USB Mode Only −0.2 −0.4 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.2 0.1 −0.1 −0.3 Filter Response − dB Normalized Audio Sampling Frequency FILTER RESPONSE vs NORMALIZED AUDIO SAMPLING FREQUENCY Figure 3−26. DAC Digital Filter Ripple 3: USB Mode Only The delay between the converter is a function of the sample rate. The group delays for the AIC23B are shown in the following table. Each delay is one LR clock (1/sample rate). Table 3−1. Group Dealys FILTER GROUP DELAY DAC type 0 11 DAC type 1 18 DAC type 2 5 DAC type 3 5 ADC type 0 12 ADC type 1 20 ADC type 2 3 ADC type 3 6 A−1 Appendix A Mechanical Data GQE/ZQE (S-PBGA-N80) PLASTIC BALL GRID ARRAY 5 6 7 8 9 J H G F E D 1 2 3 C B A 4 4,00 TYP 5,10 4,90 SQ 0,50 0,50 4200461/C 10/00 Seating Plane 0,62 0,68 0,25 0,35 1,00 MAX ∅ 0,05 M 0,08 0,11 0,21 NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. MicroStar Junior BGA configuration D. Falls within JEDEC MO-225 MicroStar Junior is a trademark of Texas Instruments. A−2 PW (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 14 PINS SHOWN 0,65 0,10 M 0,10 0,25 0,50 0,75 0,15 NOM Gage Plane 28 9,80 9,60 24 7,90 7,70 16 20 6,60 6,40 4040064/F 01/97 0,30 6,60 6,20 8 0,19 4,30 4,50 7 0,15 14 A 1 1,20 MAX 14 5,10 4,90 8 3,10 2,90 A MAX A MIN DIM PINS ** 0,05 4,90 5,10 Seating Plane 0°−8° NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15. D. Falls within JEDEC MO-153 A−3 RHD (S−PQFP−N28) PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK ÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉ B 0,08 C D 4204400/A 05/02 1 28 0,05 MAX SEATING PLANE 5,00 0,80 1,00 5,00 3,25 3,00 0,20 REF DIE PAD 3,00 A C SQ 1 28 0,65 280,45 0,50 0,18 0,30 0,10 M C A B EXPOSED THERMAL 0,435 0,435 0,18 0,18 PIN 1 INDEX AREA IDENTIFIER PIN 1 4 28 NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. QFN (Quad Flatpack No−Lead) Package configuration. D. The Package thermal performance may be enhanced by bonding the thermal die pad to an external thermal plane. This pad is electrically and thermally connected to the backside of the die and possibly selected ground leads. E. Package complies to JEDEC MO-220. PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples TLV320AIC23BGQE ACTIVE BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR GQE 80 360 TBD SNPB Level-2A-235C-4 WKS 0 to 70 AIC23BG TLV320AIC23BIGQE ACTIVE BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR GQE 80 360 TBD SNPB Level-2A-235C-4 WKS -40 to 85 AIC23BIG TLV320AIC23BIPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIRHD ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIRHDG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIRHDR ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 AIC23BI TLV320AIC23BIZQE ACTIVE BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR ZQE 80 360 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 AIC23BIZ TLV320AIC23BIZQER OBSOLETE BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR ZQE 80 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 AIC23BIZ TLV320AIC23BPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 28 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 AIC23B PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 2 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples TLV320AIC23BRHD ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BRHDG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BRHDR ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BRHDRG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHD 28 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 AIC23B TLV320AIC23BZQE ACTIVE BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR ZQE 80 360 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-3-260C-168 HR 0 to 70 AIC23BZ TLV320AIC23BZQER ACTIVE BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR ZQE 80 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SNAGCU Level-3-260C-168 HR 0 to 70 AIC23BZ (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. 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OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF TLV320AIC23B : • Automotive: TLV320AIC23B-Q1 NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: • Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant TLV320AIC23BIPWR TSSOP PW 28 2000 330.0 16.4 6.9 10.2 1.8 12.0 16.0 Q1 TLV320AIC23BIRHDR VQFN RHD 28 3000 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TLV320AIC23BPWR TSSOP PW 28 2000 330.0 16.4 6.9 10.2 1.8 12.0 16.0 Q1 TLV320AIC23BRHDR VQFN RHD 28 3000 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TLV320AIC23BZQER BGA MI CROSTA R JUNI OR ZQE 80 2500 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 8-May-2013 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TLV320AIC23BIPWR TSSOP PW 28 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 TLV320AIC23BIRHDR VQFN RHD 28 3000 338.1 338.1 20.6 TLV320AIC23BPWR TSSOP PW 28 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 TLV320AIC23BRHDR VQFN RHD 28 3000 338.1 338.1 20.6 TLV320AIC23BZQER BGA MICROSTAR JUNIOR ZQE 80 2500 338.1 338.1 20.6 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 8-May-2013 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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Products Applications Audio www.ti.com/audio Automotive and Transportation www.ti.com/automotive Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers DLP® Products www.dlp.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps DSP dsp.ti.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Industrial www.ti.com/industrial Interface interface.ti.com Medical www.ti.com/medical Logic logic.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Power Mgmt power.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video RFID www.ti-rfid.com OMAP Applications Processors www.ti.com/omap TI E2E Community e2e.ti.com Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated FEATURES High accuracy; supports IEC 60687/61036/61268 and IEC 62053-21/62053-22/62053-23 On-chip digital integrator enables direct interface to current sensors with di/dt output A PGA in the current channel allows direct interface to shunts and current transformers Active, reactive, and apparent energy; sampled waveform; current and voltage rms Less than 0.1% error in active energy measurement over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 at 25°C Positive-only energy accumulation mode available On-chip user programmable threshold for line voltage surge and SAG and PSU supervisory Digital calibration for power, phase, and input offset On-chip temperature sensor (±3°C typical) SPI® compatible serial interface Pulse output with programmable frequency Interrupt request pin (IRQ) and status register Reference 2.4 V with external overdrive capability Single 5 V supply, low power (25 mW typical) GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADE77531 features proprietary ADCs and DSP for high accuracy over large variations in environmental conditions and time. The ADE7753 incorporates two second-order 16-bit -Δ ADCs, a digital integrator (on CH1), reference circuitry, temperature sensor, and all the signal processing required to perform active, reactive, and apparent energy measurements, line-voltage period measurement, and rms calculation on the voltage and current. The selectable on-chip digital integrator provides direct interface to di/dt current sensors such as Rogowski coils, eliminating the need for an external analog integrator and resulting in excellent long-term stability and pre- cise phase matching between the current and voltage channels. The ADE7753 provides a serial interface to read data, and a pulse output frequency (CF), which is proportional to the active power. Various system calibration features, i.e., channel offset correction, phase calibration, and power calibration, ensure high accuracy. The part also detects short duration low or high voltage variations. The positive-only accumulation mode gives the option to accumulate energy only when positive power is detected. An internal no-load threshold ensures that the part does not exhibit any creep when there is no load. The zero-crossing output (ZX) produces a pulse that is synchronized to the zero-crossing point of the line voltage. This signal is used internally in the line cycle active and apparent energy accumulation modes, which enables faster calibration. The interrupt status register indicates the nature of the interrupt, and the interrupt enable register controls which event produces an output on the IRQ pin, an open-drain, active low logic output. The ADE7753 is available in a 20-lead SSOP package. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AVDD RESET DVDDDGND TEMP SENSOR ADC ADC DFC x2 ADE7753 LPF2 MULTIPLIER INTEGRATOR CLKIN CLKOUT DINDOUTSCLK REFIN/OUT CS IRQ AGND APOS[15:0] VAGAIN[11:0] VADIV[7:0] IRMSOS[11:0] VRMSOS[11:0] WGAIN[11:0] dt REGISTERS AND SERIAL INTERFACE CFNUM[11:0] CFDEN[11:0] 2.4V REFERENCE 4k PHCAL[5:0] HPF1 LPF1 02875-A-001 V1P V1N V2N V2P PGA PGA ZX SAG CF WDIV[7:0] % % 2 |x| Figure 1. 1U.S. Patents 5,745,323; 5,760,617; 5,862,069; 5,872,469. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 2 of 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 3 Specifications ..................................................................................... 4 Timing Characteristics ..................................................................... 6 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 7 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 7 Terminology ...................................................................................... 8 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 9 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 11 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 16 Analog Inputs .............................................................................. 16 di/dt Current Sensor and Digital Integrator ............................... 17 Zero-Crossing Detection ........................................................... 18 Period Measurement .................................................................. 19 Power Supply Monitor ............................................................... 19 Line Voltage Sag Detection ....................................................... 19 Peak Detection ............................................................................ 20 ADE7753 Interrupts ................................................................... 21 Temperature Measurement ....................................................... 22 ADE7753 Analog-to-Digital Conversion ................................ 22 Channel 1 ADC .......................................................................... 23 Channel 2 ADC .......................................................................... 25 Phase Compensation .................................................................. 27 Active Power Calculation .......................................................... 28 Energy Calculation ..................................................................... 29 Power Offset Calibration ........................................................... 31 Energy-to-Frequency Conversion............................................ 31 Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode ................................. 33 Positive-Only Accumulation Mode ......................................... 33 No-Load Threshold .................................................................... 33 Reactive Power Calculation ...................................................... 33 Sign of Reactive Power Calculation ......................................... 35 Apparent Power Calculation ..................................................... 35 Apparent Energy Calculation ................................................... 36 Line Apparent Energy Accumulation ...................................... 37 Energies Scaling .......................................................................... 38 Calibrating an Energy Meter Based on the ADE7753 ........... 38 CLKIN Frequency ...................................................................... 48 Suspending ADE7753 Functionality ....................................... 48 Checksum Register..................................................................... 48 ADE7753 Serial Interface .......................................................... 49 ADE7753 Registers ......................................................................... 52 ADE7753 Register Descriptions ................................................... 55 Communications Register ......................................................... 55 Mode Register (0x09) ................................................................. 55 Interrupt Status Register (0x0B), Reset Interrupt Status Register (0x0C), Interrupt Enable Register (0x0A) .............. 57 CH1OS Register (0x0D) ............................................................ 58 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 59 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 59 ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 3 of 60 REVISION HISTORY 1/10—Rev. B to Rev C Changes to Figure 1 ........................................................................... 1 Changes to t6 Parameter (Table 2) ................................................... 6 Added Endnote 1 to Table 4 ............................................................. 9 Changes to Figure 32 ...................................................................... 16 Changes to Period Measurement Section .................................... 19 Changes to Temperature Measurement Section ......................... 22 Changes to Figure 51 ...................................................................... 24 Changes to Channel 1 RMS Calculation Section ........................ 25 Added Table 7 .................................................................................. 25 Changes to Channel 2 RMS Calculation Section ........................ 26 Added Table 8 .................................................................................. 26 Changes to Figure 64 ...................................................................... 29 Changes to Apparent Power Calculation Section ....................... 35 1/09—Rev. A to Rev B Changes to Features Section ............................................................ 1 Changes to Zero-Crossing Detection Section and Period Measurement Section ..................................................................... 19 Changes to Channel 1 RMS Calculation Section, Channel 1 RMS Offset Compensation Section, and Equation 4 ................. 25 Changes to Figure 56 and Channel 2 RMS Calculation Section .............................................................................................. 26 Changes to Figure 57 ...................................................................... 27 Changes to Energy Calculation Section ....................................... 30 Changes to Energy-to-Frequency Conversion Section .............. 31 Changes to Apparent Energy Calculation Section...................... 36 Changes to Line Apparent Energy Accumulation Section ........ 37 Changes to Table 10 ........................................................................ 52 Changes to Table 12 ........................................................................ 56 Changes to Table 13 ........................................................................ 57 Changes to Ordering Guide ........................................................... 59 6/04—Rev. 0 to Rev A Changes IEC Standards .................................................................... 1 Changes to Phase Error Between Channels Definition ............... 7 Changes to Figure 24 ...................................................................... 13 Changes to CH2OS Register .......................................................... 16 Change to the Period Measurement Section ............................... 18 Change to Temperature Measurement Section ........................... 21 Changes to Figure 69 ...................................................................... 31 Changes to Figure 71 ...................................................................... 33 Changes to the Apparent Energy Section .................................... 36 Changes to Energies Scaling Section ............................................ 37 Changes to Calibration Section ..................................................... 37 8/03—Revision 0: Initial Version ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 4 of 60 SPECIFICATIONS AVDD = DVDD = 5 V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, on-chip reference, CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz XTAL, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +85°C. See the plots in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Table 1. Parameter Spec Unit Test Conditions/Comments ENERGY MEASUREMENT ACCURACY Active Power Measurement Error CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz Channel 1 Range = 0.5 V Full Scale Channel 2 = 300 mV rms/60 Hz, gain = 2 Gain = 1 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 2 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 4 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 8 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Channel 1 Range = 0.25 V Full Scale Gain = 1 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 2 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 4 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 8 0.2 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Channel 1 Range = 0.125 V Full Scale Gain = 1 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 2 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 4 0.2 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Gain = 8 0.2 % typ Over a dynamic range 1000 to 1 Active Power Measurement Bandwidth 14 kHz Phase Error 1 between Channels1 ±0.05 max Line Frequency = 45 Hz to 65 Hz, HPF on AC Power Supply Rejection1 AVDD = DVDD = 5 V + 175 mV rms/120 Hz Output Frequency Variation (CF) 0.2 % typ Channel 1 = 20 mV rms, gain = 16, range = 0.5 V Channel 2 = 300 mV rms/60 Hz, gain = 1 DC Power Supply Rejection1 AVDD = DVDD = 5 V ± 250 mV dc Output Frequency Variation (CF) ±0.3 % typ Channel 1 = 20 mV rms/60 Hz, gain = 16, range = 0.5 V Channel 2 = 300 mV rms/60 Hz, gain = 1 IRMS Measurement Error 0.5 % typ Over a dynamic range 100 to 1 IRMS Measurement Bandwidth 14 kHz VRMS Measurement Error 0.5 % typ Over a dynamic range 20 to 1 VRMS Measurement Bandwidth 140 Hz ANALOG INPUTS2 See the Analog Inputs section Maximum Signal Levels ±0.5 V max V1P, V1N, V2N, and V2P to AGND Input Impedance (dc) 390 k min Bandwidth 14 kHz CLKIN/256, CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz Gain Error1, 2 External 2.5 V reference, gain = 1 on Channels 1 and 2 Channel 1 Range = 0.5 V Full Scale ±4 % typ V1 = 0.5 V dc Range = 0.25 V Full Scale ±4 % typ V1 = 0.25 V dc Range = 0.125 V Full Scale ±4 % typ V1 = 0.125 V dc Channel 2 ±4 % typ V2 = 0.5 V dc Offset Error1 ±32 mV max Gain 1 Channel 1 ±13 mV max Gain 16 ±32 mV max Gain 1 Channel 2 ±13 mV max Gain 16 WAVEFORM SAMPLING Sampling CLKIN/128, 3.579545 MHz/128 = 27.9 kSPS Channel 1 See the Channel 1 Sampling section Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion 62 dB typ 150 mV rms/60 Hz, range = 0.5 V, gain = 2 Bandwidth(–3 dB) 14 kHz CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 5 of 60 Parameter Spec Unit Test Conditions/Comments Channel 2 See the Channel 2 Sampling section Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion 60 dB typ 150 mV rms/60 Hz, gain = 2 Bandwidth (–3 dB) 140 Hz CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz REFERENCE INPUT REFIN/OUT Input Voltage Range 2.6 V max 2.4 V + 8% 2.2 V min 2.4 V – 8% Input Capacitance 10 pF max ON-CHIP REFERENCE Nominal 2.4 V at REFIN/OUT pin Reference Error ±200 mV max Current Source 10 μA max Output Impedance 3.4 kΩ min Temperature Coefficient 30 ppm/°C typ CLKIN All specifications CLKIN of 3.579545 MHz Input Clock Frequency 4 MHz max 1 MHz min LOGIC INPUTS RESET, DIN, SCLK, CLKIN, and CS Input High Voltage, VINH 2.4 V min DVDD = 5 V ± 10% Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.8 V max DVDD = 5 V ± 10% Input Current, IIN ±3 μA max Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V to DVDD Input Capacitance, CIN 10 pF max LOGIC OUTPUTS SAG and IRQ Open-drain outputs, 10 kΩ pull-up resistor Output High Voltage, VOH 4 V min ISOURCE = 5 mA Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.4 V max ISINK = 0.8 mA ZX and DOUT Output High Voltage, VOH 4 V min ISOURCE = 5 mA Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.4 V max ISINK = 0.8 mA CF Output High Voltage, VOH 4 V min ISOURCE = 5 mA Output Low Voltage, VOL 1 V max ISINK = 7 mA POWER SUPPLY For specified performance AVDD 4.75 V min 5 V – 5% 5.25 V max 5 V + 5% DVDD 4.75 V min 5 V – 5% 5.25 V max 5 V + 5% AIDD 3 mA max Typically 2.0 mA DIDD 4 mA max Typically 3.0 mA 1 See the Terminology section for explanation of specifications. 2 See the Analog Inputs section. +2.1V1.6mAIOHIOl200μACL50pF02875-0-002TOOUTPUTPIN Figure 2. Load Circuit for Timing Specifications ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 6 of 60 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS AVDD = DVDD = 5 V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, on-chip reference, CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz XTAL, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +85°C. Sample tested during initial release and after any redesign or process change that could affect this parameter. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90%) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V. See Figure 3, Figure 4, and the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. Table 2. Parameter Spec Unit Test Conditions/Comments Write Timing t1 50 ns (min) CS falling edge to first SCLK falling edge. t2 50 ns (min) SCLK logic high pulse width. t3 50 ns (min) SCLK logic low pulse width. t4 10 ns (min) Valid data setup time before falling edge of SCLK. t5 5 ns (min) Data hold time after SCLK falling edge. t6 4 μs (min) Minimum time between the end of data byte transfers. t7 50 ns (min) Minimum time between byte transfers during a serial write. t8 100 ns (min) CS hold time after SCLK falling edge. Read Timing t91 4 μs (min) Minimum time between read command (i.e., a write to communication register) and data read. t10 50 ns (min) Minimum time between data byte transfers during a multibyte read. t11 30 ns (min) Data access time after SCLK rising edge following a write to the communications register. t122 100 ns (max) Bus relinquish time after falling edge of SCLK. 10 ns (min) t133 100 ns (max) Bus relinquish time after rising edge of CS. 10 ns (min) 1 Minimum time between read command and data read for all registers except waveform register, which is t9 = 500 ns min. 2 Measured with the load circuit in Figure 2 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8 V or 2.4 V. 3 Derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit in Figure 2. The measured number is then extrapolated back to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the time quoted in the timing characteristics is the true bus relinquish time of the part and is independent of the bus loading. DINSCLKCSt2t3t1t4t5t7t6t8COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE10A4A5A3A2A1A0DB7DB0DB7DB0t702875-0-081 Figure 3. Serial Write Timing SCLKCSt1t10t1300A4A5A3A2A1A0DB0DB7DB0DB7DINDOUTt11t11t12COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTEt902875-0-083 Figure 4. Serial Read Timing ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 7 of 60 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter Rating AVDD to AGND –0.3 V to +7 V DVDD to DGND –0.3 V to +7 V DVDD to AVDD –0.3 V to +0.3 V Analog Input Voltage to AGND, V1P, V1N, V2P, and V2N –6 V to +6 V Reference Input Voltage to AGND –0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V Digital Input Voltage to DGND –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V Digital Output Voltage to DGND –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V Operating Temperature Range Industrial –40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range –65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature 150°C 20-Lead SSOP, Power Dissipation 450 mW θJA Thermal Impedance 112°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec) 215°C Infrared (15 sec) 220°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 8 of 60 TERMINOLOGY Measurement Error The error associated with the energy measurement made by the ADE7753 is defined by the following formula: %1007753×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−=EnergyTrueEnergyTrueADERegisterEnergyErrorPercentage Phase Error between Channels The digital integrator and the high-pass filter (HPF) in Channel 1 have a non-ideal phase response. To offset this phase response and equalize the phase response between channels, two phase-correction networks are placed in Channel 1: one for the digital integrator and the other for the HPF. The phase correction networks correct the phase response of the corresponding component and ensure a phase match between Channel 1 (current) and Channel 2 (voltage) to within ±0.1° over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz with the digital integrator off. With the digital integrator on, the phase is corrected to within ±0.4° over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz. Power Supply Rejection This quantifies the ADE7753 measurement error as a percentage of reading when the power supplies are varied. For the ac PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when an ac (175 mV rms/120 Hz) signal is introduced onto the supplies. Any error introduced by this ac signal is expressed as a percentage of reading—see the Measurement Error definition. For the dc PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when the supplies are varied ±5%. Any error introduced is again expressed as a percentage of the reading. ADC Offset Error The dc offset associated with the analog inputs to the ADCs. It means that with the analog inputs connected to AGND, the ADCs still see a dc analog input signal. The magnitude of the offset depends on the gain and input range selection—see the Typical Performance Characteristics section. However, when HPF1 is switched on, the offset is removed from Channel 1 (current) and the power calculation is not affected by this offset. The offsets can be removed by performing an offset calibration—see the Analog Inputs section. Gain Error The difference between the measured ADC output code (minus the offset) and the ideal output code—see the Channel 1 ADC and Channel 2 ADC sections. It is measured for each of the input ranges on Channel 1 (0.5 V, 0.25 V, and 0.125 V). The difference is expressed as a percentage of the ideal code. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 9 of 60 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS V2N6V2P7AGND8REFIN/OUT9DGND10CLKINIRQSAGZXCF1514131211ADE7753TOP VIEW(Not to Scale)DVDD2AVDD3V1P4V1N5DOUTSCLKCSCLKOUT1918RESET1DIN20171602875-0-005 Figure 5. Pin Configuration (SSOP Package) Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 RESET1 Reset Pin for the ADE7753. A logic low on this pin holds the ADCs and digital circuitry (including the serial interface) in a reset condition. 2 DVDD Digital Power Supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the digital circuitry in the ADE7753. The supply voltage should be maintained at 5 V ± 5% for specified operation. This pin should be decoupled to DGND with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor. 3 AVDD Analog Power Supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the analog circuitry in the ADE7753. The supply should be maintained at 5 V ± 5% for specified operation. Every effort should be made to minimize power supply ripple and noise at this pin by the use of proper decoupling. The typical performance graphs show the power supply rejection performance. This pin should be decoupled to AGND with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor. 4, 5 V1P, V1N Analog Inputs for Channel 1. This channel is intended for use with a di/dt current transducer such as a Rogowski coil or another current sensor such as a shunt or current transformer (CT). These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with maximum differential input signal levels of ±0.5 V, ±0.25 V, and ±0.125 V, depending on the full-scale selection—see the Analog Inputs section. Channel 1 also has a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. The maximum signal level at these pins with respect to AGND is ±0.5 V. Both inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry, and, in addition, an overvoltage of ±6 V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage. 6, 7 V2N, V2P Analog Inputs for Channel 2. This channel is intended for use with the voltage transducer. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum differential signal level of ±0.5 V. Channel 2 also has a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. The maximum signal level at these pins with respect to AGND is ±0.5 V. Both inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry, and an overvoltage of ±6 V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage. 8 AGND Analog Ground Reference. This pin provides the ground reference for the analog circuitry in the ADE7753, i.e., ADCs and reference. This pin should be tied to the analog ground plane or the quietest ground reference in the system. This quiet ground reference should be used for all analog circuitry, for example, anti-aliasing filters, current and voltage transducers, etc. To keep ground noise around the ADE7753 to a minimum, the quiet ground plane should connected to the digital ground plane at only one point. It is acceptable to place the entire device on the analog ground plane. 9 REFIN/OUT Access to the On-Chip Voltage Reference. The on-chip reference has a nominal value of 2.4 V ± 8% and a typical temperature coefficient of 30 ppm/°C. An external reference source can also be connected at this pin. In either case, this pin should be decoupled to AGND with a 1 μF ceramic capacitor. 10 DGND Digital Ground Reference. This pin provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry in the ADE7753, i.e., multiplier, filters, and digital-to-frequency converter. Because the digital return currents in the ADE7753 are small, it is acceptable to connect this pin to the analog ground plane of the system. However, high bus capacitance on the DOUT pin could result in noisy digital current, which could affect performance. 11 CF Calibration Frequency Logic Output. The CF logic output gives active power information. This output is intended to be used for operational and calibration purposes. The full-scale output frequency can be adjusted by writing to the CFDEN and CFNUM registers—see the Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 10 of 60 Pin No. Mnemonic Description 12 ZX Voltage Waveform (Channel 2) Zero-Crossing Output. This output toggles logic high and logic low at the zero crossing of the differential signal on Channel 2—see the Zero-Crossing Detection section. 13 SAG This open-drain logic output goes active low when either no zero crossings are detected or a low voltage threshold (Channel 2) is crossed for a specified duration—see the Line Voltage Sag Detection section. 14 IRQ Interrupt Request Output. This is an active low open-drain logic output. Maskable interrupts include active energy register rollover, active energy register at half level, and arrivals of new waveform samples—see the ADE7753 Interrupts section. 15 CLKIN Master Clock for ADCs and Digital Signal Processing. An external clock can be provided at this logic input. Alternatively, a parallel resonant AT crystal can be connected across CLKIN and CLKOUT to provide a clock source for the ADE7753. The clock frequency for specified operation is 3.579545 MHz. Ceramic load capacitors of between 22 pF and 33 pF should be used with the gate oscillator circuit. Refer to the crystal manufacturer’s data sheet for load capacitance requirements. 16 CLKOUT A crystal can be connected across this pin and CLKIN as described for Pin 15 to provide a clock source for the ADE7753. The CLKOUT pin can drive one CMOS load when either an external clock is supplied at CLKIN or a crystal is being used. 17 CS Chip Select. Part of the 4-wire SPI serial interface. This active low logic input allows the ADE7753 to share the serial bus with several other devices—see the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. 18 SCLK Serial Clock Input for the Synchronous Serial Interface. All serial data transfers are synchronized to this clock—see the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. The SCLK has a Schmitt-trigger input for use with a clock source that has a slow edge transition time, for example, opto-isolator output. 19 DOUT Data Output for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted out at this pin on the rising edge of SCLK. This logic output is normally in a high impedance state unless it is driving data onto the serial data bus—see the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. 20 DIN Data Input for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted in at this pin on the falling edge of SCLK—see the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. 1 It is recommended to drive the RESET, SCLK, and CS pins with either a push-pull without an external series resistor or with an open-collector with a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor. Pull-down resistors are not recommended because under some conditions, they may interact with internal circuitry. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 11 of 60 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.5–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.40.20.10.50.40.3011010002875-0-006+85°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0.5GAIN = 1INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE+25°C, PF = 1–40°C, PF = 0.5 Figure 6. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.4–0.2–0.1–0.30.10.40.30.2011010002875-0-008+25°C, PF = 1GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE–40°C, PF = 1+85°C, PF = 1 Figure 7. Active Energy as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.6–0.2–0.40.20.80.60.4011010002875-0-009+85°C, PF = 0.5GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE–40°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 1+25°C, PF = 0.5 Figure 8. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.3–0.1–0.20.10.30.20110100GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFEXTERNAL REFERENCE+85°C, PF = 102875-0-010–40°C, PF = 1+25°C, PF = 1 Figure 9. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Temperature with External Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.6–0.2–0.40.20.60.40110100GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFEXTERNAL REFERENCE+85°C, PF = 0.502875-0-011–40°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 1 Figure 10. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with External Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.5–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.40.20.10.50.40.3011010002875-0-012+85°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0.5GAIN = 1INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE+25°C, PF = 0–40°C, PF = 0.5 Figure 11. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator Off ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 12 of 60 FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.5–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.40.20.10.50.40.3011010002875-0-013+85°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0.5GAIN = 1INTEGRATOR OFFEXTERNAL REFERENCE+25°C, PF = 0–40°C, PF = 0.5 Figure 12. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over Power Factor with External Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.20–0.10–0.05–0.150.050.200.150.10011010002875-0-014+85°C, PF = 0GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE–40°C, PF = 0+25°C, PF = 0 Figure 13. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.3–0.1–0.20.10.30.20110100GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE02875-0-015+25°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0–40°C, PF = 0.5+85°C, PF = 0.5 Figure 14. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.35–0.15–0.05–0.250.050.350.250.15110100GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFEXTERNAL REFERENCE02875-0-016–40°C, PF = 0+85°C, PF = 0+25°C, PF = 0 Figure 15. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Temperature with External Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.5–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.40.20.10.50.40.3011010002875-0-017GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFEXTERNAL REFERENCE+25°C, PF = 0+85°C, PF = 0.5–40°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0.5 Figure 16. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with External Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.3–0.1–0.20.10.30.20110100GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCE5.25V02875-0-0184.75V5.0V Figure 17. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Supply with Internal Reference and Integrator Off ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 13 of 60 LINE FREQUENCY (Hz)ERROR (%)45–0.1–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.80.40.20.10.80.605055606502875-0-019PF = 0.5GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFEXTERNAL REFERENCEPF = 1 Figure 18. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Frequency with External Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.5–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.40.20.10.50.40.3011010002875-0-020GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR OFFINTERNAL REFERENCEPF = 1PF = 0.5 Figure 19. IRMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) with Internal Reference and Integrator Off FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–1.0–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.80.40.21.00.80.6011010002875-0-022GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCE+25°C, PF = 0.5–40°C, PF = 0.5+85°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 1 Figure 20. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator On FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–1.0–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.80.40.21.00.80.6011010002875-0-023GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCE–40°C, PF = 185°C, PF = 125°C, PF = 1 Figure 21. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator On FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–1.0–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.80.40.21.00.80.6011010002875-0-024GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCE+85°C, PF = 0.5–40°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0.5+25°C, PF = 0 Figure 22. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator On FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–1.0–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.80.40.21.00.80.6011010002875-0-025GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCE+85°C, PF = 0–40°C, PF = 0+25°C, PF = 0 Figure 23. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator On ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 14 of 60 02875-0-026–2.0–1.5–1.0–0.500.51.01.52.02.53.0ERROR (%)4547495153555759616365FREQUENCY (Hz)GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCEPF = 0.5PF = 1 Figure 24. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator On FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.3–0.1–0.20.10.30.20110100GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCE5.25V02875-0-0274.75V5.0V Figure 25. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over Power Supply with Internal Reference and Integrator On FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)ERROR (%)0.1–0.5–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.40.20.10.50.40.3011010002875-0-028GAIN = 8INTEGRATOR ONINTERNAL REFERENCEPF = 1PF = 0.5 Figure 26. IRMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) with Internal Reference and Integrator On FULL-SCALE VOLTAGEERROR (%)1–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.80.40.20.80.601010002875-0-029GAIN = 1EXTERNAL REFERENCE Figure 27. VRMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) with External Reference 02875-0-087CH1 OFFSET (0p5V_1X) (mV)HITS–15–12–9–6–303642068 Figure 28. Channel 1 Offset (Gain = 1) ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 15 of 60 VDD10μF10μF10μF100nF100nFAVDDDVDDRESETDINDOUTSCLKCSCLKOUTCLKINIRQSAGZXCFAGNDDGNDV1PV1NV2NV2PREFIN/OUTU1ADE7753TOSPIBUS(USEDONLYFORCALIBRATION)22pF22pFY13.58MHzNOT CONNECTEDU3PS2501-1Idi/dt CURRENTSENSOR100Ω1kΩ33nF33nF100Ω1kΩ33nF33nF1kΩ33nF600kΩ110V1kΩ33nF100nFCHANNEL 1 GAIN = 8CHANNEL 2 GAIN = 1TOFREQUENCYCOUNTER02875-A-012 Figure 29. Test Circuit for Performance Curves with Integrator On CT TURN RATIO = 1800:1CHANNEL 2 GAIN = 1RB10Ω1.21ΩGAIN 1 (CH1)18NOT CONNECTEDVDD10μF1μF100nF100nFDINDOUTSCLKCSCLKOUTCLKINIRQSAGZXCFAGNDDGNDV1PV1NV2NV2PREFIN/OUTU1ADE7753TOSPIBUS(USEDONLYFORCALIBRATION)22pF22pFY13.58MHzU3PS2501-1ICURRENTTRANSFORMER1kΩ33nF1kΩ33nF1kΩ33nF600kΩ RB110V1kΩ33nF10μF100nFTOFREQUENCYCOUNTER02875-0-030AVDDDVDDRESET Figure 30. Test Circuit for Performance Curves with Integrator Off ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 16 of 60 THEORY OF OPERATION ANALOG INPUTS The ADE7753 has two fully differential voltage input channels. The maximum differential input voltage for input pairs V1P/V1N and V2P/V2N is ±0.5 V. In addition, the maximum signal level on analog inputs for V1P/V1N and V2P/ V2N is ±0.5 V with respect to AGND. Each analog input channel has a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with possible gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. The gain selections are made by writing to the gain register—see Figure 32. Bits 0 to 2 select the gain for the PGA in Channel 1, and the gain selection for the PGA in Channel 2 is made via Bits 5 to 7. Figure 31 shows how a gain selection for Channel 1 is made using the gain register. V1P V1N VIN K × VIN + GAIN[7:0] 7 6 543210 0 0 000000 7 6543210 0 0000000 GAIN (K) SELECTION OFFSET ADJUST (±50mV) CH1OS[7:0] BITS 0 to 5: SIGN MAGNITUDE CODED OFFSET CORRECTION BIT 6: NOT USED BIT 7: DIGITAL INTEGRATOR (ON = 1, OFF = 0; DEFAULT OFF) 02875-0-031 Figure 31. PGA in Channel 1 In addition to the PGA, Channel 1 also has a full-scale input range selection for the ADC. The ADC analog input range selection is also made using the gain register—see Figure 32. As mentioned previously, the maximum differential input voltage is 0.5 V. However, by using Bits 3 and 4 in the gain register, the maximum ADC input voltage can be set to 0.5 V, 0.25 V, or 0.125 V. This is achieved by adjusting the ADC reference—see the ADE7753 Reference Circuit section. Table 5 summarizes the maximum differential input signal level on Channel 1 for the various ADC range and gain selections. Table 5. Maximum Input Signal Levels for Channel 1 Max Signal ADC Input Range Selection Channel 1 0.5 V 0.25 V 0.125 V 0.5 V Gain = 1 − − 0.25 V Gain = 2 Gain = 1 − 0.125 V Gain = 4 Gain = 2 Gain = 1 0.0625 V Gain = 8 Gain = 4 Gain = 2 0.0313 V Gain = 16 Gain = 8 Gain = 4 0.0156 V − Gain = 16 Gain = 8 0.00781 V − − Gain = 16 GAIN REGISTER* CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 PGA CONTROL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ADDR: 0x0F *REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULTS PGA 2 GAIN SELECT 000 = × 1 001 = × 2 010 = × 4 011 = × 8 100 = × 16 PGA 1 GAIN SELECT 000 = × 1 001 = × 2 010 = × 4 011 = × 8 100 = × 16 CHANNEL 1 FULL-SCALE SELECT 00 = 0.5V 01 = 0.25V 10 = 0.125V 02875-0-032 Figure 32. ADE7753 Analog Gain Register It is also possible to adjust offset errors on Channel 1 and Channel 2 by writing to the offset correction registers, CH1OS and CH2OS, respectively. These registers allow channel offsets in the range ±20 mV to ±50 mV (depending on the gain setting) to be removed. Channel 1 and 2 offset registers are sign magni- tude coded. A negative number is applied to the Channel 1 offset register, CH1OS, for a negative offset adjustment. Note that the Channel 2 offset register is inverted. A negative number is applied to CH2OS for a positive offset adjustment. It is not necessary to perform an offset correction in an energy measure- ment application if HPF in Channel 1 is switched on. Figure 33 shows the effect of offsets on the real power calculation. As seen from Figure 33, an offset on Channel 1 and Channel 2 contributes a dc component after multiplication. Because this dc component is extracted by LPF2 to generate the active (real) power information, the offsets contribute an error to the active power calculation. This problem is easily avoided by enabling HPF in Channel 1. By removing the offset from at least one channel, no error component is generated at dc by the multiplication. Error terms at cos(ωt) are removed by LPF2 and by integration of the active power signal in the active energy register (AENERGY[23:0]) —see the Energy Calculation section. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 17 of 60 DC COMPONENT (INCLUDING ERROR TERM) IS EXTRACTED BY THE LPF FOR REAL POWER CALCULATION FREQUENCY (RAD/S) IOS × V VOS × I VOS × IOS V × I 2 0 ω 2ω 02875-0-033 Figure 33. Effect of Channel Offsets on the Real Power Calculation The contents of the offset correction registers are 6-bit, sign and magnitude coded. The weight of the LSB depends on the gain setting, i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. Table 6 shows the correctable offset span for each of the gain settings and the LSB weight (mV) for the offset correction registers. The maximum value that can be written to the offset correction registers is ±31d—see Figure 34. Figure 34 shows the relationship between the offset correction register contents and the offset (mV) on the analog inputs for a gain setting of 1. In order to perform an offset adjustment, the analog inputs should be first connected to AGND, and there should be no signal on either Channel 1 or Channel 2. A read from Channel 1 or Channel 2 using the waveform register indicates the offset in the channel. This offset can be canceled by writing an equal and opposite offset value to the Channel 1 offset register, or an equal value to the Channel 2 offset register. The offset correction can be confirmed by performing another read. Note when adjusting the offset of Channel 1, one should disable the digital integrator and the HPF. Table 6. Offset Correction Range—Channels 1 and 2 Gain Correctable Span LSB Size 1 ±50 mV 1.61 mV/LSB 2 ±37 mV 1.19 mV/LSB 4 ±30 mV 0.97 mV/LSB 8 ±26 mV 0.84 mV/LSB 16 ±24 mV 0.77 mV/LSB CH1OS[5:0] SIGN + 5 BITS +50mV OFFSET ADJUST 0x3F 0x00 0x1F –50mV 0mV SIGN + 5 BITS 01,1111b 11,1111b 02875-0-034 Figure 34. Channel 1 Offset Correction Range (Gain = 1) The current and voltage rms offsets can be adjusted with the IRMSOS and VRMSOS registers—see Channel 1 RMS Offset Compensation and Channel 2 RMS Offset Compensation sections. di/dt CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATOR A di/dt sensor detects changes in magnetic field caused by ac current. Figure 35 shows the principle of a di/dt current sensor. MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY CURRENT (DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT) + EMF (ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE) – INDUCED BY CHANGES IN MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (di/dt) 02875-0-035 Figure 35. Principle of a di/dt Current Sensor The flux density of a magnetic field induced by a current is directly proportional to the magnitude of the current. The changes in the magnetic flux density passing through a conductor loop generate an electromotive force (EMF) between the two ends of the loop. The EMF is a voltage signal, which is proportional to the di/dt of the current. The voltage output from the di/dt current sensor is determined by the mutual inductance between the current-carrying conductor and the di/dt sensor. The current signal needs to be recovered from the di/dt signal before it can be used. An integrator is therefore necessary to restore the signal to its original form. The ADE7753 has a built-in digital integrator to recover the current signal from the di/dt sensor. The digital integrator on Channel 1 is switched off by default when the ADE7753 is powered up. Setting the MSB of CH1OS register turns on the integrator. Figure 36 to Figure 39 show the magnitude and phase response of the digital integrator. FREQUENCY (Hz) 10 GAIN (dB) 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 102 103 02875-0-036 Figure 36. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 18 of 60 FREQUENCY (Hz)10210302875-0-037FREQ–88.0PHASE ( Degrees)–88.5–89.0–89.5–90.0–90.5 Figure 37. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator FREQUENCY (Hz)–1.0–6.0407045GAIN ( dB)50556065–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.5–4.5–5.5–3.0–4.0–5.002875-0-038 Figure 38. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz) –89.75–89.80–89.85–89.90–89.95–90.00FREQUENCY (Hz)PHASE (Degrees)40457050556065–90.05–89.7002875-0-039 Figure 39. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz) Note that the integrator has a –20 dB/dec attenuation and an approximately –90° phase shift. When combined with a di/dt sensor, the resulting magnitude and phase response should be a flat gain over the frequency band of interest. The di/dt sensor has a 20 dB/dec gain associated with it. It also generates signifi-cant high frequency noise, therefore a more effective anti-aliasing filter is needed to avoid noise due to aliasing—see the Antialias Filter section. When the digital integrator is switched off, the ADE7753 can be used directly with a conventional current sensor such as a current transformer (CT) or with a low resistance current shunt. ZERO-CROSSING DETECTION The ADE7753 has a zero-crossing detection circuit on Channel 2. This zero crossing is used to produce an external zero-crossing signal (ZX), and it is also used in the calibration mode—see the Calibrating an Energy Meter Based on the ADE7753 section. The zero-crossing signal is also used to initiate a temperature measurement on the ADE7753—see the Temperature Measurement section. Figure 40 shows how the zero-crossing signal is generated from the output of LPF1. ×1,×2,×1,×8,×16ADC 2REFERENCE1LPF1f–3dB = 140Hz–63%TO+63%FSPGA2{GAIN [7:5]}V2PV2NV2ZEROCROSSZXTOMULTIPLIER2.32° @ 60Hz1.00.93ZXV2LPF102875-0-040 Figure 40. Zero-Crossing Detection on Channel 2 The ZX signal goes logic high on a positive-going zero crossing and logic low on a negative-going zero crossing on Channel 2. The zero-crossing signal ZX is generated from the output of LPF1. LPF1 has a single pole at 140 Hz (at CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz). As a result, there is a phase lag between the analog input signal V2 and the output of LPF1. The phase response of this filter is shown in the Channel 2 Sampling section. The phase lag response of LPF1 results in a time delay of approximately 1.14 ms (@ 60 Hz) between the zero crossing on the analog inputs of Channel 2 and the rising or falling edge of ZX. The zero-crossing detection also drives the ZX flag in the interrupt status register. The ZX flag is set to Logic 0 on the rising and falling edge of the voltage waveform. It stays low until the status register is read with reset. An active low in the IRQ output also appears if the corresponding bit in the interrupt enable register is set to Logic 1. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 19 of 60 The flag in the interrupt status register as well as the IRQ output are reset to their default values when the interrupt status register with reset (RSTSTATUS) is read. Zero-Crossing Timeout The zero-crossing detection also has an associated timeout register, ZXTOUT. This unsigned, 12-bit register is decremented (1 LSB) every 128/CLKIN seconds. The register is reset to its user programmed full-scale value every time a zero crossing is detected on Channel 2. The default power on value in this register is 0xFFF. If the internal register decrements to 0 before a zero crossing is detected and the DISSAG bit in the mode register is Logic 0, the SAG pin goes active low. The absence of a zero crossing is also indicated on the IRQ pin if the ZXTO enable bit in the interrupt enable register is set to Logic 1. Irrespective of the enable bit setting, the ZXTO flag in the interrupt status register is always set when the internal ZXTOUT register is decremented to 0—see the section. ADE7753 Interrupts The ZXOUT register can be written/read by the user and has an address of 1Dh—see the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. The resolution of the register is 128/CLKIN seconds per LSB. Thus the maximum delay for an interrupt is 0.15 second (128/CLKIN × 212). Figure 41 shows the mechanism of the zero-crossing timeout detection when the line voltage stays at a fixed dc level for more than CLKIN/128 × ZXTOUT seconds. 12-BIT INTERNALREGISTER VALUEZXTOUTCHANNEL 2ZXTODETECTIONBIT02875-0-041 Figure 41. Zero-Crossing Timeout Detection PERIOD MEASUREMENT The ADE7753 also provides the period measurement of the line. The period register is an unsigned 16-bit register and is updated every period. The MSB of this register is always zero. The resolution of this register is 2.2 μs/LSB when CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz, which represents 0.013% when the line fre-quency is 60 Hz. When the line frequency is 60 Hz, the value of the period register is approximately CLKIN/4/32/60 Hz × 16 = 7457d. The length of the register enables the measurement of line frequencies as low as 13.9 Hz. The period register is stable at ±1 LSB when the line is established and the measurement does not change. A settling time of 1.8 seconds is associated with this filter before the measurement is stable. POWER SUPPLY MONITOR The ADE7753 also contains an on-chip power supply monitor. The analog supply (AVDD) is continuously monitored by the ADE7753. If the supply is less than 4 V ± 5%, then the ADE7753 goes into an inactive state, that is, no energy is accumulated when the supply voltage is below 4 V. This is useful to ensure correct device operation at power-up and during power-down. The power supply monitor has built-in hysteresis and filtering, which give a high degree of immunity to false triggering due to noisy supplies. AVDD5V4V0VADE7753POWER-ONINACTIVESTATESAGINACTIVEACTIVEINACTIVETIME02875-0-042 Figure 42. On-Chip Power Supply Monitor As seen in Figure 42, the trigger level is nominally set at 4 V. The tolerance on this trigger level is about ±5%. The SAG pin can also be used as a power supply monitor input to the MCU. The SAG pin goes logic low when the ADE7753 is in its inactive state. The power supply and decoupling for the part should be such that the ripple at AVDD does not exceed 5 V ±5%, as specified for normal operation. LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECTION In addition to the detection of the loss of the line voltage signal (zero crossing), the ADE7753 can also be programmed to detect when the absolute value of the line voltage drops below a certain peak value for a number of line cycles. This condition is illustrated in Figure 43. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 20 of 60 SAGCYC [7:0] =0x043 LINE CYCLESSAG RESET HIGHWHEN CHANNEL 2EXCEEDS SAGLVL [7:0]FULL SCALESAGLVL [7:0]SAGCHANNEL 202875-0-043 Figure 43. ADE7753 Sag Detection Figure 43 shows the line voltage falling below a threshold that is set in the sag level register (SAGLVL[7:0]) for three line cycles. The quantities 0 and 1 are not valid for the SAGCYC register, and the contents represent one more than the desired number of full line cycles. For example, when the sag cycle (SAGCYC[7:0]) contains 0x04, the SAG pin goes active low at the end of the third line cycle for which the line voltage (Channel 2 signal) falls below the threshold, if the DISSAG bit in the mode register is Logic 0. As is the case when zero crossings are no longer detected, the sag event is also recorded by setting the SAG flag in the interrupt status register. If the SAG enable bit is set to Logic 1, the IRQ logic output goes active low—see the section. The ADE7753 InterruptsSAG pin goes logic high again when the absolute value of the signal on Channel 2 exceeds the sag level set in the sag level register. This is shown in when the Figure 43SAG pin goes high again during the fifth line cycle from the time when the signal on Channel 2 first dropped below the threshold level. Sag Level Set The contents of the sag level register (1 byte) are compared to the absolute value of the most significant byte output from LPF1 after it is shifted left by one bit, thus, for example, the nominal maximum code from LPF1 with a full-scale signal on Channel 2 is 0x2518—see the Channel 2 Sampling section. Shifting one bit left gives 0x4A30. Therefore writing 0x4A to the SAG level register puts the sag detection level at full scale. Writing 0x00 or 0x01 puts the sag detection level at 0. The SAG level register is compared to the most significant byte of a waveform sample after the shift left and detection is made when the contents of the sag level register are greater. PEAK DETECTION The ADE7753 can also be programmed to detect when the absolute value of the voltage or current channel exceeds a specified peak value. Figure 44 illustrates the behavior of the peak detection for the voltage channel. Both Channel 1 and Channel 2 are monitored at the same time. PKV RESET LOWWHEN RSTSTATUSREGISTER IS READVPKLVL[7:0]V2READ RSTSTATUSREGISTERPKV INTERRUPTFLAG (BIT 8 OFSTATUS REGISTER)02875-0-088 Figure 44. ADE7753 Peak Level Detection Figure 44 shows a line voltage exceeding a threshold that is set in the voltage peak register (VPKLVL[7:0]). The voltage peak event is recorded by setting the PKV flag in the interrupt status register. If the PKV enable bit is set to Logic 1 in the interrupt mask register, the IRQ logic output goes active low. Similarly, the current peak event is recorded by setting the PKI flag in the interrupt status register—see the section. ADE7753 Interrupts Peak Level Set The contents of the VPKLVL and IPKLVL registers are respectively compared to the absolute value of Channel 1 and Channel 2 after they are multiplied by 2. Thus, for example, the nominal maximum code from the Channel 1 ADC with a full-scale signal is 0x2851EC—see the Channel 1 Sampling section. Multiplying by 2 gives 0x50A3D8. Therefore, writing 0x50 to the IPKLVL register, for example, puts the Channel 1 peak detection level at full scale and sets the current peak detection to its least sensitive value. Writing 0x00 puts the Channel 1 detection level at 0. The detection is done by comparing the contents of the IPKLVL register to the incoming Channel 1 sample. The IRQ pin indicates that the peak level is exceeded if the PKI or PKV bits are set in the interrupt enable register (IRQEN[15:0]) at Address 0x0A. Peak Level Record The ADE7753 records the maximum absolute value reached by Channel 1 and Channel 2 in two different registers—IPEAK and VPEAK, respectively. VPEAK and IPEAK are 24-bit unsigned registers. These registers are updated each time the absolute value of the waveform sample from the corresponding channel is above the value stored in the VPEAK or IPEAK register. The contents of the VPEAK register correspond to 2× the maximum absolute value observed on the Channel 2 input. The contents of IPEAK represent the maximum absolute value observed on the Channel 1 input. Reading the RSTVPEAK and RSTIPEAK registers clears their respective contents after the read operation. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 21 of 60 Using the ADE7753 Interrupts with an MCU ADE7753 INTERRUPTS Figure 46 shows a timing diagram with a suggested implemen-tation of ADE7753 interrupt management using an MCU. At time t1, the IRQ line goes active low indicating that one or more interrupt events have occurred in the ADE7753. The IRQ logic output should be tied to a negative edge-triggered external interrupt on the MCU. On detection of the negative edge, the MCU should be configured to start executing its interrupt service routine (ISR). On entering the ISR, all interrupts should be disabled by using the global interrupt enable bit. At this point, the MCU external interrupt flag can be cleared to capture interrupt events that occur during the current ISR. When the MCU interrupt flag is cleared, a read from the status register with reset is carried out. This causes the IRQ line to be reset logic high (t2)—see the section. The status register contents are used to determine the source of the interrupt(s) and therefore the appropriate action to be taken. If a subsequent interrupt event occurs during the ISR, that event is recorded by the MCU external interrupt flag being set again (t3). On returning from the ISR, the global interrupt mask is cleared (same instruction cycle), and the external interrupt flag causes the MCU to jump to its ISR once a gain. This ensures that the MCU does not miss any external interrupts. Interrupt Timing ADE7753 interrupts are managed through the interrupt status register (STATUS[15:0]) and the interrupt enable register (IRQEN[15:0]). When an interrupt event occurs in the ADE7753, the corresponding flag in the status register is set to Logic 1—see the Interrupt Status Register section. If the enable bit for this interrupt in the interrupt enable register is Logic 1, then the IRQ logic output goes active low. The flag bits in the status register are set irrespective of the state of the enable bits. To determine the source of the interrupt, the system master (MCU) should perform a read from the status register with reset (RSTSTATUS[15:0]). This is achieved by carrying out a read from Address 0x0C. The IRQ output goes logic high on completion of the interrupt status register read command—see the section. When carrying out a read with reset, the ADE7753 is designed to ensure that no interrupt events are missed. If an interrupt event occurs just as the status register is being read, the event is not lost and the Interrupt TimingIRQ logic output is guaranteed to go high for the duration of the interrupt status register data transfer before going logic low again to indicate the pending interrupt. See the next section for a more detailed description. IRQGLOBALINTERRUPTMASK SETISR RETURNGLOBAL INTERRUPTMASK RESETCLEAR MCUINTERRUPTFLAGREADSTATUS WITHRESET (0x05)ISR ACTION(BASED ON STATUS CONTENTS)MCUINTERRUPTFLAG SETMCUPROGRAMSEQUENCE02875-0-044t1t2t3JUMPTOISRJUMPTOISR Figure 45. ADE7753 Interrupt Management SCLKDINDOUTIRQt11t11t9t1READ STATUS REGISTER COMMANDSTATUS REGISTER CONTENTSDB7DB7DB0CS00000101DB002875-0-045 Figure 46. ADE7753 Interrupt Timing ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 22 of 60 Interrupt Timing The ADE7753 Serial Interface section should be reviewed first before reviewing the interrupt timing. As previously described, when the IRQ output goes low, the MCU ISR must read the interrupt status register to determine the source of the interrupt. When reading the status register contents, the IRQ output is set high on the last falling edge of SCLK of the first byte transfer (read interrupt status register command). The IRQ output is held high until the last bit of the next 15-bit transfer is shifted out (interrupt status register contents)—see . If an interrupt is pending at this time, the Figure 45IRQ output goes low again. If no interrupt is pending, the IRQ output stays high. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT The ADE7753 also includes an on-chip temperature sensor. A temperature measurement can be made by setting Bit 5 in the mode register. When Bit 5 is set logic high in the mode register, the ADE7753 initiates a temperature measurement on the next zero crossing. When the zero crossing on Channel 2 is detected, the voltage output from the temperature sensing circuit is connected to ADC1 (Channel 1) for digitizing. The resulting code is processed and placed in the temperature register (TEMP[7:0]) approximately 26 μs later (96/CLKIN seconds). If enabled in the interrupt enable register (Bit 5), the IRQ output goes active low when the temperature conversion is finished. The contents of the temperature register are signed (twos complement) with a resolution of approximately 1.5 LSB/°C. The temperature register produces a code of 0x00 when the ambient temperature is approximately −25°C. The temperature measurement is uncalibrated in the ADE7753 and has an offset tolerance as high as ±25°C. ADE7753 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION The analog-to-digital conversion in the ADE7753 is carried out using two second-order Σ-Δ ADCs. For simplicity, the block diagram in Figure 47 shows a first-order Σ-Δ ADC. The converter is made up of the Σ-Δ modulator and the digital low-pass filter. 24DIGITALLOW-PASSFILTERRCANALOGLOW-PASS FILTER+–VREF1-BIT DACINTEGRATORMCLK/4LATCHEDCOMPARATOR.....10100101.....+–02875-0-046 Figure 47. First-Order Σ-Δ ADC A Σ-Δ modulator converts the input signal into a continuous serial stream of 1s and 0s at a rate determined by the sampling clock. In the ADE7753, the sampling clock is equal to CLKIN/4. The 1-bit DAC in the feedback loop is driven by the serial data stream. The DAC output is subtracted from the input signal. If the loop gain is high enough, the average value of the DAC out-put (and therefore the bit stream) can approach that of the input signal level. For any given input value in a single sampling interval, the data from the 1-bit ADC is virtually meaningless. Only when a large number of samples are averaged is a meaningful result obtained. This averaging is carried out in the second part of the ADC, the digital low-pass filter. By averaging a large number of bits from the modulator, the low-pass filter can produce 24-bit data-words that are proportional to the input signal level. The Σ-Δ converter uses two techniques to achieve high resolution from what is essentially a 1-bit conversion technique. The first is oversampling. Oversampling means that the signal is sampled at a rate (frequency), which is many times higher than the bandwidth of interest. For example, the sampling rate in the ADE7753 is CLKIN/4 (894 kHz) and the band of interest is 40 Hz to 2 kHz. Oversampling has the effect of spreading the quantization noise (noise due to sampling) over a wider bandwidth. With the noise spread more thinly over a wider bandwidth, the quantization noise in the band of interest is lowered—see Figure 48. However, oversampling alone is not efficient enough to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the band of interest. For example, an oversampling ratio of 4 is required just to increase the SNR by only 6 dB (1 bit). To keep the oversampling ratio at a reasonable level, it is possible to shape the quantization noise so that the majority of the noise lies at the higher frequencies. In the Σ-Δ modulator, the noise is shaped by the integrator, which has a high-pass-type response for the quantization noise. The result is that most of the noise is at the higher frequencies where it can be removed by the digital low-pass filter. This noise shaping is shown in Figure 48. 44708942NOISESIGNALDIGITALFILTERANTILALIASFILTER (RC)SAMPLINGFREQUENCYHIGH RESOLUTIONOUTPUT FROM DIGITALLPFSHAPEDNOISE44708942NOISESIGNALFREQUENCY (kHz)FREQUENCY (kHz)02875-0-047 Figure 48. Noise Reduction Due to Oversampling and Noise Shaping in the Analog Modulator ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 23 of 60 Antialias Filter ADE7753 Reference Circuit Figure 50 shows a simplified version of the reference output circuitry. The nominal reference voltage at the REFIN/OUT pin is 2.42 V. This is the reference voltage used for the ADCs in the ADE7753. However, Channel 1 has three input range selections that are selected by dividing down the reference value used for the ADC in Channel 1. The reference value used for Channel 1 is divided down to ½ and ¼ of the nominal value by using an internal resistor divider, as shown in Figure 50. Figure 47 also shows an analog low-pass filter (RC) on the input to the modulator. This filter is present to prevent aliasing. Aliasing is an artifact of all sampled systems. Aliasing means that frequency components in the input signal to the ADC, which are higher than half the sampling rate of the ADC, appear in the sampled signal at a frequency below half the sampling rate. Figure 49 illustrates the effect. Frequency components (arrows shown in black) above half the sampling frequency (also know as the Nyquist frequency, i.e., 447 kHz) are imaged or folded back down below 447 kHz. This happens with all ADCs regardless of the architecture. In the example shown, only frequencies near the sampling frequency, i.e., 894 kHz, move into the band of interest for metering, i.e., 40 Hz to 2 kHz. This allows the use of a very simple LPF (low-pass filter) to attenuate high frequency (near 900 kHz) noise, and prevents distortion in the band of interest. For conventional current sensors, a simple RC filter (single-pole LPF) with a corner frequency of 10 kHz produces an attenuation of approximately 40 dB at 894 kHz—see Figure 49. The 20 dB per decade attenuation is usually sufficient to eliminate the effects of aliasing for conventional current sensors. However, for a di/dt sensor such as a Rogowski coil, the sensor has a 20 dB per decade gain. This neutralizes the –20 dB per decade attenuation produced by one simple LPF. Therefore, when using a di/dt sensor, care should be taken to offset the 20 dB per decade gain. One simple approach is to cascade two RC filters to produce the –40 dB per decade attenuation needed. 60μAPTAT2.5V1.7kΩ12.5kΩ12.5kΩ12.5kΩ12.5kΩREFIN/OUT2.42VMAXIMUMLOAD = 10μAOUTPUTIMPEDANCE6kΩREFERENCE INPUTTO ADC CHANNEL 1(RANGE SELECT)2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6V02875-0-049 Figure 50. ADE7753 Reference Circuit Output The REFIN/OUT pin can be overdriven by an external source, for example, an external 2.5 V reference. Note that the nominal reference value supplied to the ADCs is now 2.5 V, not 2.42 V, which has the effect of increasing the nominal analog input signal range by 2.5/2.42 × 100% = 3% or from 0.5 V to 0.5165 V. SAMPLINGFREQUENCYIMAGEFREQUENCIESALIASING EFFECTS02447894FREQUENCY (kHz)02875-0-048 The voltage of the ADE7753 reference drifts slightly with temperature—see the ADE7753 Specifications for the temperature coefficient specification (in ppm/°C). The value of the temperature drift varies from part to part. Since the reference is used for the ADCs in both Channels 1 and 2, any x% drift in the reference results in 2×% deviation of the meter accuracy. The reference drift resulting from temperature changes is usually very small and it is typically much smaller than the drift of other components on a meter. However, if guaranteed temperature performance is needed, one needs to use an external voltage reference. Alternatively, the meter can be calibrated at multiple temperatures. Real-time compensation can be achieved easily by using the on-chip temperature sensor. Figure 49. ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 1 Outline Dimensions ADC Transfer Function The following expression relates the output of the LPF in the Σ-Δ ADC to the analog input signal level. Both ADCs in the ADE7753 are designed to produce the same output code for the same input signal level. CHANNEL 1 ADC 144,2620492.3)(××=OUTINVVADCCode (1) Figure 51 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for Channel 1. In waveform sampling mode, the ADC outputs a signed twos complement 24-bit data-word at a maximum of 27.9 kSPS (CLKIN/128). With the specified full-scale analog input signal of 0.5 V (or 0.25 V or 0.125 V—see the Analog Inputs section) the ADC produces an output code that is approximately between 0x2851EC (+2,642,412d) and 0xD7AE14 (–2,642,412d)—see Figure 51. Therefore with a full-scale signal on the input of 0.5 V and an internal reference of 2.42 V, the ADC output code is nominally 165,151 or 2851Fh. The maximum code from the ADC is ±262,144; this is equivalent to an input signal level of ±0.794 V. However, for specified performance, it is recommended that the full-scale input signal level of 0.5 V not be exceeded. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 24 of 60 ⋅1,⋅2,⋅4,⋅8,⋅16ANALOGINPUTRANGEDIGITALINTEGRATOR*dtHPFADC 1REFERENCE2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6VV10V0.5V, 0.25V,0.125V, 62.5mV,31.3mV, 15.6mV,CHANNEL 1(CURRENT WAVEFORM)DATA RANGEACTIVE AND REACTIVEPOWER CALCULATIONWAVEFORM SAMPLEREGISTERCURRENT RMS (IRMS)CALCULATION50HzV1PV1NPGA1V1{GAIN[4:3]}{GAIN[2:0]}*WHEN DIGITAL INTEGRATOR IS ENABLED, FULL-SCALE OUTPUT DATA IS ATTENUATEDDEPENDING ON THE SIGNAL FREQUENCY BECAUSE THE INTEGRATOR HAS A –20dB/DECADEFREQUENCY RESPONSE. WHEN DISABLED, THE OUTPUT WILL NOT BE FURTHER ATTENUATED.ADC OUTPUTWORD RANGE0xD7AE140x000000x2851EC0xD7AE140x0000000x2851ECCHANNEL 1(CURRENT WAVEFORM)DATA RANGE AFTERINTEGRATOR (50Hz)0xEI08C40x0000000x1EF73C60HzCHANNEL 1(CURRENT WAVEFORM)DATA RANGE AFTERINTEGRATOR (60Hz)0xE631F80x0000000x19CE0802875-0-052 Figure 51. ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 1 Channel 1 Sampling The waveform samples can also be routed to the waveform register (MODE[14:13] = 1,0) to be read by the system master (MCU). In waveform sampling mode, the WSMP bit (Bit 3) in the interrupt enable register must also be set to Logic 1. The active, apparent power, and energy calculation remain uninterrupted during waveform sampling. When in waveform sampling mode, one of four output sample rates can be chosen by using Bits 11 and 12 of the mode register (WAVSEL1,0). The output sample rate can be 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS—see the Mode Register (0x09) section. The interrupt request output, IRQ, signals a new sample availability by going active low. The timing is shown in . The 24-bit waveform samples are transferred from the ADE7753 one byte (eight bits) at a time, with the most significant byte shifted out first. The 24-bit data-word is right justified—see the section. The interrupt request output Figure 52ADE7753 Serial InterfaceIRQ stays low until the interrupt routine reads the reset status register—see the section. ADE7753 Interrupts CHANNEL 1 DATA(24 BITS)READ FROM WAVEFORMSIGN0IRQSCLKDINDOUT0001 HEX02875-0-050 Figure 52. Waveform Sampling Channel 1 Channel 1 RMS Calculation Root mean square (rms) value of a continuous signal V(t) is defined as VRMS = ∫×=TrmsdttVTV02)(1 (2) For time sampling signals, rms calculation involves squaring the signal, taking the average and obtaining the square root: VRMS = Σ=×=NirmsiVNV12)(1 (3) The ADE7753 simultaneously calculates the rms values for Channel 1 and Channel 2 in different registers. Figure 53 shows the detail of the signal processing chain for the rms calculation on Channel 1. The Channel 1 rms value is processed from the samples used in the Channel 1 waveform sampling mode. The Channel 1 rms value is stored in an unsigned 24-bit register (IRMS). One LSB of the Channel 1 rms register is equivalent to one LSB of a Channel 1 waveform sample. The update rate of the Channel 1 rms measurement is CLKIN/4. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 25 of 60 IRMS(t)LPF3HPF1CHANNEL 10x1C82B30x00+IRMSOS[11:0]IRMSCURRENT SIGNAL (i(t))226225sgn22721721621502875-0-00510x2851EC0x000xD7AE142424 Figure 53. Channel 1 RMS Signal Processing With the specified full-scale analog input signal of 0.5 V, the ADC produces an output code that is approximately ±2,642,412d—see the Channel 1 ADC section. The equivalent rms value of a full-scale ac signal are 1,868,467d (0x1C82B3). The current rms measurement provided in the ADE7753 is accurate to within 0.5% for signal input between full scale and full scale/100. Table 7 shows the settling time for the IRMS measurement, which is the time it takes for the rms register to reflect the value at the input to the current channel. The conversion from the register value to amps must be done externally in the microprocessor using an amps/LSB constant. To minimize noise, synchronize the reading of the rms register with the zero crossing of the voltage input and take the average of a number of readings. Table 7. 95% 100% Integrator Off 219 ms 895 ms Integrator On 78.5 ms 1340 ms Channel 1 RMS Offset Compensation The ADE7753 incorporates a Channel 1 rms offset compensa-tion register (IRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed register that can be used to remove offset in the Channel 1 rms calculation. An offset could exist in the rms calculation due to input noises that are integrated in the dc component of V2(t). The offset calibration allows the content of the IRMS register to match the theoretical value even when the Channel 1 input is low. One LSB of the Channel 1 rms offset is equivalent to 32,768 LSB of the square of the Channel 1 rms register. Assuming that the maximum value from the Channel 1 rms calculation is 1,868,467d with full-scale ac inputs, then 1 LSB of the Channel 1 rms offset represents 0.46% of measurement error at –60 dB down of full scale. IRMS = 3276820×+IRMSOSIRMS (4) where IRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction. To measure the offset of the rms measurement, two data points are needed from non-zero input values, for example, the base current, Ib, and Imax/100. The offset can be calculated from these measurements. CHANNEL 2 ADC Channel 2 Sampling In Channel 2 waveform sampling mode (MODE[14:13] = 1,1 and WSMP = 1), the ADC output code scaling for Channel 2 is not the same as Channel 1. The Channel 2 waveform sample is a 16-bit word and sign extended to 24 bits. For normal operation, the differential voltage signal between V2P and V2N should not exceed 0.5 V. With maximum voltage input (±0.5 V at PGA gain of 1), the output from the ADC swings between 0x2852 and 0xD7AE (±10,322d). However, before being passed to the wave-form register, the ADC output is passed through a single-pole, low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 140 Hz. The plots in Figure 54 show the magnitude and phase response of this filter. FREQUENCY (Hz)0101102103PHASE ( Degrees)–20–10–40–50–60–30–70–80–900–18GAIN ( dB)60Hz,–0.73dB50Hz,–0.52dB60Hz,–23.2°50Hz,–19.7°–8–10–14–12–16–2–4–602875-0-053 Figure 54. Magnitude and Phase Response of LPF1 The LPF1 has the effect of attenuating the signal. For example, if the line frequency is 60 Hz, then the signal at the output of LPF1 is attenuated by about 8%. dBHzHzfH73.0919.01406011)(2−==⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛+= (5) Note LPF1 does not affect the active power calculation. The signal processing chain in Channel 2 is illustrated in Figure 55. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 26 of 60 V1ADC 20VANALOGINPUT RANGE0.5V, 0.25, 0.125,62.5mV, 31.25mVREFERENCELPF1ACTIVEANDREACTIVEENERGYCALCULATIONVRMSCALCULATIONANDWAVEFORMSAMPLING(PEAK/SAG/ZX)PGA2×1,×2,×4,×8,×16{GAIN [7:5]}V2PV2NV22.42V0x28520x25810xDAE80xD7AE0x0000LPF OUTPUTWORD RANGE02875-0-054 Figure 55. ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 2 VRMS[23:0]LPF3|x|LPF1CHANNEL 20x17D3380x00++VRMOS[11:0]VOLTAGE SIGNAL (V(t))29sgn2822212002875-0-00550x25180x00xDAE8 Figure 56. Channel 2 RMS Signal Processing Channel 2 has only one analog input range (0.5 V differential). Like Channel 1, Channel 2 has a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. For energy measurement, the output of the ADC is passed directly to the multiplier and is not filtered. An HPF is not required to remove any dc offset since it is only required to remove the offset from one channel to eliminate errors due to offsets in the power calculation. When in waveform sampling mode, one of four output sample rates can be chosen by using Bits 11 and 12 of the mode register. The available output sample rates are 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS—see the Mode Register (0x09) section. The interrupt request output IRQ signals that a sample is available by going active low. The timing is the same as that for Channel 1, as shown in . Figure 52 Channel 2 RMS Calculation Figure 56 shows the details of the signal processing chain for the rms estimation on Channel 2. This Channel 2 rms estimation is done in the ADE7753 using the mean absolute value calculation, as shown in Figure 56. The Channel 2 rms value is processed from the samples used in the Channel 2 waveform sampling mode. The rms value is slightly attenuated because of LPF1. Channel 2 rms value is stored in the unsigned 24-bit VRMS register. The update rate of the Channel 2 rms measurement is CLKIN/4. With the specified full-scale ac analog input signal of 0.5 V, the output from the LPF1 swings between 0x2518 and 0xDAE8 at 60 Hz—see the Channel 2 ADC section. The equivalent rms value of this full-scale ac signal is approximately 1,561,400 (0x17D338) in the VRMS register. The voltage rms measure-ment provided in the ADE7753 is accurate to within ±0.5% for signal input between full scale and full scale/20. Table 8 shows the settling time for the VRMS measurement, which is the time it takes for the rms register to reflect the value at the input to the voltage channel. The conversion from the register value to volts must be done externally in the microprocessor using a volts/LSB constant. Since the low-pass filtering used for calculating the rms value is imperfect, there is some ripple noise from 2ω term present in the rms measurement. To minimize the noise effect in the reading, synchronize the rms reading with the zero crossings of the voltage input. Table 8. 95% 100% 220 ms 670 ms Channel 2 RMS Offset Compensation The ADE7753 incorporates a Channel 2 rms offset compensation register (VRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed register that can be used to remove offset in the Channel 2 rms calculation. An offset could exist in the rms calculation due to input noises and dc offset in the input samples. The offset calibration allows the contents of the VRMS register to be maintained at 0 when no voltage is applied. One LSB of the Channel 2 rms offset is equivalent to one LSB of the rms register. Assuming that the maximum value from the Channel 2 rms calculation is 1,561,400d with full-scale ac inputs, then one LSB of the Channel 2 rms offset represents 0.064% of measurement error at –60 dB down of full scale. VRMS = VRMS0 + VRMSOS (6) where VRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction. The voltage rms offset compensation should be done by testing the rms results at two non-zero input levels. One measurement can be done close to full scale and the other at approximately full scale/10. The voltage offset compensation can be derived ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 27 of 60 from these measurements. If the voltage rms offset register does not have enough range, the CH2OS register can also be used. PHASE COMPENSATION When the HPF is disabled, the phase error between Channel 1 and Channel 2 is 0 from dc to 3.5 kHz. When HPF is enabled, Channel 1 has the phase response illustrated in Figure 58 and Figure 59. Also shown in Figure 60 is the magnitude response of the filter. As can be seen from the plots, the phase response is almost 0 from 45 Hz to 1 kHz. This is all that is required in typical energy measurement applications. However, despite being internally phase compensated, the ADE7753 must work with transducers, which could have inherent phase errors. For example, a phase error of 0.1° to 0.3° is not uncommon for a current transformer (CT). These phase errors can vary from part to part, and they must be corrected in order to perform accurate power calculations. The errors associated with phase mismatch are particularly noticeable at low power factors. The ADE7753 provides a means of digitally calibrating these small phase errors. The ADE7753 allows a small time delay or time advance to be introduced into the signal processing chain to compensate for small phase errors. Because the compensation is in time, this technique should be used only for small phase errors in the range of 0.1° to 0.5°. Correcting large phase errors using a time shift technique can introduce significant phase errors at higher harmonics. The phase calibration register (PHCAL[5:0]) is a twos comple-ment signed single-byte register that has values ranging from 0x21 (–31d) to 0x1F (31d). The register is centered at 0x0D, so that writing 0x0D to the register gives 0 delay. By changing the PHCAL register, the time delay in the Channel 2 signal path can change from –102.12 μs to +39.96 μs (CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz). One LSB is equivalent to 2.22 μs (CLKIN/8) time delay or advance. A line frequency of 60 Hz gives a phase resolution of 0.048° at the fundamental (i.e., 360° × 2.22 μs × 60 Hz). Figure 57 illustrates how the phase compensation is used to remove a 0.1° phase lead in Channel 1 due to the external transducer. To cancel the lead (0.1°) in Channel 1, a phase lead must also be introduced into Channel 2. The resolution of the phase adjustment allows the introduction of a phase lead in increment of 0.048°. The phase lead is achieved by introducing a time advance into Channel 2. A time advance of 4.48 μs is made by writing −2 (0x0B) to the time delay block, thus reducing the amount of time delay by 4.48 μs, or equiva-lently, a phase lead of approximately 0.1° at line frequency of 60 Hz. 0x0B represents –2 because the register is centered with 0 at 0x0D. 110100150PGA1V1PV1NV1ADC 1HPF24PGA2V2PV2NV2ADC 2DELAY BLOCK2.24μs/LSB24LPF2V2V160Hz0.1°V1V2CHANNEL 2 DELAYREDUCED BY 4.48μs(0.1°LEAD AT 60Hz)0Bh IN PHCAL [5.0]PHCAL [5:0]--100μs TO +34μs60Hz02875-0-056 Figure 57. Phase Calibration FREQUENCY (Hz)PHASE (Degrees)0.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10–0.110210310402875-0-057 Figure 58. Combined Phase Response of the HPF and Phase Compensation (10 Hz to 1 kHz) FREQUENCY (Hz)0.2040PHASE ( Degrees)0.180.160.140.120.100.0800.020.040.0645505560657002875-0-058 Figure 59. Combined Phase Response of the HPF and Phase Compensation (40 Hz to 70 Hz) ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 28 of 60 FREQUENCY (Hz)0.4ERROR (%)545658606264660.30.20.10.0–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.402875-0-059 Figure 60. Combined Gain Response of the HPF and Phase Compensation ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION Power is defined as the rate of energy flow from source to load. It is defined as the product of the voltage and current wave-forms. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous power signal and is equal to the rate of energy flow at every instant of time. The unit of power is the watt or joules/sec. Equation 9 gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal in an ac system. v(t) = )sin(2tVω× (7) i(t) = )sin(2tIω× (8) where: V is the rms voltage. I is the rms current. )()()(titvtp×= )2cos()(tVIVItpω−= (9) The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n) is given by the expression in Equation 10. P = ∫=nTVIdttpnT0)(1 (10) where: T is the line cycle period. P is referred to as the active or real power. Note that the active power is equal to the dc component of the instantaneous power signal p(t) in Equation 8, i.e., VI. This is the relationship used to calculate active power in the ADE7753. The instantaneous power signal p(t) is generated by multiplying the current and voltage signals. The dc component of the instantaneous power signal is then extracted by LPF2 (low-pass filter) to obtain the active power information. This process is illustrated in Figure 61. INSTANTANEOUSPOWER SIGNALp(t) = v×i-v×i×cos(2ωt)ACTIVEREALPOWERSIGNAL=v×i0x19999AVI0xCCCCD0x00000CURRENTi(t) = 2×i×sin(ωt)VOLTAGEv(t) = 2×v×sin(ωt)02875-0-060 Figure 61. Active Power Calculation Since LPF2 does not have an ideal “brick wall” frequency response—see Figure 62, the active power signal has some ripple due to the instantaneous power signal. This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to twice the line frequency. Because the ripple is sinusoidal in nature, it is removed when the active power signal is integrated to calculate energy—see the Energy Calculation section. FREQUENCY (Hz)–241dB–2031030100–12–16–8–4002875-0-061 Figure 62. Frequency Response of LPF2 ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 29 of 60 APOS[15:0]WGAIN[11:0]WDIV[7:0]LPF2CURRENTCHANNELVOLTAGECHANNELOUTPUT LPF2TIME (nT)4CLKINTACTIVEPOWERSIGNAL++AENERGY [23:0]OUTPUTSFROMTHELPF2AREACCUMULATED(INTEGRATED)INTHEINTERNALACTIVEENERGYREGISTERUPPER24BITSAREACCESSIBLETHROUGHAENERGY[23:0]REGISTER230480WAVEFORMREGISTERVALUES02875-0-063% Figure 63. ADE7753 Active Energy Calculation Figure 63 shows the signal processing chain for the active power calculation in the ADE7753. As explained, the active power is calculated by low-pass filtering the instantaneous power signal. Note that when reading the waveform samples from the output of LPF2, the gain of the active energy can be adjusted by using the multiplier and watt gain register (WGAIN[11:0]). The gain is adjusted by writing a twos complement 12-bit word to the watt gain register. Equation 11 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the watt gain register: ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧+×=1221WGAINPowerActiveWGAINOutput (11) For example, when 0x7FF is written to the watt gain register, the power output is scaled up by 50%. 0x7FF = 2047d, 2047/212 = 0.5. Similarly, 0x800 = –2048d (signed twos complement) and power output is scaled by –50%. Each LSB scales the power output by 0.0244%. Figure 64 shows the maximum code (in hex) output range for the active power signal (LPF2). Note that the output range changes depending on the contents of the watt gain register. The minimum output range is given when the watt gain register contents are equal to 0x800, and the maximum range is given by writing 0x7FF to the watt gain register. This can be used to calibrate the active power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7753. 0x1333330xCCCCD0x666660xF9999A0xF333330xECCCCD0x00000ACTIVE POWER OUTPUTPOSITIVEPOWERNEGATIVEPOWER0x0000x7FF0x800{WGAIN[11:0]}ACTIVE POWERCALIBRATION RANGE02875-0-062 Figure 64. Active Power Calculation Output Range ENERGY CALCULATION As stated earlier, power is defined as the rate of energy flow. This relationship can be expressed mathematically in Equation 12. dtdEP= (12) where: P is power. E is energy. Conversely, energy is given as the integral of power. ∫=PdtE (13) ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 30 of 60 FORWAVEFORM ACCUMULATIOIN 1 24 24 LPF2 V I 0x19999 0x19999A 0x000000 INSTANTANEOUS POWER SIGNAL – p(t) FORWAVEF0RM SAMPLING 32 0xCCCCD CURRENT SIGNAL – i(t) HPF VOLTAGESIGNAL– v(t) MULTIPLIER + + APOS [15:0] sgn 26 25 2-6 2-7 2-8 02875-0-064 WGAIN[11:0] Figure 65. Active Power Signal Processing The ADE7753 achieves the integration of the active power signal by continuously accumulating the active power signal in an internal nonreadable 49-bit energy register. The active energy register (AENERGY[23:0]) represents the upper 24 bits of this internal register. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 14 expresses the relationship. ⎭ ⎬ ⎫ ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ = × = ∫ Σ ∞ →0 =1 ) ( ) ( t n T nTpLimdttpE (14) where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period. The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register in the ADE7753 is 1.1μs (4/CLKIN). As well as calculating the energy, this integration removes any sinusoidal components that might be in the active power signal. Figure 65 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation. The active power signal in the waveform register is continuously added to the internal active energy register. This addition is a signed addition; therefore negative energy is subtracted from the active energy contents. The exception to this is when POAM is selected in the MODE[15:0] register. In this case, only positive energy contributes to the active energy accumulation—see the Positive-Only Accumulation Mode section. The output of the multiplier is divided by WDIV. If the value in the WDIV register is equal to 0, then the internal active energy register is divided by 1. WDIV is an 8-bit unsigned register. After dividing by WDIV, the active energy is accumulated in a 49-bit internal energy accumulation register. The upper 24 bits of this register are accessible through a read to the active energy register (AENERGY[23:0]). A read to the RAENERGY register returns the content of the AENERGY register and the upper 24 bits of the internal register are cleared. As shown in Figure 65, the active power signal is accumulated in an internal 49-bit signed register. The active power signal can be read from the waveform register by setting MODE[14:13] = 0,0 and setting the WSMP bit (Bit 3) in the interrupt enable register to 1. Like the Channel 1 and Channel 2 waveform sampling modes, the waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS—see Figure 52. Figure 66 shows this energy accumulation for full-scale signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three curves displayed illustrate the minimum period of time it takes the energy register to roll over when the active power gain register contents are 0x7FF, 0x000, and 0x800. The watt gain register is used to carry out power calibration in the ADE7753. As shown, the fastest integration time occurs when the watt gain register is set to maximum full scale, i.e., 0x7FF. 0x00,0000 0x7F,FFFF 0x3F,FFFF 0x40,0000 0x80,0000 AENERGY [23:0] 4 6.2 8 12.5 TIME (minutes) WGAIN = 0x7FF WGAIN = 0x000 WGAIN = 0x800 02875-0-065 Figure 66. Energy Register Rollover Time for Full-Scale Power (Minimum and Maximum Power Gain) Note that the energy register contents rolls over to full-scale negative (0x800000) and continues to increase in value when the power or energy flow is positive—see Figure 66. Conversely, if the power is negative, the energy register underflows to full- scale positive (0x7FFFFF) and continues to decrease in value. By using the interrupt enable register, the ADE7753 can be configured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when the active energy register is greater than half-full (positive or negative) or when an overflow or underflow occurs. Integration Time under Steady Load As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.1 μs (4/CLKIN). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the WGAIN register set to 0x000, the average word value from each LPF2 is 0xCCCCD—see Figure 61. The maximum positive value that can be stored in the internal 49-bit register is 248 or ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 31 of 60 0xFFFF,FFFF,FFFF before it overflows. The integration time under these conditions with WDIV = 0 is calculated as follows: Time = xCCCCD0FFFFFFFF,xFFFF,0× 1.12 μs = 375.8 s = 6.26 min(15) When WDIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration time varies, as shown in Equation 16. WDIVTimeTimeWDIV×==0 (16) POWER OFFSET CALIBRATION The ADE7753 also incorporates an active power offset register (APOS[15:0]). This is a signed twos complement 16-bit register that can be used to remove offsets in the active power calculation—see Figure 65. An offset could exist in the power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB or in the IC itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of the active power register to be maintained at 0 when no power is being consumed. The 256 LSBs (APOS = 0x0100) written to the active power offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the waveform sample register. Assuming the average value, output from LPF2 is 0xCCCCD (838,861d) when inputs on Channels 1 and 2 are both at full scale. At −60 dB down on Channel 1 (1/1000 of the Channel 1 full-scale input), the average word value output from LPF2 is 838.861 (838,861/1,000). One LSB in the LPF2 output has a measurement error of 1/838.861 × 100% = 0.119% of the average value. The active power offset register has a resolution equal to 1/256 LSB of the waveform register, therefore the power offset correction resolution is 0.00047%/LSB (0.119%/256) at –60 dB. ENERGY-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERSION ADE7753 also provides energy-to-frequency conversion for calibration purposes. After initial calibration at manufacturing, the manufacturer or end customer often verify the energy meter calibration. One convenient way to verify the meter calibration is for the manufacturer to provide an output frequency, which is proportional to the energy or active power under steady load conditions. This output frequency can provide a simple, single-wire, optically isolated interface to external calibration equipment. Figure 67 illustrates the energy-to-frequency conversion in the ADE7753. CFNUM[11:0]CF110CFDEN[11:0]110AENERGY[48:0]48002875-0-066%DFC Figure 67. ADE7753 Energy-to-Frequency Conversion A digital-to-frequency converter (DFC) is used to generate the CF pulsed output. The DFC generates a pulse each time 1 LSB in the active energy register is accumulated. An output pulse is generated when (CFDEN + 1)/(CFNUM + 1) number of pulses are generated at the DFC output. Under steady load conditions, the output frequency is proportional to the active power. The maximum output frequency, with ac input signals at full scale and CFNUM = 0x00 and CFDEN = 0x00, is approximately 23 kHz. The ADE7753 incorporates two registers, CFNUM[11:0] and CFDEN[11:0], to set the CF frequency. These are unsigned 12-bit registers, which can be used to adjust the CF frequency to a wide range of values. These frequency-scaling registers are 12-bit registers, which can scale the output frequency by 1/212 to 1 with a step of 1/212. If the value 0 is written to any of these registers, the value 1 would be applied to the register. The ratio (CFNUM + 1)/ (CFDEN + 1) should be smaller than 1 to ensure proper operation. If the ratio of the registers (CFNUM + 1)/(CFDEN + 1) is greater than 1, the register values would be adjusted to a ratio (CFNUM + 1)/(CFDEN + 1) of 1. For example, if the output frequency is 1.562 kHz while the contents of CFDEN are 0 (0x000), then the output frequency can be set to 6.1 Hz by writing 0xFF to the CFDEN register. When CFNUM and CFDEN are both set to one, the CF pulse width is fixed at 16 CLKIN/4 clock cycles, approximately 18 μs with a CLKIN of 3.579545 MHz. If the CF pulse output is longer than 180 ms for an active energy frequency of less than 5.56 Hz, the pulse width is fixed at 90 ms. Otherwise, the pulse width is 50% of the duty cycle. The output frequency has a slight ripple at a frequency equal to twice the line frequency. This is due to imperfect filtering of the instantaneous power signal to generate the active power signal—see the Active Power Calculation section. Equation 9 from the Active Power Calculation section gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal. This is filtered by LPF2, which has a magnitude response given by Equation 17. 29.811)(2ffH+= (17) The active power signal (output of LPF2) can be rewritten as p(t) = VI −⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+29.81L2fVI× cos(4πfLt) (18) where fL is the line frequency, for example, 60 Hz. From Equation 13, E(t) = VIt − ⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+π29.814LL2ffVI× sin(4πfLt) (19) ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 32 of 60 From Equation 19 it can be seen that there is a small ripple in the energy calculation due to a sin(2 ωt) component. This is shown graphically in Figure 68. The active energy calculation is shown by the dashed straight line and is equal to V × I × t. The sinusoidal ripple in the active energy calculation is also shown. Since the average value of a sinusoid is 0, this ripple does not contribute to the energy calculation over time. However, the ripple can be observed in the frequency output, especially at higher output frequencies. The ripple gets larger as a percentage of the frequency at larger loads and higher output frequencies. The reason is simply that at higher output frequencies the integration or averaging time in the energy-to-frequency conversion process is shorter. As a consequence, some of the sinusoidal ripple is observable in the frequency output. Choosing a lower output frequency at CF for calibration can significantly reduce the ripple. Also, averaging the output frequency by using a longer gate time for the counter achieves the same results. VI–sin(4×π×fL×t)4×π×fL(1+2×fL/8.9Hz)E(t)tVlt02875-0-067 Figure 68. Output Frequency Ripple WDIV[7:0]APOS[15:0]WGAIN[11:0]LPF1++LAENERGY [23:0]ACCUMULATE ACTIVEENERGY IN INTERNALREGISTER AND UPDATETHE LAENERGY REGISTERAT THE END OF LINECYCLINE CYCLESOUTPUTFROMLPF2FROMCHANNEL 2ADC230LINECYC [15:0]48002875-0-068%ZERO CROSSDETECTIONCALIBRATIONCONTROL Figure 69. Energy Calculation Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 33 of 60 LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION MODE In line cycle energy accumulation mode, the energy accumula-tion of the ADE7753 can be synchronized to the Channel 2 zero crossing so that active energy can be accumulated over an integral number of half line cycles. The advantage of summing the active energy over an integer number of line cycles is that the sinusoidal component in the active energy is reduced to 0. This eliminates any ripple in the energy calculation. Energy is calculated more accurately and in a shorter time because the integration period can be shortened. By using the line cycle energy accumulation mode, the energy calibration can be greatly simplified, and the time required to calibrate the meter can be significantly reduced. The ADE7753 is placed in line cycle energy accumulation mode by setting Bit 7 (CYCMODE) in the mode register. In line cycle energy accumulation mode, the ADE7753 accumulates the active power signal in the LAENERGY register (Address 0x04) for an integral number of line cycles, as shown in Figure 69. The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINECYC register (Address 0x1C). The ADE7753 can accumulate active power for up to 65,535 half line cycles. Because the active power is integrated on an integral number of line cycles, at the end of a line cycle energy accumu-lation cycle the CYCEND flag in the interrupt status register is set (Bit 2). If the CYCEND enable bit in the interrupt enable register is enabled, the IRQ output also goes active low. Thus the IRQ line can also be used to signal the completion of the line cycle energy accumulation. Another calibration cycle can start as long as the CYCMODE bit in the mode register is set. From Equations 13 and 18, E(t) = ∫∫⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+−nTnTfVIdtVI020cos9.81(2πft)dt (20) where: n is an integer. T is the line cycle period. Since the sinusoidal component is integrated over an integer number of line cycles, its value is always 0. Therefore, E = + 0 (21) ∫nTVIdt0 E(t) = VInT (22) Note that in this mode, the 16-bit LINECYC register can hold a maximum value of 65,535. In other words, the line energy accumulation mode can be used to accumulate active energy for a maximum duration over 65,535 half line cycles. At 60 Hz line frequency, it translates to a total duration of 65,535/120 Hz = 546 seconds. POSITIVE-ONLY ACCUMULATION MODE In positive-only accumulation mode, the energy accumulation is done only for positive power, ignoring any occurrence of negative power above or below the no-load threshold, as shown in Figure 70. The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method when in this mode. The ADE7753 is placed in positive-only accumulation mode by setting the MSB of the mode register (MODE[15]). The default setting for this mode is off. Transitions in the direction of power flow, going from negative to positive or positive to negative, set the IRQ pin to active low if the interrupt enable register is enabled. The interrupt status registers, PPOS and PNEG, show which transition has occurred—see the ADE7753 register descriptions in . Table 12PNEGPPOSPPOSINTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERSPPOSPNEGPNEGIRQNO-LOADTHRESHOLDACTIVE POWERNO-LOADTHRESHOLDACTIVE ENERGY02875-0-069 Figure 70. Energy Accumulation in Positive-Only Accumulation Mode NO-LOAD THRESHOLD The ADE7753 includes a no-load threshold feature on the active energy that eliminates any creep effects in the meter. The ADE7753 accomplishes this by not accumulating energy if the multiplier output is below the no-load threshold. This threshold is 0.001% of the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier. Compare this value to the IEC1036 specification, which states that the meter must start up with a load equal to or less than 0.4% Ib. This standard translates to .0167% of the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier. REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION Reactive power is defined as the product of the voltage and current waveforms when one of these signals is phase-shifted by ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 34 of 60 90°. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous reactive power signal. Equation 25 gives an expression for the instanta-neous reactive power signal in an ac system when the phase of the current channel is shifted by +90°. The average reactive power over an integral number of lines (n) is given in Equation 26. v(t) = )sin(2θ+ωtV (23) ∫==nTVIdttRpnTRP0)sin()(1θ (26) i(t) = )sin(2tIω ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛π+ω=′2sin2)(tIti (24) where: T is the line cycle period. RP is referred to as the reactive power. Note that the reactive power is equal to the dc component of the instantaneous reactive power signal Rp(t) in Equation 25. This is the relationship used to calculate reactive power in the ADE7753. The instantaneous reactive power signal Rp(t) is generated by multiplying Channel 1 and Channel 2. In this case, the phase of Channel 1 is shifted by +90°. The dc component of the instantaneous reactive power signal is then extracted by a low-pass filter in order to obtain the reactive power informa-tion. Figure 71 shows the signal processing in the reactive power calculation in the ADE7753. where: θ is the phase difference between the voltage and current channel. V is the rms voltage. I is the rms current. Rp(t) = v(t) × i’(t) (25) Rp(t) = VI sin (θ) + VI sin(2ωt + θ) ZERO-CROSSINGDETECTIONMULTIPLIER++LVARENERGY [23:0]ACCUMULATE REACTIVEENERGY IN INTERNALREGISTER AND UPDATETHE LVARENERGY REGISTERAT THE END OF LINECYC HALFLINE CYCLESINSTANTANEOUS REACTIVEPOWER SIGNAL (Rp(t))23049002875-0-070LPF1FROMCHANNEL 2ADCLINECYC [15:0]LPF2CALIBRATIONCONTROLπ2VI90 DEGREEPHASE SHIFT Figure 71. Reactive Power Signal Processing ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 35 of 60 The features of the line reactive energy accumulation are the same as the line active energy accumulation. The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINECYC register. LINECYC is an unsigned 16-bit register. The ADE7753 can accumulate reactive power for up to 65535 combined half cycles. At the end of an energy calibration cycle, the CYCEND flag in the interrupt status register is set. If the CYCEND mask bit in the interrupt mask register is enabled, the IRQ output also goes active low. Thus the IRQ line can also be used to signal the end of a cali-bration. The ADE7753 accumulates the reactive power signal in the LVARENERGY register for an integer number of half cycles, as shown in . Figure 71 SIGN OF REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION Note that the average reactive power is a signed calculation. The phase shift filter has –90° phase shift when the integrator is enabled, and +90° phase shift when the integrator is disabled. Table 9 summarizes the relationship between the phase differ-ence between the voltage and the current and the sign of the resulting VAR calculation. Table 9. Sign of Reactive Power Calculation Angle Integrator Sign Between 0° to 90° Off Positive Between –90° to 0° Off Negative Between 0° to 90° On Positive Between –90° to 0° On Negative APPARENT POWER CALCULATION The apparent power is defined as the maximum power that can be delivered to a load. Vrms and Irms are the effective voltage and current delivered to the load; the apparent power (AP) is defined as Vrms × Irms. The angle θ between the active power and the apparent power generally represents the phase shift due to non-resistive loads. For single-phase applications, θ represents the angle between the voltage and the current signals—see Figure 72. REACTIVEPOWERAPPARENTPOWERACTIVEPOWER02875-0-071θ Figure 72. Power Triangle The apparent power is defined as Vrms × Irms. This expression is independent from the phase angle between the current and the voltage. Figure 73 illustrates the signal processing in each phase for the calculation of the apparent power in the ADE7753. VrmsIrms0xAD055APPARENTPOWERSIGNAL(P)CURRENT RMS SIGNAL– i(t)VOLTAGERMSSIGNAL– v(t)MULTIPLIER02875-0-0720x000x1C82B30x000x17D338VAGAIN Figure 73. Apparent Power Signal Processing The gain of the apparent energy can be adjusted by using the multiplier and VAGAIN register (VAGAIN[11:0]). The gain is adjusted by writing a twos complement, 12-bit word to the VAGAIN register. Equation 29 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the VAGAIN register. ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧+×=1221VAGAINPowerApparentINOutputVAGA(29) For example, when 0x7FF is written to the VAGAIN register, the power output is scaled up by 50%. 0x7FF = 2047d, 2047/212 = 0.5. Similarly, 0x800 = –2047d (signed twos complement) and power output is scaled by –50%. Each LSB represents 0.0244% of the power output. The apparent power is calculated with the current and voltage rms values obtained in the rms blocks of the ADE7753. Figure 74 shows the maximum code (hexadecimal) output range of the apparent power signal. Note that the output range changes depending on the contents of the apparent power gain registers. The minimum output range is given when the apparent power gain register content is equal to 0x800 and the maximum range is given by writing 0x7FF to the apparent power gain register. This can be used to calibrate the apparent power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7753. 0x1038800xAD0550x5682B0x000000x0000x7FF0x800{VAGAIN[11:0]}APPARENTPOWER100%FSAPPARENTPOWER150%FSAPPARENTPOWER50%FSAPPARENT POWERCALIBRATION RANGEVOLTAGE AND CURRENTCHANNEL INPUTS: 0.5V/GAIN02875-0-073 Figure 74. Apparent Power Calculation Output Range Apparent Power Offset Calibration Each rms measurement includes an offset compensation register to calibrate and eliminate the dc component in the rms value—see Channel 1 RMS Calculation and Channel 2 RMS Calculation sections. The Channel 1 and Channel 2 rms values are then multiplied together in the apparent power signal processing. Since no additional offsets are created in the multiplication of the rms values, there is no specific offset ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 36 of 60 compensation in the apparent power signal processing. The offset compensation of the apparent power measurement is done by calibrating each individual rms measurement. APPARENT ENERGY CALCULATION The apparent energy is given as the integral of the apparent power. ∫=dttPowerApparentEnergyApparent)( (30) The ADE7753 achieves the integration of the apparent power signal by continuously accumulating the apparent power signal in an internal 49-bit register. The apparent energy register (VAENERGY[23:0]) represents the upper 24 bits of this internal register. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 31 expresses the relationship ⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧×=Σ∞=→00)(nTTnTPowerApparentLimEnergyApparent (31) where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period. The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register in the ADE7753 is 1.1 μs (4/CLKIN). Figure 75 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation. The apparent power signal is continuously added to the internal register. This addition is a signed addition even if the apparent energy remains theoretically always positive. The 49 bits of the internal register are divided by VADIV. If the value in the VADIV register is 0, then the internal active energy register is divided by 1. VADIV is an 8-bit unsigned register. The upper 24 bits are then written in the 24-bit apparent energy register (VAENERGY[23:0]). RVAENERGY register (24 bits long) is provided to read the apparent energy. This register is reset to 0 after a read operation. Figure 76 shows this apparent energy accumulation for full-scale signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three curves displayed illustrate the minimum time it takes the energy register to roll over when the VAGAIN registers content is equal to 0x7FF, 0x000, and 0x800. The VAGAIN register is used to carry out an apparent power calibration in the ADE7753. As shown, the fastest integration time occurs when the VAGAIN register is set to maximum full scale, i.e., 0x7FF. VADIVAPPARENT POWER++VAENERGY [23:0]APPARENTPOWERAREACCUMULATED(INTEGRATED)INTHEAPPARENTENERGYREGISTER23048048002875-0-074%TIME (nT)TACTIVEPOWERSIGNAL=P Figure 75. ADE7753 Apparent Energy Calculation 0xFF,FFFF0x80,00000x40,00000x20,00000x00,0000VAENERGY[23:0]6.2612.5218.7825.04TIME (minutes)VAGAIN = 0x7FFVAGAIN = 0x000VAGAIN = 0x80002875-0-075 Figure 76. Energy Register Rollover Time for Full-Scale Power (Maximum and Minimum Power Gain) Note that the apparent energy register is unsigned—see Figure 76. By using the interrupt enable register, the ADE7753 can be con-figured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when the apparent energy register is more than half full or when an overflow occurs. The half full interrupt for the unsigned apparent energy register is based on 24 bits as opposed to 23 bits for the signed active energy register. Integration Times under Steady Load As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.1 μs (4/CLKIN). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the VAGAIN register set to 0x000, the average word value from apparent power stage is 0xAD055—see the Apparent Power Calculation section. The maximum value that can be stored in the apparent energy register before it overflows is 224 or 0xFF,FFFF. The average word value is added to the internal register, which can store 248 or 0xFFFF,FFFF,FFFF before it ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 37 of 60 overflows. Therefore, the integration time under these conditions with VADIV = 0 is calculated as follows: LINE APPARENT ENERGY ACCUMULATION Time = 055xD0FFFFFFFF,xFFFF,0× 1.2 μs = 888 s = 12.52 min(32) When VADIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration time varies, as shown in Equation 33. Time = TimeWDIV = 0 × VADIV (33) The ADE7753 is designed with a special apparent energy accumulation mode, which simplifies the calibration process. By using the on-chip zero-crossing detection, the ADE7753 accumulates the apparent power signal in the LVAENERGY register for an integral number of half cycles, as shown in Figure 77. The line apparent energy accumulation mode is always active. The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINECYC register, which is an unsigned 16-bit register. The ADE7753 can accumulate apparent power for up to 65535 combined half cycles. Because the apparent power is integrated on the same integral number of line cycles as the line active energy register, these two values can be compared easily. The active energy and the apparent energy are calculated more accurately because of this precise timing control and provide all the information needed for reactive power and power factor calculation. At the end of an energy calibration cycle, the CYCEND flag in the interrupt status register is set. If the CYCEND mask bit in the interrupt mask register is enabled, the IRQ output also goes active low. Thus the IRQ line can also be used to signal the end of a calibration. The line apparent energy accumulation uses the same signal path as the apparent energy accumulation. The LSB size of these two registers is equivalent. VADIV[7:0]LPF1++LVAENERGY [23:0]LVAENERGY REGISTER ISUPDATED EVERY LINECYCZERO CROSSINGS WITH THETOTAL APPARENT ENERGYDURING THAT DURATIONAPPARENTPOWERFROMCHANNEL 2ADC230LINECYC [15:0]48002875-0-076%ZERO-CROSSINGDETECTIONCALIBRATIONCONTROL Figure 77. ADE7753 Apparent Energy Calibration ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 38 of 60 ENERGIES SCALING The ADE7753 provides measurements of active, reactive, and apparent energies. These measurements do not have the same scaling and thus cannot be compared directly to each other. Table 10. Energies Scaling PF = 1 PF = 0.707 PF = 0 Integrator On at 50 Hz Active Wh Wh × 0.707 0 Reactive 0 Wh × 0.508 Wh × 0.719 Apparent Wh × 0.848 Wh × 0.848 Wh × 0.848 Integrator Off at 50 Hz Active Wh Wh × 0.707 0 Reactive 0 Wh × 0.245 Wh × 0.347 Apparent Wh × 0.848 Wh × 0.848 Wh × 0.848 Integrator On at 60 Hz Active Wh Wh × 0.707 0 Reactive 0 Wh × 0.610 Wh × 0.863 Apparent Wh × 0.827 Wh × 0.827 Wh × 0.827 Integrator Off at 60 Hz Active Wh Wh × 0.707 0 Reactive 0 Wh × 0.204 Wh × 0.289 Apparent Wh × 0.827 Wh × 0.827 Wh × 0.827 CALIBRATING AN ENERGY METER BASED ON THE ADE7753 The ADE7753 provides gain and offset compensation for active and apparent energy calibration. Its phase compensation corrects phase error in active, apparent and reactive energy. If a shunt is used, offset and phase calibration may not be required. A reference meter or an accurate source can be used to calibrate the ADE7753. When using a reference meter, the ADE7753 calibration output frequency, CF, is adjusted to match the frequency output of the reference meter. A pulse output is only provided for the active energy measurement in the ADE7753. If it is desired to use a reference meter for calibrating the VA and VAR, then additional code would have to be written in a microprocessor to produce a pulsed output for these quantities. Otherwise, VA and VAR calibration require an accurate source. The ADE7753 provides a line cycle accumulation mode for calibration using an accurate source. In this method, the active energy accumulation rate is adjusted to produce a desired CF frequency. The benefit of using this mode is that the effect of the ripple noise in the active energy is eliminated. Up to 65535 half line cycles can be accumulated, thus providing a stable energy value to average. The accumulation time is calculated from the line cycle period, measured by the ADE7753 in the PERIOD register, and the number of half line cycles in the accumulation, fixed by the LINECYC register. Current and voltage rms offset calibration removes any apparent energy offset. A gain calibration is also provided for apparent energy. Figure 79 shows an optimized calibration flow for active energy, rms, and apparent energy. Active and apparent energy gain calibrations can take place concurrently, with a read of the accumulated apparent energy register following that of the accumulated active energy register. Figure 78 shows the calibration flow for the active energy portion of the ADE7753. Figure 78. Active Energy Calibration The ADE7753 does not provide means to calibrate reactive energy gain and offset. The reactive energy portion of the ADE7753 can be calibrated externally, through a MCU. Figure 79. Apparent and Active Energy Calibration ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 39 of 60 Watt Gain The first step of calibrating the gain is to define the line voltage, base current and the maximum current for the meter. A meter constant needs to be determined for CF, such as 3200 imp/kWh or 3.2 imp/Wh. Note that the line voltage and the maximum current scale to half of their respective analog input ranges in this example. The expected CF in Hz is CFexpected (Hz) = )cos(s/h3600(W)(imp/Wh)ϕ××LoadantMeterConst (34) whereϕis the angle between I and V, and cos is the power factor. )(ϕ The ratio of active energy LSBs per CF pulse is adjusted using the CFNUM, CFDEN, and WDIV registers. CFexpected = )1()1((s)++××CFDENCFNUMWDIVonTimeAccumulatiLAENERGY (35) The relationship between watt-hours accumulated and the quantity read from AENERGY can be determined from the amount of active energy accumulated over time with a given load: hLAENERGYTimeonAccumulatiLoads/3600(s)(W)LSBWh××= (36) where Accumulation Time can be determined from the value in the line period and the number of half line cycles fixed in the LINECYC register. Accumulation time(s) =2(s)PeriodLineLINECYCIB× (37) The line period can be determined from the PERIOD register: Line Period(s) = PERIOD ×CLKIN8 (38) The AENERGY Wh/LSB ratio can also be expressed in terms of the meter constant: (imp/Wh))1()1(LSBWhantMeterConstWDIVCFDENCFNUM×++= (39) In a meter design, WDIV, CFNUM, and CFDEN should be kept constant across all meters to ensure that the Wh/LSB constant is maintained. Leaving WDIV at its default value of 0 ensures maximum resolution. The WDIV register is not included in the CF signal chain so it does not affect the frequency pulse output. The WGAIN register is used to finely calibrate each meter. Cali-brating the WGAIN register changes both CF and AENERGY for a given load condition. AENERGYexpected = AENERGYnominal ×⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+1221WGAIN (40) CFexpected (Hz) = CFnominal × ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+×++1221)1()1(WGAINCFDENCFNUM (41) When calibrating with a reference meter, WGAIN is adjusted until CF matches the reference meter pulse output. If an accurate source is used to calibrate, WGAIN is modified until the active energy accumulation rate yields the expected CF pulse rate. The steps of designing and calibrating the active energy portion of a meter with either a reference meter or an accurate source are outlined in the following examples. The specifications for this example are Meter Constant: MeterConstant(imp/Wh) = 3.2 Base Current: Ib = 10 A Maximum Current: IMAX = 60 A Line Voltage: Vnominal = 220 V Line Frequency: fl = 50 Hz The first step in calibration with either a reference meter or an accurate source is to calculate the CF denominator, CFDEN. This is done by comparing the expected CF pulse output to the nominal CF output with the default CFDEN = 0x3F and CFNUM = 0x3F and when the base current is applied. The expected CF output for this meter with the base current applied is 1.9556 Hz using Equation 34. CFIB(expected)(Hz) = Hz9556.1)cos(s/h3600V220A10imp/Wh200.3=ϕ××× Alternatively, CFexpected can be measured from a reference meter pulse output if available. CFexpected(Hz) = CFref (42) The maximum CF frequency measured without any frequency division and with ac inputs at full scale is 23 kHz. For this example, the nominal CF with the test current, Ib, applied is 958 Hz. In this example the line voltage and maximum current scale half of their respective analog input ranges. The line voltage and maximum current should not be fixed at the maximum analog inputs to account for occurrences such as spikes on the line. CFnominal(Hz) = MAXII×××2121kHz23 (43) CFIB(nominal)(Hz) = Hz95860102121kHz23=××× The nominal CF on a sample set of meters should be measured using the default CFDEN, CFNUM, and WDIV to ensure that the best CFDEN is chosen for the design. With the CFNUM register set to 0, CFDEN is calculated to be 489 for the example meter: ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 40 of 60 CFDEN = 1)()(−⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛expectedIBnominalIBCFCFINT (44) CFDEN = 489)1490(19556.1958=−=−⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛INT This value for CFDEN should be loaded into each meter before calibration. The WGAIN and WDIV registers can then be used to finely calibrate the CF output. The following sections explain how to calibrate a meter based on ADE7753 when using a reference meter or an accurate source. Calibrating Watt Gain Using a Reference Meter Example The CFDEN and CFNUM values for the design should be written to their respective registers before beginning the calibration steps shown in Figure 80. When using a reference meter, the %ERROR in CF is measured by comparing the CF output of the ADE7753 meter with the pulse output of the reference meter with the same test conditions applied to both meters. Equation 45 defines the percent error with respect to the pulse outputs of both meters (using the base current, Ib): %ERRORCF(IB) = 100)()(×−IBrefIBrefIBCFCFCF (45) CALCULATE CFDEN VALUE FOR DESIGNWRITE CFDEN VALUE TO CFDEN REGISTERADDR. 0x15 = CFDENWRITE WGAIN VALUE TO THE WGAINREGISTER: ADDR. 0x12MEASURE THE % ERROR BETWEENTHE CF OUTPUT AND THEREFERENCE METER OUTPUTSET ITEST = Ib, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 102875-A-006CALCULATE WGAIN. SEE EQUATION 46. Figure 80. Calibrating Watt Gain Using a Reference Meter For this example: Meter Constant: MeterConstant(imp/Wh) = 3.2 CF Numerator: CFNUM = 0 CF Denominator: CFDEN = 489 % Error measured at Base Current: %ERRORCF(IB) = -3.07% One LSB change in WGAIN changes the active energy registers and CF by 0.0244%. WGAIN is a signed twos complement register and can correct for up to a 50% error. Assuming a −3.07% error, WGAIN is 126: WGAIN = INT⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−%0244.0%)(IBCFERROR (46) WGAIN = INT 126%0244.0%07.3=⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛−− When CF is calibrated, the AENERGY register has the same Wh/LSB constant from meter to meter if the meter constant, WDIV, and the CFNUM/CFDEN ratio remain the same. The Wh/LSB ratio for this meter is 6.378 × 10−4 using Equation 39 with WDIV at the default value. (imp/Wh))1()1(LSBWhantMeterConstWDIVCFDENCFNUM×++= 410378.62.34901imp/Wh200.3)1490(1LSBWh−×=×=+= Calibrating Watt Gain Using an Accurate Source Example The CFDEN value calculated using Equation 44 should be written to the CFDEN register before beginning calibration and zero should be written to the CFNUM register. First, the line accumulation mode and the line accumulation interrupt should be enabled. Next, the number of half line cycles for the energy accumulation is written to the LINECYC register. This sets the accumulation time. Reset the interrupt status register and wait for the line cycle accumulation interrupt. The first line cycle accumulation results may not have used the accumulation time set by the LINECYC register and should be discarded. After resetting the interrupt status register, the following line cycle readings will be valid. When LINECYC half line cycles have elapsed, the IRQ pin goes active low and the nominal LAENERGY with the test current applied can be read. This LAENERGY value is compared to the expected LAENERGY value to deter-mine the WGAIN value. If apparent energy gain calibration is performed at the same time, LVAENERGY can be read directly after LAENERGY. Both registers should be read before the next interrupt is issued on the IRQ pin. Refer to the section for more details. details the steps that calibrate the watt gain using an accurate source. Apparent Energy CalculationFigure 81 ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 41 of 60 WRITE WGAIN VALUE TO THE WGAINREGISTER: ADDR. 0x12CALCULATE CFDEN VALUE FOR DESIGNWRITE CFDEN VALUE TO CFDEN REGISTERADDR. 0x15 = CFDENSET HALF LINECYCLES FOR ACCUMULATIONIN LINECYC REGISTER ADDR. 0x1CSET ITEST = Ib, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 1CALCULATE WGAIN. SEE EQUATION 47.SET MODE FOR LINE CYCLEACCUMULATION ADDR. 0x09 = 0x0080ENABLE LINE CYCLE ACCUMULATIONINTERRUPT ADDR. 0x0A = 0x04READ LINE ACCUMULATION ENERGYADDR. 0x04RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT?NONOYESYES02875-A-007RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT? Figure 81. Calibrating Watt Gain Using an Accurate Source Equation 47 describes the relationship between the expected LAENERGY value and the LAENERGY measured in the test condition: WGAIN = INT⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−12)()(21nominalIBexpectedIBLAENERGYLAENERGY (47) The nominal LAENERGY reading, LAENERGYIB(nominal), is the LAENERGY reading with the test current applied. The expected LAENERGY reading is calculated from the following equation: LAENERGYIB(expected) = INT⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛×++×WDIVCFDENCFNUMTimeonAccumulatiCFexpectedIB11(s))( (48) where CFIB(expected)(Hz) is calculated from Equation 34, accumula-tion time is calculated from Equation 37, and the line period is determined from the PERIOD register according to Equation 38. For this example: Meter Constant: MeterConstant(imp/Wh) = 3.2 Test Current: Ib = 10 A Line Voltage: Vnominal = 220 V Line Frequency: fl = 50 Hz Half Line Cycles: LINECYCIB = 2000 CF Numerator: CFNUM = 0 CF Denominator: CFDEN = 489 Energy Reading at Base Current: LAENERGYIB (nominal) = 17174 Period Register Reading: PERIOD = 8959 Clock Frequency: CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz CFexpected is calculated to be 1.9556 Hz according to Equation 34. LAENERGYexpected is calculated to be 19186 using Equation 48. CFIB(expected)(Hz) = )(cos(s/h3600A10V220imp/Wh200.3ϕ××× = 1.9556 Hz LAENERGYIB(expected) = INT⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛×++×××WDIVCFDENCFNUMCLKINPERIODLINECYCCFIBexpectedIB11/82/)( LAENERGYIB(expected) = INT114891)10579545.3/(889592/20009556.16⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛+××××= 19186)4.19186(=INT WGAIN is calculated to be 480 using Equation 47. WGAIN = INT48021171741918612=⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛×⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛− Note that WGAIN is a signed twos complement register. With WDIV and CFNUM set to 0, LAENERGY can be expressed as ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 42 of 60 LAENERGYIB(expected) = ))1(/82/()(+××××CFDENCLKINPERIODLINECYCCFINTIBexpectedIB The calculated Wh/LSB ratio for the active energy register, using Equation 39 is 6.378 × 10−4: 410378.6imp/Wh200.3)1489(1LSBWh−×=+= Watt Offset Offset calibration allows outstanding performance over a wide dynamic range, for example, 1000:1. To do this calibration two measurements are needed at unity power factor, one at Ib and the other at the lowest current to be corrected. Either calibration frequency or line cycle accumulation measurements can be used to determine the energy offset. Gain calibration should be performed prior to offset calibration. Offset calibration is performed by determining the active energy error rate. Once the active energy error rate has been determined, the value to write to the APOS register to correct the offset is calculated. APOS = − CLKINRateErrorAENERGY352× (49) The AENERGY registers update at a rate of CLKIN/4. The twos complement APOS register provides a fine adjustment to the active power calculation. It represents a fixed amount of power offset to be adjusted every CLKIN/4. The 8 LSBs of the APOS register are fractional such that one LSB of APOS represents 1/256 of the least significant bit of the internal active energy register. Therefore, one LSB of the APOS register represents 2−33 of the AENERGY[23:0] active energy register. The steps involved in determining the active energy error rate for both line accumulation and reference meter calibration options are shown in the following sections. Calibrating Watt Offset Using a Reference Meter Example Figure 82 shows the steps involved in calibrating watt offset with a reference meter. WRITE APOS VALUE TO THE APOSREGISTER: ADDR. 0x11MEASURE THE % ERROR BETWEEN THECF OUTPUT AND THE REFERENCE METEROUTPUT, AND THE LOAD IN WATTSSET ITEST = IMIN, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 102875-A-008CALCULATE APOS. SEE EQUATION 49. Figure 82. Calibrating Watt Offset Using a Reference Meter For this example: Meter Constant: MeterConstant(imp/Wh) = 3.2 Minimum Current: IMIN = 40 mA Load at Minimum Current: WIMIN = 9.6 W CF Error at Minimum Current: %ERRORCF(IMIN) = 1.3% CF Numerator: CFNUM = 0 CF Denominator: CFDEN = 489 Clock Frequency: CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz Using Equation 49, APOS is calculated to be −522 for this example. CF Absolute Error = CFIMIN(nominal) − CFIMIN(expected) (50) CF Absolute Error = (%ERRORCF(IMIN)) × WIMIN × 3600(imp/Wh)antMeterConst (51) CF Absolute Error = Hz000110933.03600200.36.9100%3.1=××⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛ Then, AENERGY Error Rate (LSB/s) = CF Absolute Error × 11++CFNUMCFDEN (52) AENERGY Error Rate (LSB/s) = 0.000110933 × 05436.01490= Using Equation 49, APOS is −522. APOS = − 52210579545.3205436.0635−=×× APOS can be represented as follows with CFNUM and WDIV set at 0: APOS = −CLKINCFDENantMeterConstWERRORIMINIMINCF35)(2)1(3600(imp/Wh))(%×+××× ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 43 of 60 Calibrating Watt Offset with an Accurate Source Example Figure 83 is the flowchart for watt offset calibration with an accurate source. SET HALF LINE CYCLES FOR ACCUMULATIONIN LINECYC REGISTER ADDR. 0x1CSET ITEST = IMIN, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 1CALCULATE APOS. SEE EQUATION 49.SET MODE FOR LINE CYCLEACCUMULATION ADDR. 0x09 = 0x0080ENABLE LINE CYCLE ACCUMULATIONINTERRUPT ADDR. 0x0A = 0x04READ LINE ACCUMULATION ENERGYADDR. 0x04RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT?NONOYESYESRESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT?WRITE APOS VALUE TO THE APOSREGISTER: ADDR. 0x1102875-A-009 Figure 83. Calibrating Watt Offset with an Accurate Source For this example: Meter Constant: MeterConstant(imp/Wh) = 3.2 Line Voltage: Vnominal = 220 V Line Frequency: fl = 50 Hz CF Numerator: CFNUM = 0 CF Denominator: CFDEN = 489 Base Current: Ib = 10 A Half Line Cycles Used at Base Current: LINECYC(IB) = 2000 Period Register Reading: PERIOD = 8959 Clock Frequency: CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz Expected LAENERGY Register Value at Base Current (from the Watt Gain section):LAENERGYIB(expected) = 19186 Minimum Current: IMIN = 40 mA Number of Half Line Cycles used at Minimum Current: LINECYC(IMIN) = 35700 Active energy Reading at Minimum Current: LAENERGYIMIN(nominal) = 1395 The LAENERGYexpected at IMIN is 1370 using Equation 53. LAENERGYIMIN(expected) = INT ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛××IBMINexpectedIBBMINLINECYCLINECYCILAENERGYII)((53) LAENERGYIMIN(expected) = INT 1370)80.1369(200035700191861004.0==⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛××INT where: LAENERGYIB(expected) is the expected LAENERGY reading at Ib from the watt gain calibration. LINECYCIMIN is the number of half line cycles that energy is accumulated over when measuring at IMIN. More line cycles could be required at the minimum current to minimize the effect of quantization error on the offset calibration. For example, if a test current of 40 mA results in an active energy accumulation of 113 after 2000 half line cycles, one LSB variation in this reading represents an 0.8% error. This measurement does not provide enough resolution to calibrate out a <1% offset error. However, if the active energy is accumulated over 37,500 half line cycles, one LSB variation results in 0.05% error, reducing the quantization error. APOS is −672 using Equations 55 and 49. LAENERGY Absolute Error = LAENERGYIMIN(nominal) − LAENERGYIMIN(expected) LAENERGY Absolute Error = 1395 − 1370 = 25 (54) AENERGY Error Rate (LSB/s) = PERIODCLKINLINECYCErrorAbsoluteLAENERGY××82/ (55) AENERGY Error Rate (LSB/s) = 069948771.08959810579545.32/35700256=××× APOS = −CLKINRateErrorAENERGY352× APOS = −67210579545.32069948771.0635−=×× ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 44 of 60 Phase Calibration The PHCAL register is provided to remove small phase errors. The ADE7753 compensates for phase error by inserting a small time delay or advance on the voltage channel input. Phase leads up to 1.84° and phase lags up to 0.72° at 50 Hz can be corrected. The error is determined by measuring the active energy at IB and two power factors, PF = 1 and PF =0.5 inductive. Some CTs may introduce large phase errors that are beyond the range of the phase calibration register. In this case, coarse phase compensation has to be done externally with an analog filter. The phase error can be obtained from either CF or LAENERGY measurements: Error = 22)()(5.,expectedIBexpectedIBPFIBLAENERGYLAENERGYLAENERGY−= (56) If watt gain and offset calibration have been performed, there should be 0% error in CF at unity power factor and then: Error = %ERRORCF(IB,PF = .5) /100 (57) The phase error is Phase Error (°) = −Arcsin⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛3Error (58) The relationship between phase error and the PHCAL phase correction register is PHCAL= INT()+⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛°×°360PERIODErrorPhase0x0D (59) The expression for PHCAL can be simplified using the assumption that at small x: Arcsin(x) ≈ x The delay introduced in the voltage channel by PHCAL is Delay = (PHCAL − 0x0D) × 8/CLKIN (60) The delay associated with the PHCAL register is a time delay if (PHCAL − 0x0D) is positive but represents a time advance if this quantity is negative. There is no time delay if PHCAL = 0x0D. The phase correction is in the opposite direction of the phase error. Phase Correction (°) = −(PHCAL − 0x0D) PERIOD°×360 (61) Calibrating Phase Using a Reference Meter Example A power factor of 0.5 inductive can be assumed if the pulse output rate of the reference meter is half of its PF = 1 rate. Then the %ERROR between CF and the pulse output of the reference meter can be used to perform the preceding calculations. WRITE PHCAL VALUE TO THE PHCALREGISTER: ADDR. 0x10MEASURE THE % ERROR BETWEENTHE CF OUTPUT AND THEREFERENCE METER OUTPUTSET ITEST = Ib, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 0.502875-A-010CALCULATE PHCAL. SEE EQUATION 59. Figure 84. Calibrating Phase Using a Reference Meter For this example: CF % Error at PF = .5 Inductive: %ERRORCF(IB,PF = .5) = 0.215% PERIOD Register Reading: PERIOD = 8959 Then PHCAL is 11 using Equations 57 through 59: Error = 0.215% / 100 = 0.00215 Phase Error (°) = −Arcsin°−=⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛07.0300215.0 PHCAL = INT⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛°×°−360895907.0+0x0D = −2 + 13 = 11 PHCAL can be expressed as follows: PHCAL = INT ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛π×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−23ArcsinPERIODError+ 0x0D (62) Note that PHCAL is a signed twos complement register. Setting the PHCAL register to 11 provides a phase correction of 0.08° to correct the phase lead: Phase Correction (°) = PERIODPHCAL°×−−360)0x0D( Phase Correction (°) = °=°×−−08.08960360)0x0D11( ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 45 of 60 Calibrating Phase with an Accurate Source Example With an accurate source, line cycle accumulation is a good method of calibrating phase error. The value of LAENERGY must be obtained at two power factors, PF = 1 and PF = 0.5 inductive. SET HALF LINE CYCLES FOR ACCUMULATIONIN LINECYC REGISTER ADDR. 0x1CSET ITEST = Ib, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 0.5CALCULATE PHCAL. SEE EQUATION 59.SET MODE FOR LINE CYCLEACCUMULATION ADDR. 0x09 = 0x0080ENABLE LINE CYCLE ACCUMULATIONINTERRUPT ADDR. 0x0A = 0x04READ LINE ACCUMULATION ENERGYADDR. 0x04RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT?NONOYESYESRESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT?WRITE PHCAL VALUE TO THE PHCALREGISTER: ADDR. 0x1002875-A-011 Figure 85. Calibrating Phase with an Accurate Source For this example: Meter Constant: MeterConstant(imp/Wh) = 3.2 Line Voltage: Vnominal = 220 V Line Frequency: fl = 50 Hz CF Numerator: CFNUM = 0 CF Denominator: CFDEN = 489 Base Current: Ib = 10 A Half Line Cycles Used at Base Current: LINECYCIB = 2000 PERIOD Register: PERIOD = 8959 Expected Line Accumulation at Unity Power Factor (from Watt Gain Section: LAENERGYIB(expected) = 19186 Active Energy Reading at PF = .5 inductive: LAENERGYIB, PF = .5 = 9613 The error using Equation 56 is Error = 0021.02191862191869613=− Phase Error (°) = −Arcsin°−=⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛07.030021.0 Using Equation 59, PHCAL is calculated to be 11. PHCAL = INT111320x0D360895907.0=+−=+⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛°×°− Note that PHCAL is a signed twos complement register. The phase lead is corrected by 0.08° when the PHCAL register is set to 11: Phase Correction (°) = PERIODPHCAL°×−−360)0x0D( Phase Correction (°) = °=°×−−08.08960360)0x0D11( VRMS and IRMS Calibration VRMS and IRMS are calculated by squaring the input in a digital multiplier. )2cos()sin(V2)sin(V2)(tVVtttv222ω×−=ω×ω= (63) The square of the rms value is extracted from v2(t) by a low-pass filter. The square root of the output of this low-pass filter gives the rms value. An offset correction is provided to cancel noise and offset contributions from the input. There is ripple noise from the 2ω term because the low-pass filter does not completely attenuate the signal. This noise can be minimized by synchronizing the rms register readings with the zero crossing of the voltage signal. The IRQ output can be configured to indicate the zero crossing of the voltage signal. This flowchart demonstrates how VRMS and IRMS readings are synchronized to the zero crossings of the voltage input. SET INTERRUPT ENABLE FOR ZEROCROSSING ADDR. 0x0A = 0x0010RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0CINTERRUPT?NOYES02875-A-003READ VRMS OR IRMSADDR. 0x17; 0x16RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. 0x0C Figure 86. Synchronizing VRMS and IRMS Readings with Zero Crossings ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 46 of 60 Apparent Energy Voltage rms compensation is done after the LPF3 filter (see Figure 56). Apparent energy gain calibration is provided for both meter-to-meter gain adjustment and for setting the VAh/LSB constant. VRMS = VRMS0 + VRMSOS (64) VAENERGY = ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+××12211VAGAINVADIVVAENERGYinitial (68) where: VRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction. VRMS is linear from full-scale to full-scale/20. VADIV is similar to the CFDEN for the watt hour calibration. It should be the same across all meters and determines the VAh/LSB constant. VAGAIN is used to calibrate individual meters. To calibrate the offset, two VRMS measurements are required, for example, at Vnominal and Vnominal/10. Vnominal is set at half of the full-scale analog input range so the smallest linear VRMS reading is at Vnominal/10. VRMSOS = 121221VVVRMSVVRMSV−×−× (65) Apparent energy gain calibration should be performed before rms offset correction to make most efficient use of the current test points. Apparent energy gain and watt gain compensation require testing at Ib while rms and watt offset correction require a lower test current. Apparent energy gain calibration can be done at the same time as the watt-hour gain calibration using line cycle accumulation. In this case, LAENERGY and LVAENERGY, the line cycle accumulation apparent energy register, are both read following the line cycle accumulation interrupt. Figure 87 shows a flowchart for calibrating active and apparent energy simultaneously. where VRMS1 and VRMS2 are rms register values without offset correction for input V1 and V2, respectively. If the range of the 12-bit, twos complement VRMSOS register is not enough, the voltage channel offset register, CH2OS, can be used to correct the VRMS offset. Current rms compensation is performed before the square root: IRMS2 = IRMS02 + 32768 × IRMSOS (66) VAGAIN = INT⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−12)()(21nominalIBexpectedIBLVAENERGYLVAENERGY(69) where IRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction. The current rms calculation is linear from full-scale to full-scale/100. LVAENERGYIB(expected) = INT⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝⎛×××(s)s/h3600timeonAccumulaticonstantLSBVAhIVBnominal(70) To calibrate this offset, two IRMS measurements are required, for example, at Ib and IMAX/50. IMAX is set at half of the full-scale analog input range so the smallest linear IRMS reading is at IMAX/50. IRMSOS = 212221222221IIIRMSIIRMSI−×−××327681 (67) The accumulation time is determined from Equation 37 and the line period can be determined from the PERIOD register accord-ing to Equation 38. The VAh represented by the VAENERGY register is where IRMS1 and IRMS2 are rms register values without offset correction for input I1 and I2, respectively. VAh = VAENERGY × VAh/LSB constant (71) The VAh/LSB constant can be verified using this equation: LVAENERGYtimeonAccumulatiVAconstantLSBVAh3600(s)×= (72) ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 47 of 60 CALCULATE CFDEN VALUE FOR DESIGNWRITE CFDEN VALUE TO CFDEN REGISTERADDR. 0x15 = CFDENSET HALF LINE CYCLES FOR ACCUMULATIONIN LINECYC REGISTER ADDR. 0x1CSET ITEST = Ib, VTEST = VNOM, PF = 1CALCULATE WGAIN. SEE EQUATION 47.SET MODE FOR LINE CYCLEACCUMULATION ADDR. 0x09 = 0x0080ENABLE LINE CYCLE ACCUMULATIONINTERRUPT ADDR. 0x0A = 0x04READ LINE ACCUMULATION ENERGYACTIVE ENERGY: ADDR. 0x04APPARAENT ENERGY: ADDR. 0x07RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. = 0x0CINTERRUPT?NONOYESYES02875-A-004RESET THE INTERRUPT STATUSREAD REGISTER ADDR. = 0x0CINTERRUPT?WRITE WGAIN VALUE TO ADDR. 0x12CALCULATE VAGAIN. SEE EQUATION 69.WRITE VGAIN VALUE TO ADDR. 0x1A Figure 87. Active/Apparent Gain Calibration Reactive Energy Reactive energy is only available in line accumulation mode in the ADE7753. The accumulated reactive energy over LINECYC number of half line cycles is stored in the LVARENERGY register. In the ADE7753, a low-pass filter at 2 Hz on the current channel is implemented for the reactive power calculation. This provides the 90 degree phase shift needed to calculate the reactive power. This filter introduces 1/f attenuation in the reactive energy accumulated. Compensation for this attenuation can be done externally in a microcontroller. The microcontroller can use the LVARENERGY register in order to produce a pulse output similar to the CF pulse for reactive energy. To create a VAR pulse, an impulse/VARh constant must be determined. The 1/f attenuation correction factor is determined by comparing the nominal reactive energy accumulation rate to the expected value. The attenuation correction factor is multi-plied by the contents of the LVARENERGY register, with the ADE7753 in line accumulation mode. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 48 of 60 The impulse/LSB ratio used to convert the value in the LVARENERGY register into a pulse output can be expressed in terms of impulses/VARh and VARh/LSB. imp/LSB = nominalexpectedIBVARCFVARCFLSBVARhVARhimp)(//=× (73) VARCFIB(expected) = )sin(s/h3600)/(ϕ×××bnominalIVVARhimptVARConstan (74) VARCFIB(nominal) = PERIODtimeonAccumulatiPERIODLVARENERGYIB××(s)Hz50 (75) where the accumulation time is calculated from Equation 37. The line period can be determined from the PERIOD register according to Equation 38. Then VAR can be determined from the LVARENERGY register value: VARh = PERIODPERIODLSBVARhLVARENERGYIBHz50/×× (76) VAR = PERIODtimeonAccumulatiPERIODLSBVARhLVARENERGYIB×××(s)s/h3600/Hz50 (77) The PERIOD50 Hz/PERIOD factor in the preceding VAR equations is the correction factor for the 1/f frequency attenuation of the low-pass filter. The PERIOD50 Hz term refers to the line period at calibration and could represent a frequency other than 50 Hz. CLKIN FREQUENCY In this data sheet, the characteristics of the ADE7753 are shown when CLKIN frequency is equal to 3.579545 MHz. However, the ADE7753 is designed to have the same accuracy at any CLKIN frequency within the specified range. If the CLKIN frequency is not 3.579545 MHz, various timing and filter characteristics need to be redefined with the new CLKIN frequency. For example, the cutoff frequencies of all digital filters such as LPF1, LPF2, or HPF1, shift in proportion to the change in CLKIN frequency according to the following equation: MHzFrequencyCLKINFrequencyOriginalFrequencyNew579545.3×= (78) The change of CLKIN frequency does not affect the timing characteristics of the serial interface because the data transfer is synchronized with serial clock signal (SCLK). But one needs to observe the read/write timing of the serial data transfer—see the ADE7753 timing characteristics in Table 2. Table 11 lists various timing changes that are affected by CLKIN frequency. Table 11. Frequency Dependencies of the ADE7753 Parameters Parameter CLKIN Dependency Nyquist Frequency for CH 1 and CH 2 ADCs CLKIN/8 PHCAL Resolution (Seconds per LSB) 4/CLKIN Active Energy Register Update Rate (Hz) CLKIN/4 Waveform Sampling Rate (per Second) WAVSEL 1,0 = 0 0 CLKIN/128 0 1 CLKIN/256 1 0 CLKIN/512 1 1 CLKIN/1024 Maximum ZXTOUT Period 524,288/CLKIN SUSPENDING ADE7753 FUNCTIONALITY The analog and the digital circuit can be suspended separately. The analog portion of the ADE7753 can be suspended by setting the ASUSPEND bit (Bit 4) of the mode register to logic high—see the Mode Register (0x9) section. In suspend mode, all wave-form samples from the ADCs are set to 0. The digital circuitry can be halted by stopping the CLKIN input and maintaining a logic high or low on the CLKIN pin. The ADE7753 can be reactivated by restoring the CLKIN input and setting the ASUSPEND bit to logic low. CHECKSUM REGISTER The ADE7753 has a checksum register (CHECKSUM[5:0]) to ensure the data bits received in the last serial read operation are not corrupted. The 6-bit checksum register is reset before the first bit (MSB of the register to be read) is put on the DOUT pin. During a serial read operation, when each data bit becomes available on the rising edge of SCLK, the bit is added to the checksum register. In the end of the serial read operation, the content of the checksum register is equal to the sum of all ones in the register previously read. Using the checksum register, the user can determine if an error has occurred during the last read operation. Note that a read to the checksum register also generates a checksum of the checksum register itself. CONTENT OF REGISTER (n-bytes)CHECKSUM REGISTERADDR:0x3E++DOUT02875-0-077 Figure 88. Checksum Register for Serial Interface Read ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 49 of 60 ADE7753 SERIAL INTERFACE All ADE7753 functionality is accessible via several on-chip registers—see Figure 89. The contents of these registers can be updated or read using the on-chip serial interface. After power-on or toggling the RESET pin low or a falling edge on CS, the ADE7753 is placed in communications mode. In communica-tions mode, the ADE7753 expects a write to its communications register. The data written to the communications register determines whether the next data transfer operation is a read or a write and also which register is accessed. Therefore all data transfer operations with the ADE7753, whether a read or a write, must begin with a write to the communications register. COMMUNICATIONSREGISTERINOUTINOUTINOUTINOUTINOUTREGISTER 1REGISTER 2REGISTER 3REGISTER n–1REGISTER nREGISTERADDRESSDECODEDINDOUT02875-0-078 Figure 89. Addressing ADE7753 Registers via the Communications Register The communications register is an 8-bit wide register. The MSB determines whether the next data transfer operation is a read or a write. The six LSBs contain the address of the register to be accessed—see the Communications Register section for a more detailed description. Figure 90 and Figure 91 show the data transfer sequences for a read and write operation, respectively. On completion of a data transfer (read or write), the ADE7753 once again enters communications mode. A data transfer is complete when the LSB of the ADE7753 register being addressed (for a write or a read) is transferred to or from the ADE7753. MULTIBYTECOMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITEDINSCLKCSDOUTREAD DATAADDRESS0002875-0-079 Figure 90. Reading Data from the ADE7753 via the Serial Interface COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITEDINSCLKCSADDRESS0102875-0-080MULTIBYTEREAD DATA Figure 91. Writing Data to the ADE7753 via the Serial Interface The serial interface of the ADE7753 is made up of four signals: SCLK, DIN, DOUT, and CS. The serial clock for a data transfer is applied at the SCLK logic input. This logic input has a Schmitt-trigger input structure that allows slow rising (and falling) clock edges to be used. All data transfer operations are synchronized to the serial clock. Data is shifted into the ADE7753 at the DIN logic input on the falling edge of SCLK. Data is shifted out of the ADE7753 at the DOUT logic output on a rising edge of SCLK. The CS logic input is the chip-select input. This input is used when multiple devices share the serial bus. A falling edge on CS also resets the serial interface and places the ADE7753 into communications mode. The CS input should be driven low for the entire data transfer operation. Bringing CS high during a data transfer operation aborts the transfer and places the serial bus in a high impedance state. The CS logic input can be tied low if the ADE7753 is the only device on the serial bus. However, with CS tied low, all initiated data transfer operations must be fully completed, i.e., the LSB of each register must be transferred because there is no other way of bringing the ADE7753 back into communications mode without resetting the entire device by using RESET. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 50 of 60 ADE7753 Serial Write Operation The serial write sequence takes place as follows. With the ADE7753 in communications mode (i.e., the CS input logic low), a write to the communications register first takes place. The MSB of this byte transfer is a 1, indicating that the data transfer operation is a write. The LSBs of this byte contain the address of the register to be written to. The ADE7753 starts shifting in the register data on the next falling edge of SCLK. All remaining bits of register data are shifted in on the falling edge of subsequent SCLK pulses—see . As explained earlier, the data write is initiated by a write to the communications register followed by the data. During a data write operation to the ADE7753, data is transferred to all on-chip registers one byte at a time. After a byte is transferred into the serial port, there is a finite time before it is transferred to one of the ADE7753 on-chip registers. Although another byte transfer to the serial port can start while the previous byte is being transferred to an on-chip register, this second byte transfer Figure 92 should not finish until at least 4 μs after the end of the previous byte transfer. This functionality is expressed in the timing specification t6—see Figure 92. If a write operation is aborted during a byte transfer (CS brought high), then that byte cannot be written to the destination register. Destination registers can be up to 3 bytes wide—see the ADE7753 Register Description tables. Therefore the first byte shifted into the serial port at DIN is transferred to the MSB (most significant byte) of the destination register. If, for example, the addressed register is 12 bits wide, a 2-byte data transfer must take place. The data is always assumed to be right justified, therefore in this case, the four MSBs of the first byte would be ignored and the four LSBs of the first byte written to the ADE7753 would be the four MSBs of the 12-bit word. Figure 93 illustrates this example. DINSCLKCSt2t3t1t4t5t7t6t8COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE10A4A5A3A2A1A0DB7DB0DB7DB0t702875-0-081 Figure 92. Serial Interface Write Timing SCLKDINXXXXDB11DB10DB9DB8DB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB0MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE02875-0-082 Figure 93. 12-Bit Serial Write Operation ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 51 of 60 ADE7753 Serial Read Operation During a data read operation from the ADE7753, data is shifted out at the DOUT logic output on the rising edge of SCLK. As is the case with the data write operation, a data read must be preceded with a write to the communications register. With the ADE7753 in communications mode (i.e., CS logic low), an 8-bit write to the communications register first takes place. The MSB of this byte transfer is a 0, indicating that the next data transfer operation is a read. The LSBs of this byte contain the address of the register that is to be read. The ADE7753 starts shifting out of the register data on the next rising edge of SCLK—see . At this point, the DOUT logic output leaves its high impedance state and starts driving the data bus. All remaining bits of register data are shifted out on subsequent SCLK rising edges. The serial interface also enters communications mode again as soon as the read has been completed. At this point, the DOUT logic output enters a high impedance state on the falling edge of the last SCLK pulse. The read operation can be aborted by bringing the Figure 94CS logic input high before the data transfer is complete. The DOUT output enters a high impedance state on the rising edge of CS. When an ADE7753 register is addressed for a read operation, the entire contents of that register are transferred to the serial port. This allows the ADE7753 to modify its on-chip registers without the risk of corrupting data during a multibyte transfer. Note that when a read operation follows a write operation, the read command (i.e., write to communications register) should not happen for at least 4 μs after the end of the write operation. If the read command is sent within 4 μs of the write operation, the last byte of the write operation could be lost. This timing constraint is given as timing specification t9. SCLKCSt1t10t1300A4A5A3A2A1A0DB0DB7DB0DB7DINDOUTt11t11t12COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTEt902875-0-083 Figure 94. Serial Interface Read Timing ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 52 of 60 ADE7753 REGISTERS Table 12. Summary of Registers by Address Address Name R/W No. Bits Default Type1 Description 0x01 WAVEFORM R 24 0x0 S Waveform Register. This read-only register contains the sampled waveform data from either Channel 1, Channel 2, or the active power signal. The data source and the length of the waveform registers are selected by data Bits 14 and 13 in the mode register—see the Channel 1 Sampling and Channel 2 Sampling sections. 0x02 AENERGY R 24 0x0 S Active Energy Register. Active power is accumulated (integrated) over time in this 24-bit, read-only register—see the Energy Calculation section. 0x03 RAENERGY R 24 0x0 S Same as the active energy register except that the register is reset to 0 following a read operation. 0x04 LAENERGY R 24 0x0 S Line Accumulation Active Energy Register. The instantaneous active power is accumulated in this read-only register over the LINECYC number of half line cycles. 0x05 VAENERGY R 24 0x0 U Apparent Energy Register. Apparent power is accumulated over time in this read-only register. 0x06 RVAENERGY R 24 0x0 U Same as the VAENERGY register except that the register is reset to 0 following a read operation. 0x07 LVAENERGY R 24 0x0 U Line Accumulation Apparent Energy Register. The instantaneous real power is accumulated in this read-only register over the LINECYC number of half line cycles. 0x08 LVARENERGY R 24 0x0 S Line Accumulation Reactive Energy Register. The instantaneous reactive power is accumulated in this read-only register over the LINECYC number of half line cycles. 0x09 MODE R/W 16 0x000C U Mode Register. This is a 16-bit register through which most of the ADE7753 functionality is accessed. Signal sample rates, filter enabling, and calibration modes are selected by writing to this register. The contents can be read at any time—see the Mode Register (0x9) section. 0x0A IRQEN R/W 16 0x40 U Interrupt Enable Register. ADE7753 interrupts can be deactivated at any time by setting the corresponding bit in this 16- bit enable register to Logic 0. The status register continues to register an interrupt event even if disabled. However, the IRQ output is not activated—see the section. ADE7753 Interrupts 0x0B STATUS R 16 0x0 U Interrupt Status Register. This is an 16-bit read-only register. The status register contains information regarding the source of ADE7753 interrupts—the see ADE7753 Interrupts section. 0x0C RSTSTATUS R 16 0x0 U Same as the interrupt status register except that the register contents are reset to 0 (all flags cleared) after a read operation. 0x0D CH1OS R/W 8 0x00 S* Channel 1 Offset Adjust. Bit 6 is not used. Writing to Bits 0 to 5 allows offsets on Channel 1 to be removed—see the Analog Inputs and CH1OS Register (0x0D) sections. Writing a Logic 1 to the MSB of this register enables the digital integrator on Channel 1, a Logic 0 disables the integrator. The default value of this bit is 0. 0x0E CH2OS R/W 8 0x0 S* Channel 2 Offset Adjust. Bits 6 and 7 are not used. Writing to Bits 0 to 5 of this register allows any offsets on Channel 2 to be removed—see the Analog Inputs section. Note that the CH2OS register is inverted. To apply a positive offset, a negative number is written to this register. 0x0F GAIN R/W 8 0x0 U PGA Gain Adjust. This 8-bit register is used to adjust the gain selection for the PGA in Channels 1 and 2—see the Analog Inputs section. 0x10 PHCAL R/W 6 0x0D S Phase Calibration Register. The phase relationship between Channel 1 and 2 can be adjusted by writing to this 6-bit register. The valid content of this twos compliment register is between 0x1D to 0x21. At a line frequency of 60 Hz, this is a range from –2.06° to +0.7°—see the Phase Compensation section. 0x11 APOS R/W 16 0x0 S Active Power Offset Correction. This 16-bit register allows small offsets in the active power calculation to be removed—see the Active Power Calculation section. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 53 of 60 Address Name R/W No. Bits Default Type1 Description 0x12 WGAIN R/W 12 0x0 S Power Gain Adjust. This is a 12-bit register. The active power calculation can be calibrated by writing to this register. The calibration range is ±50% of the nominal full-scale active power. The resolution of the gain adjust is 0.0244%/LSB —see the Calibrating an Energy Meter Based on the ADE7753 section. 0x13 WDIV R/W 8 0x0 U Active Energy Divider Register. The internal active energy register is divided by the value of this register before being stored in the AENERGY register. 0x14 CFNUM R/W 12 0x3F U CF Frequency Divider Numerator Register. The output frequency on the CF pin is adjusted by writing to this 12-bit read/write register—see the Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section. 0x15 CFDEN R/W 12 0x3F U CF Frequency Divider Denominator Register. The output frequency on the CF pin is adjusted by writing to this 12-bit read/write register—see the Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section. 0x16 IRMS R 24 0x0 U Channel 1 RMS Value (Current Channel). 0x17 VRMS R 24 0x0 U Channel 2 RMS Value (Voltage Channel). 0x18 IRMSOS R/W 12 0x0 S Channel 1 RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x19 VRMSOS R/W 12 0x0 S Channel 2 RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x1A VAGAIN R/W 12 0x0 S Apparent Gain Register. Apparent power calculation can be calibrated by writing to this register. The calibration range is 50% of the nominal full-scale real power. The resolution of the gain adjust is 0.02444%/LSB. 0x1B VADIV R/W 8 0x0 U Apparent Energy Divider Register. The internal apparent energy register is divided by the value of this register before being stored in the VAENERGY register. 0x1C LINECYC R/W 16 0xFFFF U Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode Line-Cycle Register. This 16-bit register is used during line cycle energy accumulation mode to set the number of half line cycles for energy accumulation—see the Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode section. 0x1D ZXTOUT R/W 12 0xFFF U Zero-Crossing Timeout. If no zero crossings are detected on Channel 2 within a time period specified by this 12-bit register, the interrupt request line (IRQ) is activated—see the section. Zero-Crossing Detection 0x1E SAGCYC R/W 8 0xFF U Sag Line Cycle Register. This 8-bit register specifies the number of consecutive line cycles the signal on Channel 2 must be below SAGLVL before the SAG output is activated—see the Line Voltage Sag Detection section. 0x1F SAGLVL R/W 8 0x0 U Sag Voltage Level. An 8-bit write to this register determines at what peak signal level on Channel 2 the SAG pin becomes active. The signal must remain low for the number of cycles specified in the SAGCYC register before the SAG pin is activated—see the section. Line Voltage Sag Detection 0x20 IPKLVL R/W 8 0xFF U Channel 1 Peak Level Threshold (Current Channel). This register sets the level of the current peak detection. If the Channel 1 input exceeds this level, the PKI flag in the status register is set. 0x21 VPKLVL R/W 8 0xFF U Channel 2 Peak Level Threshold (Voltage Channel). This register sets the level of the voltage peak detection. If the Channel 2 input exceeds this level, the PKV flag in the status register is set. 0x22 IPEAK R 24 0x0 U Channel 1 Peak Register. The maximum input value of the current channel since the last read of the register is stored in this register. 0x23 RSTIPEAK R 24 0x0 U Same as Channel 1 Peak Register except that the register contents are reset to 0 after read. 0x24 VPEAK R 24 0x0 U Channel 2 Peak Register. The maximum input value of the voltage channel since the last read of the register is stored in this register. 0x25 RSTVPEAK R 24 0x0 U Same as Channel 2 Peak Register except that the register contents are reset to 0 after a read. 0x26 TEMP R 8 0x0 S Temperature Register. This is an 8-bit register which contains the result of the latest temperature conversion—see the Temperature Measurement section. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 54 of 60 Address Name R/W No. Bits Default Type1 Description 0x27 PERIOD R 16 0x0 U Period of the Channel 2 (Voltage Channel) Input Estimated by Zero-Crossing Processing. The MSB of this register is always zero. 0x28–0x3C Reserved. 0x3D TMODE R/W 8 – U Test Mode Register. 0x3E CHKSUM R 6 0x0 U Checksum Register. This 6-bit read-only register is equal to the sum of all the ones in the previous read—see the ADE7753 Serial Read Operation section. 0x3F DIEREV R 8 – U Die Revision Register. This 8-bit read-only register contains the revision number of the silicon. 1 Type decoder: U = unsigned, S = signed by twos complement method, and S* = signed by sign magnitude method. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 55 of 60 ADE7753 REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS All ADE7753 functionality is accessed via the on-chip registers. Each register is accessed by first writing to the communications register and then transferring the register data. A full description of the serial interface protocol is given in the ADE7753 Serial Interface section. COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER The communications register is an 8-bit, write-only register which controls the serial data transfer between the ADE7753 and the host processor. All data transfer operations must begin with a write to the communications register. The data written to the communications register determines whether the next operation is a read or a write and which register is being accessed. Table 13 outlines the bit designations for the communications register. DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 W/R 0 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Table 13. Communications Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Description 0 to 5 A0 to A5 The six LSBs of the communications register specify the register for the data transfer operation. Table 12 lists the address of each ADE7753 on-chip register. 6 RESERVED This bit is unused and should be set to 0. 7 W/R When this bit is a Logic 1, the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the communications register is interpreted as a write to the ADE7753. When this bit is a Logic 0, the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the communications register is interpreted as a read operation. MODE REGISTER (0x09) The ADE7753 functionality is configured by writing to the mode register. Table 14 describes the functionality of each bit in the register. Table 14. Mode Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 0 DISHPF 0 HPF (high-pass filter) in Channel 1 is disabled when this bit is set. 1 DISLPF2 0 LPF (low-pass filter) after the multiplier (LPF2) is disabled when this bit is set. 2 DISCF 1 Frequency output CF is disabled when this bit is set. 3 DISSAG 1 Line voltage sag detection is disabled when this bit is set. 4 ASUSPEND 0 By setting this bit to Logic 1, both ADE7753 A/D converters can be turned off. In normal operation, this bit should be left at Logic 0. All digital functionality can be stopped by suspending the clock signal at CLKIN pin. 5 TEMPSEL 0 Temperature conversion starts when this bit is set to 1. This bit is automatically reset to 0 when the temperature conversion is finished. 6 SWRST 0 Software Chip Reset. A data transfer should not take place to the ADE7753 for at least 18 μs after a software reset. 7 CYCMODE 0 Setting this bit to Logic 1 places the chip into line cycle energy accumulation mode. 8 DISCH1 0 ADC 1 (Channel 1) inputs are internally shorted together. 9 DISCH2 0 ADC 2 (Channel 2) inputs are internally shorted together. 10 SWAP 0 By setting this bit to Logic 1 the analog inputs V2P and V2N are connected to ADC 1 and the analog inputs V1P and V1N are connected to ADC 2. 12, 11 DTRT1, 0 00 These bits are used to select the waveform register update rate. DTRT 1 DTRT0 Update Rate 0 0 27.9 kSPS (CLKIN/128) 0 1 14 kSPS (CLKIN/256) 1 0 7 kSPS (CLKIN/512) 1 1 3.5 kSPS (CLKIN/1024) ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 56 of 60 Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 14, 13 WAVSEL1, 0 00 These bits are used to select the source of the sampled data for the waveform register. WAVSEL1, 0 Length Source 0 0 24 bits active power signal (output of LPF2) 0 1 Reserved 1 0 24 bits Channel 1 1 1 24 bits Channel 2 15 POAM 0 Writing Logic 1 to this bit allows only positive active power to be accumulated in the ADE7753. Figure 95. Mode Register ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 57 of 60 INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (0x0B), RESET INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (0x0C), INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER (0x0A) The status register is used by the MCU to determine the source of an interrupt request (IRQ). When an interrupt event occurs in the ADE7753, the corresponding flag in the interrupt status register is set to logic high. If the enable bit for this flag is Logic 1 in the interrupt enable register, the IRQ logic output goes active low. When the MCU services the interrupt, it must first carry out a read from the interrupt status register to determine the source of the interrupt. Table 15. Interrupt Status Register, Reset Interrupt Status Register, and Interrupt Enable Register Bit Location Interrupt Flag Description 0 AEHF Indicates that an interrupt occurred because the active energy register, AENERGY, is more than half full. 1 SAG Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a SAG on the line voltage. 2 CYCEND Indicates the end of energy accumulation over an integer number of half line cycles as defined by the content of the LINECYC register—see the Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode section. 3 WSMP Indicates that new data is present in the waveform register. 4 ZX This status bit is set to Logic 0 on the rising and falling edge of the the voltage waveform. See the Zero-Crossing Detection section. 5 TEMP Indicates that a temperature conversion result is available in the temperature register. 6 RESET Indicates the end of a reset (for both software or hardware reset). The corresponding enable bit has no function in the interrupt enable register, i.e., this status bit is set at the end of a reset, but it cannot be enabled to cause an interrupt. 7 AEOF Indicates that the active energy register has overflowed. 8 PKV Indicates that waveform sample from Channel 2 has exceeded the VPKLVL value. 9 PKI Indicates that waveform sample from Channel 1 has exceeded the IPKLVL value. A VAEHF Indicates that an interrupt occurred because the active energy register, VAENERGY, is more than half full. B VAEOF Indicates that the apparent energy register has overflowed. C ZXTO Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a missing zero crossing on the line voltage for the specified number of line cycles—see the Zero-Crossing Timeout section. D PPOS Indicates that the power has gone from negative to positive. E PNEG Indicates that the power has gone from positive to negative. F RESERVED Reserved. Figure 96. Interrupt Status/Interrupt Enable Register ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 58 of 60 CH1OS REGISTER (0x0D) The CH1OS register is an 8-bit, read/write enabled register. The MSB of this register is used to switch on/off the digital integrator in Channel 1, and Bits 0 to 5 indicates the amount of the offset correction in Channel 1. Table 16 summarizes the function of this register. Table 16. CH1OS Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Description 0 to 5 OFFSET The six LSBs of the CH1OS register control the amount of dc offset correction in Channel 1 ADC. The 6-bit offset correction is sign and magnitude coded. Bits 0 to 4 indicate the magnitude of the offset correction. Bit 5 shows the sign of the offset correction. A 0 in Bit 5 means the offset correction is positive and a 1 indicates the offset correction is negative. 6 Not Used This bit is unused. 7 INTEGRATOR This bit is used to activate the digital integrator on Channel 1. The digital integrator is switched on by setting this bit. This bit is set to be 0 on default. DIGITAL INTEGRATOR SELECTION1 = ENABLE0 = DISABLENOT USED0000000076543210ADDR: 0x0DSIGN AND MAGNITUDE CODEDOFFSET CORRECTION BITS02875-0-086 Figure 97. Channel 1 Offset Register ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 59 of 60 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS COMPLIANTTO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-150-AE060106-A20111017.507.206.908.207.807.405.605.305.00SEATINGPLANE0.05 MIN0.65 BSC2.00 MAX0.380.22COPLANARITY0.101.851.751.650.250.090.950.750.558°4°0° Figure 98. 20-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [SSOP] (RS-20) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option ADE7753ARS −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [SSOP] RS-20 ADE7753ARSRL −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [SSOP] RS-20 ADE7753ARSZ −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [SSOP] RS-20 ADE7753ARSZRL −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [SSOP] RS-20 EVAL-ADE7753ZEB Evaluation Board 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. ADE7753 Rev. C | Page 60 of 60 NOTES Pin Programmable, Precision Voltage Reference Data Sheet AD584 Rev. C Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©1978–2012 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. FEATURES Four programmable output voltages 10.000 V, 7.500 V, 5.000 V, and 2.500 V Laser-trimmed to high accuracies No external components required Trimmed temperature coefficient 15 ppm/°C maximum, 0°C to 70°C (AD584K) 15 ppm/°C maximum, −55°C to +125°C (AD584T) Zero output strobe terminal provided 2-terminal negative reference: capability (5 V and above) Output sources or sinks current Low quiescent current: 1.0 mA maximum 10 mA current output capability MIL-STD-883 compliant versions available PIN CONFIGURATIONS Figure 1. 8-Pin TO-99 Figure 2. 8-Lead PDIP GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD584 is an 8-terminal precision voltage reference offering pin programmable selection of four popular output voltages: 10.000 V, 7.500 V, 5.000 V and 2.500 V. Other output voltages, above, below, or between the four standard outputs, are available by the addition of external resistors. The input voltage can vary between 4.5 V and 30 V. Laser wafer trimming (LWT) is used to adjust the pin programmable output levels and temperature coefficients, resulting in the most flexible high precision voltage reference available in monolithic form. In addition to the programmable output voltages, the AD584 offers a unique strobe terminal that permits the device to be turned on or off. When the AD584 is used as a power supply reference, the supply can be switched off with a single, low power signal. In the off state, the current drained by the AD584 is reduced to approximately 100 μA. In the on state, the total supply current is typically 750 μA, including the output buffer amplifier. The AD584 is recommended for use as a reference for 8-, 10-, or 12-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) that require an external precision reference. In addition, the device is ideal for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) of up to 14-bit accuracy, either successive approximation or integrating designs, and in general, it can offer better performance than that provided by standard self-contained references. The AD584J and AD584K are specified for operation from 0°C to +70°C, and the AD584S and AD584T are specified for the −55°C to +125°C range. All grades are packaged in a hermetically sealed, eight-terminal TO-99 metal can, and the AD584J and AD584K are also available in an 8-lead PDIP. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS 1. The flexibility of the AD584 eliminates the need to design-in and inventory several different voltage references. Furthermore, one AD584 can serve as several references simultaneously when buffered properly. 2. Laser trimming of both initial accuracy and temperature coefficient results in very low errors overtemperature without the use of external components. 3. The AD584 can be operated in a 2-terminal Zener mode at a 5 V output and above. By connecting the input and the output, the AD584 can be used in this Zener configuration as a negative reference. 4. The output of the AD584 is configured to sink or source currents. This means that small reverse currents can be tolerated in circuits using the AD584 without damage to the reference and without disturbing the output voltage (10 V, 7.5 V, and 5 V outputs). 5. The AD584 is available in versions compliant with MIL-STD-883. Refer to the Analog Devices current AD584/883B data sheet for detailed specifications. This can be found under the Additional Data Sheets section of the AD584 product page. 1267358V+TAB4AD584TOP VIEW(Not to Scale)COMMONSTROBEVBGCAP2.5V5.0V10.0V00527-00110.0V15.0V22.5V3COMMON4V+8CAP7VBG6STROBE5AD584TOP VIEW(Not to Scale)00527-002 AD584 Data Sheet Rev. C | Page 2 of 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Pin Configurations ........................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications ..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 5 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5 Theory of Operation ........................................................................ 6 Applying the AD584 .................................................................... 6 Performance over Temperature .................................................. 7 Output Current Characteristics ...................................................7 Dynamic Performance ..................................................................7 Noise Filtering ...............................................................................8 Using the Strobe Terminal ...........................................................8 Percision High Current Supply....................................................8 The AD584 as a Current Limiter.................................................9 Negative Reference Voltages from an AD584 ...............................9 10 V Reference with Multiplying CMOS DACs or ADCs .......9 Precision DAC Reference .......................................................... 10 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 11 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 12 REVISION HISTORY 5/12—Rev. B to Rev. C Deleted AD584L ................................................................. Universal Changes to Features Section, General Description Section and Product Highlights Section ............................................................. 1 Deleted Metalization Photograph .................................................. 4 Changes to 10 V Reference with Multiplying CMOS DACs or ADCs Section .................................................................................... 9 Changes to Precision DAC Reference Section and Figure 19... 10 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 11 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 12 7/01—Rev. A to Rev. B Data Sheet AD584 Rev. C | Page 3 of 12 SPECIFICATIONS VIN = 15 V and 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Specifications shown in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. All minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed; although, only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units. Table 1. AD584J AD584K Model Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit OUTPUT VOLTAGE TOLERANCE Maximum Error at Pin 1 for Nominal Outputs of 10.000 V ±30 ±10 mV 7.500 V ±20 ±8 mV 5.000 V ±15 ±6 mV 2.500 V ±7.5 ±3.5 mV OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE Maximum Deviation from 25°C Value, TMIN to TMAX1 10.000 V, 7.500 V, and 5.000 V Outputs 30 15 ppm/°C 2.500 V Output 30 15 ppm/°C Differential Temperature Coefficients Between Outputs 5 3 ppm/°C QUIESCENT CURRENT 0.75 1.0 0.75 1.0 mA Temperature Variation 1.5 1.5 μA/°C TURN-ON SETTLING TIME TO 0.1% 200 200 μs NOISE (0.1 Hz TO 10 Hz) 50 50 μV p-p LONG-TERM STABILITY 25 25 ppm/1000 Hrs SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT 30 30 mA LINE REGULATION (NO LOAD) 15 V ≤ VIN ≤ 30 V 0.002 0.002 %/V (VOUT + 2.5 V) ≤ VIN ≤ 15 V 0.005 0.005 %/V LOAD REGULATION 0 ≤ IOUT ≤ 5 mA, All Outputs 20 50 20 50 ppm/mA OUTPUT CURRENT VIN ≥ VOUT + 2.5 V Source at 25°C 10 10 mA Source TMIN to TMAX 5 5 mA Sink TMIN to TMAX 5 5 mA TEMPERATURE RANGE Operating 0 70 0 70 °C Storage −65 +175 −65 +175 °C PACKAGE OPTION 8-Pin Metal Header (TO-99, H-08) AD584JH AD584KH 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package (PDIP, N-8) AD584JN AD584KN 1 Calculated as average over the operating temperature range. AD584 Data Sheet Rev. C | Page 4 of 12 Specifications shown in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. All minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed; although, only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units. Table 2. AD584S AD584T Model Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit OUTPUT VOLTAGE TOLERANCE Maximum Error at Pin 1 for Nominal Outputs of 10.000 V ±30 ±10 mV 7.500 V ±20 ±8 mV 5.000 V ±15 ±6 mV 2.500 V ±7.5 ±3.5 mV OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE Maximum Deviation from 25°C Value, TMIN to TMAX1 10.000 V, 7.500 V, and 5.000 V Outputs 30 15 ppm/°C 2.500 V Output 30 20 ppm/°C Differential Temperature Coefficients Between Outputs 5 3 ppm/°C QUIESCENT CURRENT 0.75 1.0 0.75 1.0 mA Temperature Variation 1.5 1.5 μA/°C TURN-ON SETTLING TIME TO 0.1% 200 200 μs NOISE (0.1 Hz TO 10 Hz) 50 50 μV p-p LONG-TERM STABILITY 25 25 ppm/1000 Hrs SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT 30 30 mA LINE REGULATION (NO LOAD) 15 V ≤ VIN ≤ 30 V 0.002 0.002 %/V (VOUT + 2.5 V) ≤ VIN ≤ 15 V 0.005 0.005 %/V LOAD REGULATION 0 ≤ IOUT ≤ 5 mA, All Outputs 20 50 20 50 ppm/mA OUTPUT CURRENT VIN ≥ VOUT + 2.5 V Source at 25°C 10 10 mA Source TMIN to TMAX 5 5 mA Sink TMIN to TMAX 5 5 mA TEMPERATURE RANGE Operating −55 +125 −55 +125 °C Storage −65 +175 −65 +175 °C PACKAGE OPTION 8-Pin Metal Header (TO-99, H-08) AD584SH AD584TH 1 Calculated as average over the operating temperature range. Data Sheet AD584 Rev. C | Page 5 of 12 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 3. Parameter Rating Input Voltage VIN to Ground 40 V Power Dissipation at 25°C 600 mW Operating Junction Temperature Range −55°C to +125°C Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) 300°C Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Ambient (H-08A) 150°C/W Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION AD584 Data Sheet Rev. C | Page 6 of 12 THEORY OF OPERATION APPLYING THE AD584 With power applied to Pin 8 and Pin 4 and all other pins open, the AD584 produces a buffered nominal 10.0 V output between Pin 1 and Pin 4 (see Figure 3). The stabilized output voltage can be reduced to 7.5 V, 5.0 V, or 2.5 V by connecting the programming pins as shown in Table 4. Table 4. Output Voltage (V) Pin Programming 7.5 Join the 2.5 V (Pin 3) and 5.0 V (Pin 2) pins. 5.0 Connect the 5.0 V pin (Pin 2) to the output pin (Pin 1). 2.5 Connect the 2.5 V pin (Pin 3) to the output pin (Pin 1). The options shown in Table 4 are available without the use of any additional components. Multiple outputs using only one AD584 can be provided by buffering each voltage programming pin with a unity-gain, noninverting op amp. Figure 3. Variable Output Options The AD584 can also be programmed over a wide range of output voltages, including voltages greater than 10 V, by the addition of one or more external resistors. Figure 3 illustrates the general adjustment procedure, with approximate values given for the internal resistors of the AD584. The AD584 may be modeled as an op amp with a noninverting feedback connection, driven by a high stability 1.215 V band gap reference (see Figure 5 for schematic). When the feedback ratio is adjusted with external resistors, the output amplifier can be made to multiply the reference voltage by almost any convenient amount, making popular outputs of 10.24 V, 5.12 V, 2.56 V, or 6.3 V easy to obtain. The most general adjustment (which gives the greatest range and poorest resolution) uses R1 and R2 alone (see Figure 3). As R1 is adjusted to its upper limit, the 2.5V pin (Pin 3) is connected to the output, which reduces to 2.5 V. As R1 is adjusted to its lower limit, the output voltage rises to a value limited by R2. For example, if R2 is approximately 6 kΩ, the upper limit of the output range is approximately 20 V, even for the large values of R1. Do not omit R2; choose its value to limit the output to a value that can be tolerated by the load circuits. If R2 is zero, adjusting R1 to its lower limit results in a loss of control over the output voltage. When precision voltages are set at levels other than the standard outputs, account for the 20% absolute tolerance in the internal resistor ladder. Alternatively, the output voltage can be raised by loading the 2.5 V tap with R3 alone. The output voltage can be lowered by connecting R4 alone. Either of these resistors can be a fixed resistor selected by test or an adjustable resistor. In all cases, the resistors should have a low temperature coefficient to match the AD584 internal resistors, which have a negative temperature coefficient less than 60 ppm/°C. If both R3 and R4 are used, these resistors should have matching temperature coefficients. When only small adjustments or trims are required, the circuit in Figure 4 offers better resolution over a limited trim range. The circuit can be programmed to 5.0 V, 7.5 V, or 10 V, and it can be adjusted by means of R1 over a range of about ±200 mV. To trim the 2.5 V output option, R2 (see Figure 4) can be reconnected to the band gap reference (Pin 6). In this configuration, limit the adjustment to ±100 mV to avoid affecting the performance of the AD584. Figure 4. Output Trimming Figure 5. Schematic Diagram AD584VSUPPLYVOUT812361.215V10V5V*2.5V12kΩ6kΩVBGR44COMMONR1R2R36kΩ24kΩ*THE 2.5V TAP IS USED INTERNALLY AS A BIAS POINTAND SHOULD NOT BE CHANGED BY MORE THAN 100mVIN ANY TRIM CONFIGURATION.00527-004AD584VOUT110.0V8V+4COMMON25.0V32.5V6VBGR110kΩR2300kΩ00527-005R38R40Q10Q16Q13Q11Q14Q12Q15SUBCAPR41R42R34R37R35R30R31R36Q6Q8Q5C51C52C50Q20Q7STROBEV+OUT 10V5V TAP2.5V TAPVBGV–R32R33Q3Q4Q2Q1R3900527-006 Data Sheet AD584 Rev. C | Page 7 of 12 PERFORMANCE OVER TEMPERATURE Each AD584 is tested at three temperatures over the −55°C to +125°C range to ensure that each device falls within the maximum error band (see Figure 6) specified for a particular grade (that is, S and T grades); three-point measurement guarantees performance within the error band from 0°C to 70°C (that is, J and K grades). The error band guaranteed for the AD584 is the maximum deviation from the initial value at 25°C. Thus, given the grade of the AD584, the maximum total error from the initial tolerance plus the temperature variation can easily be determined. For example, for the AD584T, the initial tolerance is ±10 mV, and the error band is ±15 mV. Therefore, the unit is guaranteed to be 10.000 V ± 25 mV from −55°C to +125°C. Figure 6. Typical Temperature Characteristic OUTPUT CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS The AD584 has the capability to either source or sink current and provide good load regulation in either direction; although, it has better characteristics in the source mode (positive current into the load). The circuit is protected for shorts to either positive supply or ground. Figure 7 shows the output voltage vs. the output current characteristics of the device. Source current is displayed as negative current in the figure, and sink current is displayed as positive current. The short-circuit current (that is, 0 V output) is about 28 mA; however, when shorted to 15 V, the sink current goes to approximately 20 mA. Figure 7. Output Voltage vs. Output Current (Sink and Source) DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Many low power instrument manufacturers are becoming increasingly concerned with the turn-on characteristics of the components being used in their systems. Fast turn-on components often enable the end user to keep power off when not needed and yet respond quickly when the power is turned on. Figure 8 displays the turn-on characteristic of the AD584. Figure 8 is generated from cold-start operation and represents the true turn-on waveform after an extended period with the supplies off. Figure 8 shows both the coarse and fine transient characteristics of the device; the total settling time to within ±10 mV is about 180 μs, and there is no long thermal tail appearing after the point. Figure 8. Output Settling Characteristic 10.00510.0009.995–5502570125VOUT ( V)TEMPERATURE (°C)00527-007OUTPUT CURRENT ( mA)OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)05101520–5–10–15SINKSOURCE–2014121086420+VS = 15VTA = 25°C00527-008SETTLING TIME (μs)10015020025050010.03V10.02V12V11V10V20V10V0V10.01V10.00VOUTPUTOUTPUTPOWERSUPPLYINPUT00527-009 AD584 Data Sheet Rev. C | Page 8 of 12 NOISE FILTERING The bandwidth of the output amplifier in the AD584 can be reduced to filter output noise. A capacitor ranging between 0.01 μF and 0.1 μF connected between the CAP and VBG terminals further reduces the wideband and feedthrough noise in the output of the AD584, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10. However, this tends to increase the turn-on settling time of the device; therefore, allow for ample warm-up time. Figure 9. Additional Noise Filtering with an External Capacitor Figure 10. Spectral Noise Density and Total RMS Noise vs. Frequency USING THE STROBE TERMINAL The AD584 has a strobe input that can be used to zero the output. This unique feature permits a variety of new applications in signal and power conditioning circuits. Figure 11 illustrates the strobe connection. A simple NPN switch can be used to translate a TTL logic signal into a strobe of the output. The AD584 operates normally when there is no current drawn from Pin 5. Bringing this terminal low, to less than 200 mV, allows the output voltage to go to zero. In this mode, the AD584 is not required to source or sink current (unless a 0.7 V residual output is permissible). If the AD584 is required to sink a transient current while strobe is off, limit the strobe terminal input current by a 100 Ω resistor, as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Use of the Strobe Terminal The strobe terminal tolerates up to 5 μA leakage, and its driver should be capable of sinking 500 μA continuous. A low leakage, open collector gate can be used to drive the strobe terminal directly, provided the gate can withstand the AD584 output voltage plus 1 V. PERCISION HIGH CURRENT SUPPLY The AD584 can be easily connected to a power PNP or power PNP Darlington device to provide much greater output current capability. The circuit shown in Figure 12 delivers a precision 10 V output with up to 4 A supplied to the load. If the load has a significant capacitive component, the 0.1 μF capacitor is required. If the load is purely resistive, improved high frequency, supply rejection results from removing the capacitor. Figure 12. High Current Precision Supply AD584110.0V8SUPPLYV+4COMMON7CAP6VBG0.01μF*TO0.1μF*INCREASES TURN-ON TIME00527-0101000100110101001k10k100k1MFREQUENCY (Hz)NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (nV/ Hz)TOTAL NOISE (μV rms) UP TOSPECIFIED FREQUENCYNO CAPNO CAP100pF1000pF0.01μF00527-011AD584110.0V238V+4COMMON5STROBE10kΩ20kΩ2N2222100ΩLOGICINPUTHI = OFFLO = ON00527-012AD584110.0VVOUT10V @ 4A8V+4COMMON470Ω0.1μFVIN ≥ 15V2N604000527-013 Data Sheet AD584 Rev. C | Page 9 of 12 The AD584 can also use an NPN or NPN Darlington transistor to boost its output current. Simply connect the 10 V output terminal of the AD584 to the base of the NPN booster and take the output from the booster emitter, as shown in Figure 13. The 5.0V pin or the 2.5V pin must connect to the actual output in this configuration. Variable or adjustable outputs (as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4) can be combined with a 5.0 V connection to obtain outputs above 5.0 V. Figure 13. NPN Output Current Booster THE AD584 AS A CURRENT LIMITER The AD584 represents an alternative to current limiter diodes that require factory selection to achieve a desired current. Use of current limiting diodes often results in temperature coefficients of 1%/°C. Use of the AD584 in this mode is not limited to a set current limit; it can be programmed from 0.75 mA to 5 mA with the insertion of a single external resistor (see Figure 14). The minimum voltage required to drive the connection is 5 V. Figure 14. A Two-Component Precision Current Limiter NEGATIVE REFERENCE VOLTAGES FROM AN AD584 The AD584 can also be used in a 2-terminal Zener mode to provide a precision −10 V, −7.5 V, or −5.0 V reference. As shown in Figure 15, the VIN and VOUT terminals are connected together to the positive supply (in this case, ground). The AD584 COMMON pin is connected through a resistor to the negative supply. The output is now taken from the COMMON pin instead of VOUT. With 1 mA flowing through the AD584 in this mode, a typical unit shows a 2 mV increase in the output level over that produced in 3-terminal mode. Also, note that the effective output impedance in this connection increases from 0.2 Ω typical to 2 Ω. It is essential to arrange the output load and the supply resistor, RS, so that the net current through the AD584 is always between 1 mA and 5 mA (between 2 mA and 5 mA for operation beyond 85°C). The temperature characteristics and long-term stability of the device is essentially the same as that of a unit used in standard 3-terminal mode. Figure 15. 2-Terminal, −5 V Reference The AD584 can also be used in 2-terminal mode to develop a positive reference. VIN and VOUT are tied together and to the positive supply through an appropriate supply resistor. The performance characteristics are similar to those of a negative 2-terminal connection. The only advantage of this connection over the standard 3-terminal connection is that a lower primary supply can be used, as low as 0.5 V above the desired output voltage. This type of operation requires considerable attention to load and to the primary supply regulation to ensure that the AD584 always remains within its regulating range of 1 mA to 5 mA (2 mA to 5 mA for operation beyond 85°C). 10 V REFERENCE WITH MULTIPLYING CMOS DACs OR ADCs The AD584 is ideal for application with the AD7533 10-bit multiplying CMOS DAC, especially for low power applications. It is equally suitable for the AD7574 8-bit ADC. In the standard hook-up, as shown in Figure 16, the standard output voltages are inverted by the amplifier/DAC configuration to produce converted voltage ranges. For example, a +10 V reference produces a 0 V to −10 V range. If an OP1177 amplifier is used, total quiescent supply current is typically 2 mA. Figure 16. Low Power 10-Bit CMOS DAC Application AD584110.0V5.0V2.5V238V+4COMMONDARLINGTONNPN 2N6057VOUT(5V, 12AAS SHOWN)1kΩRAW SUPPLY (≈5V > VOUT)00527-014AD5841VOUT = 2.5V2.5VTAP38V+4COMMON=i+ 0.75mA2.5VRRLOAD00527-015AD5841VOUTVREF–5V5.0VTAP28V+4COMMON–15VRS2.4kΩ5%ANALOGGND1μF00527-016AD58410.0VV+184COMMON+15VAD75334BIT 1 (MSB)5DIGITALINPUT131612BIT 10 (LSB)15314VREF+15V–15VVOUT0V TO –10VRFBIOUT1IOUT2COMMON00527-017 AD584 Data Sheet Rev. C | Page 10 of 12 The AD584 is normally used in the −10 V mode with the AD7574 to give a 0 V to +10 V ADC range. This is shown in Figure 17. Bipolar output applications and other operating details can be found in the data sheets for the CMOS products. Figure 17. AD584 as −10 V Reference for CMOS ADC PRECISION DAC REFERENCE The AD565A, like many DACs, can operate with an external 10 V reference element (see Figure 19). This 10 V reference voltage is converted into a reference current of approximately 0.5 mA via the internal 19.95 kΩ resistor (in series with the external 100 Ω trimmer). The gain temperature coefficient of the AD565A is primarily governed by the temperature tracking of the 19.95 kΩ resistor and the 5 kΩ/10 kΩ span resistors; this gain temperature coefficient is guaranteed to 3 ppm/°C. Therefore, using the AD584K (at 5 ppm/°C) as the 10 V reference guarantees a maximum full-scale temperature coefficient of 18 ppm/°C more than the commercial range. The 10 V reference also supplies the normal 1 mA bipolar offset current through the 9.95 kΩ bipolar offset resistor. The bipolar offset temperature coefficient thus depends only on the temperature coefficient matching of the bipolar offset resistor to the input reference resistor and is guaranteed to 3 ppm/°C. Figure 18 demonstrates the flexibility of the AD584 applied to another popular digital-to-analog configuration. Figure 18. Current Output, 8-Bit Digital-to-Analog Configuration Figure 19. Precision 12-Bit DAC –10V REFAD584418–15VV+10.0VCOMMONR31.2kΩ5%0.1μF+15V1182345AD7574(TOP VIEW)SIGNALINPUT0V TO +10VANALOGGROUNDGROUNDINTERTIEDIGITALSUPPLYRETURNR12kΩ 10%**R1 AND R2 CAN BE OMITTED IFGAIN TRIM IS NOT REQUIRED.GAIN TRIMR2 2kΩ*00527-019CA1 ( MSB)514A2615A37A48A59A610A7114IOA8 ( LSB)12COMP161VLCRLR15R14 = R15V+13V–32ADDAC08VREF (+)VREF (–)AD5844813COMMONV+2.5V10.0VR1400527-020IOUT00527-0180.5mAIREFDACAD565A5kΩ20V SPAN10V SPANDAC OUT–VEEREFGNDBIPOLAR OFF5kΩ8kΩIOCODE INPUTLSBMSB10VVCCREF OUTREFINPOWERGND19.95kΩ20kΩ9.95kΩIOUT =4 × IREF × CODE0.1μF0.1μFOP1177+15V–15V236OP AMPOUTPUT±10V+15V+15V148AD584R2100Ω15TGAINADJUSTR1100Ω15TBIPOLAR OFFSETADJUST–15V Data Sheet AD584 Rev. C | Page 11 of 12 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Figure 20. 8-Pin Metal Header [TO-99] (H-08) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) Figure 21. 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package [PDIP] Narrow Body (N-8) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) CONTROLLING DIMENSIONSARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS(INPARENTHESES)ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FORREFERENCE ONLYANDARE NOTAPPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. COMPLIANTTO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-002-AK0.2500 (6.35) MIN0.5000 (12.70)MIN0.1850 (4.70)0.1650 (4.19)REFERENCE PLANE0.0500 (1.27) MAX0.0190 (0.48)0.0160 (0.41)0.0210 (0.53)0.0160 (0.41)0.0400 (1.02)0.0100 (0.25)0.0400 (1.02) MAX0.0340 (0.86)0.0280 (0.71)0.0450 (1.14)0.0270 (0.69)0.1600 (4.06)0.1400 (3.56)0.1000 (2.54)BSC6287 54 310.2000(5.08)BSC0.1000(2.54)BSC0.3700 ( 9.40)0.3350 (8.51)0.3350 (8.51)0.3050 (7.75)45° BSCBASE & SEATING PLANE022306-ACOMPLIANTTO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-001CONTROLLING DIMENSIONSARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS(INPARENTHESES)ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FORREFERENCE ONLYANDARE NOTAPPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.CORNER LEADS MAY BE CONFIGUREDAS WHOLE OR HALF LEADS.070606-A0.022 ( 0.56)0.018 (0.46)0.014 (0.36)SEATINGPLANE0.015(0.38)MIN0.210 (5.33)MAX0.150 (3.81)0.130 (3.30)0.115 (2.92)0.070 (1.78)0.060 (1.52)0.045 (1.14)81450.280 (7.11)0.250 (6.35)0.240 (6.10)0.100 (2.54)BSC0.400 (10.16)0.365 (9.27)0.355 (9.02)0.060 (1.52)MAX0.430 (10.92)MAX0.014 (0.36)0.010 (0.25)0.008 (0.20)0.325 (8.26)0.310 (7.87)0.300 (7.62)0.195 (4.95)0.130 (3.30)0.115 (2.92)0.015 (0.38)GAUGEPLANE0.005 (0.13)MIN AD584 Data Sheet Rev. C | Page 12 of 12 ORDERING GUIDE Model1 Output Voltage (VO) Initial Accuracy Temperature Coefficient (ppm/°C) Temperature Range (°C) Package Description Package Option Ordering Quantity mV % AD584JH 2.5 ±7.5 0.30 30 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JNZ 2.5 ±7.5 0.30 30 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584KH 2.5 ±3.5 0.14 15 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584KNZ 2.5 ±3.5 0.14 15 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584SH 2.5 ±7.5 0.30 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584SH/883B 2.5 ±7.5 0.30 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH 2.5 ±3.5 0.14 20 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH/883B 2.5 ±3.5 0.14 20 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JH 5.0 ±15.0 0.30 30 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JNZ 5.0 ±15.0 0.30 30 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584KH 5.0 ±6.0 0.12 15 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584KNZ 5.0 ±6.0 0.12 15 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584SH 5.0 ±15.0 0.14 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584SH/883B 5.0 ±15.0 0.30 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH 5.0 ±6.0 0.30 15 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH/883B 5.0 ±6.0 0.12 15 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JH 7.5 ±20.0 0.27 30 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JNZ 7.5 ±20.0 0.27 30 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584KH 7.5 ±8.0 0.11 15 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584KNZ 7.5 ±8.0 0.11 15 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584SH 7.5 ±20.0 0.27 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584SH/883B 7.5 ±20.0 0.27 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH 7.5 ±8.0 0.11 15 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH/883B 7.5 ±8.0 0.11 15 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JH 10.0 ±30.0 0.30 30 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584JNZ 10.0 ±30.0 0.30 30 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584KH 10.0 ±10.0 0.10 15 0 to 70 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584KNZ 10.0 ±10.0 0.10 15 0 to 70 8-Lead PDIP N-8 50 AD584SH 10.0 ±30.0 0.30 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584SH/883B 10.0 ±30.0 0.30 30 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH 10.0 ±10.0 0.10 15 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 AD584TH/883B 10.0 ±10.0 0.10 15 −55 to +125 8-Pin TO-99 H-08 100 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. ©1978–2012 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D00527-0-5/12(C) LF to 2.5 GHz TruPwr™ Detector Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 ©2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com FEATURES Calibrated rms response Excellent temperature stability Up to 30 dB input range at 2.5 GHz 700 mV rms, 10 dBm, re 50 Ω maximum input ±0.25 dB linear response up to 2.5 GHz Single-supply operation: 2.7 V to 5.5 V Low power: 3.3 mW at 3 V supply Rapid power-down to less than 1 μA APPLICATIONS Measurement of CDMA, W-CDMA, QAM, other complex modulation waveforms RF transmitter or receiver power measurement GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8361 is a mean-responding power detector for use in high frequency receiver and transmitter signal chains, up to 2.5 GHz. It is very easy to apply. It requires a single supply only between 2.7 V and 5.5 V, a power supply decoupling capacitor, and an input coupling capacitor in most applications. The output is a linear-responding dc voltage with a conversion gain of 7.5 V/V rms. An external filter capacitor can be added to increase the averaging time constant. Figure 1. Output in the Three Reference Modes, Supply 3 V, Frequency 1.9 GHz (6-Lead SOT-23 Package Ground Reference Mode Only) FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS Figure 2. 8-Lead MSOP Figure 3. 6-Lead SOT-23 The AD8361 is intended for true power measurement of simple and complex waveforms. The device is particularly useful for measuring high crest-factor (high peak-to-rms ratio) signals, such as CDMA and W-CDMA. The AD8361 has three operating modes to accommodate a variety of analog-to-digital converter requirements: 1. Ground reference mode, in which the origin is zero. 2. Internal reference mode, which offsets the output 350 mV above ground. 3. Supply reference mode, which offsets the output to VS/7.5. The AD8361 is specified for operation from −40°C to +85°C and is available in 8-lead MSOP and 6-lead SOT-23 packages. It is fabricated on a proprietary high fT silicon bipolar process. RFIN (V rms) 3.0 1.6 0 0.1 0.5 0.20.30.4 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.8 2.4 V rms (Volts) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 SUPPLY REFERENCE MODE INTERNAL REFERENCE MODE GROUND REFERENCE MODE 01088-C-001 RFIN IREF PWDN VPOS FLTR SREF VRMS COMM BAND-GAP REFERENCE ERROR AMP AD8361 INTERNAL FILTER ADD OFFSET TRANSCONDUCTANCE CELLS i i 7.5 BUFFER 2 2 01088-C-002 RFIN IREF PWDN VPOS FLTR VRMS COMM BAND-GAP REFERENCE ERROR AMP AD8361 INTERNAL FILTER TRANSCONDUCTANCE CELLS i i 7.5 BUFFER 2 2 01088-C-003 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 2 of 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagrams ............................................................. 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications ..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 4 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 4 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 5 Typical Performance Characteristics ..............................................6 Circuit Description......................................................................... 11 Applications ..................................................................................... 12 Output Reference Temperature Drift Compensation ........... 16 Evaluation Board ............................................................................ 21 Characterization Setups............................................................. 23 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 24 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 24 REVISION HISTORY 3/14—Rev. C to Rev. D Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 24 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 24 8/04—Data Sheet Changed from Rev. B to Rev. C Changed Trimpots to Trimmable Potentiometers ......... Universal Changes to Specifications ................................................................ 3 Changed Using the AD8361 Section Title to Applications ....... 12 Changes to Figure 43 ...................................................................... 14 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 24 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 24 2/01—Data Sheet Changed from Rev. A to Rev. B. Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 3 of 24 SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25°C, VS = 3 V, fRF = 900 MHz, ground reference output mode, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit SIGNAL INPUT INTERFACE (Input RFIN) Frequency Range1 2.5 GHz Linear Response Upper Limit VS = 3 V 390 mV rms Equivalent dBm, re 50 Ω 4.9 dBm VS = 5 V 660 mV rms Equivalent dBm, re 50 Ω 9.4 dBm Input Impedance2 225||1 Ω||pF RMS CONVERSION (Input RFIN to Output V rms) Conversion Gain 7.5 V/V rms fRF = 100 MHz, VS = 5 V 6.5 8.5 V/V rms Dynamic Range Error Referred to Best Fit Line3 ±0.25 dB Error4 CW Input, −40°C < TA < +85°C 14 dB ±1 dB Error CW Input, −40°C < TA < +85°C 23 dB ±2 dB Error CW Input, −40°C < TA < +85°C 26 dB CW Input, VS = 5 V, −40°C < TA < +85°C 30 dB Intercept-Induced Dynamic Internal Reference Mode 1 dB Range Reduction5, 6 Supply Reference Mode, VS = 3.0 V 1 dB Supply Reference Mode, VS = 5.0 V 1.5 dB Deviation from CW Response 5.5 dB Peak-to-Average Ratio (IS95 Reverse Link) 0.2 dB 12 dB Peak-to-Average Ratio (W-CDMA 4 Channels) 1.0 dB 18 dB Peak-to-Average Ratio (W-CDMA 15 Channels) 1.2 dB OUTPUT INTERCEPT5 Inferred from Best Fit Line3 Ground Reference Mode (GRM) 0 V at SREF, VS at IREF 0 V fRF = 100 MHz, VS = 5 V −50 +150 mV Internal Reference Mode (IRM) 0 V at SREF, IREF Open 350 mV fRF = 100 MHz, VS = 5 V 300 500 mV Supply Reference Mode (SRM) 3 V at IREF, 3 V at SREF 400 mV VS at IREF, VS at SREF VS/7.5 V fRF = 100 MHz, VS = 5 V 590 750 mV POWER-DOWN INTERFACE PWDN HI Threshold 2.7 ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V, −40°C < TA < +85°C VS − 0.5 V PWDN LO Threshold 2.7 ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V, −40°C < TA < +85°C 0.1 V Power-Up Response Time 2 pF at FLTR Pin, 224 mV rms at RFIN 5 μs 100 nF at FLTR Pin, 224 mV rms at RFIN 320 μs PWDN Bias Current <1 μA POWER SUPPLIES Operating Range −40°C < TA < +85°C 2.7 5.5 V Quiescent Current 0 mV rms at RFIN, PWDN Input LO7 1.1 mA Power-Down Current GRM or IRM, 0 mV rms at RFIN, PWDN Input HI <1 μA SRM, 0 mV rms at RFIN, PWDN Input HI 10 × VS μA 1 Operation at arbitrarily low frequencies is possible; see Applications section. 2 Figure 17 and Figure 47 show impedance versus frequency for the MSOP and SOT-23, respectively. 3 Calculated using linear regression. 4 Compensated for output reference temperature drift; see Applications section. 5 SOT-23-6L operates in ground reference mode only. 6 The available output swing, and hence the dynamic range, is altered by both supply voltage and reference mode; see Figure 39 and Figure 40. 7 Supply current is input level dependent; see Figure 16. AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 4 of 24 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter Rating Supply Voltage VS 5.5 V SREF, PWDN 0 V, VS IREF VS − 0.3 V, VS RFIN 1 V rms Equivalent Power, re 50 Ω 13 dBm Internal Power Dissipation1 200 mW 6-Lead SOT-23 170 mW 8-Lead MSOP 200 mW Maximum Junction Temperature 125°C Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature Range (Soldering 60 sec) 300°C 1 Specification is for the device in free air. 6-Lead SOT-23: θJA = 230°C/W; θJC = 92°C/W. 8-Lead MSOP: θJA = 200°C/W; θJC = 44°C/W. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 5 of 24 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 4. 8-Lead MSOP Figure 5. 6-Lead SOT-23 Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. MSOP Pin No. SOT-23 Mnemonic Description 1 6 VPOS Supply Voltage Pin. Operational range 2.7 V to 5.5 V. 2 N/A IREF Output Reference Control Pin. Internal reference mode enabled when pin is left open; otherwise, this pin should be tied to VPOS. Do not ground this pin. 3 5 RFIN Signal Input Pin. Must be driven from an ac-coupled source. The low frequency real input impedance is 225 Ω. 4 4 PWDN Power-Down Pin. For the device to operate as a detector, it needs a logical low input (less than 100 mV). When a logic high (greater than VS − 0.5 V) is applied, the device is turned off and the supply current goes to nearly zero (ground and internal reference mode less than 1 μA, supply reference mode VS divided by 100 kΩ). 5 2 COMM Device Ground Pin. 6 3 FLTR By placing a capacitor between this pin and VPOS, the corner frequency of the modulation filter is lowered. The on-chip filter is formed with 27 pF||2 kΩ for small input signals. 7 1 VRMS Output Pin. Near rail-to-rail voltage output with limited current drive capabilities. Expected load >10 kΩ to ground. 8 N/A SREF Supply Reference Control Pin. To enable supply reference mode, this pin must be connected to VPOS; otherwise, it should be connected to COMM (ground). VPOS 1 IREF 2 RFIN 3 PWDN 4 8 SREF 7 VRMS 6 FLTR 5 COMM AD8361 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 01088-C-004 VRMS 1 COMM 2 FLTR 3 6 VPOS 5 RFIN 4 PWDN AD8361 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 01088-C-005 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 6 of 24 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Figure 6. Output vs. Input Level, Frequencies 100 MHz, 900 MHz, 1900 MHz, and 2500 MHz, Supply 2.7 V, Ground Reference Mode, MSOP Figure 7. Output vs. Input Level, Supply 2.7 V, 3.0 V, 5.0 V, and 5.5 V, Frequency 900 MHz Figure 8. Output vs. Input Level with Different Waveforms Sine Wave (CW), IS95 Reverse Link, W-CDMA 4-Channel and W-CDMA 15-Channel, Supply 5.0 V Figure 9. Error from Linear Reference vs. Input Level, 3 Sigma to Either Side of Mean, Sine Wave, Supply 3.0 V, Frequency 900 MHz Figure 10. Error from Linear Reference vs. Input Level, 3 Sigma to Either Side of Mean, Sine Wave, Supply 5.0 V, Frequency 900 MHz Figure 11. Error from CW Linear Reference vs. Input with Different Waveforms Sine Wave (CW), IS95 Reverse Link, W-CDMA 4-Channel and W-CDMA 15-Channel, Supply 3.0 V, Frequency 900 MHz INPUT (V rms)2.82.60.800.50.10.20.30.42.01.41.21.02.42.21.61.8OUTPUT ( V)0.60.40.20.0900MHz100MHz1900MHz2.5GHz01088-C-006INPUT (V rms)5.51.500.50.10.20.30.44.03.02.52.05.04.53.5OUTPUT ( V)1.00.50.05.5V5.0V3.0V2.7V0.60.70.801088-C-007INPUT (V rms)5.01.500.50.10.20.30.44.03.02.52.04.53.5OUTPUT ( V)1.00.50.00.60.70.8CWIS95REVERSE LINKWCDMA4- AND 15-CHANNEL01088-C-008INPUT (V rms)3.02.5–1.00.4(+5dBm)0.011.50–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.00.1(–7dBm)0.02(–21dBm)MEAN±3 SIGMA01088-C-009INPUT (V rms)3.02.5–1.00.6(+8.6dBm)0.011.50–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.00.10.02MEAN±3 SIGMA(–7dBm)(–21dBm)01088-C-010INPUT ( V rms)3.02.5–1.01.00.010.11.50.0–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.00.020.60.2IS95REVERSE LINKCW15-CHANNEL4-CHANNEL01088-C-011 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 7 of 24 Figure 12. Error from CW Linear Reference vs. Input, 3 Sigma to Either Side of Mean, IS95 Reverse Link Signal, Supply 3.0 V, Frequency 900 MHz Figure 13. Error from CW Linear Reference vs. Input Level, 3 Sigma to Either Side of Mean, IS95 Reverse Link Signal, Supply 5.0 V, Frequency 900 MHz Figure 14. Output Delta from +25°C vs. Input Level, 3 Sigma to Either Side of Mean Sine Wave, Supply 3.0 V, Frequency 900 MHz, Temperature −40°C to +85°C Figure 15. Output Delta from +25°C vs. Input Level, 3 Sigma to Either Side of Mean Sine Wave, Supply 3.0 V, Frequency 1900 MHz, Temperature −40°C to +85°C Figure 16. Supply Current vs. Input Level, Supplies 3.0 V, and 5.0 V, Temperatures −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C Figure 17. Input Impedance vs. Frequency, Supply 3 V, Temperatures −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C, MSOP (See Applications for SOT-23 Data) 3.02.5–1.00.4(+5dBm)0.011.50–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.02.5–3.00.10.02MEAN±3 SIGMAINPUT (V rms)(–7dBm)(–21dBm)01088-C-012INPUT ( V rms)3.02.5–1.00.6(+8.6dBm)0.011.50–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.00.10.02MEAN±3 SIGMA(–7dBm)(–21dBm)01088-C-013INPUT ( V rms)3.02.5–1.00.4(+5dBm)0.011.50–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.00.10.02–40°C+85°C(–7dBm)(–21dBm)01088-C-014INPUT ( V rms)3.02.5–1.00.4(+5dBm)0.011.50–0.52.00.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.5–2.0–2.5–3.00.10.02(–7dBm)(–21dBm)–40°C+85°C01088-C-015INPUT (V rms)11300.50.10.20.30.486541097SUPPLY CURRENT ( mA)2100.60.70.8+85°C–40°C+25°CVS = 5VINPUT OUTOF RANGE+25°C+85°C–40°CVS = 3VINPUT OUTOF RANGE01088-C-016FREQUENCY (MHz)05001000250200150SHUNT RESISTANCE ( Ω)100500200025001.41.21.0SHUNT CAPACITANCE ( pF)0.80.60.41500+85°C+25°C–40°C+85°C+25°C–40°C1.61.801088-C-017 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 8 of 24 Figure 18. Output Reference Change vs. Temperature, Supply 3 V, Ground Reference Mode Figure 19. Output Reference Change vs. Temperature, Supply 3 V, Internal Reference Mode (MSOP Only) Figure 20. Output Reference Change vs. Temperature, Supply 3 V, Supply Reference Mode (MSOP Only) Figure 21. Conversion Gain Change vs. Temperature, Supply 3 V, Ground Reference Mode, Frequency 900 MHz Figure 22. Conversion Gain Change vs. Temperature, Supply 3 V, Internal Reference Mode, Frequency 900 MHz (MSOP Only) Figure 23. Conversion Gain Change vs. Temperature, Supply 3 V, Supply Reference Mode, Frequency 900 MHz (MSOP Only) TEMPERATURE (°C)–0.0240–40–200200.030.010.00–0.010.02INTERCEPT CHANGE ( V)–0.03–0.04–0.056080100MEAN±3 SIGMA01088-C-018TEMPERATURE (°C)–0.0140–40–200200.020.010.00INTERCEPT CHANGE ( V)–0.02–0.036080100MEAN±3 SIGMA01088-C-019TEMPERATURE (°C)–0.0240–40–200200.030.010.00–0.010.02INTERCEPT CHANGE ( V)–0.03–0.04–0.056080100MEAN±3 SIGMA01088-C-020TEMPERATURE (°C)0.0240–40–200200.120.080.060.040.10GAIN CHANGE ( V/V rms)0.00–0.02–0.046080100MEAN±3 SIGMA–0.060.140.160.1801088-C-021TEMPERATURE (°C)0.0240–40–200200.120.080.060.040.10GAIN CHANGE ( V/V rms)0.00–0.02–0.046080100MEAN±3 SIGMA–0.060.140.160.1801088-C-022TEMPERATURE (°C)0.0240–40–200200.120.080.060.040.10GAIN CHANGE ( V/V rms)0.00–0.02–0.046080100MEAN±3 SIGMA–0.060.140.160.1801088-C-023 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 9 of 24 Figure 24. Output Response to Modulated Pulse Input for Various RF Input Levels, Supply 3 V, Modulation Frequency 900 MHz, No Filter Capacitor Figure 25. Output Response to Modulated Pulse Input for Various RF Input Levels, Supply 3 V, Modulation Frequency 900 MHz, 0.01 μF Filter Capacitor Figure 26. Hardware Configuration for Output Response to Modulated Pulse Input Figure 27. Output Response Using Power-Down Mode for Various RF Input Levels, Supply 3 V, Frequency 900 MHz, No Filter Capacitor Figure 28. Output Response Using Power-Down Mode for Various RF Input Levels, Supply 3 V, Frequency 900 MHz, 0.01 μF Filter Capacitor Figure 29. Hardware Configuration for Output Response Using Power-Down Mode 67mV 370mV 270mV 25mV 5s PER HORIZONTAL DIVISION GATE PULSE FOR 900MHz RF TONE RF INPUT 500mV PER VERTICAL DIVISION 01088-C-024 67mV 370mV 25mV 500mV PER VERTICAL DIVISION 50s PER HORIZONTAL DIVISION RF INPUT GATEPULSEFOR 900MHzRFTONE 270mV 01088-C-025 R1 75 0.1F HPE3631A POWER SUPPLY C4 0.01F C2 100pF HP8648B SIGNAL GENERATOR C1 C3 TEK TDS784C SCOPE C5 100pF TEK P6204 FET PROBE 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 AD8361 VPOS IREF RFIN PWDN SREF VRMS FLTR COMM 01088-C-026 RF INPUT 67mV 370mV 270mV 25mV 500mV PER VERTICAL DIVISION PWDN INPUT 2s PER HORIZONTAL DIVISION 01088-C-027 67mV 370mV 270mV 25mV 500mV PER VERTICAL DIVISION PWDN INPUT RF INPUT 01088-C-028 20s PER HORIZONTAL DIVISION R1 75 0.1F HPE3631A POWER SUPPLY C4 0.01F C2 100pF HP8648B SIGNAL GENERATOR HP8110A SIGNAL GENERATOR C1 C3 TEK TDS784C SCOPE C5 100pF TEK P6204 FET PROBE 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 AD8361 VPOS IREF RFIN PWDN SREF VRMS FLTR COMM 01088-C-029 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 10 of 24 Figure 30. Conversion Gain Change vs. Frequency, Supply 3 V, Ground Reference Mode, Frequency 100 MHz to 2500 MHz, Representative Device Figure 31. Output Response to Gating on Power Supply, for Various RF Input Levels, Supply 3 V, Modulation Frequency 900 MHz, 0.01 μF Filter Capacitor Figure 32. Hardware Configuration for Output Response to Power Supply Gating Measurements Figure 33. Conversion Gain Distribution Frequency 100 MHz, Supply 5 V, Sample Size 3000 Figure 34. Output Reference, Internal Reference Mode, Supply 5 V, Sample Size 3000 (MSOP Only) Figure 35. Output Reference, Supply Reference Mode, Supply 5 V, Sample Size 3000 (MSOP Only) CARRIER FREQUENCY (MHz)7.87.66.210010007.26.66.47.46.87.0CONVERSION GAIN ( V/V rms)6.05.85.6VS= 3V01088-C-03067mV370mV270mV25mV500mV PERVERTICALDIVISIONSUPPLY20μs PER HORIZONTAL DIVISIONRFINPUT01088-C-031R175Ω732Ω50Ω0.1μFC40.01μFC2100pFHP8648BSIGNALGENERATORC1C3TEK TDS784CSCOPEC5100pFTEK P6204FET PROBE12348765AD8361VPOSIREFRFINPWDNSREFVRMSFLTRCOMM01088-C-032HP8110APULSEGENERATORAD811CONVERSION GAIN (V/V rms)7.66.97.07.216PERCENT7.47.81412108642001088-C-033IREF MODE INTERCEPT (V)0.400.320.340.36PERCENT0.380.441210864200.4201088-C-034SREF MODE INTERCEPT (V)0.720.640.660.68PERCENT0.700.761210864200.7401088-C-035 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 11 of 24 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The AD8361 is an rms-responding (mean power) detector that provides an approach to the exact measurement of RF power that is basically independent of waveform. It achieves this function through the use of a proprietary technique in which the outputs of two identical squaring cells are balanced by the action of a high-gain error amplifier. The signal to be measured is applied to the input of the first squaring cell, which presents a nominal (LF) resistance of 225 Ω between the RFIN and COMM pins (connected to the ground plane). Because the input pin is at a bias voltage of about 0.8 V above ground, a coupling capacitor is required. By making this an external component, the measurement range may be extended to arbitrarily low frequencies. The AD8361 responds to the voltage, VIN, at its input by squaring this voltage to generate a current proportional to VIN squared. This is applied to an internal load resistor, across which a capacitor is connected. These form a low-pass filter, which extracts the mean of VIN squared. Although essentially voltage-responding, the associated input impedance calibrates this port in terms of equivalent power. Therefore, 1 mW corresponds to a voltage input of 447 mV rms. The Applications section shows how to match this input to 50 Ω. The voltage across the low-pass filter, whose frequency may be arbitrarily low, is applied to one input of an error-sensing amplifier. A second identical voltage-squaring cell is used to close a negative feedback loop around this error amplifier. This second cell is driven by a fraction of the quasi-dc output voltage of the AD8361. When the voltage at the input of the second squaring cell is equal to the rms value of VIN, the loop is in a stable state, and the output then represents the rms value of the input. The feedback ratio is nominally 0.133, making the rms-dc conversion gain ×7.5, that is rmsVVINOUT×=5.7 By completing the feedback path through a second squaring cell, identical to the one receiving the signal to be measured, several benefits arise. First, scaling effects in these cells cancel; thus, the overall calibration may be accurate, even though the open-loop response of the squaring cells taken separately need not be. Note that in implementing rms-dc conversion, no reference voltage enters into the closed-loop scaling. Second, the tracking in the responses of the dual cells remains very close over temperature, leading to excellent stability of calibration. The squaring cells have very wide bandwidth with an intrinsic response from dc to microwave. However, the dynamic range of such a system is fairly small, due in part to the much larger dynamic range at the output of the squaring cells. There are practical limitations to the accuracy of sensing very small error signals at the bottom end of the dynamic range, arising from small random offsets that limit the attainable accuracy at small inputs. On the other hand, the squaring cells in the AD8361 have a Class-AB aspect; the peak input is not limited by their quiescent bias condition but is determined mainly by the eventual loss of square-law conformance. Consequently, the top end of their response range occurs at a fairly large input level (approximately 700 mV rms) while preserving a reasonably accurate square-law response. The maximum usable range is, in practice, limited by the output swing. The rail-to-rail output stage can swing from a few millivolts above ground to less than 100 mV below the supply. An example of the output induced limit: given a gain of 7.5 and assuming a maximum output of 2.9 V with a 3 V supply, the maximum input is (2.9 V rms)/7.5 or 390 mV rms. Filtering An important aspect of rms-dc conversion is the need for averaging (the function is root-MEAN-square). For complex RF waveforms, such as those that occur in CDMA, the filtering provided by the on-chip, low-pass filter, although satisfactory for CW signals above 100 MHz, is inadequate when the signal has modulation components that extend down into the kilohertz region. For this reason, the FLTR pin is provided: a capacitor attached between this pin and VPOS can extend the averaging time to very low frequencies. Offset An offset voltage can be added to the output (when using the MSOP version) to allow the use of ADCs whose range does not extend down to ground. However, accuracy at the low end degrades because of the inherent error in this added voltage. This requires that the IREF (internal reference) pin be tied to VPOS and SREF (supply reference) to ground. In the IREF mode, the intercept is generated by an internal reference cell and is a fixed 350 mV, independent of the supply voltage. To enable this intercept, IREF should be open-circuited, and SREF should be grounded. In the SREF mode, the voltage is provided by the supply. To implement this mode, tie IREF to VPOS and SREF to VPOS. The offset is then proportional to the supply voltage and is 400 mV for a 3 V supply and 667 mV for a 5 V supply. AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 12 of 24 APPLICATIONS Basic Connections Figure 36 through Figure 38 show the basic connections for the AD8361’s MSOP version in its three operating modes. In all modes, the device is powered by a single supply of between 2.7 V and 5.5 V. The VPOS pin is decoupled using 100 pF and 0.01 μF capacitors. The quiescent current of 1.1 mA in operating mode can be reduced to 1 μA by pulling the PWDN pin up to VPOS. A 75 Ω external shunt resistance combines with the ac-coupled input to give an overall broadband input impedance near 50 Ω. Note that the coupling capacitor must be placed between the input and the shunt impedance. Input impedance and input coupling are discussed in more detail below. The input coupling capacitor combines with the internal input resistance (Figure 37) to provide a high-pass corner frequency given by the equation INCRCf××=π21dB3 With the 100 pF capacitor shown in Figure 36 through Figure 38, the high-pass corner frequency is about 8 MHz. Figure 36. Basic Connections for Ground Reference Mode Figure 37. Basic Connections for Internal Reference Mode Figure 38. Basic Connections for Supply Referenced Mode The output voltage is nominally 7.5 times the input rms voltage (a conversion gain of 7.5 V/V rms). Three modes of operation are set by the SREF and IREF pins. In addition to the ground reference mode shown in Figure 36, where the output voltage swings from around near ground to 4.9 V on a 5.0 V supply, two additional modes allow an offset voltage to be added to the output. In the internal reference mode (Figure 37), the output voltage swing is shifted upward by an internal reference voltage of 350 mV. In supply referenced mode (Figure 38), an offset voltage of VS/7.5 is added to the output voltage. Table 4 summarizes the connections, output transfer function, and minimum output voltage (i.e., zero signal) for each mode. Output Swing Figure 39 shows the output swing of the AD8361 for a 5 V supply voltage for each of the three modes. It is clear from Figure 39 that operating the device in either internal reference mode or supply referenced mode reduces the effective dynamic range as the output headroom decreases. The response for lower supply voltages is similar (in the supply referenced mode, the offset is smaller), but the dynamic range reduces further as headroom decreases. Figure 40 shows the response of the AD8361 to a CW input for various supply voltages. Figure 39. Output Swing for Ground, Internal, and Supply Referenced Mode, VPOS = 5 V (MSOP Only) 12348765AD8361VPOSIREFRFINPWDNSREFVRMSFLTRCOMMR175Ω0.01μFCC100pFCFLTR100pF+VS 2.7V– 5.5VRFINV rms01088-C-03612348765AD8361VPOSIREFRFINPWDNSREFVRMSFLTRCOMMR175Ω0.01μFCC100pFCFLTR100pF+VS 2.7V– 5.5VRFINV rms01088-C-03712348765AD8361VPOSIREFRFINPWDNSREFVRMSFLTRCOMMR175Ω0.01μFCC100pFCFLTR100pF+VS 2.7V– 5.5VRFINV rms01088-C-038INPUT (V rms)5.04.50.000.50.10.20.30.43.01.51.00.54.03.52.02.5OUTPUT ( V)SUPPLY REFINTERNAL REFGROUND REF0.60.70.801088-C-039 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 13 of 24 Figure 40. Output Swing for Supply Voltages of 2.7 V, 3.0 V, 5.0 V and 5.5 V (MSOP Only) Dynamic Range Because the AD8361 is a linear-responding device with a nominal transfer function of 7.5 V/V rms, the dynamic range in dB is not clear from plots such as Figure 39. As the input level is increased in constant dB steps, the output step size (per dB) also increases. Figure 41 shows the relationship between the output step size (i.e., mV/dB) and input voltage for a nominal transfer function of 7.5 V/V rms. Table 4. Connections and Nominal Transfer Function for Ground, Internal, and Supply Reference Modes Reference Mode IREF SREF Output Intercept (No Signal) Output Ground VPOS COMM Zero 7.5 VIN Internal OPEN COMM 0.350 V 7.5 VIN + 0.350 V Supply VPOS VPOS VS/7.5 7.5 VIN + VS/7.5 Figure 41. Idealized Output Step Size as a Function of Input Voltage Plots of output voltage versus input voltage result in a straight line. It may sometimes be more useful to plot the error on a logarithmic scale, as shown in Figure 42. The deviation of the plot for the ideal straight line characteristic is caused by output clipping at the high end and by signal offsets at the low end. It should however be noted that offsets at the low end can be either positive or negative, so this plot could also trend upwards at the low end. Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 12, and Figure 13 show a ±3 sigma distribution of the device error for a large population of devices. Figure 42. Representative Unit, Error in dB vs. Input Level, VS = 2.7 V It is also apparent in Figure 42 that the error plot tends to shift to the right with increasing frequency. Because the input impedance decreases with frequency, the voltage actually applied to the input also tends to decrease (assuming a constant source impedance over frequency). The dynamic range is almost constant over frequency, but with a small decrease in conversion gain at high frequency. Input Coupling and Matching The input impedance of the AD8361 decreases with increasing frequency in both its resistive and capacitive components (Figure 17). The resistive component varies from 225 Ω at 100 MHz down to about 95 Ω at 2.5 GHz. A number of options exist for input matching. For operation at multiple frequencies, a 75 Ω shunt to ground, as shown in Figure 43, provides the best overall match. For use at a single frequency, a resistive or a reactive match can be used. By plotting the input impedance on a Smith Chart, the best value for a resistive match can be calculated. The VSWR can be held below 1.5 at frequencies up to 1 GHz, even as the input impedance varies from part to part. (Both input impedance and input capacitance can vary by up to ±20% around their nominal values.) At very high frequencies (i.e., 1.8 GHz to 2.5 GHz), a shunt resistor is not sufficient to reduce the VSWR below 1.5. Where VSWR is critical, remove the shunt component and insert an inductor in series with the coupling capacitor as shown in Figure 44. Table 5 gives recommended shunt resistor values for various frequencies and series inductor values for high frequencies. The coupling capacitor, CC, essentially acts as an ac-short and plays no intentional part in the matching. INPUT (V rms)5.51.500.50.10.20.30.44.03.02.52.05.04.53.5OUTPUT ( V)1.00.50.05.5V5.0V3.0V2.7V0.60.70.801088-C-040INPUT (mV)7002000500100200300400500400300600mV/dB100060070080001088-C-041INPUT (V rms)2.0–0.50.010.50.01.51.0ERROR ( dB)–1.0–1.5–2.01.01.9GHz2.5GHz900MHz100MHz100MHz0.02(–21dBm)0.1(–7dBm)0.4(+5dBm)01088-C-042 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 14 of 24 Figure 43. Input Coupling/Matching Options, Broadband Resistor Match Figure 44. Input Coupling/Matching Options, Series Inductor Match Figure 45. Input Coupling/Matching Options, Narrowband Reactive Match Figure 46. Input Coupling/Matching Options, Attenuating the Input Signal Table 5. Recommended Component Values for Resistive or Inductive Input Matching (Figure 43 and Figure 44) Frequency Matching Component 100 MHz 63.4 Ω Shunt 800 MHz 75 Ω Shunt 900 MHz 75 Ω Shunt 1800 MHz 150 Ω Shunt or 4.7 nH Series 1900 MHz 150 Ω Shunt or 4.7 nH Series 2500 MHz 150 Ω Shunt or 2.7 nH Series Alternatively, a reactive match can be implemented using a shunt inductor to ground and a series capacitor, as shown in Figure 45. A method for hand calculating the appropriate matching components is shown on page 12 of the AD8306 data sheet. Matching in this manner results in very small values for CM, especially at high frequencies. As a result, a stray capacitance as small as 1 pF can significantly degrade the quality of the match. The main advantage of a reactive match is the increase in sensitivity that results from the input voltage being gained up (by the square root of the impedance ratio) by the matching network. Table 6 shows the recommended values for reactive matching. Table 6. Recommended Values for a Reactive Input Matching (Figure 45) Frequency (MHz) CM (pF) LM (nH) 100 16 180 800 2 15 900 2 12 1800 1.5 4.7 1900 1.5 4.7 2500 1.5 3.3 Input Coupling Using a Series Resistor Figure 46 shows a technique for coupling the input signal into the AD8361 that may be applicable where the input signal is much larger than the input range of the AD8361. A series resistor combines with the input impedance of the AD8361 to attenuate the input signal. Because this series resistor forms a divider with the frequency dependent input impedance, the apparent gain changes greatly with frequency. However, this method has the advantage of very little power being tapped off in RF power transmission applications. If the resistor is large compared to the transmission line’s impedance, then the VSWR of the system is relatively unaffected. Figure 47. Input Impedance vs. Frequency, Supply 3 V, SOT-23 Selecting the Filter Capacitor The AD8361’s internal 27 pF filter capacitor is connected in parallel with an internal resistance that varies with signal level from 2 kΩ for small signals to 500 Ω for large signals. The resulting low-pass corner frequency between 3 MHz and 12 MHz provides adequate filtering for all frequencies above 240 MHz (i.e., 10 times the frequency at the output of the squarer, which is twice the input frequency). However, signals with high peak-to-average ratios, such as CDMA or W-CDMA signals, and low frequency components require additional filtering. TDMA signals, such as GSM, PDC, or PHS, have a peak-to average ratio that is close to that of a sinusoid, and the internal filter is adequate. AD8361 RFIN RFIN RSH 01088-C-043 CC AD8361 RFIN RFIN LM 01088-C-044 CC AD8361 RFIN RFIN 01088-C-045 CM CC LM AD8361 RFIN RFIN 01088-C-046 RSERIES CC FREQUENCY (MHz) 200 0 500 RESISTANCE () 100 0 250 150 50 1000 15002000250030003500 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 CAPACITANCE (pF) 01088-C-047 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 15 of 24 The filter capacitance of the AD8361 can be augmented by connecting a capacitor between Pin 6 (FLTR) and VPOS. Table 7 shows the effect of several capacitor values for various communications standards with high peak-to-average ratios along with the residual ripple at the output, in peak-to-peak and rms volts. Note that large filter capacitors increase the enable and pulse response times, as discussed below. Table 7. Effect of Waveform and CFILT on Residual AC Output Residual AC Waveform CFILT V dc mV p-p mV rms IS95 Reverse Link Open 0.5 550 100 1.0 1000 180 2.0 2000 360 0.01 μF 0.5 40 6 1.0 160 20 2.0 430 60 0.1 μF 0.5 20 3 1.0 40 6 2.0 110 18 IS95 8-Channel 0.01 μF 0.5 290 40 Forward Link 1.0 975 150 2.0 2600 430 0.1 μF 0.5 50 7 1.0 190 30 2.0 670 95 W-CDMA 15 0.01 μF 0.5 225 35 Channel 1.0 940 135 2.0 2500 390 0.1 μF 0.5 45 6 1.0 165 25 2.0 550 80 Operation at Low Frequencies Although the AD8361 is specified for operation up to 2.5 GHz, there is no lower limit on the operating frequency. It is only necessary to increase the input coupling capacitor to reduce the corner frequency of the input high-pass filter (use an input resistance of 225 Ω for frequencies below 100 MHz). It is also necessary to increase the filter capacitor so that the signal at the output of the squaring circuit is free of ripple. The corner frequency is set by the combination of the internal resistance of 2 kΩ and the external filter capacitance. Power Consumption, Enable and Power-On The quiescent current consumption of the AD8361 varies with the size of the input signal from about 1 mA for no signal up to 7 mA at an input level of 0.66 V rms (9.4 dBm, re 50 Ω). If the input is driven beyond this point, the supply current increases steeply (see Figure 16). There is little variation in quiescent current with power supply voltage. The AD8361 can be disabled either by pulling the PWDN (Pin 4) to VPOS or by simply turning off the power to the device. While turning off the device obviously eliminates the current consumption, disabling the device reduces the leakage current to less than 1 μA. Figure 27 and Figure 28 show the response of the output of the AD8361 to a pulse on the PWDN pin, with no capacitance and with a filter capacitance of 0.01 μF, respectively; the turn-on time is a function of the filter capacitor. Figure 31 shows a plot of the output response to the supply being turned on (i.e., PWDN is grounded and VPOS is pulsed) with a filter capacitor of 0.01 μF. Again, the turn-on time is strongly influenced by the size of the filter capacitor. If the input of the AD8361 is driven while the device is disabled (PWDN = VPOS), the leakage current of less than 1 μA increases as a function of input level. When the device is disabled, the output impedance increases to approximately 16 kΩ. Volts to dBm Conversion In many of the plots, the horizontal axis is scaled in both rms volts and dBm. In all cases, dBm are calculated relative to an impedance of 50 Ω. To convert between dBm and volts in a 50 Ω system, the following equations can be used. Figure 48 shows this conversion in graphical form. ()()()()222010logW0.001Ω5010logdBmrmsVrmsVPower== ()20/10log10logΩ50W0.00111dBmdBmrmsV−−= ××= Figure 48. Conversion from dBm to rms Volts V rmsdBm+20+100–10–20–30–4010.10.010.00101088-C-048 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 16 of 24 Output Drive Capability and Buffering The AD8361 is capable of sourcing an output current of approximately 3 mA. If additional current is required, a simple buffering circuit can be used as shown in Figure 51. Similar circuits can be used to increase or decrease the nominal conversion gain of 7.5 V/V rms (Figure 49 and Figure 50). In Figure 50, the AD8031 buffers a resistive divider to give a slope of 3.75 V/V rms. In Figure 49, the op amp’s gain of two increases the slope to 15 V/V rms. Using other resistor values, the slope can be changed to an arbitrary value. The AD8031 rail-to-rail op amp, used in these example, can swing from 50 mV to 4.95 V on a single 5 V supply and operate at supply voltages down to 2.7 V. If high output current is required (>10 mA), the AD8051, which also has rail-to- rail capability, can be used down to a supply voltage of 3 V. It can deliver up to 45 mA of output current. Figure 49. Output Buffering Options, Slope of 15 V/V rms Figure 50. Output Buffering Options, Slope of 3.75 V/V rms Figure 51. Output Buffering Options, Slope of 7.5 V/V rms OUTPUT REFERENCE TEMPERATURE DRIFT COMPENSATION The error due to low temperature drift of the AD8361 can be reduced if the temperature is known. Many systems incorporate a temperature sensor; the output of the sensor is typically digitized, facilitating a software correction. Using this information, only a two-point calibration at ambient is required. The output voltage of the AD8361 at ambient (25°C) can be expressed by the equation OUT VIN GAIN V where GAIN is the conversion gain in V/V rms and VOS is the extrapolated output voltage for an input level of 0 V. GAIN and VOS (also referred to as intercept and output reference) can be calculated at ambient using a simple two-point calibration by measuring the output voltages for two specific input levels. Calibration at roughly 35 mV rms (−16 dBm) and 250 mV rms (+1 dBm) is recommended for maximum linear dynamic range. However, alternative levels and ranges can be chosen to suit the application. GAIN and VOS are then calculated using the equations IN2 IN1 OUT2 OUT1 V V V V GAIN OS OUT1 VIN1 GAIN V V Both GAIN and VOS drift over temperature. However, the drift of VOS has a bigger influence on the error relative to the output. This can be seen by inserting data from Figure 18 and Figure 21 (intercept drift and conversion gain) into the equation for VOUT. These plots are consistent with Figure 14 and Figure 15, which show that the error due to temperature drift decreases with increasing input level. This results from the offset error having a diminishing influence with increasing level on the overall measurement error. From Figure 18, the average intercept drift is 0.43 mV/°C from −40°C to +25°C and 0.17 mV/°C from +25°C to +85°C. For a less rigorous compensation scheme, the average drift over the complete temperature range can be calculated as C /V0.000304 C 40C85 V 0.028V0.010 C /V DRIFTVOS With the drift of VOS included, the equation for VOUT becomes VOUT = (GAIN × VIN) + VOS + DRIFTVOS × (TEMP − 25°C) 0.01F 100pF 0.01F AD8361 VOUT VPOS COMM PWDN 5k 5k 5V AD8031 15V/V rms 01088-C-049 0.01F 100pF 0.01F AD8361 VOUT VPOS COMM PWDN 5V 5k AD8031 3.75V/V rms 5k 10k 01088-C-050 0.01F 100pF 0.01F AD8361 VOUT VPOS COMM PWDN 5V AD8031 7.5V/V rms 01088-C-051 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 17 of 24 The equation can be rewritten to yield a temperature compensated value for VIN: ()()GAINTEMPDRIFTVVVVOSOSOUTINC25°−×−−= Figure 52 shows the output voltage and error (in dB) as a function of input level for a typical device (note that output voltage is plotted on a logarithmic scale). Figure 53 shows the error in the calculated input level after the temperature compensation algorithm has been applied. For a supply voltage of 5 V, the part exhibits a worst-case linearity error over temperature of approximately ±0.3 dB over a dynamic range of 35 dB. Figure 52. Typical Output Voltage and Error vs. Input Level, 800 MHz, VPOS = 5 V Figure 53. Error after Temperature Compensation of Output Reference,800 MHz, VPOS = 5 V Extended Frequency Characterization Although the AD8361 was originally intended as a power measurement and control device for cellular wireless applications, the AD8361 has useful performance at higher frequencies. Typical applications may include MMDS, LMDS, WLAN, and other noncellular activities. In order to characterize the AD8361 at frequencies greater than 2.5 GHz, a small collection of devices were tested. Dynamic range, conversion gain, and output intercept were measured at several frequencies over a temperature range of −30°C to +80°C. Both CW and 64 QAM modulated input wave forms were used in the characterization process in order to access varying peak-to-average waveform performance. The dynamic range of the device is calculated as the input power range over which the device remains within a permissible error margin to the ideal transfer function. Devices were tested over frequency and temperature. After identifying an acceptable error margin for a given application, the usable dynamic measurement range can be identified using the plots in Figure 54 through Figure 57. For instance, for a 1 dB error margin and a modulated carrier at 3 GHz, the usable dynamic range can be found by inspecting the 3 GHz plot of Figure 57. Note that the −30°C curve crosses the −1 dB error limit at −17 dBm. For a 5 V supply, the maximum input power should not exceed 6 dBm in order to avoid compression. The resultant usable dynamic range is therefore 6 dBm − (−17 dBm) or 23 dBm over a temperature range of −30°C to +80°C. Figure 54. Transfer Function and Error Plots Measured at 1.5 GHz for a 64 QAM Modulated Signal PIN (dBm)2.5–250–20–15–10–51.02.01.50.5ERROR ( dB)510+25°C–40°C0–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.50.1101.0VOUT ( V)+85°C01088-C-052PIN (dBm)–250–20–15–10–51.02.01.50.5ERROR ( dB)5100–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.5+25°C–40°C+85°C–3.0–3001088-C-053PIN (dBm)2.5–25ERROR ( dB)2.01.51.00.50–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.5–20–15–10–505101010.1VOUT ( V)+80°C+25°C–30°C01088-0-054 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 18 of 24 Figure 55. Transfer Function and Error Plots Measured at 2.5 GHz for a 64 QAM Modulated Signal Figure 56. Transfer Function and Error Plots Measured at 2.7 GHz for a 64 QAM Modulated Signal Figure 57. Transfer Function and Error Plots Measured at 3.0 GHz for a 64 QAM Modulated Signal Figure 58. Error from CW Linear Reference vs. Input Drive Level for CW and 64 QAM Modulated Signals at 3.0 GHz Figure 59. Conversion Gain vs. Frequency for a Typical Device, Supply 3 V, Ground Reference Mode The transfer functions and error for a CW input and a 64 QAM input waveform is shown in Figure 58. The error curve is generated from a linear reference based on the CW data. The increased crest factor of the 64 QAM modulation results in a decrease in output from the AD8361. This decrease in output is a result of the limited bandwidth and compression of the internal gain stages. This inaccuracy should be accounted for in systems where varying crest factor signals need to be measured. The conversion gain is defined as the slope of the output voltage vs. the input rms voltage. An ideal best fit curve can be found for the measured transfer function at a given supply voltage and temperature. The slope of the ideal curve is identified as the conversion gain for a particular device. The conversion gain relates the measurement sensitivity of the AD8361 to the rms input voltage of the RF waveform. The conversion gain was measured for a number of devices over a temperature range of −30°C to +80°C. The conversion gain for a typical device is shown in Figure 59. Although the conversion gain tends to decrease with increasing frequency, the AD8361 provides measurement capability at frequencies greater than 2.5 GHz. However, it is necessary to calibrate for a given application to PIN (dBm)2.5–25ERROR ( dB)2.01.51.00.50–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.5–20–15–10–505101010.1VOUT ( V)+80°C+25°C–30°C01088-C-055PIN (dBm)2.5–25ERROR ( dB)2.01.51.00.50–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.5–20–15–10–505101010.1VOUT ( V)+80°C+25°C–30°C01088-C-056PIN (dBm)2.5–25ERROR ( dB)2.01.51.00.50–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.5–20–15–10–550101010.1VOUT ( V)+80°C+25°C–30°C01088-C-057PIN (dBm)2.5–25ERROR ( dB)2.01.51.00.50–0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0–2.5–20–15–10–550101010.1VOUT ( V)CW64 QAM01088-C-058FREQUENCY (MHz)8.0100CONVERSION GAIN ( V/V rms)7.57.06.56.05.55.020040080012001600220025002700300001088-C-059 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 19 of 24 accommodate for the change in conversion gain at higher frequencies. Dynamic Range Extension for the AD8361 The accurate measurement range of the AD8361 is limited by internal dc offsets for small input signals and by square law conformance errors for large signals. The measurement range may be extended by using two devices operating at different signal levels and then choosing only the output of the device that provides accurate results at the prevailing input level. Figure 60 depicts an implementation of this idea. In this circuit, the selection of the output is made gradually over an input level range of about 3 dB in order to minimize the impact of imperfect matching of the transfer functions of the two AD8361s. Such a mismatch typically arises because of the variation of the gain of the RF preamplifier U1 and both the gain and slope variations of the AD8361s with temperature. One of the AD8361s (U2) has a net gain of about 14 dB preceding it and therefore operates most accurately at low input signal levels. This is referred to as the weak signal path. U4, on the other hand, does not have the added gain and provides accurate response at high levels. The output of U2 is attenuated by R1 in order to cancel the effect of U2’s preceding gain so that the slope of the transfer function (as seen at the slider of R1) is the same as that of U4 by itself. The circuit comprising U3, U5, and U6 is a crossfader, in which the relative gains of the two inputs are determined by the output currents of a fuzzy comparator made from Q1 and Q2. Assuming that the slider of R2 is at 2.5 V dc, the fuzzy comparator commands full weighting of the weak signal path when the output of U2 is below about 2.0 V dc, and full weighting of the strong signal path when the output of U3 exceeds about 3.0 V dc. U3 and U5 are OTAs (operational transconductance amplifiers). Figure 60. Range Extender Application 87651234AD83610.1μF5V100pF5V0.01μF68ΩU2ERA-320dBU1RFC270Ω12V6dBPAD6dBSPLITTERRFINPUT12V20kΩ1kΩ1kΩ5VR210kΩQ22N3906Q12N390616kΩR15kΩCA3080+12V–5VU320kΩCA3080+12V–5VU52356235620kΩ1MΩR310kΩ–5V+5V12kΩ87651234AD83610.1μF5V100pF5V0.01μF68ΩU4AD8205VU6238.2nF476VOUT100Ω01088-C-060 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 20 of 24 U6 provides feedback to linearize the inherent tanh transfer function of the OTAs. When one OTA or the other is fully selected, the feedback is very effective. The active OTA has zero differential input; the inactive one has a potentially large differential input, but this does not matter because the inactive OTA is not contributing to the output. However, when both OTAs are active to some extent, and the two signal inputs to the crossfader are different, it is impossible to have zero differential inputs on the OTAs. In this event, the crossfader admittedly generates distortion because of the nonlinear transfer function of the OTAs. Fortunately, in this application, the distortion is not very objectionable for two reasons: 1. The mismatch in input levels to the crossfader is never large enough to evoke very much distortion because the AD8361s are reasonably well-behaved. 2. The effect of the distortion in this case is merely to distort the otherwise nearly linear slope of the transition between the crossfader’s two inputs. Figure 61. Slope Adjustment This circuit has three trimmable potentiometers. The suggested setup procedure is as follows: 3. Preset R3 at midrange. 4. Set R2 so that its slider’s voltage is at the middle of the desired transition zone (about 2.5 V dc is recommended). 5. Set R1 so that the transfer function’s slopes are equal on both sides of the transition zone. This is perhaps best accomplished by making a plot of the overall transfer function (using linear voltage scales for both axes) to assess the match in slope between one side of the transition region and the other (see Figure 61). Note: it may be helpful to adjust R3 to remove any large misalignment in the transfer function in order to correctly perceive slope differences. 6. Finally (re)adjust R3 as required to remove any remaining misalignment in the transfer function (see Figure 62). Figure 62. Intercept Adjustment In principle, this method could be extended to three or more AD8361s in pursuit of even more measurement range. However, it is very important to pay close attention to the matter of not excessively overdriving the AD8361s in the weaker signal paths under strong signal conditions. Figure 63 shows the extended range transfer function at multiple temperatures. The discontinuity at approximately 0.2 V rms arises as a result of component temperature dependencies. Figure 64 shows the error in dB of the range extender circuit at ambient temperature. For a 1 dB error margin, the range extender circuit offers 38 dB of measurement range. Figure 63. Output vs. Drive Level over Temperature for a 1 GHz 64 QAM Modulated Signal Figure 64. Error from Linear Reference at 25°C for a 1 GHz 64 QAM Modulated Signal VOUTm1m2m1≠m2DIFFERINGSLOPES INDICATEMALADJUSTMENTOF R1RF INPUT LEVEL– V rmsTRANSITIONREGION01088-C-061VOUTRF INPUT LEVEL– V rmsTRANSITIONREGIONMISALIGNMENT INDICATESMALADJUSTMENT OF R301088-C-062DRIVE LEVEL (V rms)3.02.5001.00.2VOUT ( V)0.40.60.82.01.51.00.5REF LINE+80°C–30°C01088-C-063DRIVE LEVEL (dBm)5–32ERROR ( dB)43210–1–2–3–4–5–27–22–17–12–7–2381301088-C-064 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 21 of 24 EVALUATION BOARD Figure 65 and Figure 68 show the schematic of the AD8361 evaluation board. Note that uninstalled components are drawn in as dashed. The layout and silkscreen of the component side are shown in Figure 66, Figure 67, Figure 69, and Figure 70. The board is powered by a single supply in the 2.7 V to 5.5 V range. The power supply is decoupled by 100 pF and 0.01 μF capacitors. Additional decoupling, in the form of a series resistor or inductor in R6, can also be added. Table 8 details the various configuration options of the evaluation board. Table 8. Evaluation Board Configuration Options Component Function Default Condition TP1, TP2 Ground and Supply Vector Pins. Not Applicable SW1 Device Enable. When in Position A, the PWDN pin is connected to +VS and the AD8361 is in power-down mode. In Position B, the PWDN pin is grounded, putting the device in operating mode. SW1 = B SW2/SW3 Operating Mode. Selects either ground reference mode, internal reference mode or supply reference mode. See Table 4 for more details. SW2 = A, SW3 = B (Ground Reference Mode) C1, R2 Input Coupling. The 75 Ω resistor in Position R2 combines with the AD8361’s internal input impedance to give a broadband input impedance of around 50 Ω. For more precise matching at a particular frequency, R2 can be replaced by a different value (see Input Coupling and Matching and Figure 43 through Figure 46). Capacitor C1 ac couples the input signal and creates a high-pass input filter whose corner frequency is equal to approximately 8 MHz. C1 can be increased for operation at lower frequencies. If resistive attenuation is desired at the input, series resistor R1, which is nominally 0 Ω, can be replaced by an appropriate value. R2 = 75 Ω (Size 0402) C1 = 100 pF (Size 0402) C2, C3, R6 Power Supply Decoupling. The nominal supply decoupling of 0.01 μF and 100 pF. A series inductor or small resistor can be placed in R6 for additional decoupling. C2 = 0.01 μF (Size 0402) C3 = 100 pF (Size 0402) R6 = 0 Ω (Size 0402) C5 Filter Capacitor. The internal 50 pF averaging capacitor can be augmented by placing a capacitance in C5. C5 = 1 nF (Size 0603) C4, R5 Output Loading. Resistors and capacitors can be placed in C4 and R5 to load test V rms. C4 = R5 = Open (Size 0603) AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 22 of 24 Figure 65. Evaluation Board Schematic, MSOP Figure 66. Layout of Component Side, MSOP Figure 67. Silkscreen of Component Side, MSOP Figure 68. Evaluation Board Schematic, SOT-23 Figure 69. Layout of the Component Side, SOT-23 Figure 70. Silkscreen of the Component Side, SOT-23 12348765AD8361VPOSIREFRFINPWDNSREFVRMSFLTRCOMMC20.01μFC3100pFC1100pFC5RFINVrmsVPOSVSSW2VSSW3SW1ABAB1nFABTP2TP1VPOSVPOSR275ΩR40ΩR60ΩC4(OPEN)R5(OPEN)01088-C-06501088-C-06601088-C-067R275ΩR750ΩR40ΩC20.01μFC1100pFC3100pFC51nFJ2J3J1TP2C4(OPEN)R5(OPEN)AD8361VPOSRFINPWDNVRMSFLTRCOMMTP1SW1123VPOS12365401088-C-06801088-C-06901088-C-070 Data Sheet AD8361 Rev. D | Page 23 of 24 Problems caused by impedance mismatch may arise using the evaluation board to examine the AD8361 performance. One way to reduce these problems is to put a coaxial 3 dB attenuator on the RFIN SMA connector. Mismatches at the source, cable, and cable interconnection, as well as those occurring on the evaluation board, can cause these problems. A simple (and common) example of such a problem is triple travel due to mismatch at both the source and the evaluation board. Here the signal from the source reaches the evaluation board and mismatch causes a reflection. When that reflection reaches the source mismatch, it causes a new reflection, which travels back to the evaluation board, adding to the original signal incident at the board. The resultant voltage varies with both cable length and frequency dependence on the relative phase of the initial and reflected signals. Placing the 3 dB pad at the input of the board improves the match at the board and thus reduces the sensitivity to mismatches at the source. When such precautions are taken, measurements are less sensitive to cable length and other fixture issues. In an actual application when the distance between AD8361 and source is short and well defined, this 3 dB attenuator is not needed. CHARACTERIZATION SETUPS Equipment The primary characterization setup is shown in Figure 72. The signal source used was a Rohde & Schwarz SMIQ03B, version 3.90HX. The modulated waveforms used for IS95 reverse link, IS95 nine active channels forward (forward link 18 setting), and W-CDMA 4-channel and 15-channel were generated using the default settings coding and filtering. Signal levels were calibrated into a 50 Ω impedance. Analysis The conversion gain and output reference are derived using the coefficients of a linear regression performed on data collected in its central operating range (35 mV rms to 250 mV rms). This range was chosen to avoid areas of operation where offset distorts the linear response. Error is stated in two forms error from linear response to CW waveform and output delta from 2°C performance. The error from linear response to CW waveform is the difference in output from the ideal output defined by the conversion gain and output reference. This is a measure of both the linearity of the device response to both CW and modulated waveforms. The error in dB uses the conversion gain multiplied by the input as its reference. Error from linear response to CW waveform is not a measure of absolute accuracy, since it is calculated using the gain and output reference of each device. However, it does show the linearity and effect of modulation on the device response. Error from 25°C performance uses the performance of a given device and waveform type as the reference; it is predominantly a measure of output variation with temperature. Figure 71. Characterization Board Figure 72. Characterization Setup 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 AD8361 VPOS IREF RFIN PWDN SREF VRMS FLTR COMM C1 0.1F R1 75 RFIN C3 C4 0.1F C2 100pF IREF PWDN VPOS SREF VRMS 01088-C-071 AD8361 CHARACTERIZATION BOARD RFIN PRUP +VS SREF IREF VRMS SMIQ038B RF SIGNAL DC OUTPUT RF SOURCE IEEE BUS PC CONTROLLER DC MATRIX / DC SUPPLIES / DMM DC SOURCES 3dB ATTENUATOR 01088-C-072 AD8361 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 24 of 24 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Figure 73. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters Figure 74. 6-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package [SOT-23] (RJ-6) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option Branding AD8361ARM −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, Tube RM-8 J3A AD8361ARM-REEL7 −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, 7" Tape and Reel RM-8 J3A AD8361ARMZ −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, Tube RM-8 J3A AD8361ARMZ-REEL −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, 13" Tape and Reel RM-8 J3A AD8361ARMZ-REEL7 −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, 7" Tape and Reel RM-8 J3A AD8361ARTZ-RL7 −40°C to +85°C 6-Lead SOT-23, 7" Tape and Reel RJ-6 Q0V AD8361-EVALZ Evaluation Board MSOP AD8361ART-EVAL Evaluation Board SOT-23-6L 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-AA 6° 0° 0.80 0.55 0.40 4 8 1 5 0.65 BSC 0.40 0.25 1.10 MAX 3.20 3.00 2.80 COPLANARITY 0.10 0.23 0.09 3.20 3.00 2.80 5.15 4.90 4.65 PIN 1 IDENTIFIER 15° MAX 0.95 0.85 0.75 0.15 0.05 10-07-2009-B COMPLIANTTOJEDECSTANDARDSMO-178-AB 10° 4° 0° SEATING PLANE 1.90 BSC 0.95BSC 0.60 BSC 6 5 1 2 3 4 3.00 2.90 2.80 3.00 2.80 2.60 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.30 1.15 0.90 0.15MAX 0.05MIN 1.45MAX 0.95MIN 0.20MAX 0.08MIN 0.50MAX 0.30MIN 0.55 0.45 0.35 PIN1 INDICATOR 12-16-2008-A ©2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D01088–0–3/14(D) Fast, Voltage-Out, DC to 440 MHz, 95 dB Logarithmic Amplifier AD8310 Rev. F Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2005–2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. FEATURES Multistage demodulating logarithmic amplifier Voltage output, rise time <15 ns High current capacity: 25 mA into grounded RL 95 dB dynamic range: −91 dBV to +4 dBV Single supply of 2.7 V min at 8 mA typ DC to 440 MHz operation, ±0.4 dB linearity Slope of +24 mV/dB, intercept of −108 dBV Highly stable scaling over temperature Fully differential dc-coupled signal path 100 ns power-up time, 1 mA sleep current APPLICATIONS Conversion of signal level to decibel form Transmitter antenna power measurement Receiver signal strength indication (RSSI) Low cost radar and sonar signal processing Network and spectrum analyzers Signal-level determination down to 20 Hz True-decibel ac mode for multimeters FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8310 is a complete, dc to 440 MHz demodulating logarithmic amplifier (log amp) with a very fast voltage mode output, capable of driving up to 25 mA into a grounded load in under 15 ns. It uses the progressive compression (successive detection) technique to provide a dynamic range of up to 95 dB to ±3 dB law conformance or 90 dB to a ±1 dB error bound up to 100 MHz. It is extremely stable and easy to use, requiring no significant external components. A single-supply voltage of 2.7 V to 5.5 V at 8 mA is needed, corresponding to a power consumption of only 24 mW at 3 V. A fast-acting CMOS-compatible enable pin is provided. Each of the six cascaded amplifier/limiter cells has a small-signal gain of 14.3 dB, with a −3 dB bandwidth of 900 MHz. A total of nine detector cells are used to provide a dynamic range that extends from −91 dBV (where 0 dBV is defined as the amplitude of a 1 V rms sine wave), an amplitude of about ±40 μV, up to +4 dBV (or ±2.2 V). The demodulated output is accurately scaled, with a log slope of 24 mV/dB and an intercept of −108 dBV. The scaling parameters are supply- and temperature-independent. The fully differential input offers a moderately high impedance (1 kΩ in parallel with about 1 pF). A simple network can match the input to 50 Ω and provide a power sensitivity of −78 dBm to +17 dBm. The logarithmic linearity is typically within ±0.4 dB up to 100 MHz over the central portion of the range, but it is somewhat greater at 440 MHz. There is no minimum frequency limit; the AD8310 can be used down to low audio frequencies. Special filtering features are provided to support this wide range. The output voltage runs from a noise-limited lower boundary of 400 mV to an upper limit within 200 mV of the supply voltage for light loads. The slope and intercept can be readily altered using external resistors. The output is tolerant of a wide variety of load conditions and is stable with capacitive loads of 100 pF. The AD8310 provides a unique combination of low cost, small size, low power consumption, high accuracy and stability, high dynamic range, a frequency range encompassing audio to UHF, fast response time, and good load-driving capabilities, making this product useful in numerous applications that require the reduction of a signal to its decibel equivalent. The AD8310 is available in the industrial temperature range of −40°C to +85°C in an 8-lead MSOP package. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 2 of 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications ..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 4 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 4 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 5 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6 Theory of Operation ........................................................................ 9 Progressive Compression ............................................................ 9 Slope and Intercept Calibration ................................................ 10 Offset Control ............................................................................. 10 Product Overview ........................................................................... 11 Enable Interface .......................................................................... 11 Input Interface ............................................................................ 11 Offset Interface ........................................................................... 12 Output Interface ......................................................................... 12 Using the AD8310 .......................................................................... 14 Basic Connections ...................................................................... 14 Transfer Function in Terms of Slope and Intercept ............... 15 dBV vs. dBm ............................................................................... 15 Input Matching ........................................................................... 15 Narrow-Band Matching ............................................................ 16 General Matching Procedure .................................................... 16 Slope and Intercept Adjustments ............................................. 17 Increasing the Slope to a Fixed Value ...................................... 17 Output Filtering .......................................................................... 18 Lowering the High-Pass Corner Frequency of the Offset Compensation Loop .................................................................. 18 Applications Information .............................................................. 19 Cable-Driving ............................................................................. 19 DC-Coupled Input ..................................................................... 19 Evaluation Board ............................................................................ 20 Die Information .............................................................................. 22 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 23 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 23 REVISION HISTORY 6/10—Rev. E to Rev. F Added Die Information Section ................................................... 22 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 23 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 23 6/05—Rev. D to Rev. E Changes to Figure 6 .......................................................................... 6 Change to Basic Connections Section ......................................... 14 Changes to Equation 10 ................................................................. 17 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 22 10/04—Rev. C to Rev. D Format Updated .................................................................. Universal Typical Performance Characteristics Reordered .......................... 6 Changes to Figure 41 and Figure 42 ............................................. 20 7/03—Rev. B to Rev. C Replaced TPC 12 ............................................................................... 5 Change to DC-Coupled Input Section ........................................ 14 Replaced Figure 20 ......................................................................... 15 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 16 2/03—Rev. A to Rev. B Change to Evaluation Board Section ........................................... 15 Change to Table III ......................................................................... 16 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 16 1/00—Rev. 0 to Rev. A 10/99—Revision 0: Initial Version AD8310 Rev. F | Page 3 of 24 SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25°C, VS = 5 V, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter Test Conditions/Comments Min Typ Max Unit INPUT STAGE Inputs INHI, INLO Maximum Input1 Single-ended, p-p ±2.0 ±2.2 V 4 dBV Equivalent Power in 50 Ω Termination resistor of 52.3 Ω 17 dBm Differential drive, p-p 20 dBm Noise Floor Terminated 50 Ω source 1.28 nV/√Hz Equivalent Power in 50 Ω 440 MHz bandwidth −78 dBm Input Resistance From INHI to INLO 800 1000 1200 Ω Input Capacitance From INHI to INLO 1.4 pF DC Bias Voltage Either input 3.2 V LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER Output VOUT ±3 dB Error Dynamic Range From noise floor to maximum input 95 dB Transfer Slope 10 MHz ≤ f ≤ 200 MHz 22 24 26 mV/dB Overtemperature, −40°C < TA < +85°C 20 26 mV/dB Intercept (Log Offset)2 10 MHz ≤ f ≤ 200 MHz −115 −108 −99 dBV Equivalent dBm (re 50 Ω) −102 −95 −86 dBm Overtemperature, −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C −120 −96 dBV Equivalent dBm (re 50 Ω) −107 −83 dBm Temperature sensitivity −0.04 dB/°C Linearity Error (Ripple) Input from −88 dBV (−75 dBm) to +2 dBV (+15 dBm) ±0.4 dB Output Voltage Input = −91 dBV (−78 dBm) 0.4 V Input = 9 dBV (22 dBm) 2.6 V Minimum Load Resistance, RL 100 Ω Maximum Sink Current 0.5 mA Output Resistance 0.05 Ω Video Bandwidth 25 MHz Rise Time (10% to 90%) Input level = −43 dBV (−30 dBm), RL ≥ 402 Ω, CL ≤ 68 pF 15 ns Input level = −3 dBV (+10 dBm), RL ≥ 402 Ω, CL ≤ 68 pF 20 ns Fall Time (90% to 10%) Input level = −43 dBV (−30 dBm), RL ≥ 402 Ω, CL ≤ 68 pF 30 ns Input level = −3 dBV (+10 dBm), RL ≥ 402 Ω, CL ≤ 68 pF 40 ns Output Settling Time to 1% Input level = −13 dBV (0 dBm), RL ≥ 402 Ω, CL ≤ 68 pF 40 ns POWER INTERFACES Supply Voltage, VPOS 2.7 5.5 V Quiescent Current Zero signal 6.5 8.0 9.5 mA Overtemperature −40°C < TA < +85°C 5.5 8.5 10 mA Disable Current 0.05 μA Logic Level to Enable Power High condition, −40°C < TA < +85°C 2.3 V Input Current When High 3 V at ENBL 35 μA Logic Level to Disable Power Low condition, −40°C < TA < +85°C 0.8 V 1 The input level is specified in dBV, because logarithmic amplifiers respond strictly to voltage, not power. 0 dBV corresponds to a sinusoidal single-frequency input of 1 V rms. A power level of 0 dBm (1 mW) in a 50 Ω termination corresponds to an input of 0.2236 V rms. Therefore, the relationship between dBV and dBm is a fixed offset of 13 dBm in the special case of a 50 Ω termination. 2 Guaranteed but not tested; limits are specified at six sigma levels. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 4 of 24 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter Rating Supply Voltage, VS 7.5 V Input Power (re 50 Ω), Single-Ended 18 dBm Differential Drive 22 dBm Internal Power Dissipation 200 mW θJA 200°C/W Maximum Junction Temperature 125°C Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering 60 sec) 300°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION AD8310 Rev. F | Page 5 of 24 01084-002 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS INLO1INHI8 Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 INLO One of Two Balanced Inputs. Biased roughly to VPOS/2. 2 COMM Common Pin. Usually grounded. 3 OFLT Offset Filter Access. Nominally at about 1.75 V. 4 VOUT Low Impedance Output Voltage. Carries a 25 mA maximum load. 5 VPOS Positive Supply. 2.7 V to 5.5 V at 8 mA quiescent current. 6 BFIN Buffer Input. Used to lower postdetection bandwidth. 7 ENBL CMOS Compatible Chip Enable. Active when high. 8 INHI Second of Two Balanced Inputs. Biased roughly to VPOS/2. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 6 of 24 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 3.00RSSI OUTPUT ( V)2.52.01.51.00.5TA = +85°CTA = +25°CTA =–40°C01084-011 Figure 3. RSSI Output vs. Input Level, 100 MHz Sine Input at TA = −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C, Single-Ended Input 3.0RSSI OUTPUT ( V)2.52.01.51.00.5010MHz50MHz100MHz Figure 4. RSSI Output vs. Input Level at TA = 25°C for Frequencies of 10 MHz, 50 MHz, and 100 MHz 3.00RSSI OUTPUT ( V)2.52.01.51.00.5200MHz300MHz440MHz Figure 5. RSSI Output vs. Input Level at TA = 25°C for Frequencies of 200 MHz, 300 MHz, and 440 MHz Figure 6. Log Linearity of RSSI Output vs. Input Level, 100 MHz Sine Input at TA = −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C Figure 7. Log Linearity of RSSI Output vs. Input Level at TA = 25°C for Frequencies of 10 MHz, 50 MHz, and 100 MHz Figure 8. Log Linearity of RSSI Output vs. Input Level at TA = 25°C for Frequencies of 200 MHz, 300 MHz, and 440 MHz AD8310 Rev. F | Page 7 of 24 500mV PERVERTICALDIVISIONVOUT100pF3300pFGROUND REFERENCE0.01μF Figure 9. Small-Signal AC Response of RSSI Output with External BFIN Capacitance of 100 pF, 3300 pF, and 0.01 μF GND REFERENCEINPUT 500mV PERVERTICALDIVISIONVOUT154Ω100Ω200Ω Figure 10. Large-Signal RSSI Pulse Response with CL = 100 pF and RL = 100 Ω, 154 Ω, and 200 Ω 100ns PERHORIZONTALDIVISIONGND REFERENCEINPUT500mV PERVERTICALDIVISIONVOUT Figure 12. Small-Signal RSSI Pulse Response with RL = 402 Ω and CL = 68 pF Figure 13. Large-Signal RSSI Pulse Response with RL = 100 Ω and CL = 33 pF, 68 pF, and 100 pF Figure 11. RSSI Pulse Response with RL = 402 Ω and CL = 68 pF, for Inputs Stepped from 0 dBV to −33 dBV, −23 dBV, −13 dBV, and −3 dBV 01084-008 Figure 14. Small-Signal RSSI Pulse Response with RL = 50 Ω and Back Termination of 50 Ω (Total Load = 100 Ω) AD8310 100SUPPLY CURRENT ( mA)1010.10.010.0010.0001TA = +85°CTA = +25°C Figure 18. Power-On/Off Response Time with RF Input of −83 dBV to −3 dBV Figure 15. Supply Current vs. Enable Voltage at TA = −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C 3029RSSI SLOPE ( mV/dB)24232226252827 Figure 16. RSSI Slope vs. Frequency Figure 19. RSSI Intercept vs. Frequency INTERCEPT (dBV)0–115–113 3010COUNT252015 3540NORMAL(23.6584,0.308728) Figure 17. Transfer Slope Distribution, VS = 5 V, Frequency = 100 MHz, 25°C –111–109–107–105–103–101–99–97 Figure 20. Intercept Distribution, VS = 5 V, Frequency = 100 MHz, 25°C AD8310 Rev. F | Page 9 of 24 THEORY OF OPERATION Logarithmic amplifiers perform a more complex operation than classical linear amplifiers, and their circuitry is significantly different. A good grasp of what log amps do and how they do it can help users avoid many pitfalls in their applications. For a complete discussion of the theory, see the AD8307 data sheet. The essential purpose of a log amp is not to amplify (though amplification is needed internally), but to compress a signal of wide dynamic range to its decibel equivalent. It is, therefore, a measurement device. An even better term might be logarithmic converter, because the function is to convert a signal from one domain of representation to another via a precise nonlinear transformation: ⎞⎛INV (1) where: VOUT is the output voltage. VY is the slope voltage. The logarithm is usually taken to base ten, in which case VY is also the volts-per-decade. VIN is the input voltage. VX is the intercept voltage. Log amps implicitly require two references (here VX and VY) that determine the scaling of the circuit. The accuracy of a log amp cannot be any better than the accuracy of its scaling references. In the AD8310, these are provided by a band gap reference. VOUT5VY4VY3VY2VYVY VOUT =0LOGVINVSHIFTLOWER INTERCEPTVIN=10–2VX–40dBcVIN=102VX+40dBcVIN=104VX+80dBcVIN =VX0dBc Figure 21. General Form of the Logarithmic Function While Equation 1, plotted in Figure 21, is fundamentally correct, a different formula is appropriate for specifying the calibration attributes or demodulating log amps like the AD8310, operating in RF applications with a sine wave input. (2) where: VOUT is the demodulated and filtered baseband (video or RSSI) output. VSLOPE is the logarithmic slope, now expressed in V/dB (25 mV/dB for the AD8310). PIN is the input power, expressed in dB relative to some reference power level. PO is the logarithmic intercept, expressed in dB relative to the same reference level. A widely used reference in RF systems is dB above 1 mW in 50 Ω, a level of 0 dBm. Note that the quantity (PIN − PO) is dB. The logarithmic function disappears from the formula, because the conversion has already been implicitly performed in stating the input in decibels. This is strictly a concession to popular convention. Log amps manifestly do not respond to power (tacitly, power absorbed at the input), but rather to input voltage. The input is specified in dBV (decibels with respect to 1 V rms) throughout this data sheet. This is more precise, although still incomplete, because the signal waveform is also involved. Many users specify RF signals in terms of power (usually in dBm/50 Ω), and this convention is used in this data sheet when specifying the performance of the AD8310. PROGRESSIVE COMPRESSION High speed, high dynamic-range log amps use a cascade of nonlinear amplifier cells to generate the logarithmic function as a series of contiguous segments, a type of piecewise linear technique. The AD8310 employs six cells in its main signal path, each having a small-signal gain of 14.3 dB (×5.2) and a −3 dB bandwidth of about 900 MHz. The overall gain is about 20,000 (86 dB), and the overall bandwidth of the chain is approximately 500 MHz, resulting in a gain-bandwidth product (GBW) of 10,000 GHz, about a million times that of a typical op amp. This very high GBW is essential to accurate operation under small-signal conditions and at high frequencies. The AD8310 exhibits a logarithmic response down to inputs as small as 40 μV at 440 MHz. Progressive compression log amps either provide a baseband video response or accept an RF input and demodulate this signal to develop an output that is essentially the envelope of the input represented on a logarithmic or decibel scale. The AD8310 is the latter kind. Demodulation is performed in a total of nine detector cells. Six are associated with the amplifier stages, and three are passive detectors that receive a progres-sively attenuated fraction of the full input. The maximum signal frequency can be 440 MHz, but, because all the gain stages are dc-coupled, operation at very low frequencies is possible. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 10 of 24 SLOPE AND INTERCEPT CALIBRATION All monolithic log amps from Analog Devices use precision design techniques to control the logarithmic slope and intercept. The primary source of this calibration is a pair of accurate voltage references that provide supply- and temperature-independent scaling. The slope is set to 24 mV/dB by the bias chosen for the detector cells and the subsequent gain of the postdetector output interface. With this slope, the full 95 dB dynamic range can be easily accommodated within the output swing capacity, when operating from a 2.7 V supply. Intercept positioning at −108 dBV (−95 dBm re 50 Ω) has likewise been chosen to provide an output centered in the available voltage range. Precise control of the slope and intercept results in a log amp with stable scaling parameters, making it a true measurement device as, for example, a calibrated received signal strength indicator (RSSI). In this application, the input waveform is invariably sinusoidal. The input level is correctly specified in dBV. It can alternatively be stated as an equivalent power, in dBm, but in this case, it is necessary to specify the impedance in which this power is presumed to be measured. In RF practice, it is common to assume a reference impedance of 50 Ω, in which 0 dBm (1 mW) corresponds to a sinusoidal amplitude of 316.2 mV (223.6 mV rms). However, the power metric is correct only when the input impedance is lowered to 50 Ω, either by a termination resistor added across INHI and INLO, or by the use of a narrow-band matching network. Note that log amps do not inherently respond to power, but to the voltage applied to their input. The AD8310 presents a nominal input impedance much higher than 50 Ω (typically 1 kΩ at low frequencies). A simple input matching network can considerably improve the power sensitivity of this type of log amp. This increases the voltage applied to the input and, therefore, alters the intercept. For a 50 Ω reactive match, the voltage gain is about 4.8, and the whole dynamic range moves down by 13.6 dB. The effective intercept is a function of wave-form. For example, a square-wave input reads 6 dB higher than a sine wave of the same amplitude, and a Gaussian noise input reads 0.5 dB higher than a sine wave of the same rms value. OFFSET CONTROL In a monolithic log amp, direct coupling is used between the stages for several reasons. First, it avoids the need for coupling capacitors, which typically have a chip area at least as large as that of a basic gain cell, considerably increasing die size. Second, the capacitor values predetermine the lowest frequency at which the log amp can operate. For moderate values, this can be as high as 30 MHz, limiting the application range. Third, the parasitic back-plate capacitance lowers the bandwidth of the cell, further limiting the scope of applications. However, the very high dc gain of a direct-coupled amplifier raises a practical issue. An offset voltage in the early stages of the chain is indistinguishable from a real signal. If it were as high as 400 μV, it would be 18 dB larger than the smallest ac signal (50 μV), potentially reducing the dynamic range by this amount. This problem can be averted by using a global feedback path from the last stage to the first, which corrects this offset in a similar fashion to the dc negative feedback applied around an op amp. The high frequency components of the feedback signal must, of course, be removed to prevent a reduction of the HF gain in the forward path. An on-chip filter capacitor of 33 pF provides sufficient suppres-sion of HF feedback to allow operation above 1 MHz. The −3 dB point in the high-pass response is at 2 MHz, but the usable range extends well below this frequency. To further lower the frequency range, an external capacitor can be added at OFLT (Pin 3). For example, 300 pF lowers it by a factor of 10. Operation at low audio frequencies requires a capacitor of about 1 μF. Note that this filter has no effect for input levels well above the offset voltage, where the frequency range would extend down to dc (for a signal applied directly to the input pins). The dc offset can optionally be nulled by adjusting the voltage on the OFLT pin (see the Applications Information section). AD8310 Rev. F | Page 11 of 24 PRODUCT OVERVIEW The AD8310 has six main amplifier/limiter stages. These six cells and their and associated gm styled full-wave detectors handle the lower two-thirds of the dynamic range. Three top-end detectors, placed at 14.3 dB taps on a passive attenuator, handle the upper third of the 95 dB range. The first amplifier stage provides a low noise spectral density (1.28 nV/√Hz). Biasing for these cells is provided by two references: one determines their gain, and the other is a band gap circuit that determines the logarithmic slope and stabilizes it against supply and temperature variations. The AD8310 can be enabled or disabled by a CMOS-compatible level at ENBL (Pin 7). The differential current-mode outputs of the nine detectors are summed and then converted to single-sided form, nominally scaled 2 μA/dB. The output voltage is developed by applying this current to a 3 kΩ load resistor followed by a high speed gain-of-four buffer amplifier, resulting in a logarithmic slope of 24 mV/dB (480 mV/decade) at VOUT (Pin 4). The unbuffered voltage can be accessed at BFIN (Pin 6), allowing certain functional modifications such as the addition of an external postdemodulation filter capacitor and the alteration or adjustment of slope and intercept. +–VPOSINHIINLOCOMM38mA1.0kΩBAND GAP REFERENCEAND BIASINGSIX 14.3dB 900MHzAMPLIFIER STAGESNINE DETECTOR CELLSSPACED 14.3dBINPUT-OFFSETCOMPENSATION LOOP22μA/dBMIRROR3kΩ3kΩ1kΩCOMMCOMMENBLBFINVOUTOFLTENABLEBUFFERINPUTOUTPUTOFFSETFILTERAD8310SUPPLY+INPUT–INPUTCOMMON Figure 22. Main Features of the AD8310 The last gain stage also includes an offset-sensing cell. This generates a bipolarity output current, if the main signal path exhibits an imbalance due to accumulated dc offsets. This current is integrated by an on-chip capacitor that can be increased in value by an off-chip component at OFLT (Pin 3). The resulting voltage is used to null the offset at the output of the first stage. Because it does not involve the signal input connections, whose ac-coupling capacitors otherwise introduce a second pole into the feedback path, the stability of the offset correction loop is assured. The AD8310 is built on an advanced, dielectrically isolated, complementary bipolar process. In the following interface diagrams shown in Figure 23 to Figure 26, resistors labeled as R are thin-film resistors that have a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and high linearity under large-signal conditions. Their absolute tolerance is typically within ±20%. Similarly, capacitors labeled as C have a typical tolerance of ±15% and essentially zero temperature or voltage sensitivity. Most interfaces have additional small junction capacitances associated with them, due to active devices or ESD protection, which might not be accurate or stable. Component numbering in these interface diagrams is local. ENABLE INTERFACE The chip-enable interface is shown in Figure 23. The currents in the diode-connected transistors control the turn-on and turn-off states of the band gap reference and the bias generator. They are a maximum of 100 μA when ENBL is taken to 5 V under worst-case conditions. For voltages below 1 V, the AD8310 is disabled and consumes a sleep current of less than 1 μA. When tied to the supply or a voltage above 2 V, it is fully enabled. The internal bias circuitry is very fast (typically <100 ns for either off or on). In practice, however, the latency period before the log amp exhibits its full dynamic range is more likely to be limited by factors relating to the use of ac coupling at the input or the settling of the offset-control loop (see the following sections). Figure 23. Enable Interface INPUT INTERFACE Figure 24 shows the essentials of the input interface. CP and CM are parasitic capacitances, and CD is the differential input capacitance, largely due to Q1 and Q2. In most applications, both input pins are ac-coupled. The S switches close when enable is asserted. When disabled, bias current IE is shut off and the inputs float; therefore, the coupling capacitors remain charged. If the log amp is disabled for long periods, small leakage currents discharge these capacitors. Then, if they are poorly matched, charging currents at power-up can generate a transient input voltage that can block the lower reaches of the dynamic range until it becomes much less than the signal. A single-sided signal can be applied via a blocking capacitor to either Pin 1 or Pin 8, with the other pin ac-coupled to ground. Under these conditions, the largest input signal that can be handled is 0 dBV (a sine amplitude of 1.4 V) when using a 3 V supply; a 5 dBV input (2.5 V amplitude) can be handled with a 5 V supply. When using a fully balanced drive, this maximum input level is permissible for supply voltages as low as 2.7 V. Above 10 MHz, this is easily achieved using an LC matching network. Such a network, having an inductor at the input, usefully eliminates the input transient noted above. AD8310 TOP-ENDDETECTORSCOMINHIINLOCPCDCMCOM4kΩ~3kΩ125Ω6kΩ6kΩ2kΩTYP 2.2V FOR3V SUPPLY,3.2V AT 5VSVPOSIE2.4mAQ1Q2 581 Figure 24. Signal Input Interface Occasionally, it might be desirable to use the dc-coupled potential of the AD8310 in baseband applications. The main challenge here is to present the signal at the elevated common-mode input level, which might require the use of low noise, low offset buffer amplifiers. In some cases, it might be possible to use dual supplies of ±3 V, which allow the input pins to operate at ground potential. The output, which is internally referenced to the COMM pin (now at −3 V), can be positioned back to ground level, with essentially no sensitivity to the particular value of the negative supply. OFFSET INTERFACE The input-referred dc offsets in the signal path are nulled via the interface associated with Pin 3, shown in Figure 25. Q1 and Q2 are the first-stage input transistors, having slightly unbalanced load resistors, resulting in a deliberate offset voltage of about 1.5 mV referred to the input pins. Q3 generates a small current to null this error, dependent on the voltage at the OFLT pin. When Q1 and Q2 are perfectly matched, this voltage is about 1.75 V. In practice, it can range from approximately 1 V to 2.5 V for an input-referred offset of ±1.5 mV. Figure 25. Offset Interface and Offset-Nulling Path In normal operation using an ac-coupled input signal, the OFLT pin should be left unconnected. The gm cell, which is gated off when the chip is disabled, converts a residual offset (sensed at a point near the end of the cascade of amplifiers) to a current. This is integrated by the on-chip capacitor, CHP, plus any added external capacitance, COFLT, to generate the voltage that is applied back to the input stage in the polarity needed to null the output offset. From a small-signal perspective, this feedback alters the response of the amplifier, which exhibits a zero in its ac transfer function, resulting in a closed-loop, high-pass −3 dB corner at about 2 MHz. An external capacitor lowers the high-pass corner to arbitrarily low frequencies; using 1 μF, the 3 dB corner is at 60 Hz. OUTPUT INTERFACE The nine detectors generate differential currents, having an average value that is dependent on the signal input level, plus a fluctuation at twice the input frequency. These are summed at nodes LGP and LGN in Figure 26. Further currents are added at these nodes to position the intercept by slightly raising the output for zero input and to provide temperature compensation. 0.2pF3kΩ VOUT4 Figure 26. Simplified Output Interface AD8310 Rev. F | Page 13 of 24 For zero-signal conditions, all the detector output currents are equal. For a finite input of either polarity, their difference is converted by the output interface to a single-sided unipolar current, nominally scaled 2 μA/dB (40 μA/decade), at the output pin BFIN. An on-chip resistor of ~3 kΩ, R1, converts this current to a voltage of 6 mV/dB. This is then amplified by a factor of 4 in the output buffer, which can drive a current of up to 25 mA in a grounded load resistor. The overall rise time of the AD8310 is less than 15 ns. There is also a delay time of about 6 ns when the log amp is driven by an RF burst, starting at zero amplitude. When driving capacitive loads, it is desirable to add a low value of load resistor to speed up the return to the baseline; the buffer is stable for loads of a least 100 pF. The output bandwidth can be lowered by adding a grounded capacitor at BFIN. The time-constant of the resulting single-pole filter is formed with the 3 kΩ internal load resistor (with a tolerance of 20%). Therefore, to set the −3 dB frequency to 20 kHz, use a capacitor of 2.7 nF. Using 2.7 μF, the filter corner is at 20 Hz. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 14 of 24 USING THE AD8310 The AD8310 has very high gain and bandwidth. Consequently, it is susceptible to all signals that appear at the input terminals within a very broad frequency range. Without the benefit of filtering, these are indistinguishable from the desired signal and have the effect of raising the apparent noise floor (that is, lowering the useful dynamic range). For example, while the signal of interest has an IF of 50 MHz, any of the following can easily be larger than the IF signal at the lower extremities of its dynamic range: a few hundred mV of 60 Hz hum picked up due to poor grounding techniques, spurious coupling from a digital clock source on the same PC board, local radio stations, and so on. Careful shielding and supply decoupling is, therefore, essential. A ground plane should be used to provide a low impedance connection to the common pin COMM, for the decoupling capacitor(s) used at VPOS, and for the output ground. BASIC CONNECTIONS Figure 27 shows the connections needed for most applications. A supply voltage between 2.7 V and 5.5 V is applied to VPOS and is decoupled using a 0.01 μF capacitor close to the pin. Optionally, a small series resistor can be placed in the power line to give additional filtering of power-supply noise. The ENBL input, which has a threshold of approximately 1.3 V (see Figure 15), should be tied to VPOS when this feature is not needed. VS(2.7V–5.5V)C20.01μF52.3Ω C10.01μFC40.01μFNCNCINHIENBLBFINVPOSINLOCOMMOFLTVOUTAD83104.7ΩOPTIONALVOUT (RSSI)SIGNALINPUT87651234 Figure 27. Basic Connections While the AD8310’s input can be driven differentially, the input signal is, in general, single-ended. C1 is tied to ground, and the input signal is coupled in through C2. Capacitor C1 and Capacitor C2 should have the same value to minimize start-up transients when the enable feature is used; otherwise, their values need not be equal. The 52.3 Ω resistor combines with the 1.1 kΩ input impedance of the AD8310 to yield a simple broadband 50 Ω input match. An input matching network can also be used (see the Input Matching section). The coupling time constant, 50 × CC/2, forms a high-pass corner with a 3 dB attenuation at fHP = 1/(π × 50 × CC), where C1 = C2 = CC. In high frequency applications, fHP should be as large as possible to minimize the coupling of unwanted low frequency signals. In low frequency applications, a simple RC network forming a low-pass filter should be added at the input for similar reasons. This should generally be placed at the generator side of the coupling capacitors, thereby lowering the required capacitance value for a given high-pass corner frequency. For applications in which the ground plane might not be an equi-potential (possibly due to noise in the ground plane), the low input of an unbalanced source should generally be ac-coupled through a separate connection of the low associated with the source. Furthermore, it is good practice in such situations to break the ground loop by inserting a small resistance to ground in the low side of the input connector (see Figure 28). Figure 28. Connections for Isolation of Source Ground from Device Ground Figure 29 shows the output vs. the input level for sine inputs at 10 MHz, 50 MHz, and 100 MHz. Figure 30 shows the logarith-mic conformance under the same conditions. Figure 29. Output vs. Input Level at 10 MHz, 50 MHz, and 100 MHz AD8310 Rev. F | Page 15 of 24 5ERROR ( dB)4–1–2–3–4203110MHz50MHz ±3dB DYNAMIC RANGE±1dB DYNAMIC RANGE Figure 30. Log Conformance Error vs. Input Level at 10 MHz, 50 MHz, and 100 MHz TRANSFER FUNCTION IN TERMS OF SLOPE AND INTERCEPT The transfer function of the AD8310 is characterized in terms of its slope and intercept. The logarithmic slope is defined as the change in the RSSI output voltage for a 1 dB change at the input. For the AD8310, slope is nominally 24 mV/dB. Therefore, a 10 dB change at the input results in a change at the output of approximately 240 mV. The plot of log conformance shows the range over which the device maintains its constant slope. The dynamic range of the log amp is defined as the range over which the slope remains within a certain error band, usually ±1 dB or ±3 dB. In Figure 30, for example, the ±1 dB dynamic range is approximately 95 dB (from +4 dBV to −91 dBV). The intercept is the point at which the extrapolated linear response would intersect the horizontal axis (see Figure 29). For the AD8310, the intercept is calibrated to be −108 dBV (−95 dBm). Using the slope and intercept, the output voltage can be calculated for any input level within the specified input range using the following equation: VOUT = VSLOPE × (PIN − PO) (3) where: VOUT is the demodulated and filtered RSSI output. VSLOPE is the logarithmic slope expressed in V/dB. PIN is the input signal expressed in dB relative to some reference level (either dBm or dBV in this case). PO is the logarithmic intercept expressed in dB relative to the same reference level. For example, for an input level of −33 dBV (−20 dBm), the output voltage is VOUT = 0.024 V/dB × (−33 dBV − (−108 dBV)) = 1.8 V (4) dBV vs. dBm The most widely used convention in RF systems is to specify power in dBm, decibels above 1 mW in 50 Ω. Specification of the log amp input level in terms of power is strictly a concession to popular convention. As mentioned previously, log amps do not respond to power (power absorbed at the input), but to the input voltage. The use of dBV, defined as decibels with respect to a 1 V rms sine wave, is more precise. However, this is still ambiguous, because waveform is also involved in the response of a log amp, which, for a complex input such as a CDMA signal, does not follow the rms value exactly. Because most users specify RF signals in terms of power (more specifically, in dBm/50 Ω) both dBV and dBm are used to specify the perform-ance of the AD8310, showing equivalent dBm levels for the special case of a 50 Ω environment. Values in dBV are converted to dBm re 50 Ω by adding 13 dB. Table 4. Correction for Signals with Differing Crest Factors Signal Type Correction Factor1 (dB) Sine wave 0 Square wave or dc −3.01 Triangular wave 0.9 GSM channel (all time slots on) 0.55 CDMA channel (forward link, nine channels on) 3.55 CDMA channel (reverse link) 0.5 PDC channel (all time slots on) 0.58 1 Add to the measured input level. INPUT MATCHING Where higher sensitivity is required, an input matching network is useful. Using a transformer to achieve the impedance trans-formation also eliminates the need for coupling capacitors, lowers the offset voltage generated directly at the input, and balances the drive amplitude to INLO and INHI. The choice of turns ratio depends somewhat on the frequency. At frequencies below 50 MHz, the reactance of the input capacitance is much higher than the real part of the input impedance. In this frequency range, a turns ratio of about 1:4.8 lowers the input impedance to 50 Ω, while raising the input voltage lowers the effect of the short-circuit noise voltage by the same factor. The intercept is also lowered by the turns ratio; for a 50 Ω match, it is reduced by 20 log10 (4.8) or 13.6 dB. The total noise is reduced by a somewhat smaller factor, because there is a small contribution from the input noise current. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 16 of 24 NARROW-BAND MATCHING Transformer coupling is useful in broadband applications. However, a magnetically coupled transformer might not be convenient in some situations. Table 5 lists narrow-band matching values. Table 5. Narrow-Band Matching Values fC (MHz) ZIN (Ω) C1 (pF) C2 (pF) LM (nH) Voltage Gain (dB) 10 45 160 150 3300 13.3 20 44 82 75 1600 13.4 50 46 30 27 680 13.4 100 50 15 13 270 13.4 150 57 10 8.2 220 13.2 200 57 7.5 6.8 150 12.8 250 50 6.2 5.6 100 12.3 500 54 3.9 3.3 39 10.9 10 103 100 91 5600 10.4 20 102 51 43 2700 10.4 50 99 22 18 1000 10.6 100 98 11 9.1 430 10.5 150 101 7.5 6.2 260 10.3 200 95 5.6 4.7 180 10.3 250 92 4.3 3.9 130 9.9 500 114 2.2 2.0 47 6.8 At high frequencies, it is often preferable to use a narrow-band matching network, as shown in Figure 31. This has several advan-tages. The same voltage gain is achieved, providing increased sensitivity, but a measure of selectivity is also introduced. The component count is low: two capacitors and an inexpensive chip inductor. Additionally, by making these capacitors unequal, the amplitudes at INP and INM can be equalized when driving from a single-sided source; that is, the network also serves as a balun. Figure 32 shows the response for a center frequency of 100 MHz; note the very high attenuation at low frequencies. The high fre-quency attenuation is due to the input capacitance of the log amp. C1 INHIAD8310SIGNALINPUTLM8 Figure 31. Reactive Matching Network Figure 32. Response of 100 MHz Matching Network GENERAL MATCHING PROCEDURE For other center frequencies and source impedances, the following steps can be used to calculate the basic matching parameters. Step 1: Tune Out CIN At a center frequency, fC, the shunt impedance of the input capacitance, CIN, can be made to disappear by resonating with a temporary inductor, LIN, whose value is given by (5) where CIN = 1.4 pF. For example, at fC = 100 MHz, LIN = 1.8 μH. Step 2: Calculate CO and LO Now, having a purely resistive input impedance, calculate the nominal coupling elements, CO and LO, using (6) For the AD8310, RIN is 1 kΩ. Therefore, if a match to 50 Ω is needed, at fC = 100 MHz, CO must be 7.12 pF and LO must be 356 nH. Step 3: Split CO into Two Parts To provide the desired fully balanced form of the network shown in Figure 31, two capacitors C1 and C2, each of nominally twice CO, can be used. This requires a value of 14.24 pF in this example. Under these conditions, the voltage amplitudes at INHI and INLO are similar. A somewhat better balance in the two drives can be achieved when C1 is made slightly larger than C2, which also allows a wider range of choices in selecting from standard values. For example, capacitors of C1 = 15 pF and C2 = 13 pF can be used, making CO = 6.96 pF. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 17 of 24 ( ) Step 4: Calculate LM The matching inductor required to provide both LIN and LO is the parallel combination of these. (7) With LIN = 1.8 μH and LO = 356 nH, the value of LM to complete this example of a match of 50 Ω at 100 MHz is 297.2 nH. The nearest standard value of 270 nH can be used with only a slight loss of matching accuracy. The voltage gain at resonance depends only on the ratio of impedances, as given by (8) SLOPE AND INTERCEPT ADJUSTMENTS Where system (that is, software) calibration is not available, the adjustments shown in Figure 33 can be used, either singly or in combination, to trim the absolute accuracy of the AD8310. The log slope can be raised or lowered by VR1; the values shown provide a calibration range of ±10% (22.6 mV/dB to 27.4 mV/dB), which includes full allowance for the variability in the value of the internal resistances. The adjustment can be made by alternately applying two fixed input levels, provided by an accurate signal generator, spaced over the central portion of the dynamic range, for example, −60 dBV and −20 dBV. Alternatively, an AM-modulated signal at about the center of the dynamic range can be used. For a modulation depth M, expressed as a fraction, the decibel range between the peaks and troughs over one cycle of the modulation period is given by (9) For example, using a generator output of −40 dBm with a 70% modulation depth (M = 0.7), the decibel range is 15 dB, because the signal varies from −47.5 dBm to −32.5 dBm. The log intercept is adjustable by VR2 over a −3 dB range with the component values shown. VR2 is adjusted while applying an accurately known CW signal, preferably near the lower end of the dynamic range, to minimize the effect of any residual uncertainty in the slope. For example, to position the intercept to −80 dBm, a test level of −65 dBm can be applied, and VR2 can be adjusted to produce a dc output of 15 dB above 0 at 24 mV/dB, which is 360 mV. 52.3 AD8310 Figure 33. Slope and Intercept Adjustments INCREASING THE SLOPE TO A FIXED VALUE It is also possible to increase the slope to a new fixed value and, therefore, to increase the change in output for each decibel of input change. A common example of this is the need to map the output swing of the AD8310 into the input range of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a rail-to-rail input swing. Alternatively, a situation might arise when only a part of the total dynamic range is required (for example, just 20 dB) in an application where the nominal input level is more tightly constrained, and a higher sensitivity to a change in this level is required. Of course, the maximum output is limited by either the load resistance and the maximum output current rating of 25 mA or by the supply voltage (see the Specifications section). The slope can easily be raised by adding a resistor from VOUT to BFIN, as shown in Figure 34. This alters the gain of the output buffer, by means of stable positive feedback, from its normal value of 4 to an effective value that can be as high as 16, corresponding to a slope of 100 mV/dB. INHI 8765 Figure 34. Raising the Slope to 100 mV/dB The resistor, RSLOPE, is set according to the equation SlopeRSLOPEmV/dB241− = (10) AD8310 Rev. F | Page 18 of 24 OUTPUT FILTERING LOWERING THE HIGH-PASS CORNER FREQUENCY OF THE OFFSET COMPENSATION LOOP For applications in which maximum video bandwidth and, consequently, fast rise time are desired, it is essential that the BFIN pin be left unconnected and free of any stray capacitance. In normal operation using an ac-coupled input signal, the OFLT pin should be left unconnected. Input-referred dc offsets of about 1.5 mV in the signal path are nulled via an internal offset control loop. This loop has a high-pass −3 dB corner at about 2 MHz. In low frequency ac-coupled applications, it is necessary to lower this corner frequency to prevent input signals from being misinterpreted as offsets. An external capacitor on OFLT lowers the high-pass corner to arbitrarily low frequencies (Figure 36). For example, by using a 1 μF capacitor, the 3 dB corner is reduced to 60 Hz. The nominal output video bandwidth of 25 MHz can be reduced by connecting a ground-referenced capacitor (CFILT) to the BFIN pin, as shown in Figure 35. This is generally done to reduce out-put ripple (at twice the input frequency for a symmetric input waveform such as sinusoidal signals). +42μA/dB3kΩVOUTBFIN AD8310 Figure 35. Lowering the Postdemodulation Video Bandwidth CFILT is selected using the following equation: Figure 36. Lowering the High-Pass Corner Frequency of the Offset Control Loop (11) The corner frequency is set by the following equation: The video bandwidth should typically be set at a frequency equal to about one-tenth the minimum input frequency. This ensures that the output ripple of the demodulated log output, which is at twice the input frequency, is well filtered. In many log amp applications, it might be necessary to lower the corner frequency of the postdemodulation filtering to achieve low output ripple while maintaining a rapid response time to changes in signal level. An example of a 4-pole active filter is shown in the AD8307 data sheet. (12) where COFLT is the capacitor connected to OFLT. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 19 of 24 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The AD8310 is highly versatile and easy to use. It needs only a few external components, most of which can be immediately accommodated using the simple connections shown in the Using the AD8310 section. A few examples of more specialized applications are provided in the following sections. See the AD8307 data sheet for more applications (note the slightly different pin configuration). CABLE-DRIVING For a supply voltage of 3 V or greater, the AD8310 can drive a grounded 100 Ω load to 2.5 V. If reverse-termination is required when driving a 50 Ω cable, it should be included in series with the output, as shown in Figure 37. The slope at the load is then 12 mV/dB. In some cases, it might be permissible to operate the cable without a termination at the far end, in which case the slope is not lowered. Where a further increase in slope is desirable, the scheme shown in Figure 34 can be used. AD8310VOUT50Ω50Ω Figure 37. Output Response of Cable-Driver Application DC-COUPLED INPUT It might occasionally be necessary to provide response to dc inputs. Because the AD8310 is internally dc-coupled, there is no reason why this cannot be done. However, its differential inputs must be positioned at least 2 V above the COM potential for proper biasing of the first stage. Usually, the source is a single-sided ground-referenced signal, so level-shifting and a single-ended-to-differential conversion must be provided to correctly drive the AD8310’s inputs. Figure 38 shows how a level-shift to midsupply (2.5 V in this example) and a single-ended-to-differential conversion can be accomplished using the AD8138 differential amplifier. The four 499 Ω resistors set up a gain of unity. An output common-mode (or bias) voltage of 2.5 is achieved by applying 2.5 V from a supply-referenced resistive divider to the VOCM pin of the AD8138. The differential outputs of the AD8138 directly drive the 1.1 kΩ input impedance of the AD8310. Figure 38. DC-Coupled Log Amp In this application the offset voltage of the AD8138 must be trimmed. The internal offset compensation circuitry of the AD8310 is disabled by applying a nominal voltage of ~1.9 V to the OFLT pin, so the trim on the AD8138 is effectively trimming the offsets of both devices. The trim is done by grounding the circuit’s input and slightly varying the gain resistors on the inverting input of the AD8138 (a 50 Ω potentiometer is used in this example) until the voltage on the AD8310’s output reaches a minimum. After trimming, the lower end of the dynamic range is limited by the broadband noise at the output of the AD8138, which is approximately 425 μV p-p. A differential low-pass filter can be added between the AD8138 and the AD8310 when the very fast pulse response of the circuit is not required. Figure 39. Transfer Function of DC-Coupled Log Amp Application AD8310 Rev. F | Page 20 of 24 EVALUATION BOARD An evaluation board is available that has been carefully laid out and tested to demonstrate the specified high speed performance of the AD8310. Figure 40 shows the schematic of the evaluation board, which follows the basic connections schematic shown in Figure 27. Connectors INHI, INLO, and VOUT are of the SMA type. Supply and ground are connected to the TP1 and TP2 vector pins. The layout and silkscreen for the component side of the board are shown in Figure 41 and Figure 42. Switches and component settings for different setups are described in Table 6. For ordering information, see the Ordering Guide. C20.01μFINHIENBLBFINVPOSINLOCOMMOFLTVOUTAD831012348765C40.01μFC10.01μFR352.3ΩSW1ABR40ΩR1INHIINLOTP2C7OPENW1W2R60Ω VOUTC5OPENC3OPENR50ΩTP1VPOSR2 Figure 40. Evaluation Board Schematic Figure 41. Layout of the Component Side of the Evaluation Board 01084-042 Figure 42. Component Side Silkscreen of the Evaluation Board AD8310 Rev. F | Page 21 of 24 Table 6. Evaluation Board Setup Options Component Function Default Condition TP1, TP2 Supply and Ground Vector Pins. Not applicable SW1 Device Enable. When in Position A, the ENBL pin is connected to +VS, and the AD8310 is in normal operating mode. When in Position B, the ENBL pin is connected to ground, putting the device into sleep mode. SW1 = A R1/R4 SMA Connector Grounds. Connects common of INHI and INLO SMA connectors to ground. They can be used to isolate the generator ground from the evaluation board ground. See Figure 28. R1 = R4 = 0 Ω C1, C2, R3 Input Interface. R3 (52.3 Ω) combines with the AD8310’s 1 kΩ input impedance to give an overall broadband input impedance of 50 Ω. C1, C2, and the AD8310’s input impedance combine to set a high-pass input corner of 32 kHz. Alternatively, R3, C1, and C2 can be replaced by an inductor and matching capacitors to form an input matching network. See the Input Matching section for details. R3 = 52.3 Ω, C1 = C2 = 0.01 μF C3 RSSI (Video) Bandwidth Adjust. The addition of C3 (farads) lowers the RSSI bandwidth of the AD8310’s output according to the following equation: CFILT = 1/(2π × 3 kΩ Video Bandwidth) − 2.1 pF C3 = open C4, C5, R5 Supply Decoupling. The normal supply decoupling of 0.01 μF (C4) can be augmented by a larger capacitor in C5. An inductor or small resistor can be placed in R5 for additional decoupling. C4 = 0.01 μF, C5 = open, R5 = 0 Ω R6 Output Source Impedance. In cable-driving applications, a resistor (typically 50 Ω or 75 Ω) can be placed in R6 to give the circuit a back-terminated output impedance. R6 = 0 Ω W1, W2, C6, R7 Output Loading. Resistors and capacitors can be placed in C6 and R7 to load-test VOUT. Jumper W1 and Jumper W2 are used to connect or disconnect the loads. C6 = R7 = open, W1 = W2 = installed C7 Offset Compensation Loop. A capacitor in C7 reduces the corner frequency of the offset control loop in low frequency applications. C7 = open AD8310 DIE INFORMATION Figure 43. Die Outline Dimensions Table 7. Die Pad Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 INLO One of Two Balanced Inputs. Biased roughly to VPOS/2. 2 COMM Common Pin. Usually grounded. 3 OFLT Offset Filter Access. Nominally at about 1.75 V. 4 VOUT Low Impedance Output Voltage. Carries a 25 mA maximum load. 5A, 5B VPOS Positive Supply. 2.7 V to 5.5 V at 8 mA quiescent current. 6 BFIN Buffer Input. Used to lower postdetection bandwidth. 7 ENBL CMOS Compatible Chip Enable. Active when high. 8 INHI Second of Two Balanced Inputs. Biased roughly to VPOS/2. AD8310 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Figure 44. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option Branding AD8310ARM −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, Tube RM-8 J6A AD8310ARM-REEL7 −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, 7” Tape and Reel RM-8 J6A AD8310ARMZ −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, Tube RM-8 J6A AD8310ARMZ-REEL7 −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP, 7” Tape and Reel RM-8 J6A AD8310ACHIPS −40°C to +85°C Die AD8310-EVAL Evaluation Board 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. AD8310 Rev. F | Page 24 of 24 NOTES © 2005–2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D01084–0–6/10(F) 3 2 1 20 19 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 18 17 16 15 14 Q NC G Q NC F Q Q NC E A Q NC B QC B A NC CLK CLR V Q D GND NC CC H Q NC − No internal connection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 A B Q Q Q Q GND A B C D VCC Q Q Q Q CLR H G F E CLK SN54HC164, SN74HC164 www.ti.com SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 8-Bit Parallel-Out Serial Shift Registers Check for Samples: SN54HC164, SN74HC164 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION • Wide Operating Voltage Range of 2 V to 6 V These 8-bit shift registers feature AND-gated serial • Outputs Can Drive Up To 10 LSTTL Loads inputs and an asynchronous clear (CLR) input. The gated serial (A and B) inputs permit complete control • Low Power Consumption, 80-μA Max ICC over incoming data; a low at either input inhibits entry • Typical tpd= 20 ns of the new data and resets the first flip-flop to the low • ±4-mA Output Drive at 5 V level at the next clock (CLK) pulse. A high-level input enables the other input, which then determines the • Low Input Current of 1-μA Max state of the first flip-flop. Data at the serial inputs can • AND-Gated (Enable/Disable) Serial Inputs be changed while CLK is high or low, provided the • Fully Buffered Clock and Serial Inputs minimum setup time requirements are met. Clocking occurs on the low-to-high-level transition of CLK. • Direct Clear SN54HC164...J OR W PACKAGE SN74HC164...D, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) SN54HC164...FK PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) FUNCTION TABLE(1)(2) INPUTS OUTPUTS CLR CLK A B QA QB . . . QH L X X X L L L H L X X QA0 QB0 QH0 H ↑ H H H QAn QGn H ↑ L X L QAn QGn H ↑ X L L QAn QGn (1) QA0, QB0, QH0 = the level of QA, QB, or QH, respectively, before the indicated steady-state input conditions were established. (2) QAn, QGn = the level of QA or QG before the most recent ↑ transition of CLK: indicates a 1-bit shift. 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. CLK A B CLR QA QB QC QD QE QF QG QH Clear Clear Serial Inputs Outputs 9 A B CLR CLK Pin numbers shown are for the D, J, N, NS, PW, and W packages. C1 1D R 3 QA C1 1D R 4 QB C1 1D R 5 QC C1 1D R 6 QD C1 1D R 10 QE C1 1D R 11 QF C1 1D R 12 QG C1 1D R 13 QH 2 1 8 SN54HC164, SN74HC164 SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 www.ti.com LOGIC DIAGRAM (POSITIVE LOGIC) TYPICAL CLEAR, SHIFT, AND CLEAR SEQUENCE 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SN54HC164 SN74HC164 SN54HC164, SN74HC164 www.ti.com SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1) MIN MAX UNITS VCC Supply voltage range −0.5 7 V IIK Input clamp current VI < 0 or VI > VCC (2) ±20 mA IOK Output clamp current VO < 0 or VO > VCC (2) ±20 mA IO Continuous output current VO = 0 to VCC ±25 mA Continuous current through VCC or GND ±50 mA D package 86 N package 80 θJA (3) Package thermal impedance °C/W NS package 76 PW package 113 Tstg Storage temperature range –65 150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (2) The input and output voltage ratings may be exceeded if the input and output current ratings are observed. (3) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS(1) SN54HC164 SN74HC164 UNIT MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX VCC Supply voltage 2 5 6 2 5 6 V VCC = 2 V 1.5 1.5 VIH High-level input voltage VCC = 4.5 V 3.15 3.15 V VCC = 6 V 4.2 4.2 VCC = 2 V 0.5 0.5 VIL Low-level input voltage VCC = 4.5 V 1.35 1.35 V VCC = 6 V 1.8 1.8 VI Input voltage 0 VCC 0 VCC V VO Output voltage 0 VCC 0 VCC V VCC = 2 V 1000 1000 Δt/Δv(2) Input transition rise/fall time VCC = 4.5 V 500 500 ns VCC = 6 V 400 400 TA Operating free-air temperature −55 125 −40 125 °C (1) All unused inputs of the device must be held at VCC or GND to ensure proper device operation. Refer to the TI application report, Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature number SCBA004. (2) If this device is used in the threshold region (from VIL max = 0.5 V to VIH min = 1.5 V), there is a potential to go into the wrong state from induced grounding, causing double clocking. Operating with the inputs at tt = 1000 ns and VCC = 2 V does not damage the device; however, functionally, the CLK inputs are not ensured while in the shift, count, or toggle operating modes. Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3 Product Folder Links: SN54HC164 SN74HC164 SN54HC164, SN74HC164 SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) SN54HC164 SN74HC164 Recommended TA = 25°C –55°C to 125°C –55°C to 85°C SN74HC164 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC –55°C to 125°C UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX 2 V 1.9 1.998 1.9 1.9 1.9 IOH = −20 μA 4.5 V 4.4 4.499 4.4 4.4 4.4 VOH VI = VIH or VIL 6 V 5.9 5.999 5.9 5.9 5.9 V IOH = −4 mA 4.5 V 3.98 4.3 3.7 3.84 3.7 IOH = −5.2 mA 6 V 5.48 5.8 5.2 5.34 5.2 2 V 0.002 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 IOL = 20 μA 4.5 V 0.001 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 VOL VI = VIH or VIL 6 V 0.001 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 V IOL = 4 mA 4.5 V 0.17 0.26 0.4 0.33 0.4 IOL = 5.2 mA 6 V 0.15 0.26 0.4 0.33 0.4 II VI = VCC or 0 6 V ±0.1 ±100 ±1000 ±1000 ±1000 nA ICC VI = VCC or 0 IO = 0 6 V 8 160 80 160 μA Ci 2 V to 6 V 3 10 10 10 10 pF TIMING REQUIREMENTS over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) SN54HC164 SN74HC164 Recommended TA = 25°C –55°C to 125°C –55°C to 85°C SN74HC164 PARAMETER VCC –55°C to 125°C UNIT MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX 2 V 6 4.2 5 4.2 fclock Clock frequency 4.5 V 31 21 25 21 MHz 6 V 36 25 28 25 2 V 100 150 125 125 CLR low 4.5 V 20 30 25 25 Pulse 6 V 17 25 21 21 tw duration ns 2 V 80 120 100 120 CLK high or low 4.5 V 16 24 20 24 6 V 14 20 18 20 2 V 100 150 125 125 Data 4.5 V 20 30 25 25 Setup time 6 V 17 25 21 25 tsu before CLK↑ ns 2 V 100 150 125 125 CLR inactive 4.5 V 20 30 25 25 6 V 17 25 21 25 2 V 5 5 5 5 th Hold time, data after CLK↑ 4.5 V 5 5 5 5 ns 6 V 5 5 5 5 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SN54HC164 SN74HC164 SN54HC164, SN74HC164 www.ti.com SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over recommended operating free-air temperature range, CL = 50 pF (unless otherwise noted) (see Figure 1) SN54HC164 SN74HC164 Recommended PARAMETE FROM TO TA = 25°C SN74HC164 (OUTPUT VCC –55°C to 125°C –55°C to 85°C –55°C to 125°C UNIT R (INPUT) ) MIN TYP MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX 2 V 6 10 4.2 5 4..2 fmax 4.5 V 31 54 21 25 21 MHz 6 V 36 62 25 28 25 2 V 140 205 295 255 255 tPHL CLR Any Q 4.5 V 28 41 59 51 51 6 V 24 35 51 46 46 ns 2 V 115 175 265 220 220 tpd CLK Any Q 4.5 V 23 35 53 44 44 6 V 20 30 45 38 38 2 V 38 75 110 95 110 tt 4.5 V 8 15 22 19 22 ns 6 V 6 13 19 16 19 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TYP UNIT Cpd Power dissipation capacitance No load 135 pF Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 5 Product Folder Links: SN54HC164 SN74HC164 VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS SETUP AND HOLD AND INPUT RISE AND FALL TIMES VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PULSE DURATIONS tsu th 50% 50% 50% 10% 10% 90% 90% VCC VCC 0 V 0 V tr t Reference f Input Data Input 50% High-Level Pulse 50% VCC 0 V 50% 50% VCC 0 V t Low-Level w Pulse VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PROPAGATION DELAY AND OUTPUT TRANSITION TIMES 50% 50% 50% 10% 10% 90% 90% VCC VOH VOL 0 V tr t Input f In-Phase Output 50% tPLH tPHL 50% 50% 10% 10% 90% 90% VOH VOL tf tr tPHL tPLH Out-of-Phase Output NOTES: A. CL includes probe and test-fixture capacitance. B. Phase relationships between waveforms were chosen arbitrarily. All input pulses are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR ! 1 MHz, ZO = 50 !, tr = 6 ns, tf = 6 ns. C. For clock inputs, fmax is measured when the input duty cycle is 50%. D. The outputs are measured one at a time with one input transition per measurement. E. tPLH and tPHL are the same as tpd. Test Point From Output Under Test CL = 50 pF (see Note A) LOAD CIRCUIT SN54HC164, SN74HC164 SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 www.ti.com PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Figure 1. Load Circuit and Voltage Waveforms 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SN54HC164 SN74HC164 SN54HC164, SN74HC164 www.ti.com SCLS115F –DECEMBER 1982–REVISED OCTOBER 2013 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision E (November 2010) to Revision F Page • Updated document to new TI data sheet format - no specification changes. ...................................................................... 1 • Removed ordering information. ............................................................................................................................................ 1 • Updated operating temperature range. ................................................................................................................................. 3 Copyright © 1982–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 7 Product Folder Links: SN54HC164 SN74HC164 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples 5962-8416201VCA ACTIVE CDIP J 14 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 5962-8416201VC A SNV54HC164J 5962-8416201VDA ACTIVE CFP W 14 25 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 5962-8416201VD A SNV54HC164W 84162012A ACTIVE LCCC FK 20 1 TBD POST-PLATE N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 84162012A SNJ54HC 164FK 8416201CA ACTIVE CDIP J 14 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 8416201CA SNJ54HC164J SN54HC164J ACTIVE CDIP J 14 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 SN54HC164J SN74HC164D ACTIVE SOIC D 14 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164DE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 14 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 14 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164DR ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU | CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164DRG3 ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164DT ACTIVE SOIC D 14 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164N ACTIVE PDIP N 14 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU | CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 125 SN74HC164N SN74HC164N3 OBSOLETE PDIP N 14 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 SN74HC164NE3 PREVIEW PDIP N 14 25 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 SN74HC164N SN74HC164NE4 ACTIVE PDIP N 14 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 125 SN74HC164N PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 2 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples SN74HC164NSR ACTIVE SO NS 14 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PWT ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SN74HC164PWTG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 HC164 SNJ54HC164FK ACTIVE LCCC FK 20 1 TBD POST-PLATE N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 84162012A SNJ54HC 164FK SNJ54HC164J ACTIVE CDIP J 14 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 8416201CA SNJ54HC164J SNJ54HC164W ACTIVE CFP W 14 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 8416201DA SNJ54HC164W (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 3 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. 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OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF SN54HC164, SN54HC164-SP, SN74HC164 : • Catalog: SN74HC164, SN54HC164 • Military: SN54HC164 • Space: SN54HC164-SP NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: • Catalog - TI's standard catalog product • Military - QML certified for Military and Defense Applications • Space - Radiation tolerant, ceramic packaging and qualified for use in Space-based application TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant SN74HC164DR SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.0 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164DR SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.0 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164DR SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.8 6.5 9.5 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164DRG3 SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.8 6.5 9.5 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164DRG4 SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.0 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164DRG4 SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.0 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164DT SOIC D 14 250 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.0 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164NSR SO NS 14 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 10.5 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 SN74HC164PWR TSSOP PW 14 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 SN74HC164PWT TSSOP PW 14 250 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 7-Apr-2014 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) SN74HC164DR SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 38.0 SN74HC164DR SOIC D 14 2500 333.2 345.9 28.6 SN74HC164DR SOIC D 14 2500 364.0 364.0 27.0 SN74HC164DRG3 SOIC D 14 2500 364.0 364.0 27.0 SN74HC164DRG4 SOIC D 14 2500 333.2 345.9 28.6 SN74HC164DRG4 SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 38.0 SN74HC164DT SOIC D 14 250 367.0 367.0 38.0 SN74HC164NSR SO NS 14 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 SN74HC164PWR TSSOP PW 14 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 SN74HC164PWT TSSOP PW 14 250 367.0 367.0 35.0 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 7-Apr-2014 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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D Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.326.8703 © 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. FEATURES Wide bandwidth: 0.1 GHz to 2.5 GHz min High dynamic range: 70 dB to ±3.0 dB High accuracy: ±1.0 dB over 65 dB range (@ 1.9 GHz) Fast response: 40 ns full-scale typical Controller mode with error output Scaling stable over supply and temperature Wide supply range: 2.7 V to 5.5 V Low power: 40 mW at 3 V Power-down feature: 60 mW at 3 V Complete and easy to use APPLICATIONS RF transmitter power amplifier setpoint control and level monitoring Logarithmic amplifier for RSSI measurement cellular base stations, radio link, radar FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM +++++AD8313VOUTVSETCOMMPWDNGAINBIASBAND GAPREFERENCESLOPECONTROLINTERCEPTCONTROLEIGHT 8dB 3.5GHz AMPLIFIER STAGES8dB8dBVPOSINHIINLOVPOS8dB8dBNINE DETECTOR CELLSCINTLPI→VV→I1876523401085-C-001 Figure 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8313 is a complete multistage demodulating logarithmic amplifier that can accurately convert an RF signal at its differ-ential input to an equivalent decibel-scaled value at its dc output. The AD8313 maintains a high degree of log conformance for signal frequencies from 0.1 GHz to 2.5 GHz and is useful over the range of 10 MHz to 3.5 GHz. The nominal input dynamic range is –65 dBm to 0 dBm (re: 50 Ω), and the sensitivity can be increased by 6 dB or more with a narrow-band input impedance matching network or a balun. Application is straightforward, requiring only a single supply of 2.7 V to 5.5 V and the addition of a suitable input and supply decoupling. Operating on a 3 V supply, its 13.7 mA consumption (for TA = 25°C) is only 41 mW. A power-down feature is provided; the input is taken high to initiate a low current (20 μA) sleep mode, with a threshold at half the supply voltage. The AD8313 uses a cascade of eight amplifier/limiter cells, each having a nominal gain of 8 dB and a −3 dB bandwidth of 3.5 GHz. This produces a total midband gain of 64 dB. At each amplifier output, a detector (rectifier) cell is used to convert the RF signal to baseband form; a ninth detector cell is placed directly at the input of the AD8313. The current-mode outputs of these cells are summed to generate a piecewise linear approxi-mation to the logarithmic function. They are converted to a low impedance voltage-mode output by a transresistance stage, which also acts as a low-pass filter. When used as a log amplifier, scaling is determined by a separate feedback interface (a transconductance stage) that sets the slope to approximately 18 mV/dB; used as a controller, this stage accepts the setpoint input. The logarithmic intercept is positioned to nearly −100 dBm, and the output runs from about 0.45 V dc at −73 dBm input to 1.75 V dc at 0 dBm input. The scale and intercept are supply- and temperature-stable. The AD8313 is fabricated on Analog Devices’ advanced 25 GHz silicon bipolar IC process and is available in an 8-lead MSOP package. The operating temperature range is −40°C to +85°C. An evaluation board is available. INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–80OUTPUT VOLTAGE ( V DC)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–70–60–50–40–30–20–100FREQUENCY = 1.9GHz543210–1–2–3–4–5OUTPUT ERROR ( dB)01085-C-002 Figure 2. Typical Logarithmic Response and Error vs. Input Amplitude AD8313 Rev. D | Page 2 of 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS Specifications.....................................................................................3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................6 ESD Caution..................................................................................6 Pin Configurations and Function Description.............................7 Typical Performance Characteristics.............................................8 Circuit Description.........................................................................11 Interfaces..........................................................................................13 Power-Down Interface, PWDN................................................13 Signal Inputs, INHI, INLO........................................................13 Logarithmic/Error Output, VOUT..........................................13 Setpoint Interface, VSET............................................................14 Applications.....................................................................................15 Basic Connections for Log (RSSI) Mode.................................15 Operating in Controller Mode.................................................15 Input Coupling...........................................................................16 Narrow-Band LC Matching Example at 100 MHz................16 Adjusting the Log Slope.............................................................18 Increasing Output Current........................................................19 Effect of Waveform Type on Intercept.....................................19 Evaluation Board............................................................................20 Schematic and Layout................................................................20 General Operation.....................................................................20 Using the AD8009 Operational Amplifier..............................20 Varying the Logarithmic Slope.................................................20 Operating in Controller Mode.................................................20 RF Burst Response.....................................................................20 Outline Dimensions.......................................................................24 Ordering Guide..........................................................................24 REVISION HISTORY 6/04—Data Sheet Changed from Rev. C to Rev. D Updated Evaluation Board Section..............................................21 2/03—Data Sheet changed from Rev. B to Rev. C TPCs and Figures Renumbered........................................Universal Edits to SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................2 Updated ESD CAUTION................................................................4 Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS..............................................7 8/99—Data Sheet changed from Rev. A to Rev. B 5/99—Data Sheet changed from Rev. 0 to Rev. A 8/98—Revision 0: Initial Version AD8313 Rev. D | Page 3 of 24 SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25°C, VS = 5 V1, RL 10 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter Conditions Min2 Typ Max2 Unit SIGNAL INPUT INTERFACE Specified Frequency Range 0.1 2.5 GHz DC Common-Mode Voltage VPOS – 0.75 V Input Bias Currents 10 μA Input Impedance fRF < 100 MHz3 900||1.1 Ω||pF4 LOG (RSSI) MODE Sinusoidal, input termination configuration shown in Figure 29 100 MHz5 Nominal conditions ±3 dB Dynamic Range6 53.5 65 dB Range Center −31.5 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 56 dB Slope 17 19 21 mV/dB Intercept −96 −88 −80 dBm 2.7 V ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V, −40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C ±3 dB Dynamic Range 51 64 dB Range Center −31 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 55 dB Slope 16 19 22 mV/dB Intercept −99 −89 −75 dBm Temperature Sensitivity PIN = −10 dBm −0.022 dB/°C 900 MHz5 Nominal conditions ±3 dB Dynamic Range 60 69 dB Range Center −32.5 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 62 dB Slope 15.5 18 20.5 mV/dB Intercept −105 −93 −81 dBm 2.7 V ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C ±3 dB Dynamic Range 55.5 68.5 dB Range Center –32.75 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 61 dB Slope 15 18 21 mV/dB Intercept –110 –95 –80 dBm Temperature Sensitivity PIN = –10 dBm –0.019 dB/°C 1.9 GHz7 Nominal conditions ±3 dB Dynamic Range 52 73 dB Range Center –36.5 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 62 dB Slope 15 17.5 20.5 mV/dB Intercept –115 –100 –85 dBm 2.7 V ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C ±3 dB Dynamic Range 50 73 dB Range Center –36.5 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 60 dB Slope 14 17.5 21.5 mV/dB Intercept –125 –101 –78 dBm Temperature Sensitivity PIN = –10 dBm –0.019 dB/°C AD8313 Rev. D | Page 4 of 24 Parameter Conditions Min2 Typ Max2 Unit 2.5 GHz7 Nominal conditions ±3 dB Dynamic Range 48 66 dB Range Center –34 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 46 dB Slope 16 20 25 mV/dB Intercept –111 –92 –72 dBm 2.7 V ≤ VS ≤ 5.5 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C ±3 dB Dynamic Range 47 68 dB Range Center –34.5 dBm ±1 dB Dynamic Range 46 dB Slope 14.5 20 25 mV/dB Intercept –128 –92 –56 dBm Temperature Sensitivity PIN =–10 dBm –0.040 dB/°C 3.5 GHz5 Nominal conditions ±3 dB Dynamic Range 43 dB ±1 dB Dynamic Range 35 dB Slope 24 mV/dB Intercept –65 dBm CONTROL MODE Controller Sensitivity f = 900 MHz 23 V/dB Low Frequency Gain VSET to VOUT8 84 dB Open-Loop Corner Frequency VSET to VOUT8 700 Hz Open-Loop Slew Rate f = 900 MHz 2.5 V/μs VSET Delay Time 150 ns VOUT INTERFACE Current Drive Capability Source Current 400 μA Sink Current 10 mA Minimum Output Voltage Open-loop 50 mV Maximum Output Voltage Open-loop VPOS – 0.1 V Output Noise Spectral Density PIN = –60 dBm, fSPOT = 100 Hz 2.0 μV/√Hz PIN = –60 dBm, fSPOT = 10 MHz 1.3 μV/√Hz Small Signal Response Time PIN = –60 dBm to –57 dBm, 10% to 90% 40 60 ns Large Signal Response Time PIN = No signal to 0 dBm; settled to 0.5 dB 110 160 ns VSET INTERFACE Input Voltage Range 0 VPOS V Input Impedance 18||1 kΩ||pF4 POWER-DOWN INTERFACE PWDN Threshold VPOS/2 V Power-Up Response Time Time delay following high to low transition until device meets full specifications. 1.8 μs PWDN Input Bias Current PWDN = 0 V 5 μA PWDN = VS <1 μA POWER SUPPLY Operating Range 2.7 5.5 V Powered-Up Current 13.7 15.5 mA 4.5 V ≤VS ≤ 5.5 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C 18.5 mA 2.7 V ≤VS ≤ 3.3 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C 18.5 mA Powered-Down Current 4.5 V ≤VS ≤ 5.5 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C 50 150 μA 2.7 V ≤VS ≤ 3.3 V, –40°C ≤ T ≤ +85°C 20 50 μA AD8313 Rev. D | Page 5 of 24 1 Except where otherwise noted; performance at VS = 3 V is equivalent to 5 V operation. 2 Minimum and maximum specified limits on parameters that are guaranteed but not tested are 6 sigma values. 3 Input impedance shown over frequency range in Figure 26. 4 Double vertical bars (||) denote “in parallel with.” 5 Linear regression calculation for error curve taken from –40 dBm to –10 dBm for all parameters. 6 Dynamic range refers to range over which the linearity error remains within the stated bound. 7 Linear regression calculation for error curve taken from –60 dBm to –5 dBm for 3 dB dynamic range. All other regressions taken from –40 dBm to –10 dBm. 8 AC response shown in Figure 12. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 6 of 24 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Supply Voltage VS 5.5 V VOUT, VSET, PWDN 0 V, VPOS Input Power Differential (re: 50 Ω, 5.5 V) 25 dBm Input Power Single-Ended (re: 50 Ω, 5.5 V) 19 dBm Internal Power Dissipation 200 mW θJA 200°C/W Maximum Junction Temperature 125°C Operating Temperature Range –40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range –65°C to +150°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 7 of 24 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTION VPOS1INHI2INLO3VPOS4VOUT8VSET7COMM6PWDN5AD8313TOP VIEW(Not to Scale)01085-C-003 Figure 3. Pin Configuration Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1, 4 VPOS Positive Supply Voltage (VPOS), 2.7 V to 5.5 V. 2 INHI Noninverting Input. This input should be ac-coupled. 3 INLO Inverting Input. This input should be ac-coupled. 5 PWDN Connect Pin to Ground for Normal Operating Mode. Connect this pin to the supply for power-down mode. 6 COMM Device Common. 7 VSET Setpoint Input for Operation in Controller Mode. To operate in RSSI mode, short VSET and VOUT. 8 VOUT Logarithmic/Error Output. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 8 of 24 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, VS = 5 V, RL input match shown in Figure 29, unless otherwise noted. INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–70VOUT ( V)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–60–50–40–30–20–100101.9GHz2.5GHz900MHz100MHz01085-C-004 Figure 4. VOUT vs. Input Amplitude INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)6–6–7010–60ERROR ( dB)–50–40–30–20–100420–2–4900MHz100MHz100MHz900MHz1.9GHz2.5GHz2.5GHz1.9GHz01085-C-005 Figure 5. Log Conformance vs. Input Amplitude INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–70VOUT ( V)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–60–50–40–30–20–10010543210–1–2–3–4–5ERROR ( dB)–40°C+25°C+85°CSLOPE AND INTERCEPT NORMALIZED AT +25°CAND APPLIED TO–40°C AND +85°C01085-C-006 Figure 6. VOUT and Log Conformance vs. Input Amplitude at 100 MHz for Multiple Temperatures INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–70VOUT ( V)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–60–50–40–30–20–10010543210–1–2–3–4–5ERROR ( dB)+25°C+85°C–40°CSLOPE AND INTERCEPT NORMALIZED AT +25°CAND APPLIED TO–40°C AND +85°C01-85-C-007 Figure 7. VOUT and Log Conformance vs. Input Amplitude at 900 MHz for Multiple Temperatures INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–70VOUT ( V)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–60–50–40–30–20–10010543210–1–2–3–4–5ERROR ( dB)–40°C+25°C+85°CSLOPE AND INTERCEPT NORMALIZED AT +25°CAND APPLIED TO–40°C AND +85°C01085-C-008 Figure 8. VOUT and Log Conformance vs. Input Amplitude at 1.9 GHz for Multiple Temperatures INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–70VOUT ( V)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–60–50–40–30–20–10010543210–1–2–3–4–5ERROR ( dB)–40°C+25°C+85°CSLOPE AND INTERCEPTNORMALIZED AT +25°C ANDAPPLIED TO–40°C AND +85°C01085-C-009 Figure 9. VOUT and Log Conformance vs. Input Amplitude at 2.5 GHz for Multiple Temperatures AD8313 Rev. D | Page 9 of 24 FREQUENCY (MHz)22211602500500SLOPE ( mV/dB)10001500200020191817–40°C+25°C+85°C01085-C-010 Figure 10. VOUT Slope vs. Frequency for Multiple Temperatures SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)242.5SLOPE ( mV/dB)232221201918171615143.03.54.04.55.05.56.01.9GHz2.5GHz900MHz100MHzSPECIFIED OPERATING RANGE01085-C-011 Figure 11. VOUT Slope vs. Supply Voltage FREQUENCY (Hz)VSET TO VOUT GAIN (dB)1001k10k100k1M REF LEVEL = 92dBSCALE: 10dB/DIV01085-C-012 Figure 12. AC Response from VSET to VOUTFREQUENCY (MHz)–11002500500INTERCEPT ( dBm)100015002000–70–80–90–100+85°C–40°C+25°C01085-C-013 Figure 13. VOUT Intercept vs. Frequency for Multiple Temperatures SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)–702.5INTERCEPT ( dBm)–75–80–85–90–95–100–105–1103.03.54.04.55.05.56.01.9GHz2.5GHz900MHz100MHzSPECIFIED OPERATING RANGE01085-C-014 Figure 14. VOUT Intercept vs. Supply Voltage FREQUENCY (Hz)100100.1μV/ Hz11k10k100k1M10M2GHz RF INPUTRF INPUT–70dBm–60dBm–55dBm–50dBm–45dBm–40dBm–35dBm–30dBm01085-C-015 Figure 15. VOUT Noise Spectral Density AD8313 Rev. D | Page 10 of 24 PWDN VOLTAGE (V)0100.00SUPPLY CURRENT ( mA)10.001.000.100.012134 5 40μAVPOS = +3VVPOS = +5V20μA13.7mA01085-C-016 Figure 16. Typical Supply Current vs. PWDN Voltage CH. 1 AND CH. 2: 1V/DIVCH. 3: 5V/DIVHORIZONTAL: 1μs/DIVVOUT @VS = +5.5VPWDNCH. 1 GNDCH. 2 GNDCH. 3 GNDVOUT @VS = +2.7V01085-C-017 Figure 17. PWDN Response Time CH. 1CH. 1 GNDCH. 2 GNDCH. 2CH. 1 AND CH. 2: 200mV/DIVAVERAGE: 50 SAMPLESVS = +5.5VVS = +2.7VHORIZONTAL: 50ns/DIVPULSED RF100MHz,–45dBm01085-C-019 Figure 18. Response Time, No Signal to –45 dBm CH.1&CH.2:500mV/DIVAVERAGE:50SAMPLESHORIZONTAL:50ns/DIVCH. 1 GNDCH. 2 GNDPULSED RF100MHz,0dBmCH.1CH.2VS = +5.5VVS = +2.7V01085-C-020 Figure 19. Response Time, No Signal to 0 dBm ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HP8648BSIGNALGENERATORHP8112APULSEGENERATOR0.1μF54.9Ω0.01μF0.01μF10Ω10Ω0.1μF+VS+VSTEKTDS784CSCOPE87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD8313TEK P6205FET PROBETRIG0603 SIZE SURFACEMOUNT COMPONENTS ONA LOW LEAKAGE PC BOARDEXT TRIGOUTPIN = 0dBmRF OUT10MHz REF OUTPUT01085-C-018 Figure 20. Test Setup for PWDN Response Time 0.1μF54.9Ω0.01μF0.01μF10Ω10Ω0.1μF+VS+VSTEKTDS784CSCOPE87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD8313TEK P6205FET PROBETRIG0603 SIZE SURFACEMOUNT COMPONENTS ONA LOW LEAKAGE PC BOARD01085-C-021TRIGOUTEXT TRIGRF OUT10MHz REF OUTPUT–6dBRFSPLITTER–6dBHP8648BSIGNALGENERATORPULSEMODULATIONMODEPULSE MODE INOUTHP8112APULSEGENERATOR Figure 21. Test Setup for RSSI Mode Pulse Response AD8313 Rev. D | Page 11 of 24 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The AD8313 is an 8-stage logarithmic amplifier, specifically designed for use in RF measurement and power amplifier control applications at frequencies up to 2.5 GHz. A block diagram is shown in Figure 22. For a detailed description of log amp theory and design principles, refer to the AD8307 data sheet. +++++AD8313VOUTVSETCOMMPWDNGAINBIASBAND GAPREFERENCESLOPECONTROLINTERCEPTCONTROLEIGHT 8dB 3.5GHz AMPLIFIER STAGES8dB8dBVPOSINHIINLOVPOS8dB8dBNINE DETECTOR CELLSCINTLPI→VV→I1876523401085-C-001 Figure 22. Block Diagram A fully differential design is used. Inputs INHI and INLO (Pins 2 and 3) are internally biased to approximately 0.75 V below the supply voltage, and present a low frequency impedance of nominally 900 Ω in parallel with 1.1 pF. The noise spectral density referred to the input is 0.6 nV/√Hz, equivalent to a voltage of 35 V rms in a 3.5 GHz bandwidth, or a noise power of −76 dBm re: 50 Ω. This sets the lower limit to the dynamic range; the Applications section shows how to increase the sensitivity by using a matching network or input transformer. However, the low end accuracy of the AD8313 is enhanced by specially shaping the demodulation transfer characteristic to partially compensate for errors due to internal noise. Each of the eight cascaded stages has a nominal voltage gain of 8 dB and a bandwidth of 3.5 GHz. Each stage is supported by precision biasing cells that determine this gain and stabilize it against supply and temperature variations. Since these stages are direct-coupled and the dc gain is high, an offset compensation loop is included. The first four stages and the biasing system are powered from Pin 4, while the later stages and the output inter-faces are powered from Pin 1. The biasing is controlled by a logic interface PWDN (Pin 5); this is grounded for normal operation, but may be taken high (to VS) to disable the chip. The threshold is at VPOS/2 and the biasing functions are enabled and disabled within 1.8 μs. Each amplifier stage has a detector cell associated with its output. These nonlinear cells perform an absolute value (full-wave rectification) function on the differential voltages along this backbone in a transconductance fashion; their outputs are in current-mode form and are thus easily summed. A ninth detector cell is added at the input of the AD8313. Since the midrange response of each of these nine detector stages is separated by 8 dB, the overall dynamic range is about 72 dB (Figure 23). The upper end of this range is determined by the capacity of the first detector cell, and occurs at approximately 0 dBm. The practical dynamic range is over 70 dB to the ±3 dB error points. However, some erosion of this range can occur at temperature and frequency extremes. Useful operation to over 3 GHz is possible, and the AD8313 remains serviceable at 10 MHz, needing only a small amount of additional ripple filtering. INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)2.0–80VOUT ( V)1.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20–70–60–50–40–30–20–100543210–1–2–3–4–5ERROR ( dB)–90INTERCEPT =–100dBmSLOPE = 18mV/dB01085-c-023 Figure 23. Typical RSSI Response and Error vs. Input Power at 1.9 GHz The fluctuating current output generated by the detector cells, with a fundamental component at twice the signal frequency, is filtered first by a low-pass section inside each cell, and then by the output stage. The output stage converts these currents to a voltage, VOUT, at VOUT (Pin 8), which can swing rail-to-rail. The filter exhibits a 2-pole response with a corner at approximately 12 MHz and full-scale rise time (10% to 90%) of 40 ns. The residual output ripple at an input frequency of 100 MHz has an amplitude of under 1 mV. The output can drive a small resistive load; it can source currents of up to 400 μA, and sink up to 10 mA. The output is stable with any capacitive load, though settling time could be impaired. The low frequency incremental output impedance is approximately 0.2 Ω. In addition to its use as an RF power measurement device (that is, as a logarithmic amplifier), the AD8313 may also be used in controller applications by breaking the feedback path from VOUT to VSET (Pin 7), which determines the slope of the output (nominally 18 mV/dB). This pin becomes the setpoint input in controller modes. In this mode, the voltage VOUT remains close to ground (typically under 50 mV) until the decibel equivalent of the voltage VSET is reached at the input, when VOUT makes a rapid transition to a voltage close to VPOS (see the Operating in Controller Mode section). The logarithmic intercept is nominally positioned at −100 dBm (re: 50 Ω); this is effective in both the log amp mode and the controller mode. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 12 of 24 With Pins 7 and 8 connected (log amp mode), the output can be stated as )dBm100(+=INSLOPEOUTPVV where PIN is the input power stated in dBm when the source is directly terminated in 50 Ω. However, the input impedance of the AD8313 is much higher than 50 Ω, and the sensitivity of this device may be increased by about 12 dB by using some type of matching network (see below), which adds a voltage gain and lowers the intercept by the same amount. Dependence on the ref-erence impedance can be avoided by restating the expression as )V2.2/(log20μ×××=INSLOPEOUTVVV where VIN is the rms value of a sinusoidal input appearing across Pins 2 and 3; here, 2.2 μV corresponds to the intercept, expressed in voltage terms. For detailed information on the effect of signal waveform and metrics on the intercept positioning for a log amp, refer to the AD8307 data sheet. With Pins 7 and 8 disconnected (controller mode), the output can be stated as SETINSLOPESOUTVPVVV>→)100/(logwhen SETINSLOPEOUTVPVV<→)100/(logwhen0 when the input is stated in terms of the power of a sinusoidal signal across a net termination impedance of 50 Ω. The transition zone between high and low states is very narrow since the output stage behaves essentially as a fast integrator. The above equations can be restated as SETINSLOPESOUTVVVVV>μ→)V2.2/(logwhen SETINSLOPEOUTVVVV<μ→)V2.2/(logwhen0 Another use of the separate VOUT and VSET pins is in raising the load-driving current capability by including an external NPN emitter follower. More complete information about usage in these modes is provided in the Applications section. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 13 of 24 INTERFACES This section describes the signal and control interfaces and their behavior. On-chip resistances and capacitances exhibit variations of up to ±20%. These resistances are sometimes temperature-dependent, and the capacitances may be voltage-dependent. POWER-DOWN INTERFACE, PWDN The power-down threshold is accurately centered at the midpoint of the supply as shown in Figure 24. If Pin 5 is left unconnected or tied to the supply voltage (recommended), the bias enable current is shut off, and the current drawn from the supply is predominately through a nominal 300 kΩ chain (20 μA at 3 V). When grounded, the bias system is turned on. The threshold level is accurately at VPOS/2. When operating in the device ON state, the input bias current at the PWDN pin is approximately 5 μA for VPOS = 3 V. 5PWDNVPOS75kΩ6COMM150kΩ50kΩ150kΩTO BIASENABLE401085-C-024 Figure 24. Power-Down Threshold Circuitry SIGNAL INPUTS, INHI, INLO The simplest low frequency ac model for this interface consists of just a 900 Ω resistance, RIN, in shunt with a 1.1 pF input cap-acitance, CIN, connected across INHI and INLO. Figure 25 shows these distributed in the context of a more complete schematic. The input bias voltage shown is for the enabled chip; when disabled, it rises by a few hundred millivolts. If the input is coupled via capacitors, this change may cause a low level signal transient to be introduced, having a time constant formed by these capacitors and RIN. For this reason, large coupling capacitors should be well matched. This is not necessary when using the small capacitors found in many impedance transforming networks used at high frequencies. 1.25kΩCOMMVPOSINHIINLOVPOS0.5pF0.5pF0.7pF2.5kΩ2.5kΩ~0.75V(1ST DETECTOR)250Ω~1.4mA125Ω125Ω1.25kΩ1.24VGAIN BIASTO 2NDSTAGETO STAGES1 TO 4123401085-C-025 Figure 25. Input Interface Simplified Schematic For high frequency use, Figure 26 shows the input impedance plotted on a Smith chart. This measured result of a typical device includes a 191 mil 50 Ω trace and a 680 pF capacitor to ground from the INLO pin. 1.1pF900Ω1.9GHzFrequency100MHz900MHz1.9GHz2.5GHzR650552223+jX–j400–j135–j65–j432.5GHz900MHz100MHzAD8313 MEASURED01085-C-026 Figure 26. Typical Input Impedance LOGARITHMIC/ERROR OUTPUT, VOUT The rail-to-rail output interface is shown in Figure 27. VOUT can run from within about 50 mV of ground, to within about 100 mV of the supply voltage, and is short-circuit safe to either supply. However, the sourcing load current, ISOURCE, is limited to that which is provided by the PNP transistor, typically 400 μA. Larger load currents can be provided by adding an external NPN transistor (see the Applications section). The dc open-loop gain of this amplifier is high, and it may be regarded as an integrator having a capacitance of 2 pF (CINT) driven by the current-mode signal generated by the summed outputs of the nine detector stages, which is scaled approximately 4.0 μA/dB. COMMgmSTAGECINTLPLM10mAMAXVOUTCLBIASISOURCE400μAVPOSFROMSETPOINTSUMMEDDETECTOROUTPUTS68101085-C-027 Figure 27. Output Interface Circuitry Thus, for midscale RF input of about 3 mV, which is some 40 dB above the minimum detector output, this current is 160 μA, and the output changes by 8 V/μs. When VOUT is connected to VSET, the rise and fall times are approximately 40 ns (for RL ≥ 10 kΩ ). The nominal slew rate is 2.5 V/μs. The HF compensation tech-nique results in stable operation with a large capacitive load, CL, though the positive-going slew rate is then limited by ISOURCE/CL to 1 V/μs for CL = 400 pF. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 14 of 24 SETPOINT INTERFACE, VSET The setpoint interface is shown in Figure 28. The voltage, VSET, is divided by a factor of 3 in a resistive attenuator of 18 kΩ total resistance. The signal is converted to a current by the action of the op amp and the resistor R3 (1.5 kΩ), which balances the current generated by the summed output of the nine detector cells at the input to the previous cell. The logarithmic slope is nominally 3 μs × 4.0 μA/dB × 1.5 kΩ = 18 mV/dB. 8VSETVPOSR112kΩR26kΩ6COMM25μA25μAFDBKTO O/PSTAGE1R31.5kΩLP01085-C-028 Figure 28. Setpoint Interface Circuitry AD8313 Rev. D | Page 15 of 24 APPLICATIONS BASIC CONNECTIONS FOR LOG (RSSI) MODE Figure 29 shows the AD8313 connected in its basic measurement mode. A power supply between 2.7 V and 5.5 V is required. The power supply to each of the VPOS pins should be decoupled with a 0.1 μF surface-mount ceramic capacitor and a 10 Ω series resistor. The PWDN pin is shown as grounded. The AD8313 may be disabled by a logic high at this pin. When disabled, the chip current is reduced to about 20 μA from its normal value of 13.7 mA. The logic threshold is at VPOS/2, and the enable function occurs in about 1.8 μs. However, that additional settling time is generally needed at low input levels. While the input in this case is terminated with a simple 50 Ω broadband resistive match, there are many ways in which the input termi-nation can be accomplished. These are discussed in the Input Coupling section. VSET is connected to VOUT to establish a feedback path that controls the overall scaling of the logarithmic amplifier. The load resistance, RL, should not be lower than 5 kΩ so that the full-scale output of 1.75 V can be generated with the limited available current of 400 μA max. As stated in the Absolute Maximum Ratings table, an externally applied overvoltage on the VOUT pin, which is outside the range 0 V to VPOS, is sufficient to cause permanent damage to the device. If overvoltages are expected on the VOUT pin, a series resistor, RPROT, should be included as shown. A 500 Ω resistor is sufficient to protect against overvoltage up to ±5 V; 1000 Ω should be used if an overvoltage of up to ±15 V is expected. Since the output stage is meant to drive loads of no more than 400 μA, this resistor does not impact device perform-ance for higher impedance drive applications (higher output current applications are discussed in the Increasing Output Current section). 0.1μF53.6Ω680pF680pFR110ΩR210Ω0.1μF+VS+VS87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD8313RPROTRL= 1MΩ01085-C-029 Figure 29. Basic Connections for Log (RSSI) Mode OPERATING IN CONTROLLER MODE Figure 30 shows the basic connections for operation in controller mode. The link between VOUT and VSET is broken and a set-point is applied to VSET. Any difference between VSET and the equivalent input power to the AD8313 drives VOUT either to the supply rail or close to ground. If VSET is greater than the equivalent input power, VOUT is driven toward ground, and vice versa. 0.1μFR110ΩR310Ω0.1μF+VS+VS87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD8313RPROT01085-C-030 Figure 30. Basic Connections for Operation in the Controller Mode This mode of operation is useful in applications where the output power of an RF power amplifier (PA) is to be controlled by an analog AGC loop (Figure 31). In this mode, a setpoint voltage, proportional in dB to the desired output power, is applied to the VSET pin. A sample of the output power from the PA, via a directional coupler or other means, is fed to the input of the AD8313. SETPOINTCONTROL DACRFINVOUTVSETAD8313DIRECTIONALCOUPLERPOWERAMPLIFIERRF INENVELOPE OFTRANSMITTEDSIGNAL01085-C-031 Figure 31. Setpoint Controller Operation VOUT is applied to the gain control terminal of the power amplifier. The gain control transfer function of the power amplifier should be an inverse relationship, that is, increasing voltage decreases gain. A positive input step on VSET (indicating a demand for increased power from the PA) drives VOUT toward ground. This should be arranged to increase the gain of the PA. The loop settles when VOUT settles to a voltage that sets the input power to the AD8313 to the dB equivalent of VSET. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 16 of 24 INPUT COUPLING The signal can be coupled to the AD8313 in a variety of ways. In all cases, there must not be a dc path from the input pins to ground. Some of the possibilities include dual-input coupling capacitors, a flux-linked transformer, a printed circuit balun, direct drive from a directional coupler, or a narrow-band impedance matching network. Figure 32 shows a simple broadband resistive match. A termination resistor of 53.6 Ω combines with the internal input impedance of the AD8313 to give an overall resistive input impedance of approximately 50 Ω. It is preferable to place the termination resistor directly across the input pins, INHI to INLO, where it lowers the possible deleterious effects of dc offset voltages on the low end of the dynamic range. At low frequencies, this may not be quite as beneficial, since it requires larger coupling capacitors. The two 680 pF input coupling capacitors set the high-pass corner frequency of the network at 9.4 MHz. RMATCH53.6ΩC2680pFC1680pFCINRINAD831350Ω50ΩSOURCE01085-C-032 Figure 32. A Simple Broadband Resistive Input Termination The high-pass corner frequency can be set higher according to the equation 50213××π×=CfdB where: C2C1C2C1C××= In high frequency applications, the use of a transformer, balun, or matching network is advantageous. The impedance matching characteristics of these networks provide what is essentially a gain stage before the AD8313 that increases the device sensitivity. This gain effect is explored in the following matching example. Figure 33 and Figure 34 show device performance under these three input conditions at 900 MHz and 1.9 GHz. While the 900 MHz case clearly shows the effect of input matching by realigning the intercept as expected, little improvement is seen at 1.9 GHz. Clearly, if no improvement in sensitivity is required, a simple 50 Ω termination may be the best choice for a given design based on ease of use and cost of components. INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)–80–70–60–50–40–30–20–103210–1–2–3ERROR ( dB)TERMINATEDDR = 66dB–90100BALANCEDMATCHEDBALANCEDDR = 71dBMATCHEDDR = 69dB01085-C-033 Figure 33. Comparison of Terminated, Matched, and Balanced Input Drive at 900 MHz INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBm)–80–70–60–50–40–30–20–1003210–1–2–3ERROR ( dB)–9010TERMINATEDDR = 75dBBALANCEDBALANCEDDR = 75dBMATCHEDDR = 73dBMATCHEDTERMINATED01085-C-034 Figure 34. Comparison of Terminated, Matched, and Balanced Input Drive at 1.9 GHz NARROW-BAND LC MATCHING EXAMPLE AT 100 MHz While numerous software programs provide an easy way to calculate the values of matching components, a clear under-standing of the calculations involved is valuable. A low frequency (100 MHz) value has been used for this example because of the deleterious board effects at higher frequencies. RF layout simulation software is useful when board design at higher frequencies is required. A narrow-band LC match can be implemented either as a series-inductance/shunt-capacitance or as a series-capacitance/ shunt-inductance. However, the concurrent requirement that the AD8313 inputs, INHI and INLO, be ac-coupled, makes a series-capacitance/shunt-inductance type match more appropriate (Figure 35). AD8313 Rev. D | Page 17 of 24 LMATCHC2C1CINRINAD831350Ω50ΩSOURCE01085-C-035 Figure 35. Narrow-Band Reactive Match Typically, the AD8313 needs to be matched to 50 Ω. The input impedance of the AD8313 at 100 MHz can be read from the Smith chart (Figure 26) and corresponds to a resistive input impedance of 900 Ω in parallel with a capacitance of 1.1 pF. To make the matching process simpler, the AD8313 input cap-acitance, CIN, can be temporarily removed from the calculation by adding a virtual shunt inductor (L2), which resonates away CIN (Figure 36). This inductor is factored back into the calculation later. This allows the main calculation to be based on a simple resistive-to-resistive match, that is, 50 Ω to 900 Ω. The resonant frequency is defined by the equation INCL2×=ω1 therefore, H3.212μ=ω=INCL2 L1C2C1CINCMATCH=(C1× C2)(C1 + C2)RINAD831350Ω50ΩSOURCE01085-C-036L2TEMPORARYINDUCTANCELMATCH=(C1× C2)(C1 + C2) Figure 36. Input Matching Example With CIN and L2 temporarily out of the picture, the focus is now on matching a 50 Ω source resistance to a (purely resistive) load of 900 Ω and calculating values for CMATCH and L1. When MATCHINSCL1RR= the input looks purely resistive at a frequency given by MHz10021=×π=MATCH0CL1f Solving for CMATCH gives pF5.72110=π×=fRRCINSMATCH Solving for L1 gives nH6.33720=π=fRRL1INS Because L1 and L2 are parallel, they can be combined to give the final value for LMATCH, that is, nH294=+×=L2L1L2L1LMATCH C1 and C2 can be chosen in a number of ways. First, C2 can be set to a large value, for example, 1000 pF, so that it appears as an RF short. C1 would then be set equal to the calculated value of CMATCH. Alternatively, C1 and C2 can each be set to twice CMATCH so that the total series capacitance is equal to CMATCH. By making C1 and C2 slightly unequal (that is, select C2 to be about 10% less than C1) but keeping their series value the same, the ampli-tude of the signals on INHI and INLO can be equalized so that the AD8313 is driven in a more balanced manner. Any of the options detailed above can be used provided that the combined series value of C1 and C2, that is, C1 × C2/(C1 + C2) is equal to CMATCH. In all cases, the values of CMATCH and LMATCH must be chosen from standard values. At this point, these values need now be installed on the board and measured for performance at 100 MHz. Because of board and layout parasitics, the component values from the preceding example had to be tuned to the final values of CMATCH = 8.9 pF and LMATCH = 270 nH as shown in Table 4. Assuming a lossless matching network and noting conservation of power, the impedance transformation from RS to RIN (50 Ω to 900 Ω) has an associated voltage gain given by dB6.12log20dB=×=SINRRGain Because the AD8313 input responds to voltage and not to true power, the voltage gain of the matching network increases the effective input low-end power sensitivity by this amount. Thus, in this case, the dynamic range is shifted downward, that is, the 12.6 dB voltage gain shifts the 0 dBm to −65 dBm input range downward to −12.6 dBm to −77.6 dBm. However, because of network losses, this gain is not be fully realized in practice. Refer to Figure 33 and Figure 34 for an example of practical attainable voltage gains. Table 4 shows recommended values for the inductor and cap-acitors in Figure 35 for some selected RF frequencies in addition to the associated theoretical voltage gain. These values for a reactive match are optimal for the board layout detailed as Figure 45. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 18 of 24 As previously discussed, a modification of the board layout produces networks that may not perform as specified. At 2.5 GHz, a shunt inductor is sufficient to achieve proper matching. Con-sequently, C1 and C2 are set sufficiently high that they appear as RF shorts. Table 4. Recommended Values for C1, C2, and LMATCH in Figure 35 Freq. (MHz) CMATCH (pF) C1 (pF) C2 (pF) LMATCH (nH) Voltage Gain(dB) 100 8.9 22 15 270 12.6 1000 270 900 1.5 3 3 8.2 9.0 1.5 1000 8.2 1900 1.5 3 3 2.2 6.2 1.5 1000 2.2 2500 Large 390 390 2.2 3.2 Figure 37 shows the voltage response of the 100 MHz matching network. Note the high attenuation at lower frequencies typical of a high-pass network. FREQUENCY (MHz)1550VOLTAGE GAIN ( dB)1050–510020001085-C-037 Figure 37. Voltage Response of 100 MHz Narrow-Band Matching Network ADJUSTING THE LOG SLOPE Figure 38 shows how the log slope can be adjusted to an exact value. The idea is simple: the output at the VOUT pin is attenu-ated by the variable resistor R2 working against the internal 18 kΩ of input resistance at the VSET pin. When R2 is 0, the attenu-ation it introduces is 0, and thus the slope is the basic 18 mV/dB. Note that this value varies with frequency, (Figure 10). When R2 is set to its maximum value of 10 kΩ, the attenuation from VOUT to VSET is the ratio 18/(18 + 10), and the slope is raised to (28/18) × 18 mV, or 28 mV/dB. At about the midpoint, the nominal scale is 23 mV/dB. Thus, a 70 dB input range changes the output by 70 × 23 mV, or 1.6 V. 0.1μFR110ΩR310ΩR210kΩ0.1μF+VS+VS87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD831301085-C-03818–30mV/dB Figure 38. Adjusting the Log Slope As stated, the unadjusted log slope varies with frequency from 17 mV/dB to 20 mV/dB, as shown in Figure 10. By placing a resistor between VOUT and VSET, the slope can be adjusted to a convenient 20 mV/dB as shown in Figure 39. Table 5 shows the recommended values for this resistor, REXT. Also shown are values for REXT, which increase the slope to approximately 50 mV/dB. The corresponding voltage swings for a −65 dBm to 0 dBm input range are also shown in Table 6. 0.1μFR110ΩR310ΩREXT0.1μF+VS+VS87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD831301085-C-03920mV/dB Figure 39. Adjusting the Log Slope to a Fixed Value Table 5. Values for R in Figure 39EXT Frequency MHz REXT kV Slope mV/dB VOUT Swing for Pin −65 dBm to 0 dBm – V 100 0.953 20 0.44 to 1.74 900 2.00 20 0.58 to 1.88 1900 2.55 20 0.70 to 2.00 2500 0 20 0.54 to 1.84 100 29.4 50 1.10 to 4.35 900 32.4 50.4 1.46 to 4.74 1900 33.2 49.8 1.74 to 4.98 2500 26.7 49.7 1.34 to 4.57 The value for REXT is calculated by ()Ω×−=k18SlopeOriginalSlopeOriginalSlopeNewREXT The value for the Original Slope, at a particular frequency, can be read from Figure 10. The resulting output swing is calculated by simply inserting the New Slope value and the intercept at that frequency (Figure 10 and Figure 13) into the general equation for the AD8313’s output voltage: VOUT = Slope(PIN − Intercept) AD8313 Rev. D | Page 19 of 24 INCREASING OUTPUT CURRENT To drive a more substantial load, either a pull-up resistor or an emitter-follower can be used. In Figure 40, a 1 kΩ pull-up resistor is added at the output, which provides the load current necessary to drive a 1 kΩ load to 1.7 V for VS = 2.7 V. The pull-up resistor slightly lowers the intercept and the slope. As a result, the transfer function of the AD8313 is shifted upward (intercept shifts downward). 0.1μFR110ΩR310Ω0.1μF+VS+VS87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD831301085-C-0401kΩRL= 1kΩ+VS20mV/dB Figure 40. Increasing AD8313 Output Current Capability In Figure 41, an emitter-follower provides the current gain, when a 100 Ω load can readily be driven to full-scale output. While a high ß transistor such as the BC848BLT1 (min ß = 200) is recommended, a 2 kΩ pull-up resistor between VOUT and +VS can provide additional base current to the transistor. βMIN = 2000.1μFR110ΩR310Ω0.1μF+VS+VS+VS87651234VPOSVOUTINHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD831301085-C-041RL100ΩOUTPUT13kΩ10kΩBC848BLT1 Figure 41. Output Current Drive Boost Connection In addition to providing current gain, the resistor/potentiometer combination between VSET and the emitter of the transistor increases the log slope to as much as 45 mV/dB, at maximum resistance. This gives an output voltage of 4 V for a 0 dBm input. If no increase in the log slope is required, VSET can be connected directly to the emitter of the transistor. EFFECT OF WAVEFORM TYPE ON INTERCEPT Although specified for input levels in dBm (dB relative to 1 mW), the AD8313 responds to voltage and not to power. A direct consequence of this characteristic is that input signals of equal rms power but differing crest factors produce different results at the log amp’s output. Different signal waveforms vary the effective value of the log amp’s intercept upward or downward. Graphically, this looks like a vertical shift in the log amp’s transfer function. The device’s logarithmic slope, however, is in principle not affected. For example, if the AD8313 is being fed alternately from a continuous wave and from a single CDMA channel of the same rms power, the AD8313 output voltage differs by the equivalent of 3.55 dB (64 mV) over the complete dynamic range of the device (the output for a CDMA input being lower). Table 6 shows the correction factors that should be applied to measure the rms signal strength of a various signal types. A continuous wave input is used as a reference. To measure the rms power of a square wave, for example, the mV equivalent of the dB value given in the table (18 mV/dB × 3.01 dB) should be subtracted from the output voltage of the AD8313. Table 6. Shift in AD8313 Output for Signals with Differing Crest Factors Signal Type Correction Factor (Add to Output Reading) CW Sine Wave 0 dB Square Wave or DC −3.01 dB Triangular Wave +0.9 dB GSM Channel (All Time Slots On) +0.55 dB CDMA Channel +3.55 dB PDC Channel (All Time Slots On) +0.58 dB Gaussian Noise +2.51 dB AD8313 Rev. D | Page 20 of 24 EVALUATION BOARD SCHEMATIC AND LAYOUT Figure 44 shows the schematic of the AD8313 evaluation board. Note that uninstalled components are indicated as open. This board contains the AD8313 as well as the AD8009 current-feedback operational amplifier. This is a 4-layer board (top and bottom signal layers, ground, and power). The top layer silkscreen and layout are shown in Figure 42 and Figure 43. A detailed drawing of the recommended PCB footprint for the MSOP package and the pads for the matching components are shown in Figure 45. The vacant portions of the signal and power layers are filled out with ground plane for general noise suppression. To ensure a low impedance connection between the planes, there are multiple through-hole connections to the RF ground plane. While the ground planes on the power and signal planes are used as general-purpose ground returns, any RF grounds related to the input matching network (for example, C2) are returned directly to the RF internal ground plane. GENERAL OPERATION The AD8313 should be powered by a single supply in the range of 2.7 V to 5.5 V. The power supply to each AD8313 VPOS pin is decoupled by a 10 Ω resistor and a 0.1 μF capacitor. The AD8009 can run on either single or dual supplies, +5 V to ±6 V. Both the positive and negative supply traces are decoupled using a 0.1 μF capacitor. Pads are provided for a series resistor or inductor to provide additional supply filtering. The two signal inputs are ac-coupled using 680 pF high quality RF capacitors (C1, C2). A 53.6 Ω resistor across the differential signal inputs (INHI, INLO) combines with the internal 900 Ω input impedance to give a broadband input impedance of 50.6 Ω. This termination is not optimal from a noise perspective due to the Johnson noise of the 53.6 Ω resistor. Neither does it account for the AD8313’s reactive input impedance nor for the decrease over frequency of the resistive component of the input imped-ance. However, it does allow evaluation of the AD8313 over its complete frequency range without having to design multiple matching networks. For optimum performance, a narrow-band match can be implemented by replacing the 53.6 Ω resistor (labeled L/R) with an RF inductor and replacing the 680 pF capacitors with appropriate values. The Narrow-Band LC Matching Example at 100 MHz section includes a table of recommended values for selected frequencies and explains the method of calculation. Switch 1 is used to select between power-up and power-down modes. Connecting the PWDN pin to ground enables normal operation of the AD8313. In the opposite position, the PWDN pin can be driven externally (SMA connector labeled ENBL) to either device state, or it can be allowed to float to a disabled device state. The evaluation board comes with the AD8313 configured to operate in RSSI/measurement mode. This mode is set by the 0 Ω resistor (R11), which shorts the VOUT and VSET pins to each other. When using the AD8009, the AD8313 logarithmic output appears on the SMA connector labeled VOUT. Using only the AD8313, the log output can be measured at TP1 or the SMA connector labeled VSET. USING THE AD8009 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER The AD8313 can supply only 400 μA at VOUT. It is also sensitive to capacitive loading, which can cause inaccurate measurements, especially in applications where the AD8313 is used to measure the envelope of RF bursts. The AD8009 alleviates both of these issues. It is an ultrahigh speed current feedback amplifier capable of delivering over 175 mA of load current, with a slew rate of 5,500 V/μs, which results in a rise time of 545 ps, making it ideal as a pulse amplifier. The AD8009 is configured as a buffer amplifier with a gain of 1. Other gain options can be implemented by installing the appro-priate resistors at R10 and R12. Various output filtering and loading options are available using R5, R6, and C6. Note that some capacitive loads may cause the AD8009 to become unstable. It is recommended that a 42.2 Ω resistor be installed at R5 when driving a capacitive load. More details can be found in the AD8009 data sheet. VARYING THE LOGARITHMIC SLOPE The slope of the AD8313 can be increased from its nominal value of 18 mV/dB to a maximum of 40 mV/dB by removing R11, the 0 Ω resistor, which shorts VSET to VOUT. VSET and VOUT are now connected through the 20 kΩ potentiometer. The AD8009 must be configured for a gain of 1 to accurately vary the slope of the AD8313. OPERATING IN CONTROLLER MODE To put the AD8313 into controller mode, R7 and R11 should be removed, breaking the link between VOUT and VSET. The VSET pin can then be driven externally via the SMA connector labeled VSET. RF BURST RESPONSE The VOUT pin of the AD8313 is very sensitive to capacitive loading, as a result care must be taken when measuring the device’s response to RF bursts. For best possible response time measurements it is recommended that the AD8009 be used to buffer the output from the AD8313. No connection should be made to TP1, the added load will effect the response time. AD8313 Rev. D | Page 21 of 24 001085-C-048 Figure 42. Layout of Signal Layer 01085-C-049 Figure 43. Signal Layer Silkscreen AD8313 Rev. D | Page 22 of 24 VPS1VPS101085-C-046R210ΩEXT ENABLESW1R110Ω1234INHIINLOVPOSPWDNCOMMVSETAD83138765INHIVOUTEXT VSETAD8009VPOSVOUTC70.1μFC1680pFC2680pFC30.1μFC50.1μFR40ΩR12301ΩR50ΩR70ΩR30ΩR110ΩR90ΩR210ΩL/R53.6ΩVNEGVPS2INLOTP1Z1Z2R10OPENR6OPENR820kΩC6OPENABC40.1μF Figure 44. Evaluation Board Schematic Table 7. Evaluation Board Configuration Options Component Function Default VPS1, VPS2, GND, VNEG Supply Pins. VPS1 is the positive supply pin for the AD8313. VPS2 and VNEG are the positive and negative supply pins for the AD8009. If the AD8009 is being operated from a single supply, VNEG should be connected to GND. VPS1 and VPS2 are independent. GND is shared by both devices. Not Applicable Z1 AD8313 Logarithmic Amplifier. If the AD8313 is used in measurement mode, it is not necessary to power up the AD8009 op amp. The log output can be measured at TP1 or at the SMA connector labeled VSET. Installed Z1 AD8009 Operational Amplifier. Installed SW1 Device Enable. When in Position A, the PWDN pin is connected to ground and the AD8313 is in normal operating mode. In Position B, the PWDN pin is connected to an SMA connector labeled ENBL. A signal can be applied to this connector. SW1 = A R7, R8 Slope Adjust. The slope of the AD8313 can be increased from its nominal value of 18 mV/dB to a maximum of 40 mV/dB by removing R11, the 0 Ω resistor, which shorts VSET to VOUT, and installing a 0 Ω resistor at R7. The 20 kΩ potentiometer at R8 can then be used to change the slope. R7 = 0 Ω (Size 0603) R8 = installed Operating in Controller Mode. To put the AD8313 into controller mode, R7 and R11 should be removed, breaking the link between VOUT and VSET. The VSET pin can then be driven externally via the SMA connector labeled VSET. L/R, C1, C2, R9 Input Interface. The 52.3 Ω resistor in position L/R, along with C1 and C2, create a wideband 50 Ω input. Alternatively, the 52.3 Ω resistor can be replaced by an inductor to form an input matching network. See Input Coupling section for more details. Remove the 0 Ω resistor at R9 for differential drive applications. L/R = 53.6 Ω (Size 0603) C1 = C2 = 680 pF (Size 0603) R9 = 0 Ω (Size 0603) R10, R12 Op Amp Gain Adjust. The AD8009 is initially configured as a buffer; gain = 1. To increase the gain of the op amp, modify the resistor values R10 and R12. R10 = open (Size 0603) R12 = 301 Ω (Size 0603) R5, R6, C6 Op Amp Output Loading/Filtering. A variety of loading and filtering options are available for the AD8009. The robust output of the op amp is capable of driving low impedances such as 50 Ω or 75 Ω, configure R5 and R6 accordingly. See the AD8009 data sheet for more details. R5 = 0 Ω (Size 0603) R6 = open (Size 0603) C6 = open (Size 0603) R1, R2, R3, R4, C3, C4, C5, C7 Supply Decoupling. R1 = R2 = 10 Ω (Size 0603) R3 = R4 = 0 Ω (Size 0603) C3 = C4 = 0.1 μF (Size 0603) C5 = C7 = 0.1 μF (Size 0603) AD8313 Rev. D | Page 23 of 24 4854.490.6282027.57550201950354122464851.791.3511016126TRACE WIDTH15.4NOT CRITICAL DIMENSIONSUNIT = MILS01085-C-047 Figure 45. Detail of PCB Footprint for Package and Pads for Matching Network AD8313 Rev. D | Page 24 of 24 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.800.600.408°0°4854.90BSCPIN 10.65 BSC3.00BSCSEATINGPLANE0.150.000.380.221.10 MAX3.00BSCCOPLANARITY0.100.230.08COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187AA Figure 46 . 8-Lead MicroSOIC Package [MSOP] (RM-08) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) ORDERING GUIDE Model Temperature Range Package Descriptions Package Option Branding AD8313ARM −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP RM-08 J1A AD8313ARM-REEL −40°C to +85°C 13" Tape and Reel RM-08 J1A AD8313ARM-REEL7 −40°C to +85°C 7" Tape and Reel RM-08 J1A AD8313ARMZ1 −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead MSOP AD8313ARMZ-REEL71 −40°C to +85°C 7" Tape and Reel AD8313-EVAL Evaluation Board 1 Z = Pb-free part. TUSB3410, TUSB3410I USB to Serial Port Controller January 2010 Connectivity Interface Solutions Data Manual SLLS519H Contents May 2008 SLLS519G iii Contents Section Page 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Controller Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 USB Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Enhanced UART Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.4 Terminal Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 Detailed Controller Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 USB Interface Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 External Memory Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.2 Host Download Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3 USB Data Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4 Serial Port Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.5 Serial Port Data Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.5.1 RS-232 Data Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.5.2 RS-485 Data Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.5.3 IrDA Data Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 MCU Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.1 Miscellaneous Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1.1 ROMS: ROM Shadow Configuration Register (Addr:FF90h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1.2 Boot Operation (MCU Firmware Loading) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1.3 WDCSR: Watchdog Timer, Control, and Status Register (Addr:FF93h) . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Buffers + I/O RAM Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.3 Endpoint Descriptor Block (EDB−1 to EDB−3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.3.1 OEPCNF_n: Output Endpoint Configuration (n = 1 to 3) (Base Addr: FF08h, FF10h, FF18h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.3.2 OEPBBAX_n: Output Endpoint X-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 1) . . . . 19 4.3.3 OEPBCTX_n: Output Endpoint X Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3.4 OEPBBAY_n: Output Endpoint Y-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 5) . . . . 20 4.3.5 OEPBCTY_n: Output Endpoint Y-Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3.6 OEPSIZXY_n: Output Endpoint X-/Y-Buffer Size (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 7) . . . . . . . . . 21 4.3.7 IEPCNF_n: Input Endpoint Configuration (n = 1 to 3) (Base Addr: FF48h, FF50h, FF58h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.3.8 IEPBBAX_n: Input Endpoint X-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 1) . . . . . . 21 4.3.9 IEPBCTX_n: Input Endpoint X-Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.3.10 IEPBBAY_n: Input Endpoint Y-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 5) . . . . . . 22 4.3.11 IEPBCTY_n: Input Endpoint Y-Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.3.12 IEPSIZXY_n: Input Endpoint X-/Y-Buffer Size (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4 Endpoint-0 Descriptor Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4.1 IEPCNFG_0: Input Endpoint-0 Configuration Register (Addr:FF80h) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4.2 IEPBCNT_0: Input Endpoint-0 Byte Count Register (Addr:FF81h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.4.3 OEPCNFG_0: Output Endpoint-0 Configuration Register (Addr:FF82h) . . . . . . . . . 24 4.4.4 OEPBCNT_0: Output Endpoint-0 Byte Count Register (Addr:FF83h) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Contents iv SLLS519G May 2008 Section Page 5 USB Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.1 FUNADR: Function Address Register (Addr:FFFFh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.2 USBSTA: USB Status Register (Addr:FFFEh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.3 USBMSK: USB Interrupt Mask Register (Addr:FFFDh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.4 USBCTL: USB Control Register (Addr:FFFCh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.5 MODECNFG: Mode Configuration Register (Addr:FFFBh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.6 Vendor ID/Product ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.7 SERNUM7: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 7) (Addr:FFEFh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.8 SERNUM6: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 6) (Addr:FFEEh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.9 SERNUM5: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 5) (Addr:FFEDh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.10 SERNUM4: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 4) (Addr:FFECh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.11 SERNUM3: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 3) (Addr:FFEBh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.12 SERNUM2: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 2) (Addr:FFEAh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.13 SERNUM1: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 1) (Addr:FFE9h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.14 SERNUM0: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 0) (Addr:FFE8h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.15 Function Reset And Power-Up Reset Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.16 Pullup Resistor Connect/Disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6 DMA Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.1 DMA Controller Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.1.1 DMACDR1: DMA Channel Definition Register (UART Transmit Channel) (Addr:FFE0h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.1.2 DMACSR1: DMA Control And Status Register (UART Transmit Channel) (Addr:FFE1h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.1.3 DMACDR3: DMA Channel Definition Register (UART Receive Channel) (Addr:FFE4h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.1.4 DMACSR3: DMA Control And Status Register (UART Receive Channel) (Addr:FFE5h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2 Bulk Data I/O Using the EDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2.1 IN Transaction (TUSB3410 to Host) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.2.2 OUT Transaction (Host to TUSB3410) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7 UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.1 UART Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.1.1 RDR: Receiver Data Register (Addr:FFA0h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.1.2 TDR: Transmitter Data Register (Addr:FFA1h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.1.3 LCR: Line Control Register (Addr:FFA2h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7.1.4 FCRL: UART Flow Control Register (Addr:FFA3h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 7.1.5 Transmitter Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 7.1.6 MCR: Modem-Control Register (Addr:FFA4h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7.1.7 LSR: Line-Status Register (Addr:FFA5h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 7.1.8 MSR: Modem-Status Register (Addr:FFA6h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7.1.9 DLL: Divisor Register Low Byte (Addr:FFA7h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7.1.10 DLH: Divisor Register High Byte (Addr:FFA8h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7.1.11 Baud-Rate Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7.1.12 XON: Xon Register (Addr:FFA9h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7.1.13 XOFF: Xoff Register (Addr:FFAAh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 7.1.14 MASK: UART Interrupt-Mask Register (Addr:FFABh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Contents May 2008 SLLS519G v Section Page 7.2 UART Data Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 7.2.1 Receiver Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 7.2.2 Hardware Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7.2.3 Auto RTS (Receiver Control) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7.2.4 Auto CTS (Transmitter Control) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7.2.5 Xon/Xoff Receiver Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 7.2.6 Xon/Xoff Transmit Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 8 Expanded GPIO Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 8.1 Input/Output and Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 8.1.1 PUR_3: GPIO Pullup Register For Port 3 (Addr:FF9Eh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.1 8052 Interrupt and Status Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.1.1 8052 Standard Interrupt Enable (SIE) Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.1.2 Additional Interrupt Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.1.3 VECINT: Vector Interrupt Register (Addr:FF92h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.1.4 Logical Interrupt Connection Diagram (Internal/External) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10 I2C Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.1 I2C Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.1.1 I2CSTA: I2C Status and Control Register (Addr:FFF0h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.1.2 I2CADR: I2C Address Register (Addr:FFF3h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.1.3 I2CDAI: I2C Data-Input Register (Addr:FFF2h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.1.4 I2CDAO: I2C Data-Output Register (Addr:FFF1h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.2 Random-Read Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.3 Current-Address Read Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.4 Sequential-Read Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.5 Byte-Write Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.6 Page-Write Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 11 TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.2 Bootcode Programming Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.3 Default Bootcode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 11.3.1 Device Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 11.3.2 Configuration Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.3.3 Interface Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.3.4 Endpoint Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.3.5 String Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.4 External I2C Device Header Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 11.4.1 Product Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 11.4.2 Descriptor Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 11.5 Checksum in Descriptor Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 11.6 Header Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 11.6.1 TUSB3410 Bootcode Supported Descriptor Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 11.6.2 USB Descriptor Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 11.6.3 Autoexec Binary Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 11.7 USB Host Driver Downloading Header Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Contents vi SLLS519G May 2008 Section Page 11.8 Built-In Vendor Specific USB Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11.8.1 Reboot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11.8.2 Force Execute Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11.8.3 External Memory Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 11.8.4 External Memory Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 11.8.5 I2C Memory Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 11.8.6 I2C Memory Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 11.8.7 Internal ROM Memory Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 11.9 Bootcode Programming Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 11.9.1 USB Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 11.9.2 Hardware Reset Introduced by the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 11.10 File Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 12 Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 12.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 12.2 Commercial Operating Condition (3.3 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 12.3 Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 13 Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 13.1 Crystal Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 13.2 External Circuit Required for Reliable Bus Powered Suspend Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 13.3 Wakeup Timing (WAKEUP or RI/CP Transitions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 13.4 Reset Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 List of Illustrations May 2008 SLLS519G vii List of Illustrations Figure Title Page 1−1 Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1−2 USB-to-Serial (Single Channel) Controller Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3−1 RS-232 and IR Mode Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3−2 USB-to-Serial Implementation (RS-232) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3−3 RS-485 Bus Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4−1 MCU Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5−1 Reset Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5−2 Pullup Resistor Connect/Disconnect Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7−1 MSR and MCR Registers in Loop-Back Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7−2 Receiver/Transmitter Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7−3 Auto Flow Control Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 9−1 Internal Vector Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 11−1 Control Read Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 11−2 Control Write Transfer Without Data Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 13−1 Crystal Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 13−2 External Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 13−3 Reset Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 List of Tables viii SLLS519G May 2008 List of Tables Table Title Page 2−1 Terminal Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4−1 ROM/RAM Size Definition Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4−2 XDATA Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4−3 Memory-Mapped Registers Summary (XDATA Range = FF80h ” FFFFh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4−4 EDB Memory Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4−5 Endpoint Registers and Offsets in RAM (n = 1 to 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4−6 Endpoint Registers Base Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4−7 Input/Output EDB-0 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6−1 DMA Controller Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6−2 DMA IN-Termination Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7−1 UART Registers Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7−2 Transmitter Flow-Control Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 7−3 Receiver Flow-Control Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 7−4 DLL/DLH Values and Resulted Baud Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9−1 8052 Interrupt Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9−2 Vector Interrupt Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 11−1 Device Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11−2 Configuration Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11−3 Interface Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11−4 Output Endpoint1 Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11−5 String Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11−6 USB Descriptors Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 11−7 Autoexec Binary Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11−8 Host Driver Downloading Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11−9 Bootcode Response to Control Read Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 11−10 Bootcode Response to Control Write Without Data Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 11−11 Vector Interrupt Values and Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Introduction SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Controller Description The TUSB3410 provides bridging between a USB port and an enhanced UART serial port. The TUSB3410 contains all the necessary logic to communicate with the host computer using the USB bus. It contains an 8052 microcontroller unit (MCU) with 16K bytes of RAM that can be loaded from the host or from the external on-board memory via an I2C bus. It also contains 10K bytes of ROM that allow the MCU to configure the USB port at boot time. The ROM code also contains an I2C boot loader. All device functions, such as the USB command decoding, UART setup, and error reporting, are managed by the internal MCU firmware under the auspices of the PC host. The TUSB3410 can be used to build an interface between a legacy serial peripheral device and a PC with USB ports, such as a legacy-free PC. Once configured, data flows from the host to the TUSB3410 via USB OUT commands and then out from the TUSB3410 on the SOUT line. Conversely, data flows into the TUSB3410 on the SIN line and then into the host via USB IN commands. Host (PC or On-The-Go Dual-Role Device) USB Out In TUSB3410 SOUT SIN Legacy Serial Peripheral Figure 1−1. Data Flow Introduction 2 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 8052 Core Clock Oscillator 12 MHz PLL and Dividers 10K × 8 ROM 8 8 2 × 16-Bit Timers 16K × 8 RAM 8 8 4 Port 3 2K × 8 SRAM 8 8 I2C Controller 8 UART−1 CPU-I/F Suspend/ Resume 8 UBM USB Buffer Manager 8 8 USB Serial Interface Engine USB TxR TDM Control Logic P3.4 P3.3 P3.1 P3.0 I2C Bus DP, DM 8 DMA-1 DMA-3 RTS CTS DTR DSR MUX IR Encoder SOUT/IR_SOUT MUX IR Decoder SIN/IR_SIN 24 MHz SIN SOUT Figure 1−2. USB-to-Serial (Single Channel) Controller Block Diagram Introduction SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 3 1.2 Ordering Information T PACKAGED DEVICES TA COMMENT 32-TERMINAL LQFP PACKAGE 32-TERMINAL QFN PACKAGE 40°C to 85°C TUSB3410 I VF TUSB3410 I RHB Industrial temperature range Shipped in trays −TUSB3410 I RHBR Industrial temperature range Tape and Reel Option 0°C to 70°C TUSB3410 VF TUSB3410 RHB Shipped in trays TUSB3410 RHBR Tape and Reel Option 1.3 Revision History Version Date Changes Mar−2002 Initial Release A Apr−2002 1. General grammatical corrections 2. Added Design−in warning on cover sheet 3. Removed references to Optional preprogrammed VID/PID Registers from Section 5.1.6 through 5.1.11. Renumber the remainder of Section 5.1 accordingly – option no longer supported. 4. Clarified GPIO pin availability B Jun−2002 1. Removed Design−in warning from cover sheet 2. Added Note 8 to Terminal Functions Table for GPIO Pins. 3. Removed Section 3.2.3 – Production Programming Mode – Mode no longer supported. 4. Added Clock Output Control description to section 5.1.5. 5. Removed Section 11.6.4 USB Descriptor with Binary Firmware 6. Added Icc Spec to Table 12.3 C Nov−2003 1. Added Industrial Temperature Option and Information 2. Added USB Logo to Cover D July 2005 1. General grammatical corrections 2. Numerous technical corrections F July 2007 1. Added ordering information for TUSB3410IRHBR and TUSB3410RHBR G May 2008 1. Added terminal assignments for RHB package H Jan 2010 1. Removed reference to 48-MHz in 13.4 Introduction 4 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Main Features SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 5 2 Main Features 2.1 USB Features • Fully compliant with USB 2.0 full speed specifications: TID #40340262 • Supports 12-Mbps USB data rate (full speed) • Supports USB suspend, resume, and remote wakeup operations • Supports two power source modes: − Bus-powered mode − Self-powered mode • Can support a total of three input and three output (interrupt, bulk) endpoints 2.2 General Features • Integrated 8052 microcontroller with − 256 × 8 RAM for internal data − 10K × 8 ROM (with USB and I2C boot loader) − 16K × 8 RAM for code space loadable from host or I2C port − 2K × 8 shared RAM used for data buffers and endpoint descriptor blocks (EDB) − Four GPIO terminals from 8052 port 3 − Master I2C controller for EEPROM device access − MCU operates at 24 MHz providing 2 MIPS operation − 128-ms watchdog timer • Built-in two-channel DMA controller for USB/UART bulk I/O • Operates from a 12-MHz crystal • Supports USB suspend and resume • Supports remote wake-up • Available in 32-terminal LQFP • 3.3-V operation with 1.8-V core operating voltage provided by on-chip 1.8-V voltage regulator 2.3 Enhanced UART Features • Software/hardware flow control: − Programmable Xon/Xoff characters − Programmable Auto-RTS/DTR and Auto-CTS/DSR • Automatic RS-485 bus transceiver control, with and without echo • Selectable IrDA mode for up to 115.2 kbps transfer • Software selectable baud rate from 50 to 921.6 k baud • Programmable serial-interface characteristics − 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-bit characters − Even, odd, or no parity-bit generation and detection − 1-, 1.5-, or 2-stop bit generation Main Features 6 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 • Line break generation and detection • Internal test and loop-back capabilities • Modem-control functions (CTS, RTS, DSR, DTR, RI, and DCD) • Internal diagnostics capability − Loopback control for communications link-fault isolation − Break, parity, overrun, framing-error simulation 2.4 Terminal Assignment VF PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 RI/CP DCD DSR CTS WAKEUP SCL SDA RESET VCC X2 X1/CLKI GND P3.4 P3.3 P3.1 P3.0 24 18 3 4 5 6 7 8 17 TEST1 TEST0 CLKOUT DTR RTS SOUT/IR_SOUT GND SIN/IR_SIN VREGEN SUSPEND VCC VDD18 PUR DP DM GND RHB PACKAGE (BOTTOM VIEW) 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 24 23 22 21 19 18 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 VREGEN SUSPEND VCC VDD18 PUR DP DM GND TEST1 TEST0 CLKOUT SOUT/IR_SOUT GND SIN/IR_SIN DTR RTS RESET WAKEUP CTS DSR DCD RI SDA SCL /CP P3.0 P3.1 P3.3 P3.4 GND X1/CLKI X2 VCC 20 Main Features SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 7 Table 2−1. Terminal Functions TERMINAL I/O DESCRIPTION NAME NO. CLKOUT 22 O Clock output (controlled by bits 2 (CLKOUTEN) and 3(CLKSLCT) in the MODECNFG register (see Section 5.5 and Note 1) CTS 13 I UART: Clear to send (see Note 4) DCD 15 I UART: Data carrier detect (see Note 4) DM 7 I/O Upstream USB port differential data minus DP 6 I/O Upstream USB port differential data plus DSR 14 I UART: Data set ready (see Note 4) DTR 21 O UART: Data terminal ready (see Note 1) GND 8, 18, 28 GND Digital ground P3.0 32 I/O General-purpose I/O 0 (port 3, terminal 0) (see Notes 3, 5, and 8) P3.1 31 I/O General-purpose I/O 1 (port 3, terminal 1) (see Notes 3, 5, and 8) P3.3 30 I/O General-purpose I/O 3 (port 3, terminal 3) (see Notes 3, 5, and 8) P3.4 29 I/O General-purpose I/O 4 (port 3, terminal 4) (see Notes 3, 5, and 8) PUR 5 O Pull-up resistor connection (see Note 2) RESET 9 I Device master reset input (see Note 4) RI/CP 16 I UART: Ring indicator (see Note 4) RTS 20 O UART: Request to send (see Note 1) SCL 11 O Master I2C controller: clock signal (see Note 1) SDA 10 I/O Master I2C controller: data signal (see Notes 1 and 5) SIN/IR_SIN 17 I UART: Serial input data / IR Serial data input (see Note 6) SOUT/IR_SOUT 19 O UART: Serial output data / IR Serial data output (see Note 7) SUSPEND 2 O Suspend indicator terminal (see Note 3). When this terminal is asserted high, the device is in suspend mode. TEST0 23 I Test input (for factory test only) (see Note 5). This terminal must be tied to VCC through a 10-kΩ resistor. TEST1 24 I Test input (for factory test only) (see Note 5). This terminal must be tied to VCC through a 10-kΩ resistor. VCC 3, 25 PWR 3.3 V VDD18 4 PWR 1.8-V supply. An internal voltage regulator generates this supply voltage when terminal VREGEN is low. When VREGEN is high, 1.8 V must be supplied externally. VREGEN 1 I This active-low terminal is used to enable the 3.3-V to 1.8-V voltage regulator. WAKEUP 12 I Remote wake-up request terminal. When low, wakes up system (see Note 5) X1/CLKI 27 I 12-MHz crystal input or clock input X2 26 O 12-MHz crystal output NOTES: 1. 3-state CMOS output (±4-mA drive/sink) 2. 3-state CMOS output (±8-mA drive/sink) 3. 3-state CMOS output (±12-mA drive/sink) 4. TTL-compatible, hysteresis input 5. TTL-compatible, hysteresis input, with internal 100-μA active pullup resistor 6. TTL-compatible input without hysteresis, with internal 100-μA active pullup resistor 7. Normal or IR mode: 3-state CMOS output (±4-mA drive/sink) 8. The MCU treats the outputs as open drain types in that the output can be driven low continuously, but a high output is driven for two clock cycles and then the output is high impedance. Main Features 8 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Detailed Controller Description SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 9 3 Detailed Controller Description 3.1 Operating Modes The TUSB3410 controls its USB interface in response to USB commands, and this action is independent of the serial port mode selected. On the other hand, the serial port can be configured in three different modes. As with any interface device, data movement is the main function of the TUSB3410, but typically the initial configuration and error handling consume most of the support code. The following sections describe the various modes the device can be used in and the means of configuring the device. 3.2 USB Interface Configuration The TUSB3410 contains onboard ROM microcode, which enables the MCU to enumerate the device as a USB peripheral. The ROM microcode can also load application code into internal RAM from either external memory via the I2C bus or from the host via the USB. 3.2.1 External Memory Case After reset, the TUSB3410 is disconnected from the USB. Bit 7 (CONT) in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4) is cleared. The TUSB3410 checks the I2C port for the existence of valid code; if it finds valid code, then it uploads the code from the external memory device into the RAM program space. Once loaded, the TUSB3410 connects to the USB by setting the CONT bit and enumeration and configuration are performed. This is the most likely use of the device. 3.2.2 Host Download Case If the valid code is not found at the I2C port, then the TUSB3410 connects to the USB by setting bit 7 (CONT) in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4), and then an enumeration and default configuration are performed. The host can download additional microcode into RAM to tailor the application. Then, the MCU causes a disconnect and reconnect by clearing and setting the CONT bit, which causes the TUSB3410 to be re-enumerated with a new configuration. 3.3 USB Data Movement From the USB perspective, the TUSB3410 looks like a USB peripheral device. It uses endpoint 0 as its control endpoint, as do all USB peripherals. It also configures up to three input and three output endpoints, although most applications use one bulk input endpoint for data in, one bulk output endpoint for data out, and one interrupt endpoint for status updates. The USB configuration likely remains the same regardless of the serial port configuration. Most data is moved from the USB side to the UART side and from the UART side to the USB side using on-chip DMA transfers. Some special cases may use programmed I/O under control of the MCU. 3.4 Serial Port Setup The serial port requires a few control registers to be written to configure its operation. This configuration likely remains the same regardless of the data mode used. These registers include the line control register that controls the serial word format and the divisor registers that control the baud rate. These registers are usually controlled by the host application. 3.5 Serial Port Data Modes The serial port can be configured in three different, although similar, data modes: the RS-232 data mode, the RS-485 data mode, and the IrDA data mode. Similar to the USB mode, once configured for a specific application, it is unlikely that the mode would be changed. The different modes affect the timing of the serial input and output or the use of the control signals. However, the basic serial-to-parallel conversion of the receiver and parallel-to-serial conversion of the transmitter remain the same in all modes. Some features are available in all modes, but are only applicable in certain modes. For instance, software flow control via Xoff/Xon characters can be used in all modes, but would usually only be used in RS-232 or IrDA mode because the RS-485 mode is half-duplex communication. Similarly, hardware flow control via RTS/CTS (or DTR/DSR) handshaking is available in RS-232 or IrDA mode. However, this would probably be used only in RS-232 mode, since in IrDA mode only the SIN and SOUT paths are optically coupled. Detailed Controller Description 10 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 3.5.1 RS-232 Data Mode The default mode is called the RS-232 mode and is typically used for full duplex communication on SOUT and SIN. In this mode, the modem control outputs (RTS and DTR) communicate to a modem or are general outputs. The modem control inputs (CTS, DSR, DCD, and RI/CP) communicate to a modem or are general inputs. Alternatively, RTS and CTS (or DTR and DSR) can throttle the data flow on SOUT and SIN to prevent receive FIFO overruns. Finally, software flow control via Xoff/Xon characters can be used for the same purpose. This mode represents the most general-purpose applications, and the other modes are subsets of this mode. 3.5.2 RS-485 Data Mode The RS-485 mode is very similar to the RS-232 mode in that the SOUT and SIN formats remain the same. Since RS-485 is a bus architecture, it is inherently a single duplex communication system. The TUSB3410 in RS-485 mode controls the RTS and DTR signals such that either can enable an RS-485 driver or RS-485 receiver. When in RS-485 mode, the enable signals for transmitting are automatically asserted whenever the DMA is set up for outbound data. The receiver can be left enabled while the driver is enabled to allow an echo if desired, but when receive data is expected, the driver must be disabled. Note that this precludes use of hardware flow control, since this is a half-duplex operation, it would not be effective. Software flow control is supported, but may be of limited value. The RS-485 mode is enabled by setting bit 7 (485E) in the FCRL register (see Section 7.1.4), and bit 1 (RCVE) in the MCR register (see Section 7.1.6) allows the receiver to eavesdrop while in the RS-485 mode. 3.5.3 IrDA Data Mode The IrDA mode encodes SOUT and decodes SIN in the manner prescribed by the IrDA standard, up to 115.2 kbps. Connection to an external IrDA transceiver is required. Communications is usually full duplex. Generally, in an IrDA system, only the SOUT and SIN paths are connected so hardware flow control is usually not an option. Software flow control is supported. The IrDA mode is enabled by setting bit 6 (IREN) in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4). The IR encoder and decoder circuitry work with the UART to change the serial bit stream into a series of pulses and back again. For every zero bit in the outbound serial stream, the encoder sends a low-to-high-to-low pulse with the duration of 3/16 of a bit frame at the middle of the bit time. For every one bit in the serial stream, the output remains low for the entire bit time. The decoding process consists of receiving the signal from the IrDA receiver and converting it into a series of zeroes and ones. As the converse to the encoder, the decoder converts a pulse to a zero bit and the lack of a pulse to a one bit. Detailed Controller Description SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 11 From UART MUX IR Encoder SOUT/IR_SOUT Terminal 1 0 IR_TX SOUT UART BaudOut Clock IREN (in USBCTL Register) MUX 1 0 SOFTSW (in MODECNFG Register) TXCNTL (in MODECNFG Register) MUX 1 0 CLKOUT CLKOUTEN Terminal (in MODECNFG Register) 3.556 MHz MUX 1 0 CLKSLCT (in MODECNFG Register) To UART Receiver IR Decoder IR_RX SIN/IR_SIN Terminal 3.3 V SOUT SIN Figure 3−1. RS-232 and IR Mode Select Detailed Controller Description 12 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 4 7 1 6 8 3 2 Transceivers DTR RTS DCD DSR CTS SOUT SIN P3.0 P3.1 P3.3 Serial Port GPIO Terminals for Other Onboard Control Function TUSB3410 12 MHz USB-0 DB9 Connector RI/CP P3.4 X1/CLKI X2 DP DM Figure 3−2. USB-to-Serial Implementation (RS-232) 12 MHz USB-0 RS-485 Transceiver RTS DTR SOUT SIN TUSB3410 RS-485 Bus 2-Bit Time 1-Bit Max Receiver is Disabled if RCVE = 0 SOUT DTR RTS X1/CLKI X2 DP DM Figure 3−3. RS-485 Bus Implementation MCU Memory Map SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 13 4 MCU Memory Map Figure 4−1 illustrates the MCU memory map under boot and normal operation. NOTE: The internal 256 bytes of RAM are not shown, since they are assumed to be in the standard 8052 location (0000h to 00FFh). The shaded areas represent the internal ROM/RAM. • When bit 0 (SDW) of the ROMS register is 0 (boot mode) The 10K ROM is mapped to address (0x0000−0x27FF) and is duplicated in location (0x8000−0xA7FF) in code space. The internal 16K RAM is mapped to address range (0x0000−0x3FFF) in data space. Buffers, MMR, and I/O are mapped to address range (0xF800−0xFFFF) in data space. • When bit 0 (SDW) is 1 (normal mode) The 10K ROM is mapped to (0x8000−0xA7FF) in code space. The internal 16K RAM is mapped to address range (0x0000−0x3FFF) in code space. Buffers, MMR, and I/O are mapped to address range (0xF800−0xFFFF) in data space. Normal Mode (SDW = 1) 0000h CODE XDATA 16K Code RAM Read Only 2K Data MMR 10K Boot ROM Boot Mode (SDW = 0) CODE XDATA 10K Boot ROM 2K Data MMR 10K Boot ROM (16K) Read/Write 27FFh 3FFFh 8000h A7FFh F800h FF7Fh FF80h FFFFh Figure 4−1. MCU Memory Map MCU Memory Map 14 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 4.1 Miscellaneous Registers 4.1.1 ROMS: ROM Shadow Configuration Register (Addr:FF90h) This register is used by the MCU to switch from boot mode to normal operation mode (boot mode is set on power-on reset only). In addition, this register provides the device revision number and the ROM/RAM configuration. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ROA S1 S0 RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD SDW R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 SDW 0 This bit enables/disables boot ROM. (Shadow the ROM). SDW = 0 When clear, the MCU executes from the 10K boot ROM space. The boot ROM appears in two locations: 0000h and 8000h. The 16K RAM is mapped to XDATA space; therefore, a read/write operation is possible. This bit is set by the MCU after the RAM load is completed. The MCU cannot clear this bit; it is cleared on power-up reset or watchdog time-out reset. SDW = 1 When set by the MCU, the 10K boot ROM maps to location 8000h, and the 16K RAM is mapped to code space, starting at location 0000h. At this point, the MCU executes from RAM, and the write operation is disabled (no write operation is possible in code space). 4−1 RSVD No effect These bits are always read as 0000b. 6−5 S[1:0] No effect Code space size. These bits define the ROM or RAM code-space size (bit 7 (ROA) defines ROM or RAM). These bits are permanently set to 10b, indicating 16K bytes of code space, and are not affected by reset (see Table 4−1). 00 = 4K bytes code space size 01 = 8K bytes code space size 10 = 16K bytes code space size 11 = 32K bytes code space size 7 ROA No effect ROM or RAM version. This bit indicates whether the code space is RAM or ROM based. This bit is permanently set to 1, indicating the code space is RAM, and is not affected by reset (see Table 4−1). ROA = 0 Code space is ROM ROA = 1 Code space is RAM Table 4−1. ROM/RAM Size Definition Table ROMS REGISTER BOOT ROM RAM CODE ROM CODE ROA S1 S0 0 0 0 None None 4K 0 0 1 None None 8K 0 1 0 None None 16K (reserved) 1 1 1 None None 32K (reserved) 1 0 0 10K 4K None 1 0 1 10K 8K None 1† 1† 0† 10K† 16K† None† 1 1 1 10K 32K (reserved) None † This is the hardwired setting. 4.1.2 Boot Operation (MCU Firmware Loading) Since the code space is in RAM (with the exception of the boot ROM), the TUSB3410 firmware must be loaded from an external source. Two sources are available for booting: one from an external serial EEPROM connected to the I2C bus and the other from the host via the USB. On device reset, bit 0 (SDW) in the ROMS register (see Section 4.1.1) and bit 7 (CONT) in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4) are cleared. This configures the memory space to boot mode (see Table 4−3) and keeps the device disconnected from the host. The first instruction is fetched from location 0000h (which is in the 10K ROM). The 16K RAM is mapped to XDATA space (location 0000h). The MCU executes a read from an external EEPROM and tests whether it contains the code (by testing for boot signature). If it contains the code, then the MCU reads from EEPROM MCU Memory Map SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 15 and writes to the 16K RAM in XDATA space. If it does not contain the code, then the MCU proceeds to boot from the USB. Once the code is loaded, the MCU sets the SDW bit to 1 in the ROMS register. This switches the memory map to normal mode; that is, the 16K RAM is mapped to code space, and the MCU starts executing from location 0000h. Once the switch is done, the MCU sets the CONT bit to 1 in the USBCTL register. This connects the device to the USB and results in normal USB device enumeration. 4.1.3 WDCSR: Watchdog Timer, Control, and Status Register (Addr:FF93h) A watchdog timer (WDT) with 1-ms clock is provided. If this register is not accessed for a period of 128 ms, then the WDT counter resets the MCU (see Figure 5−1). The watchdog timer is enabled by default and can be disabled by writing a pattern of 101010b into the WDD[5:0] bits. The 1-ms clock for the watchdog timer is generated from the SOF pulses. Therefore, in order for the watchdog timer to count, bit 7 (CONT) in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4) must be set. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WDD0 WDR WDD5 WDD4 WDD3 WDD2 WDD1 WDT R/W R/C R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W W/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 WDT 0 MCU must write a 1 to this bit to prevent the watchdog timer from resetting the MCU. If the MCU does not write a 1 in a period of 128 ms, the watchdog timer resets the device. Writing a 0 has no effect on the watchdog timer. (The watchdog timer is a 7-bit counter using a 1-ms CLK.) This bit is read as 0. 5−1 WDD[5:1] 00000 These bits disable the watchdog timer. For the timer to be disabled these bits must be set to 10101b and bit 7 (WDD0) must also be set to 0. If any other pattern is present, then the watchdog timer is in operation. 6 WDR 0 Watchdog reset indication bit. This bit indicates if the reset occurred due to power-on reset or watchdog timer reset. WDR = 0 A power-up reset occurred WDR = 1 A watchdog time-out reset occurred. To clear this bit, the MCU must write a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 7 WDD0 1 This bit is one of the six disable bits for the watchdog timer. This bit must be cleared in order for the watchdog timer to be disabled. 4.2 Buffers + I/O RAM Map The address range from F800h to FFFFh (2K bytes) is reserved for data buffers, setup packet, endpoint descriptors block (EDB), and all I/O. There are 128 locations reserved for memory-mapped registers (MMR). Table 4−2 represents the XDATA space allocation and access restriction for the DMA, USB buffer manager (UBM), and MCU. Table 4−2. XDATA Space DESCRIPTION ADDRESS RANGE UBM ACCESS DMA ACCESS MCU ACCESS Internal MMRs (Memory-Mapped Registers) FFFFh−FF80h No (Only EDB-0) No (only data register and EDB-0) Yes EDB (Endpoint Descriptors Block) FF7Fh−FF08h Only for EDB update Only for EDB update Yes Setup Packet FF07h−FF00h Yes No Yes Input Endpoint-0 Buffer FEFFh−FEF8h Yes Yes Yes Output Endpoint-0 Buffer FEF7h−FEF0h Yes Yes Yes Data Buffers FEEFh−F800h Yes Yes Yes MCU Memory Map 16 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Table 4−3. Memory-Mapped Registers Summary (XDATA Range = FF80h → FFFFh) ADDRESS REGISTER DESCRIPTION FFFFh FUNADR Function address register FFFEh USBSTA USB status register FFFDh USBMSK USB interrupt mask register FFFCh USBCTL USB control register FFFBh MODECNFG Mode configuration register FFFAh−FFF4h Reserved FFF3h I2CADR I2C-port address register FFF2h I2CDATI I2C-port data input register FFF1h I2CDATO I2C-port data output register FFF0h I2CSTA I2C-port status register FFEFh SERNUM7 Serial number byte 7 register FFEEh SERNUM6 Serial number byte 6 register FFEDh SERNUM5 Serial number byte 5 register FFECh SERNUM4 Serial number byte 4 register FFEBh SERNUM3 Serial number byte 3 register FFEAh SERNUM2 Serial number byte 2 register FFE9h SERNUM1 Serial number byte 1 register FFE8h SERNUM0 Serial number byte 0 register FFE7h−FFE6h Reserved FFE5h DMACSR3 DMA-3: Control and status register FFE4h DMACDR3 DMA-3: Channel definition register FFE3h−FFE2h Reserved FFE1h DMACSR1 DMA-1: Control and status register FFE0h DMACDR1 DMA-1: Channel definition register FFDFh−FFACh Reserved FFABh MASK UART: Interrupt mask register FFAAh XOFF UART: Xoff register FFA9h XON UART: Xon register FFA8h DLH UART: Divisor high-byte register FFA7h DLL UART: Divisor low-byte register FFA6h MSR UART: Modem status register FFA5h LSR UART: Line status register FFA4h MCR UART: Modem control register FFA3h FCRL UART: Flow control register FFA2h LCR UART: Line control registers FFA1h TDR UART: Transmitter data registers FFA0h RDR UART: Receiver data registers FF9Eh PUR_3 GPIO: Pullup register for port 3 MCU Memory Map SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 17 Table 4−3. Memory-Mapped Registers Summary (XDATA Range = FF80h → FFFFh) (Continued) ADDRESS REGISTER DESCRIPTION FF9Dh−FF94h FF93h Reserved WDCSR Watchdog timer control and status register FF92h VECINT Vector interrupt register FF91h Reserved FF90h ROMS ROM shadow configuration register FF8Fh−FF84h Reserved FF83h OEPBCNT_0 Output endpoint_0: Byte count register FF82h OEPCNFG_0 Output endpoint_0: Configuration register FF81h IEPBCNT_0 Input endpoint_0: Byte count register FF80h IEPCNFG_0 Input endpoint_0: Configuration register Table 4−4. EDB Memory Locations ADDRESS REGISTER DESCRIPTION FF7Fh−FF60h Reserved FF5Fh IEPSIZXY_3 Input endpoint_3: X-Y buffer size FF5Eh IEPBCTY_3 Input endpoint_3: Y-byte count FF5Dh IEPBBAY_3 Input endpoint_3: Y-buffer base address FF5Ch − Reserved FF5Bh − Reserved FF5Ah IEPBCTX_3 Input endpoint_3: X-byte count FF59h IEPBBAX Input endpoint_3: X-buffer base address FF58h IEPCNF_3 Input endpoint_3: Configuration FF57h IEPSIZXY_2 Input endpoint_2: X-Y buffer size FF56h IEPBCTY_2 Input endpoint_2: Y-byte count FF55h IEPBBAY_2 Input endpoint_2: Y-buffer base address FF54h − Reserved FF53h − Reserved FF52h IEPBCTX_2 Input endpoint_2: X-byte count FF51h IEPBBAX_2 Input endpoint_2: X-buffer base address FF50h IEPCNF_2 Input endpoint_2: Configuration FF4Fh IEPSIZXY_1 Input endpoint_1: X-Y buffer size FF4Eh IEPBCTY_1 Input endpoint_1: Y-byte count FF4Dh IEPBBAY_1 Input endpoint_1: Y-buffer base address FF4Ch − Reserved FF4Bh − Reserved FF4Ah IEPBCTX_1 Input endpoint_1: X-byte count FF49h IEPBBAX_1 Input endpoint_1: X-buffer base address FF48h IEPCNF_1 Input endpoint_1: Configuration FF47h ↑ Reserved FF20h FF1Fh OEPSIZXY_3 Output endpoint_3: X-Y buffer size FF1Eh OEPBCTY_3 Output endpoint_3: Y-byte count FF1Dh OEPBBAY_3 Output endpoint_3: Y-buffer base address FF1Bh−FF1Ch − Reserved MCU Memory Map 18 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Table 4−4. EDB Memory Locations (Continued) ADDRESS REGISTER DESCRIPTION FF1Ah OEPBCTX_3 Output endpoint_3: X-byte count FF19h OEPBBAX_3 Output endpoint_3: X-buffer base address FF18h OEPCNF_3 Output endpoint_3: Configuration FF17h OEPSIZXY_2 Output endpoint_2: X-Y buffer size FF16h OEPBCTY_2 Output endpoint_2: Y-byte count FF15h OEPBBAY_2 Output endpoint_2: Y-buffer base address FF14h−FF13h − Reserved FF12h OEPBCTX_2 Output endpoint_2: X-byte count FF11h OEPBBAX_2 Output endpoint_2: X-buffer base address FF10h OEPCNF_2 Output endpoint_2: Configuration FF0Fh OEPSIZXY_1 Output endpoint_1: X-Y buffer size FF0Eh OEPBCTY_1 Output endpoint_1: Y-byte count FF0Dh OEPBBAY_1 Output endpoint_1: Y-buffer base address FF0Ch−FF0Bh − Reserved FF0Ah OEPBCTX_1 Output endpoint_1: X-byte count FF09h OEPBBAX_1 Output endpoint_1: X-buffer base address FF08h OEPCNF_1 Output endpoint_1: Configuration FF07h ↑ (8 bytes) Setup packet block FF00h FEFFh ↑ (8 bytes) Input endpoint_0 buffer FEF8h FEF7h ↑ (8 bytes) Output endpoint_0 buffer FEF0h FEEFh TOPBUFF Top of buffer space ↑ Buffer space F800h STABUFF Start of buffer space 4.3 Endpoint Descriptor Block (EDB−1 to EDB−3) Data transfers between the USB, the MCU, and external devices that are defined by an endpoint descriptor block (EDB). Three input and three output EDBs are provided. With the exception of EDB-0 (I/O endpoint-0), all EDBs are located in SRAM as per Table 4−3. Each EDB contains information describing the X- and Y-buffers. In addition, each EDB provides general status information. Table 4−5 describes the EDB entries for EDB−1 to EDB−3. EDB−0 registers are described in Table 4−6. MCU Memory Map SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 19 Table 4−5. Endpoint Registers and Offsets in RAM (n = 1 to 3) OFFSET ENTRY NAME DESCRIPTION 07 EPSIZXY_n I/O endpoint_n: X/Y-buffer size 06 EPBCTY_n I/O endpoint_n: Y-byte count 05 EPBBAY_n I/O endpoint_n: Y-buffer base address 04 SPARE Not used 03 SPARE Not used 02 EPBCTX_n I/O endpoint_n: X-byte count 01 EPBBAX_n I/O endpoint_n: X-buffer base address 00 EPCNF_n I/O endpoint_n: Configuration Table 4−6. Endpoint Registers Base Addresses BASE ADDRESS DESCRIPTION FF08h Output endpoint 1 FF10h Output endpoint 2 FF18h Output endpoint 3 FF48h Input endpoint 1 FF50h Input endpoint 2 FF58h Input endpoint 3 4.3.1 OEPCNF_n: Output Endpoint Configuration (n = 1 to 3) (Base Addr: FF08h, FF10h, FF18h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UBME ISO=0 TOGLE DBUF STALL USBIE RSV RSV R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 1−0 RSV x Reserved = 0 2 USBIE x USB interrupt enable on transaction completion. Set/cleared by the MCU. USBIE = 0 No interrupt on transaction completion USBIE = 1 Interrupt on transaction completion 3 STALL 0 USB stall condition indication. Set/cleared by the MCU. STALL = 0 STALL = 1 No stall USB stall condition. If set by the MCU, then a STALL handshake is initiated and the bit is cleared by the MCU. 4 DBUF x Double-buffer enable. Set/cleared by the MCU. DBUF = 0 Primary buffer only (X-buffer only) DBUF = 1 Toggle bit selects buffer 5 TOGLE x USB toggle bit. This bit reflects the toggle sequence bit of DATA0, DATA1. 6 ISO x ISO = 0 Nonisochronous transfer. This bit must be cleared by the MCU since only nonisochronous transfer is supported. 7 UBME x USB buffer manager (UBM) enable/disable bit. Set/cleared by the MCU. UBME = 0 UBM cannot use this endpoint UBME = 1 UBM can use this endpoint 4.3.2 OEPBBAX_n: Output Endpoint X-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 A[10:3] x A[10:3] of X-buffer base address (padded with 3 LSBs of zeros for a total of 11 bits). This value is set by the MCU. The UBM or DMA uses this value as the start-address of a given transaction. Note that the UBM or DMA does not change this value at the end of a transaction. MCU Memory Map 20 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 4.3.3 OEPBCTX_n: Output Endpoint X Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 2) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAK C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 C[6:0] x X-buffer byte count: X000.0000b Count = 0 X000.0001b Count = 1 byte : : X011.1111b Count = 63 bytes X100.0000b Count = 64 bytes Any value ≥ 100.0001b may result in unpredictable results. 7 NAK x NAK = 0 NAK = 1 No valid data in buffer. Ready for host OUT Buffer contains a valid packet from host (gives NAK response to Host OUT request) 4.3.4 OEPBBAY_n: Output Endpoint Y-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 5) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 A[10:3] x A[10:3] of Y-buffer base address (padded with 3 LSBs of zeros for a total of 11 bits). This value is set by the MCU. The UBM or DMA uses this value as the start-address of a given transaction. Furthermore, UBM or DMA does not change this value at the end of a transaction. 4.3.5 OEPBCTY_n: Output Endpoint Y-Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 6) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAK C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 C[6:0] x Y-byte count: X000.0000b Count = 0 X000.0001b Count = 1 byte : : X011.1111b Count = 63 bytes X100.0000b Count = 64 bytes Any value ≥ 100.0001b may result in unpredictable results. 7 NAK x NAK = 0 NAK = 1 No valid data in buffer. Ready for host OUT Buffer contains a valid packet from host (gives NAK response to Host OUT request) MCU Memory Map SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 21 4.3.6 OEPSIZXY_n: Output Endpoint X-/Y-Buffer Size (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 7) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 S[6:0] x X- and Y-buffer size: 0000.0000b Size = 0 0000.0001b Size = 1 byte : : 0011.1111b Size = 63 bytes 0100.0000b Size = 64 bytes Any value ≥ 100.0001b may result in unpredictable results. 7 RSV x Reserved = 0 4.3.7 IEPCNF_n: Input Endpoint Configuration (n = 1 to 3) (Base Addr: FF48h, FF50h, FF58h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UBME ISO=0 TOGLE DBUF STALL USBIE RSV RSV R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 1−0 RSV x Reserved = 0 2 USBIE x USB interrupt enable on transaction completion USBIE = 0 No interrupt on transaction completion USBIE = 1 Interrupt on transaction completion 3 STALL 0 USB stall condition indication. Set by the UBM but can be set/cleared by the MCU STALL = 0 No stall STALL = 1 USB stall condition. If set by the MCU, then a STALL handshake is initiated and the bit is cleared automatically. 4 DBUF x Double buffer enable DBUF = 0 Primary buffer only (X-buffer only) DBUF = 1 Toggle bit selects buffer 5 TOGLE x USB toggle bit. This bit reflects the toggle sequence bit of DATA0, DATA1 6 ISO x ISO = 0 Nonisochronous transfer. This bit must be cleared by the MCU since only nonisochronous transfer is supported 7 UBME x UBM enable/disable bit. Set/cleared by the MCU UBME = 0 UBM cannot use this endpoint UBME = 1 UBM can use this endpoint 4.3.8 IEPBBAX_n: Input Endpoint X-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 A[10:3] x A[10:3] of X-buffer base address (padded with 3 LSBs of zeros for a total of 11 bits). This value is set by the MCU. The UBM or DMA uses this value as the start-address of a given transaction, but note that the UBM or DMA does not change this value at the end of a transaction. MCU Memory Map 22 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 4.3.9 IEPBCTX_n: Input Endpoint X-Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 2) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAK C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 C[6:0] x X-Buffer byte count: X000.0000b Count = 0 X000.0001b Count = 1 byte : : X011.1111b Count = 63 bytes X100.0000b Count = 64 bytes Any value ≥ 100.0001b may result in unpredictable results. 7 NAK x NAK = 0 NAK = 1 Buffer contains a valid packet for host-IN transaction Buffer is empty (gives NAK response to host-IN request) 4.3.10 IEPBBAY_n: Input Endpoint Y-Buffer Base Address (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 5) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 A[10:3] x A[10:3] of Y-buffer base address (padded with 3 LSBs of zeros for a total of 11 bits). This value is set by the MCU. The UBM or DMA uses this value as the start-address of a given transaction, but note that the UBM or DMA does not change this value at the end of a transaction. 4.3.11 IEPBCTY_n: Input Endpoint Y-Byte Count (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 6) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAK C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 C[6:0] x Y-Byte count: X000.0000b Count = 0 X000.0001b Count = 1 byte : : X011.1111b Count = 63 bytes X100.0000b Count = 64 bytes Any value ≥ 100.0001b may result in unpredictable results. 7 NAK x NAK = 0 NAK = 1 Buffer contains a valid packet for host-IN transaction Buffer is empty (gives NAK response to host-IN request) MCU Memory Map SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 23 4.3.12 IEPSIZXY_n: Input Endpoint X-/Y-Buffer Size (n = 1 to 3) (Offset 7) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 S[6:0] x X- and Y-buffer size: 0000.0000b Size = 0 0000.0001b Size = 1 byte : : 0011.1111b Size = 63 bytes 0100.0000b Size = 64 bytes Any value ≥ 100.0001b may result in unpredictable results. 7 RSV x Reserved = 0 4.4 Endpoint-0 Descriptor Registers Unlike registers EDB-1 to EDB-3, which are defined as memory entries in SRAM, endpoint-0 is described by a set of four registers (two for output and two for input). The registers and their respective addresses, used for EDB-0 description, are defined in Table 4−7. EDB-0 has no buffer base-address register, since these addresses are hardwired to FEF8h and FEF0h. Note that the bit positions have been preserved to provide consistency with EDB-n (n = 1 to 3). Table 4−7. Input/Output EDB-0 Registers ADDRESS REGISTER NAME DESCRIPTION BUFFER BASE ADDRESS FF83h FF82h OEPBCNT_0 OEPCNFG_0 Output endpoint_0: Byte count register Output endpoint_0: Configuration register FEF0h FF81h FF80h IEPBCNT_0 IEPCNFG_0 Input endpoint_0: Byte count register Input endpoint_0: Configuration register FEF8h 4.4.1 IEPCNFG_0: Input Endpoint-0 Configuration Register (Addr:FF80h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UBME RSV TOGLE RSV STALL USBIE RSV RSV R/W R/O R/O R/O R/W R/W R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 1−0 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 2 USBIE 0 USB interrupt enable on transaction completion. Set/cleared by the MCU. USBIE = 0 No interrupt USBIE = 1 Interrupt on transaction completion 3 STALL 0 USB stall condition indication. Set/cleared by the MCU STALL = 0 No stall STALL = 1 USB stall condition. If set by the MCU, then a STALL handshake is initiated and the bit is cleared automatically by the next setup transaction. 4 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 5 TOGLE 0 USB toggle bit. This bit reflects the toggle sequence bit of DATA0, DATA1. 6 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 7 UBME 0 UBM enable/disable bit. Set/cleared by the MCU UBME = 0 UBM cannot use this endpoint UBME = 1 UBM can use this endpoint MCU Memory Map 24 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 4.4.2 IEPBCNT_0: Input Endpoint-0 Byte Count Register (Addr:FF81h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAK RSV RSV RSV C3 C2 C1 C0 R/W R/O R/O R/O R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 3−0 C[3:0] 0h Byte count: 0000b Count = 0 : : 0111b Count = 7 1000b Count = 8 1001b to 1111b are reserved. (If used, they default to 8) 6−4 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 7 NAK 1 NAK = 0 NAK = 1 Buffer contains a valid packet for host-IN transaction Buffer is empty (gives NAK response to host-IN request) 4.4.3 OEPCNFG_0: Output Endpoint-0 Configuration Register (Addr:FF82h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UBME RSV TOGLE RSV STALL USBIE RSV RSV R/W R/O R/O R/O R/W R/W R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 1−0 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 2 USBIE 0 USB interrupt enable on transaction completion. Set/cleared by the MCU. USBIE = 0 No interrupt on transaction completion USBIE = 1 Interrupt on transaction completion 3 STALL 0 USB stall condition indication. Set/cleared by the MCU STALL = 0 No stall STALL = 1 USB stall condition. If set by the MCU, a STALL handshake is initiated and the bit is cleared automatically. 4 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 5 TOGLE 0 USB \toggle bit. This bit reflects the toggle sequence bit of DATA0, DATA1. 6 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 7 UBME 0 UBM enable/disable bit. Set/cleared by the MCU UBME = 0 UBM cannot use this endpoint UBME = 1 UBM can use this endpoint 4.4.4 OEPBCNT_0: Output Endpoint-0 Byte Count Register (Addr:FF83h) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAK RSV RSV RSV C3 C2 C1 C0 R/W R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 3−0 C[3:0] 0h Byte count: 0000b Count = 0 : : 0111b Count = 7 1000b Count = 8 1001b to 1111b are reserved 6−4 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 7 NAK 1 NAK =0 NAK = 1 No valid data in buffer. Ready for host OUT Buffer contains a valid packet from host (gives NAK response to host-OUT request). USB Registers SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 25 5 USB Registers 5.1 FUNADR: Function Address Register (Addr:FFFFh) This register contains the device function address. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV FA6 FA5 FA4 FA3 FA2 FA1 FA0 R/O R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 6−0 FA[6:0] 0 These bits define the current device address assigned to the function. The MCU writes a value to this register because of the SET-ADDRESS host command. 7 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 5.2 USBSTA: USB Status Register (Addr:FFFEh) All bits in this register are set by the hardware and are cleared by the MCU when writing a 1 to the proper bit location (writing a 0 has no effect). In addition, each bit can generate an interrupt if its corresponding mask bit is set (R/C notation indicates read and clear only by the MCU). 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSTR SUSR RESR RSV URRI SETUP WAKEUP STPOW R/C R/C R/C R/O R/C R/C R/C R/C BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 STPOW 0 SETUP overwrite bit. Set by hardware when a setup packet is received while there is already a packet in the setup buffer. STPOW = 0 STPOW = 1 MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). SETUP overwrite 1 WAKEUP 0 Remote wakeup bit WAKEUP = 0 WAKEUP = 1 The MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). Remote wakeup request from WAKEUP terminal 2 SETUP 0 SETUP transaction received bit. As long as SETUP is 1, IN and OUT on endpoint-0 are NAKed, regardless of their real NAK bits value. SETUP = 0 SETUP = 1 MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). SETUP transaction received 3 URRI 0 UART RI (ring indicate) status bit – a rising edge causes this bit to be set. URRI = 0 URRI = 1 The MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). Ring detected, which is used to wake the chip up (bring it out of suspend). 4 RSV 0 Reserved 5 RESR 0 Function resume request bit RESR = 0 RESR = 1 The MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). Function resume is detected 6 SUSR 0 Function suspended request bit. This bit is set in response to a global or selective suspend condition. SUSR = 0 SUSR = 1 The MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). Function suspend is detected 7 RSTR 0 Function reset request bit. This bit is set in response to the USB host initiating a port reset. This bit is not affected by the USB function reset. RSTR = 0 RSTR = 1 The MCU can clear this bit by writing a 1 (writing 0 has no effect). Function reset is detected USB Registers 26 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 5.3 USBMSK: USB Interrupt Mask Register (Addr:FFFDh) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSTR SUSR RESR RSV URRI SETUP WAKEUP STPOW R/W R/W R/W R/O R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 STPOW 0 SETUP overwrite interrupt-enable bit STPOW = 0 STPOW = 1 STPOW interrupt disabled STPOW interrupt enabled 1 WAKEUP 0 Remote wakeup interrupt enable bit WAKEUP = 0 WAKEUP = 1 WAKEUP interrupt disable WAKEUP interrupt enable 2 SETUP 0 SETUP interrupt enable bit SETUP = 0 SETUP = 1 SETUP interrupt disabled SETUP interrupt enabled 3 URRI 0 UART RI interrupt enable bit URRI = 0 URRI = 1 UART RI interrupt disable UART RI interrupt enable 4 RSV 0 Reserved 5 RESR 0 Function resume interrupt enable bit RESR = 0 RESR = 1 Function resume interrupt disabled Function resume interrupt enabled 6 SUSR 0 Function suspend interrupt enable SUSR = 0 SUSR = 1 Function suspend interrupt disabled Function suspend interrupt enabled 7 RSTR 0 Function reset interrupt bit. This bit is not affected by USB function reset. RSTR = 0 RSTR = 1 Function reset interrupt disabled Function reset interrupt enabled USB Registers SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 27 5.4 USBCTL: USB Control Register (Addr:FFFCh) Unlike the rest of the registers, this register is cleared by the power-up reset signal only. The USB reset cannot reset this register (see Figure 5−1). 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CONT IREN RWUP FRSTE RSV RSV SIR DIR R/W R/W R/C R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET 0 DIR 0 As a response to a setup packet, the MCU decodes the request and sets/clears this bit to reflect the data transfer direction. DIR = 0 DIR = 1 USB data-OUT transaction (from host to TUSB3410) USB data-IN transaction (from TUSB3410 to host) 1 SIR 0 SETUP interrupt-status bit. This bit is controlled by the MCU to indicate to the hardware when the SETUP interrupt is being serviced. SIR = 0 SIR = 1 SETUP interrupt is not served. The MCU clears this bit before exiting the SETUP interrupt routine. SETUP interrupt is in progress. The MCU sets this bit when servicing the SETUP interrupt. 2 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 3 RSV 0 This bit must always be written as 0. 4 FRSTE 1 Function reset-connection bit. This bit connects/disconnects the USB function reset to/from the MCU reset. FRSTE = 0 FRSTE = 1 Function reset is not connected to MCU reset Function reset is connected to MCU reset 5 RWUP 0 Device remote wakeup request. This bit is set by the MCU and is cleared automatically. RWUP = 0 RWUP = 1 Writing a 0 to this bit has no effect When MCU writes a 1, a remote-wakeup pulse is generated. 6 IREN 0 IR mode enable. This bit is set and cleared by firmware. IREN = 0 IREN = 1 IR encoder/decoder is disabled, UART mode is selected IR encoder/decoder is enabled, UART mode is deselected 7 CONT 0 Connect/disconnect bit CONT = 0 CONT = 1 Upstream port is disconnected. Pullup disabled. Upstream port is connected. Pullup enabled. 5.5 MODECNFG: Mode Configuration Register (Addr:FFFBh) This register is cleared by the power-up reset signal only. The USB reset cannot reset this register. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV RSV RSV RSV CLKSLCT CLKOUTEN SOFTSW TXCNTL R/O R/O R/O R/O R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 TXCNTL 0 Transmit output control: Hardware or firmware switching select for 3-state serial output buffer. TXCNTL = 0 TXCNTL = 1 Hardware automatic switching is selected Firmware toggle switching is selected 1 SOFTSW 0 Soft switch: Firmware controllable 3-state output buffer enable for serial output terminal. SOFTSW = 0 SOFTSW = 1 Serial output buffer is enabled Serial output buffer is disabled 2 CLKOUTEN 0 Clock output enable: Enables/disables the clock output at CLKOUT terminal. CLKOUTEN = 0 CLKOUTEN = 1 Clock output is disabled. Device drives low at CLKOUT terminal. Clock output is enabled 3 CLKSLCT 0 Clock output source select: Selects between 3.556-MHz fixed clock or UART baud out clock as output clock source. CLKSLCT = 0 CLKSLCT = 1 UART baud out clock is selected as clock output Fixed 3.556-MHz free running clock is selected as clock output 4−7 RSV 0 Reserved USB Registers 28 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Clock Output Control Bit 2 (CLKOUTEN) in the MODECNFG register enables or disables the clock output at the CLKOUT terminal of the TUSB3410. The power up default of CLKOUT is disabled. Firmware can write a 1 to enable the clock output if needed. Bit 3 (CLKSLCT) in the MODECNFG register selects the output clock source from either a fixed 3.556-MHz free-running clock or the UART BaudOut clock. 5.6 Vendor ID/Product ID USB−IF and Microsoft WHQL certification requires that end equipment makers use their own unique vendor ID and product ID for each product (model). OEMs cannot use silicon vendor’s (for instance, TI’s default) VID/PID in their end products. A unique VID/PID combination will avoid potential driver conflicts and enable logo certification. See www.usb.org for more information. 5.7 SERNUM7: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 7) (Addr:FFEFh) Each TUSB3410 device has a unique 64-bit serial die id number, which is generated during manufacturing. The die id is incremented sequentially, however there is no assurance that numbers will not be skipped. The device serial number registers mirror this unique 64-bit serial die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM7) contains the most significant byte (byte 7) of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D63 D62 D61 D60 D59 D58 D57 D56 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[63:56] Device serial number byte 7 value Device serial number byte 7 value Procedure to load device serial number value in shared RAM: • After power-up reset, the boot code copies the predefined USB descriptors to shared RAM. As a result, the default serial number hard-coded in the boot code (0x00 hex) is copied to the shared RAM data space. • The boot code checks to see if an EEPROM is present on the I2C port. If an EEPROM is present and contains a valid device serial number as part of the USB device descriptor information stored in EEPROM, then the boot code overwrites the serial number value stored in shared RAM with the one found in EEPROM. Otherwise, the device serial number value stored in shared RAM remains unchanged. If firmware is stored in the EEPROM, then it is executed. This firmware can read the SERNUM7 through SERNUM0 registers and overwrite the serial number stored in RAM or store a custom number in RAM. • In summary, the serial number value in external EEPROM has the highest priority to be loaded into shared RAM data space. The serial number value stored in shared RAM is used as part of the valid device descriptor information during normal operation. USB Registers SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 29 5.8 SERNUM6: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 6) (Addr:FFEEh) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM6) contains byte 6 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D55 D54 D53 D52 D51 D50 D49 D48 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[55:48] Device serial number byte 6 value Device serial number byte 6 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. 5.9 SERNUM5: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 5) (Addr:FFEDh) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM5) contains byte 5 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D47 D46 D45 D44 D43 D42 D41 D40 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[47:40] Device serial number byte 5 value Device serial number byte 5 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. 5.10 SERNUM4: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 4) (Addr:FFECh) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM4) contains byte 4 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D39 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[39:32] Device serial number byte 4 value Device serial number byte 4 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. 5.11 SERNUM3: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 3) (Addr:FFEBh) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM3) contains byte 3 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[31:24] Device serial number byte 3 value Device serial number byte 3 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. USB Registers 30 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 5.12 SERNUM2: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 2) (Addr:FFEAh) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM2) contains byte 2 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[23:16] 0 Device serial number byte 2 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. 5.13 SERNUM1: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 1) (Addr:FFE9h) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM1) contains byte 1 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[15:8] Device serial number byte 1 value Device serial number byte 1 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. 5.14 SERNUM0: Device Serial Number Register (Byte 0) (Addr:FFE8h) The device serial number registers mirror the unique 64-bit die id value. After power-up reset, this read-only register (SERNUM0) contains byte 0 of the complete 64-bit device serial number. This register cannot be reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] Device serial number byte 0 value Device serial number byte 0 value NOTE: See the procedure described in the SERNUM7 register (see Section 5.7) to load the device serial number into shared RAM. USB Registers SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 31 5.15 Function Reset And Power-Up Reset Interconnect Figure 5−1 represents the logical connection of the USB-function reset (USBR) signal and the power-up reset (RESET) terminal. The internal RESET signal is generated from the RESET terminal (PURS signal) or from the USB reset (USBR signal). The USBR can be enabled or disabled by bit 4 (FRSTE) in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4) (on power up, FRSTE = 0). The internal RESET is used to reset all registers and logic, with the exception of the USBCTL and MODECNFG registers which are cleared by the PURS signal only. USBCTL Register MODECNFG Register PURS USBR RESET MCU FRSTE USB Function Reset To Internal MMRs RESET G2 WDD[5:0] WDT Reset Figure 5−1. Reset Diagram 5.16 Pullup Resistor Connect/Disconnect The TUSB3410 enumeration can be activated by the MCU (there is no need to disconnect the cable physically). Figure 5−2 represents the implementation of the TUSB3410 connect and disconnect from a USB up-stream port. When bit 7 (CONT) is 1 in the USBCTL register (see Section 5.4), the CMOS driver sources VDD to the pullup resistor (PUR terminal) presenting a normal connect condition to the USB host. When CONT is 0, the PUR terminal is driven low. In this state, the 1.5-kΩ resistor is connected to GND, resulting in the device disconnection state. The PUR driver is a CMOS driver that can provide (VDD − 0.1 V) minimum at 8-mA source current. HOST D+ D− 15 kΩ TUSB3410 1.5 kΩ CMOS PUR CONT Bit DP0 DM0 Figure 5−2. Pullup Resistor Connect/Disconnect Circuit USB Registers 32 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 DMA Controller SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 33 6 DMA Controller Table 6−1 outlines the DMA channels and their associated transfer directions. Two channels are provided for data transfer between the host and the UART. Table 6−1. DMA Controller Registers DMA CHANNEL TRANSFER DIRECTION COMMENTS DMA−1 Host to UART DMA writes to UART TDR register DMA−3 UART to host DMA reads from UART RDR register 6.1 DMA Controller Registers Each DMA channel can point to one of three EDBs (EDB-1 to EDB-3) and transfer data to/from the UART channel. The DMA can move data from a given out-point buffer (defined by the EDB) to the destination port. Similarly, the DMA can move data from a port to a given input-endpoint buffer. At the end of a block transfer, the DMA updates the byte count and bit 7 (NAK) in the EDB (see Section 4.3) when receiving. In addition, it uses bit 4 (XY) in the DMACDR register to switch automatically, without interrupting the MCU (the XY bit toggle is performed by the UBM). The DMA stops only when a time-out or error condition occurs. When the DMA is transmitting (from the X/Y buffer) it continues alternating between X/Y buffers until it detects a byte count smaller than the buffer size (buffer size is typically 64 bytes). At that point it completes the transfer and stops. DMA Controller 34 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 6.1.1 DMACDR1: DMA Channel Definition Register (UART Transmit Channel) (Addr:FFE0h) These registers define the EDB number that the DMA uses for data transfer to the UARTS. In addition, these registers define the data transfer direction and selects X or Y as the transaction buffer. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EN INE CNT XY T/R E2 E1 E0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/O R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 2−0 E[2:0] 0 Endpoint descriptor pointer. This field points to a set of EDB registers that is to be used for a given transfer. 3 T/R 0 This bit is always 1, indicating that the DMA data transfer is from SRAM to the UART TDR register (see Section 7.1.2). (The MCU cannot change this bit.) 4 XY 0 X/Y buffer select bit. XY = 0 XY = 1 Next buffer to transmit/receive is the X buffer Next buffer to transmit/receive is the Y buffer 5 CNT 0 DMA continuous transfer control bit. This bit defines the mode of the DMA transfer. This bit must always be written as 1. In this mode, the DMA and UBM alternate between the X- and Y-buffers. The DMA sets bit 4 (XY) and the UBM uses it for the transfer. The DMA alternates between the X-/Y-buffers and continues transmitting (from X-/Y-buffer) without MCU intervention. The DMA terminates, and interrupts the MCU, under the following conditions: 1. When the UBM byte count < buffer size (in EDB), the DMA transfers the partial packet and interrupt the MCU on completion. 2. Transaction timer expires. The DMA interrupts the MCU. 6 INE 0 DMA Interrupt enable/disable bit. This bit enables/disables the interrupt on transfer completion. INE = 0 Interrupt is disabled. In addition, bit 0 (PPKT) in the DMACSR1 register (see Section 6.1.2) does not clear bit 7 (EN) and the DMAC is not disabled. INE = 1 Enables the EN interrupt. When this bit is set, the DMA interrupts the MCU on a 1 to 0 transition of the bit 7 (EN). (When transfer is completed, EN = 0.) 7 EN 0 DMA channel enable bit. The MCU sets this bit to start the DMA transfer. When the transfer completes, or when it is terminated due to error, this bit is cleared. The 1 to 0 transition of this bit generates an interrupt (if the interrupt is enabled). EN = 0 DMA is halted. The DMA is halted when the byte count reaches zero or transaction time-out occurs. When halted, the DMA updates the byte count, sets NAK = 0 in the output endpoint byte count register, and interrupts the MCU (if bit 6 (INE) = 1). EN = 1 Setting this bit starts the DMA transfer. 6.1.2 DMACSR1: DMA Control And Status Register (UART Transmit Channel) (Addr:FFE1h) This register defines the transaction time-out value. In addition, it contains a completion code that reports any errors or a time-out condition. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PPKT R R R R R R R R/C BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 PPKT 0 Partial packet condition bit. This bit is set by the DMA and cleared by the MCU. PPKT = 0 No partial-packet condition PPKT = 1 Partial-packet condition detected. When INE = 0, this bit does not clear bit 7 (EN) in the DMACDR1 register; therefore, the DMAC stays enabled, ready for the next transaction. Clears when MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 7−1 − 0 These bits are read-only and return 0s when read. DMA Controller SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 35 6.1.3 DMACDR3: DMA Channel Definition Register (UART Receive Channel) (Addr:FFE4h) These registers define the EDB number that the DMA uses for data transfer from the UARTS. In addition, these registers define the data transfer direction and selects X or Y as the transaction buffer. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EN INE CNT XY T/R E2 E1 E0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/O R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 2−0 E[2:0] 0 Endpoint descriptor pointer. This field points to a set of EDB registers that are used for a given transfer. 3 T/R 1 This bit is always read as 1. This bit must be written as 0 to update the X/Y buffer bit (bit 4 in this register) which must only be performed in burst mode. 4 XY 0 X/Y buffer select bit. XY = 0 XY = 1 Next buffer to transmit/receive is X Next buffer to transmit/receive is Y 5 CNT 0 DMA continuous transfer control bit. This bit defines the mode of the DMA transfer. This bit must always be written as 1. In this mode, the DMA and UBM alternate between the X- and Y-buffers. The UBM sets bit 4 (XY) and the DMA uses it for the transfer. The DMA alternates between the X-/Y-buffers and continues receiving (to X-/Y-buffer) without MCU intervention. The DMA terminates the transfer and interrupts the MCU, under the following conditions: 1. Transaction time-out expired: DMA updates EDB and interrupts the MCU. UBM transfers the partial packet to the host. 2. UART receiver error condition: DMA updates EDB and does not interrupt the MCU. UBM transfers the partial packet to the host. 6 INE 0 DMA interrupt enable/disable bit. This bit enables/disables the interrupt on transfer completion. INE = 0 Interrupt is disabled. In addition, bit 0 (OVRUN) and bit 1 (TXFT) in the DMACSR3 register (see Section 6.1.4) do not clear bit 7 (EN) and the DMAC is not disabled. INE = 1 Enables the EN interrupt. When this bit is set, the DMA interrupts the MCU on a 1-to-0 transition of bit 7 (EN). (When transfer is completed, EN = 0). 7 EN 0 DMA channel enable bit. The MCU sets this bit to start the DMA transfer. When transfer completes, or when terminated due to error, this bit is cleared. The 1-to-0 transition of this bit generates an interrupt (if the interrupt is enabled). EN = 0 DMA is halted. The DMA is halted when transaction time-out occurs, or under a UART receiver-error condition. When halted, the DMA updates the byte count and sets NAK = 0 in the input endpoint byte count register. If the termination is due to transaction time-out, then the DMA generates an interrupt. However, if the termination is due to a UART error condition, then the DMA does not generate an interrupt. (The UART generates the interrupt.) EN = 1 Setting this bit starts the DMA transfer. DMA Controller 36 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 6.1.4 DMACSR3: DMA Control And Status Register (UART Receive Channel) (Addr:FFE5h) This register defines the transaction time-out value. In addition, it contains a completion code that reports any errors or a time-out condition. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TEN C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 TXFT OVRUN R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/C R/C BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 OVRUN 0 Overrun condition bit. This bit is set by DMA and cleared by the MCU (see Table 6−2) OVRUN = 0 No overrun condition OVRUN = 1 Overrun condition detected. When IEN = 0, this bit does not clear bit 7 (EN) in the DMACDR register; therefore, the DMAC stays enabled, ready for the next transaction. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 1 TXFT 0 Transfer time-out condition bit (see Table 6−2) TXFT = 0 DMA stopped transfer without time-out TXFT =1 DMA stopped due to transaction time-out. When IEN = 0, this bit does not clear bit 7 (EN) in the DMACDR3 register (see Section 6.1.3); therefore, the DMAC stays enabled, ready for the next transaction. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 6−2 C[4:0] 00000b This field defines the transaction time-out value in 1-ms increments. This value is loaded to a down counter every time a byte transfer occurs. The down counter is decremented every SOF pulse (1 ms). If the counter decrements to zero, then it sets bit 1 (TXFT) = 1 and halts the DMA transfer. The counter starts counting only when bit 7 (TEN) = 1 and bit 7 (EN) = 1 in the DMACDR3 register and the first byte has been received. 00000 = 0-ms time-out : : 11111 = 31-ms time-out 7 TEN 0 Transaction time-out counter enable/disable bit TEN = 0 TEN = 1 Counter is disabled (does not time-out) Counter is enabled Table 6−2. DMA IN-Termination Condition IN TERMINATION TXFT OVRUN COMMENTS UART error 0 0 UART error condition detected UART partial packet 1 0 This condition occurs when UART receiver has no more data for the host (data starvation). UART overrun 1 1 This condition occurs when X- and Y-input buffers are full and the UART FIFO is full (host is busy). 6.2 Bulk Data I/O Using the EDB The UBM (USB buffer manager) and the DMAC (DMA controller) access the EDB to fetch buffer parameters for IN and OUT transactions (IN and OUT are with respect to host). In this discussion, it is assumed that: • The MCU initialized the EDBs • DMA-continuous mode is being used • Double buffering is being used • The X/Y toggle is controlled by the UBM DMA Controller SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 37 6.2.1 IN Transaction (TUSB3410 to Host) 1. The MCU initializes the IEDB (64-byte packet, and double buffering is used) and the following DMA registers: • DMACSR3: Defines the transaction time-out value. • DMACDR3: Defines the IEDB being used and the DMA mode of operation (continuous mode). Once this register is set with EN = 1, the transfer starts. 2. The DMA transfers data from the UART to the X buffer. When a block of 64 bytes is transferred, the DMA updates the byte count and sets NAK to 0 in the input endpoint byte count register (indicating to the UBM that the X buffer is ready to be transferred to host). The UBM starts X-buffer transfer to host using the byte-count value in the input endpoint byte count register and toggles the X/Y bit. The DMA continues transferring data from a device to Y-buffer. At the end of the block transfer, the DMA updates the byte count and sets NAK to 0 in the input endpoint byte count register (indicating to the UBM that the Y-buffer is ready to be transferred to host). The DMA continues the transfer from the device to host, alternating between X-and Y-buffers without MCU intervention. 3. Transfer termination: As mentioned, the DMA/UBM continues the data transfer, alternating between the X- and Y-buffers. Termination of the transfer can happen under the following conditions: • Stop Transfer: The host notifies the MCU (via control-end-point) to stop the transfer. Under this condition, the MCU sets bit 7 (EN) to 0 in the DMACDR register. • Partial Packet: The device receiver has no data to be transferred to host. Under this condition, the byte-count value is less than 64 when the transaction timer time-out occurs. When the DMA detects this condition, it sets bit 1 (TXFT) to 1 and bit 0 (OVRUN) to 0 in the DMACSR3 register, updates the byte count and NAK bit in the the input endpoint byte count register, and interrupts the MCU. The UBM transfers the partial packet to host. • Buffer Overrun: The host is busy, X- and Y-buffers are full (X-NAK = 0 and Y-NAK = 0), and the DMA cannot write to these buffers. The transaction time-out stops the DMA transfer, the DMA sets bit 1 (TXFT) to 1 and bit 0 (OVRUN) to 1 in the DMACSR3 register, and interrupts the MCU. • UART Error Condition: When receiving from a UART, a receiver-error condition stops the DMA and sets bit 1 (TXFT) to 1 and bit 0 (OVRUN) to 0 in the DMACSR3 register, but the EN bit remains set at 1. Therefore, the DMA does not interrupt the MCU. However, the UART generates a status interrupt, notifying the MCU that an error condition has occurred. DMA Controller 38 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 6.2.2 OUT Transaction (Host to TUSB3410) 1. The MCU initializes the OEDB (64-byte packet, and double buffering is used) and the following DMA registers: • DMACSR1: Provides an indication of a partial packet. • DMACDR1: Defines the output endpoint being used, and the DMA mode of operation (continuous mode). Once the EN bit is set to 1 in this register, the transfer starts. 2. The UBM transfers data from host to X-buffer. When a block of 64 bytes is transferred, the UBM updates the byte count and sets NAK to 1 in the output endpoint byte count register (indicating to DMA that the X-buffer is ready to be transferred to the UART). The DMA starts X-buffer transfer using the byte-count value in the output endpoint byte count register. The UBM continues transferring data from host to Y-buffer. At the end of the block transfer, the UBM updates the byte count and sets NAK to 1 in the output endpoint byte count register (indicating to DMA that the Y-buffer is ready to be transferred to device). The DMA continues the transfer from the X-/Y-buffers to the device, alternating between X- and Y-buffers without MCU intervention. 3. Transfer termination: The DMA/UBM continues the data transfer alternating between X- and Y-buffers. The termination of the transfer can happen under the following conditions: • Stop Transfer: The host notifies the MCU (via control-end point) to stop the transfer. Under this condition, the MCU sets EN to 0 in the DMACDR1 register. • Partial-Packet: UBM receives a partial packet from host. Under this condition, the byte-count value is less than 64. When the DMA detects this condition, it transfers the partial packet to the device, sets PPKT to 1, updates NAK to 0 in the output endpoint byte count register, and interrupts the MCU. UART SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 39 7 UART 7.1 UART Registers Table 7−1 summarizes the UART registers. These registers are used for data I/O, control, and status information. UART setup is done by the MCU. Data transfer is typically performed by the DMAC. However, the MCU can perform data transfer without a DMA; this is useful when debugging the firmware. Table 7−1. UART Registers Summary REGISTER ADDRESS REGISTER NAME ACCESS FUNCTION COMMENTS FFA0h RDR R/O UART receiver data register Can be accessed by MCU or DMA FFA1h TDR W/O UART transmitter data register Can be accessed by MCU or DMA FFA2h LCR R/W UART line control register FFA3h FCRL R/W UART flow control register FFA4h MCR R/W UART modem control register FFA5h LSR R/O UART line status register Can generate an interrupt FFA6h MSR R/O UART modem status register Can generate an interrupt FFA7h DLL R/W UART divisor register (low byte) FFA8h DLH R/W UART divisor register (high byte) FFA9h XON R/W UART Xon register FFAAh XOFF R/W UART Xoff register FFABh MASK R/W UART interrupt mask register Can control three interrupt sources 7.1.1 RDR: Receiver Data Register (Addr:FFA0h) The receiver data register consists of a 32-byte FIFO. Data received via the SIN terminal is converted from serial-to-parallel format and stored in this FIFO. Data transfer from this register to the RAM buffer is the responsibility of the DMA controller. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 0 Receiver byte 7.1.2 TDR: Transmitter Data Register (Addr:FFA1h) The transmitter data register is double buffered. Data written to this register is loaded into the shift register, and shifted out on SOUT. Data transfer from the RAM buffer to this register is the responsibility of the DMA controller. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 0 Transmit byte UART 40 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 7.1.3 LCR: Line Control Register (Addr:FFA2h) This register controls the data communication format. The word length, number of stop bits, and parity type are selected by writing the appropriate bits to the LCR. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FEN BRK FPTY EPRTY PRTY STP WL1 WL0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 1:0 WL[1:0] 0 Specifies the word length for transmit and receive 00b = 5 bits 01b = 6 bits 10b = 7 bits 11b = 8 bits 2 STP 0 Specifies the number of stop bits for transmit and receive STP = 0 STP = 1 STP = 1 1 stop bit (word length = 5, 6, 7, 8) 1.5 stop bits (word length = 5) 2 stop bits (word length = 6, 7, 8) 3 PRTY 0 Specifies whether parity is used PRTY = 0 PRTY = 1 No parity Parity is generated 4 EPRTY 0 Specifies whether even or odd parity is generated EPRTY = 0 EPRTY = 1 Odd parity is generated (if bit 3 (PRTY) = 1) Even parity is generated (if PRTY = 1) 5 FPTY 0 Selects the forced parity bit FPTY = 0 FPTY = 1 Parity is not forced Parity bit is forced. If bit 4 (EPRTY) = 0, the parity bit is forced to 1 6 BRK 0 This bit is the break-control bit BRK = 0 BRK = 1 Normal operation Forces SOUT into break condition (logic 0) 7 FEN 0 FIFO enable. This bit disables/enables the FIFO. To reset the FIFO, the MCU clears and then sets this bit. FEN = 0 FEN = 1 The FIFO is cleared and disabled. When disabled, the selected receiver flow control is activated. The FIFO is enabled and it can receive data. UART SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 41 7.1.4 FCRL: UART Flow Control Register (Addr:FFA3h) This register provides the flow-control modes of operation (see Table 7−3 for more details). 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 485E DTR RTS RXOF DSR CTS TXOA TXOF R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 TXOF 0 This bit controls the transmitter Xon/Xoff flow control. TXOF = 0 TXOF = 1 Disable transmitter Xon/Xoff flow control Enable transmitter Xon/Xoff flow control 1 TXOA 0 This bit controls the transmitter Xon-on-any/Xoff flow control TXOA = 0 TXOA = 1 Disable the transmitter Xon-on-any/Xoff flow control Enable the transmitter Xon-on-any/Xoff flow control 2 CTS 0 Transmitter CTS flow-control enable bit CTS = 0 CTS = 1 Disables transmitter CTS flow control CTS flow control is enabled, that is, when CTS input terminal is high, transmission is halted; when the CTS terminal is low, transmission resumes. When loopback mode is enabled, this bit must be set if flow control is also required. 3 DSR 0 Transmitter DSR flow-control enable bit DSR = 0 DSR = 1 Disables transmitter DSR flow control DSR flow control is enabled, that is, when DSR input terminal is high, transmission is halted; when the DSR terminal is low, transmission resumes. When loopback mode is enabled, this bit must be set if flow control is also required. 4 RXOF 0 This bit controls the receiver Xon/Xoff flow control. RXOF = 0 RXOF = 1 Receiver does not attempt to match Xon/Xoff characters Receiver searches for Xon/Xoff characters 5 RTS 0 Receiver RTS flow control enable bit RTS = 0 RTS = 1 Disables receiver RTS flow control Receiver RTS flow control is enabled. RTS output terminal goes high when the receiver FIFO HALT trigger level is reached; it goes low, when the receiver FIFO RESUME receiving trigger level is reached. 6 DTR 0 Receiver DTR flow-control enable bit DTR = 0 DTR = 1 Disables receiver DTR flow control Receiver DTR flow control is enabled. DTR output terminal goes high when the receiver FIFO HALT trigger level is reached; it goes low, when the receiver FIFO RESUME receiving trigger level is reached. 7 485E 0 RS-485 enable bit. This bit configures the UART to control external RS-485 transceivers. When configured in half-duplex mode (485E = 1), RTS or DTR can be used to enable the RS-485 driver or receiver. See Figure 3−3. 485E = 0 485E = 1 UART is in normal operation mode (full duplex) The UART is in half duplex RS-485 mode. In this mode, RTS and DTR are active with opposite polarity (when RTS = 0, DTR = 1). When the DMA is ready to transmit, it drives RTS = 1 (and DTR = 0) 2-bit times before the transmission starts. When the DMA terminates the transmission, it drives RTS = 0 (and DTR = 1) after the transmission stops. When 485E is set to 1, bit 4 (DTR) and bit 5 (RTS) in the MCR register (see Section 7.1.6) have no effect. Also, see bit 1 (RCVE) in the MCR register. UART 42 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 7.1.5 Transmitter Flow Control On reset (power up, USB, or soft reset) the transmitter defaults to the Xon state and the flow control is set to mode-0 (flow control is disabled). Table 7−2. Transmitter Flow-Control Modes BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 DSR CTS TXOA TXOF All flow control is disabled 0 0 0 0 Xon/Xoff flow control is enabled 0 0 0 1 Xon on any/ Xoff flow control 0 0 1 0 Not permissible (see Note 9) X X 1 1 CTS flow control 0 1 0 0 Combination flow control (see Note 10) 0 1 0 1 Combination flow control 0 1 1 0 DSR flow control 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Combination flow control 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 NOTES: 9. This is a nonpermissible combination. If used, TXOA and TXOF are cleared. 10. Combination example: Transmitter stops when either CTS or Xoff is detected. Transmitter resumes when both CTS is negated and Xon is detected. Table 7−3. Receiver Flow-Control Possibilities MODE BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 DTR RTS RXOF 0 All flow control is disabled 0 0 0 1 Xon/Xoff flow control is enabled 0 0 1 2 RTS flow control 0 1 0 3 Combination flow control (see Note 11) 0 1 1 4 DTR flow control 1 0 0 5 Combination flow control 1 0 1 6 Combination flow control (see Note 12) 1 1 0 7 Combination flow control 1 1 1 NOTES: 11. Combination example: Both RTS is asserted and Xoff transmitted when the FIFO is full. Both RTS is deasserted and Xon is transmitted when the FIFO is empty. 12. Combination example: Both DTR and RTS are asserted when the FIFO is full. Both DTR and RTS are deasserted when the FIFO is empty. UART SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 43 7.1.6 MCR: Modem-Control Register (Addr:FFA4h) This register provides control for modem interface I/O and definition of the flow control mode. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LCD LRI RTS DTR RSV LOOP RCVE URST R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 URST 0 UART soft reset. This bit can be used by the MCU to reset the UART. URST = 0 Normal operation. Writing a 0 by MCU has no effect. URST = 1 When the MCU writes a 1 to this bit, a UART reset is generated (ORed with hard reset). When the UART exits the reset state, URST is cleared. The MCU can monitor this bit to determine if the UART completed the reset cycle. 1 RCVE 0 Receiver enable bit. This bit is valid only when bit 7 (485E) in the FCRL register (see Section 7.1.4) is 1 (RS-485 mode). When 485E = 0, this bit has no effect on the receiver. RCVE = 0 When 485E = 1, the UART receiver is disabled when RTS = 1, i.e., when data is being transmitted, the UART receiver is disabled. RCVE = 1 When 485E = 1, the UART receiver is enabled regardless of the RTS state, i.e., UART receiver is enabled all the time. This mode can detect collisions on the RS-485 bus when received data does not match transmitted data. 2 LOOP 0 This bit controls the normal-/loop-back mode of operation (see Figure 7−1). LOOP = 0 Normal operation LOOP = 1 Enable loop-back mode of operation. In this mode the following occur: SOUT is set high SIN is disconnected from the receiver input. The transmitter serial output is looped back into the receiver serial input. The four modem-control inputs: CTS, DSR, DCD, and RI/CP are disconnected. DTR, RTS, LRI and LCD are internally connected to the four modem-control inputs, and read in the MSR register (see Section 7.1.8) as described below. Note: the FCRL register (see Section 7.1.4) must be configured to enable bits 2 (CTS) and 3 (DSR) to maintain proper operation with flow control and loop back. DTR is reflected in MSR register bit 4 (LCTS) RTS is reflected in MSR register bit 5 (LDSR) LRI is reflected in MSR register bit 6 (LRI) LCD is reflected in MSR register bit 7 (LCD) 3 RSV 0 Reserved 4 DTR 0 This bit controls the state of the DTR output terminal (see Figure 7−1). This bit has no effect when auto-flow control is used or when bit 7 (485E) = 1 (in the FCRL register, see Section 7.1.4). DTR = 0 Forces the DTR output terminal to inactive (high) DTR = 1 Forces the DTR output terminal to active (low) 5 RTS 0 This bit controls the state of the RTS output terminal (see Figure 7−1). This bit has no effect when auto-flow control is used or when bit 7 (485E) = 1 (in the FCRL register, see Section 7.1.4). RTS = 0 Forces the RTS output terminal to inactive (high) RTS = 1 Forces the RTS output terminal to active (low) 6 LRI 0 This bit is used for loop-back mode only. When in loop-back mode, this bit is reflected in bit 6 (LRI) in the MSR register, see Section 7.1.8 (see Figure 7−1). LRI = 0 Clears the MSR register bit 6 to 0 LRI = 1 Sets the MSR register bit 6 to 1 7 LCD 0 This bit is used for loop-back mode only. When in loop-back mode, this bit is reflected in bit 7 (LCD) in the MSR register, see Section 7.1.8 (see Figure 7−1). LCD = 0 Clears the MSR register bit 7 to 0 LCD = 1 Sets the MSR register bit 7 to 1 UART 44 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 7.1.7 LSR: Line-Status Register (Addr:FFA5h) This register provides the status of the data transfer. DMA transfer is halted when any of bit 0 (OVR), bit 1 (PTE), bit 2 (FRE), or bit 3 (BRK) is 1. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV TEMT TxE RxF BRK FRE PTE OVR R/O R/O R/O R/O R/C R/C R/C R/C BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 OVR 0 This bit indicates the overrun condition of the receiver. If set, it halts the DMA transfer and generates a status interrupt (if enabled). OVR = 0 OVR = 1 No overrun error Overrun error has occurred. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 1 PTE 0 This bit indicates the parity condition of the received byte. If set, it halts the DMA transfer and generates a status interrupt (if enabled). PTE = 0 PTE = 1 No parity error in data received Parity error in data received. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 2 FRE 0 This bit indicates the framing condition of the received byte. If set, it halts the DMA transfer and generates a status interrupt (if enabled). FRE = 0 FRE = 1 No framing error in data received Framing error in data received. Clears when MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 3 BRK 0 This bit indicates the break condition of the received byte. If set, it halts the DMA transfer and generates a status interrupt (if enabled). BRK = 0 BRK = 1 No break condition A break condition in data received was detected. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 4 RxF 0 This bit indicates the condition of the receiver data register. Typically, the MCU does not monitor this bit since data transfer is done by the DMA controller. RxF = 0 RxF = 1 No data in the RDR RDR contains data. Generates Rx interrupt (if enabled). 5 TxE 1 This bit indicates the condition of the transmitter data register. Typically, the MCU does not monitor this bit since data transfer is done by the DMA controller. TxE = 0 TxE = 1 TDR is not empty TDR is empty. Generates Tx interrupt (if enabled). 6 TEMT 1 This bit indicates the condition of both transmitter data register and shift register is empty. TEMT = 0 TEMT = 1 Either TDR or TSR is not empty Both TDR and TSR are empty 7 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 UART SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 45 CTS Modem Status Register Modem Control Register Bit 4 LCTS Bit 5 LDSR Bit 6 LRI Bit 7 LCD Bit 5 RTS Bit 4 DTR Bit 6 LRI Bit 7 LCD Bit 2 LOOP DSR RI/CP DCD RTS DTR FCRL Register Setting FCRL Register Setting Device Terminals Figure 7−1. MSR and MCR Registers in Loop-Back Mode UART 46 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 7.1.8 MSR: Modem-Status Register (Addr:FFA6h) This register provides information about the current state of the control lines from the modem. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LCD LRI LDSR LCTS ΔCD TRI ΔDSR ΔCTS R/O R/O R/O R/O R/C R/C R/C R/C BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 ΔCTS 0 This bit indicates that the CTS input has changed state. Cleared when the MCU writes a 1 to this bit. Writing a 0 has no effect. 1 ΔDSR 0 This bit indicates that the DSR input has changed state. Cleared when the MCU writes a 1 to this bit. Writing a 0 has no effect. ΔDSR = 0 ΔDSR = 1 Indicates no change in the DSR input Indicates that the DSR input has changed state since the last time it was read. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 2 TRI 0 Trailing edge of the ring indicator. This bit indicates that the RI/CP input has changed from low to high. This bit is cleared when the MCU writes a 1 to this bit. Writing a 0 has no effect. TRI = 0 TRI = 1 Indicates no applicable transition on the RI/CP input Indicates that an applicable transition has occurred on the RI/CP input. 3 ΔCD 0 This bit indicates that the CD input has changed state. Cleared when the MCU writes a 1 to this bit. Writing a 0 has no effect. ΔCD = 0 ΔCD = 1 Indicates no change in the CD input Indicates that the CD input has changed state since the last time it was read. 4 LCTS 0 During loopback, this bit reflects the status of bit 4 (DTR) in the MCR register, see Section 7.1.6 (see Figure 7−1) LCTS = 0 LCTS = 1 CTS input is high CTS input is low 5 LDSR 0 During loop back, this bit reflects the status of bit 5 (RTS) in the MCR register, see Section 7.1.6 (see Figure 7−1) LDSR = 0 LDSR= 1 DSR input is high DSR input is low 6 LRI 0 During loop back, this bit reflects the status of bit 6 (LRI) in the MCR register, see Section 7.1.6 (see Figure 7−1) LRI = 0 LRI = 1 RI/CP input is high RI/CP input is low 7 LCD 0 During loopback, this bit reflects the status of bit 7 (LCD) in the MCR register, see Section 7.1.6 (see Figure 7−1) LCD = 0 LCD = 0 CD input is high CD input is low 7.1.9 DLL: Divisor Register Low Byte (Addr:FFA7h) This register contains the low byte of the baud-rate divisor. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 08h Low-byte value of the 16-bit divisor for generation of the baud clock in the baud-rate generator. UART SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 47 7.1.10 DLH: Divisor Register High Byte (Addr:FFA8h) This register contains the high byte of the baud-rate divisor. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[15:8] 00h High-byte value of the 16-bit divisor for generation of the baud clock in the baud-rate generator. 7.1.11 Baud-Rate Calculation The following formulas calculate the baud-rate clock and the divisors. The baud-rate clock is derived from the 96-MHz master clock (dividing by 6.5). The table below presents the divisors used to achieve the desired baud rates, together with the associate rounding errors. Baud CLK 96 MHz 6.5 14.76923077 MHz Divisor 14.76923077106 Desired Baud Rate 16 Table 7−4. DLL/DLH Values and Resulted Baud Rates DESIRED BAUD DLL/DLH VALUE ACTUAL BAUD ERROR % RATE DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL RATE 1 200 769 0301 1 200.36 0.03 2 400 385 0181 2 397.60 0.01 4 800 192 00C0 4 807.69 0.16 7 200 128 0080 7 211.54 0.16 9 600 96 0060 9 615.38 0.16 14 400 64 0040 14 423.08 0.16 19 200 48 0030 19 230.77 0.16 38 400 24 0018 38 461.54 0.16 57 600 16 0010 57 692.31 0.16 115 200 8 0008 115 384.62 0.16 230 400 4 0004 230 769.23 0.16 460 800 2 0002 461 538.46 0.16 921 600 1 0001 923 076.92 0.16 NOTE: The TUSB3410 does support baud rates lower than 1200 bps, which are not listed due to less interest. 7.1.12 XON: Xon Register (Addr:FFA9h) This register contains a value that is compared to the received data stream. Detection of a match interrupts the MCU (only if the interrupt enable bit is set). This value is also used for Xon transmission. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 0000 Xon value to be compared to the incoming data stream UART 48 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 7.1.13 XOFF: Xoff Register (Addr:FFAAh) This register contains a value that is compared to the received data stream. Detection of a match halts the DMA transfer, and interrupts the MCU (only if the interrupt enable bit is set). This value is also used for Xoff transmission. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 0000 Xoff value to be compared to the incoming data stream 7.1.14 MASK: UART Interrupt-Mask Register (Addr:FFABh) This register controls the UARTs interrupt sources. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV RSV RSV RSV RSV TRI SIE MIE R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 MIE 0 This bit controls the UART-modem interrupt. MIE = 0 MIE = 1 Modem interrupt is disabled Modem interrupt is enabled 1 SIE 0 This bit controls the UART-status interrupt. SIE = 0 SIE = 1 Status interrupt is disabled Status interrupt is enabled 2 TRI 0 This bit controls the UART-TxE/RxF interrupts TRI = 0 TRI = 1 TxE/RxF interrupts are disabled TxE/RxF interrupts are enabled 7−3 RSV 0 Reserved = 0 7.2 UART Data Transfer Figure 7−2 illustrates the data transfer between the UART and the host using the DMA controller and the USB buffer manager (UBM). A buffer of 512 bytes is reserved for buffering the UART channel (transmit and receive buffers). The UART channel has 64 bytes of double-buffer space (X- and Y-buffer). When the DMA writes to the X-buffer, the UBM reads from the Y-buffer. Similarly, when the DMA reads from the X-buffer, the UBM writes to the Y-buffer. The DMA channel is configured to operate in the continuous mode (by setting bit 5 (CNT) in the DMACDR registers = 1). Once the MCU enables the DMA, data transfer toggles between the UMB and the DMA without MCU intervention. See Section 6.2.1, IN Transaction (TUSB3410 to Host), for DMA transfer-termination condition. 7.2.1 Receiver Data Flow The UART receiver has a 32-byte FIFO. The receiver FIFO has two trigger levels. One is the high-level mark (HALT), which is set to 12 bytes, and the other is the low-level mark (RESUME), which is set to 4 bytes. When the HALT mark is reached, either the RTS terminal goes high or Xoff is transmitted (depending on the auto setting). When the FIFO reaches the RESUME mark, then either the RTS terminal goes low or Xon is transmitted. UART SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 49 64-Byte Y-Buffer 64-Byte X-Buffer DMA DMACDR3 USB Buffer Manager X/Y 4 8 Receiver Halt on Error or Time-Out RDR: 32-Byte FIFO RTS/DTR = 1 or Xoff Transmitted RTS/DTR = 0 or Xon Transmitted Xoff/Xon CTS/DTR = 1/0 64-Byte Y-Buffer 64-Byte X-Buffer DMA DMACDR1 SIN SOUT TDR Pause/Run Host Figure 7−2. Receiver/Transmitter Data Flow 7.2.2 Hardware Flow Control Figure 7−3 illustrates the connection necessary to achieve hardware flow control. The CTS and RTS signals are provided for this purpose. Auto CTS and auto RTS (and Xon/Xoff) can be enabled/disabled independently by programming the UART flow control register (FCRL). TUSB3410 SIN RTS SOUT CTS External Device SOUT CTS SIN RTS Figure 7−3. Auto Flow Control Interconnect 7.2.3 Auto RTS (Receiver Control) In this mode, the RTS output terminal signals the receiver-FIFO status to an external device. The RTS output signal is controlled by the high- and low-level marks of the FIFO. When the high-level mark is reached, RTS goes high, signaling to an external sending device to halt its transfer. Conversely, when the low-level mark is reached, RTS goes low, signaling to an external sending device to resume its transfer. Data transfer from the FIFO to the X-/Y-buffer is performed by the DMA controller. See Section 6.2.1, IN Transaction (TUSB3410 to Host), for DMA transfer-termination condition. 7.2.4 Auto CTS (Transmitter Control) In this mode, the CTS input terminal controls the transfer from internal buffer (X or Y) to the TDR. When the DMA controller transfers data from the Y-buffer to the TDR and the CTS input terminal goes high, the DMA controller is suspended until CTS goes low. Meanwhile, the UBM is transferring data from the host to the X-buffer. When CTS goes low, the DMA resumes the transfer. Data transfer continues alternating between the X- and Y-buffers, without MCU intervention. See Section 6.2.2, OUT Transaction (Host to TUSB3410), for DMA transfer-termination condition. UART 50 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 7.2.5 Xon/Xoff Receiver Flow Control To enable Xon/Xoff flow control, certain bits within the modem control register must be set as follows: MCR bit 5 = 1 and MCR bits 6 and 7 = 00. In this mode, the Xon/Xoff bytes are transmitted to an external sending device to control the device’s transmission. When the high-level mark (of the FIFO) is reached, the Xoff byte is transmitted, signaling to an external sending device to halt its transfer. Conversely, when the low-level mark is reached, the Xon byte is transmitted, signaling to an external sending device to resume its transfer. The data transfer from the FIFO to X-/Y-buffer is performed by the DMA controller. 7.2.6 Xon/Xoff Transmit Flow Control To enable Xon/Xoff flow control, certain bits within the modem control register must be set as follows: MCR bit 5 = 1 and MCR bits 6 and 7 = 00. In this mode, the incoming data are compared to the XON and XOFF registers. If a match to XOFF is detected, the DMA is paused. If a match to XON is detected, the DMA resumes. Meanwhile, the UBM is transferring data from the host to the X-buffer. The MCU does not switch the buffers unless the Y-buffer is empty and the X-buffer is full. When Xon is detected, the DMA resumes the transfer. Expanded GPIO Port SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 51 8 Expanded GPIO Port 8.1 Input/Output and Control Registers The TUSB3410 has four general-purpose I/O terminals (P3.0, P3.1, P3.3, and P3.4) that are controlled by firmware running on the MCU. Each terminal can be controlled individually and each is implemented with a 12-mA push/pull CMOS output with 3-state control plus input. The MCU treats the outputs as open drain types in that the output can be driven low continuously, but a high output is driven for two clock cycles and then the output is high impedance. An input terminal can be read using the MOV instruction. For example, MOV C,P3.3 reads the input on P3.3. As a precaution, be certain the associated output is high impedance before reading the input. An output can be set high (and then high impedance) using the SETB instruction. For example, SETB P3.1 sets P3.1 high. An output can be set low using the CLR instruction, as in CLR P3.4, which sets P3.4 low (driven continuously until changed). Each GPIO terminal has an associated internal pullup resistor. It is strongly recommended that the pullup resistor remain connected to the terminal to prevent oscillations in the input buffer. The only exception is if an external source always drives the input. 8.1.1 PUR_3: GPIO Pullup Register For Port 3 (Addr:FF9Eh) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RSV RSV RSV Pin4 Pin3 RSV Pin1 Pin0 R/O R/O R/O R/W R/W R/O R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 1 3 4 Pin0 Pin1 Pin3 Pin4 0 The MCU may write to this register. If the MCU sets any of these bits to 1, then the pullup resistor is disconnected from the associated terminal. If the MCU clears any of these bits to 0, then the pullup resistor is connected from the terminal. The pullup resistor is connected to the VCC power supply. 2, 5, 6, 7 RSV 0 Reserved Expanded GPIO Port 52 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Interrupts SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 53 9 Interrupts 9.1 8052 Interrupt and Status Registers All 8052 standard, five interrupt sources are preserved. SIE is the standard interrupt-enable register that controls the five interrupt sources. This is also known as IE0 located at S:A8h in the special function register area. All the additional interrupt sources are ORed together to generate EX0. Table 9−1. 8052 Interrupt Location Map INTERRUPT SOURCE DESCRIPTION START ADDRESS COMMENTS ES UART interrupt 0023h ET1 Timer-1 interrupt 001Bh EX1 External interrupt-1 0013h ET0 Timer-0 interrupt 000Bh EX0 External interrupt-0 0003h Used for all internal peripherals Reset 0000h 9.1.1 8052 Standard Interrupt Enable (SIE) Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EA RSV RSV ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 EX0 0 Enable or disable external interrupt-0 EX0 = 0 EX0 = 1 External interrupt-0 is disabled External interrupt-0 is enabled 1 ET0 0 Enable or disable timer-0 interrupt ET0 = 0 ET0 = 1 Timer-0 interrupt is disabled Timer-0 interrupt is enabled 2 EX1 0 Enable or disable external interrupt-1 EX1 = 0 EX1 = 1 External interrupt-1 is disabled External interrupt-1 is enabled 3 ET1 0 Enable or disable timer-1 interrupt ET1 = 0 EX1 = 1 Timer-1 interrupt is disabled Timer-1 interrupt is enabled 4 ES 0 Enable or disable serial port interrupts ES = 0 ES = 1 Serial-port interrupt is disabled Serial-port interrupt is enabled 5, 6 RSV 0 Reserved 7 EA 0 Enable or disable all interrupts (global disable) EA = 0 EA = 1 Disable all interrupts Each interrupt source is individually controlled 9.1.2 Additional Interrupt Sources All nonstandard 8052 interrupts (DMA, I2C, etc.) are ORed to generate an internal INT0. Furthermore, the INT0 must be programmed as an active low-level interrupt (not edge-triggered). After reset, if INT0 is not changed, then it is an edge-triggered interrupt. A vector interrupt register is provided to identify all interrupt sources (see Section 9.1.3, VECINT: Vector Interrupt Register). Up to 64 interrupt vectors are provided. It is the responsibility of the MCU to read the vector and dispatch to the proper interrupt routine. Interrupts 54 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 9.1.3 VECINT: Vector Interrupt Register (Addr:FF92h) This register contains a vector value, which identifies the internal interrupt source that is trapped to location 0003h. Writing (any value) to this register removes the vector and updates the next vector value (if another interrupt is pending). Note: the vector value is offset; therefore, its value is in increments of two (bit 0 is set to 0). When no interrupt is pending, the vector is set to 00h (see Table 9−2). As shown, the interrupt vector is divided to two fields: I[2:0] and G[3:0]. The I field defines the interrupt source within a group (on a first-come-first-served basis). In the G field, which defines the group number, group G0 is the lowest and G15 is the highest priority. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 G3 G2 G1 G0 I2 I1 I0 0 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 3−1 I[2:0] 0H This field defines the interrupt source in a given group. See Table 9−2. Bit 0 = 0 always; therefore, vector values are offset by two. 7−4 G[3:0] 0H This field defines the interrupt group. I[2:0] and G[3:0] combine to produce the actual interrupt vector. Table 9−2. Vector Interrupt Values G[3:0] (Hex) I[2:0] (Hex) VECTOR (Hex) INTERRUPT SOURCE 0 0 00 No interrupt 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4−7 10 12 14 16 18−1E Not used Output endpoint-1 Output endpoint-2 Output endpoint-3 Reserved 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 2 3 4−7 20 22 24 26 28−2E Reserved Input endpoint-1 Input endpoint-2 Input endpoint-3 Reserved 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 32 34 36 38 3A 3C 3E STPOW packet received SETUP packet received Reserved Reserved RESR interrupt SUSR interrupt RSTR interrupt Wakeup 4 4 4 4 4 0 1 2 3 4−7 40 42 44 46 48 → 4E I2C TXE interrupt I2C RXF interrupt Input endpoint-0 Output endpoint-0 Reserved 5 5 5 0 1 2−7 50 52 54 → 5E UART status interrupt UART modem interrupt Reserved 6 6 6 0 1 2−7 60 62 64 → 6E UART RXF interrupt UART TXE interrupt Reserved 7 0−7 70 → 7E Reserved 8 8 8 0 2 3−7 80 84 86−8E DMA1 interrupt DMA3 interrupt Reserved 9−15 X 90 → FE Not used Interrupts SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 55 9.1.4 Logical Interrupt Connection Diagram (Internal/External) Figure 9−1 shows the logical connection of the interrupt sources and its relationship to INT0. The priority encoder generates an 8-bit vector, corresponding to 64 interrupt sources (not all are used). The interrupt priorities are hardwired. Vector 0x88 is the highest and 0x12 is the lowest. Priority Encoder Interrupts IEO (INT0) IEO Vector Figure 9−1. Internal Vector Interrupt Interrupts 56 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 I2C Port SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 57 10 I2C Port 10.1 I2C Registers 10.1.1 I2CSTA: I2C Status and Control Register (Addr:FFF0h) This register controls the stop condition for read and write operations. In addition, it provides transmitter and receiver handshake signals with their respective interrupt enable bits. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RXF RIE ERR 1/4 TXE TIE SRD SWR R/O R/W R/C R/W R/O R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 SWR 0 Stop write condition. This bit determines if the I2C controller generates a stop condition when data from the I2CDAO register is transmitted to an external device. SWR = 0 Stop condition is not generated when data from the I2CDAO register is shifted out to an external device. SWR = 1 Stop condition is generated when data from the I2CDAO register is shifted out to an external device. 1 SRD 0 Stop read condition. This bit determines if the I2C controller generates a stop condition when data is received and loaded into the I2CDAI register. SRD = 0 Stop condition is not generated when data from the SDA line is shifted into the I2CDAI register. SRD = 1 Stop condition is generated when data from the SDA line are shifted into the I2CDAI register. 2 TIE 0 I2C transmitter empty interrupt enable TIE = 0 TIE = 1 Interrupt disable Interrupt enable 3 TXE 1 I2C transmitter empty. This bit indicates that data can be written to the transmitter. It can be used for polling or it can generate an interrupt. TXE = 0 Transmitter is full. This bit is cleared when the MCU writes a byte to the I2CDAO register. TXE = 1 Transmitter is empty. The I2C controller sets this bit when the contents of the I2CDAO register are copied to the SDA shift register. 4 1/4 0 Bus speed selection (see Note 13) 1/4 = 0 1/4 = 1 100-kHz bus speed 400-kHz bus speed 5 ERR 0 Bus error condition. This bit is set by the hardware when the device does not respond. It is cleared by the MCU. ERR = 0 No bus error ERR = 1 Bus error condition has been detected. Clears when the MCU writes a 1. Writing a 0 has no effect. 6 RIE 0 I2C receiver ready interrupt enable RIE = 0 RIE = 1 Interrupt disable Interrupt enable 7 RXF 0 I2C receiver full. This bit indicates that the receiver contains new data. It can be used for polling or it can generate an interrupt. RXF = 0 Receiver is empty. This bit is cleared when the MCU reads the I2CDAI register. RXF = 1 Receiver contains new data. This bit is set by the I2C controller when the received serial data has been loaded into the I2CDAI register. NOTE 13: The bootcode automatically sets the I2C bus speed to 400 kHz. Only 400-kHz I2C EEPROMs can be used. I2C Port 58 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 10.1.2 I2CADR: I2C Address Register (Addr:FFF3h) This register holds the device address and the read/write command bit. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 0 R/W 0 Read/write command bit R/W = 0 R/W = 1 Write operation Read operation 7−1 A[6:0] 0h Seven address bits for device addressing 10.1.3 I2CDAI: I2C Data-Input Register (Addr:FFF2h) This register holds the received data from an external device. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O R/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 0 8-bit input data from an I2C device 10.1.4 I2CDAO: I2C Data-Output Register (Addr:FFF1h) This register holds the data to be transmitted to an external device. Writing to this register starts the transfer on the SDA line. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O W/O BIT NAME RESET FUNCTION 7−0 D[7:0] 0 8-bit output data to an I2C device 10.2 Random-Read Operation A random read requires a dummy byte-write sequence to load in the data word address. Once the device-address word and the data-word address are clocked out and acknowledged by the device, the MCU starts a current-address sequence. The following describes the sequence of events to accomplish this transaction. Device Address + EPROM [High Byte] • The MCU clears bit 1 (SRD) within the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller not to generate a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAI register are received. • The MCU clears bit 0 (SWR) within the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller not to generate a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. • The MCU writes the device address (bit 0 (R/W) = 0) to the I2CADR register (write operation) • The MCU writes the high byte of the EEPROM address into the I2CDAO register (this starts the transfer on the SDA line). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is automatically cleared (indicates busy) by writing data to the I2CDAO register. • The contents of the I2CADR register are transmitted to EEPROM (preceded by start condition on SDA). I2C Port SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 59 • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to EEPROM (EPROM address). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register has been transmitted. • A stop condition is not generated. EPROM [Low Byte] • The MCU writes the low byte of the EEPROM address into the I2CDAO register. • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is automatically cleared (indicates busy) by writing to the I2CDAO register. • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM address). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register has been transmitted. • This completes the dummy write operation. At this point, the EEPROM address is set and the MCU can do either a single- or a sequential-read operation. 10.3 Current-Address Read Operation Once the EEPROM address is set, the MCU can read a single byte by executing the following steps: • The MCU sets bit 1 (SRD) in the I2CSTA register to 1. This forces the I2C controller to generate a stop condition after the I2CDAI-register contents are received. • The MCU writes the device address (bit 0 (R/W) = 1) to the I2CADR register (read operation). • The MCU writes a dummy byte to the I2CDAO register (this starts the transfer on SDA line). • Bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (RX is empty). • The contents of the I2CADR register are transmitted to the device (preceded by start condition on SDA). • The data from EEPROM are latched into the I2CDAI register (stop condition is transmitted). • Bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the data are available. • The MCU reads the I2CDAI register. This clears bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register. 10.4 Sequential-Read Operation Once the EEPROM address is set, the MCU can execute a sequential read operation by executing the following (this example illustrates a 32-byte sequential read): Device Address • The MCU clears bit 1 (SRD) in the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller to not generate a stop condition after the I2CDAI register contents are received. • The MCU writes the device address (bit 0 (R/W) = 1) to the I2CADR register (read operation). • The MCU writes a dummy byte to the I2CDAO register (this starts the transfer on the SDA line). • Bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (RX is empty). • The contents of the I2CADR register are transmitted to the device (preceded by start condition on SDA). I2C Port 60 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 N-Byte Read (31 Bytes) • The data from the device is latched into the I2CDAI register (stop condition is not transmitted). • Bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that data is available. • The MCU reads the I2CDAI register. This clears bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register. • This operation repeats 31 times. Last-Byte Read (Byte 32) • MCU sets bit 1 (SRD) in the I2STA register to 1. This forces the I2C controller to generate a stop condition after the I2CDAI register contents are received. • The data from the device is latched into the I2CDAI register (stop condition is transmitted). • Bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that data is available. • The MCU reads the I2CDAI register. This clears bit 7 (RXF) in the I2CSTA register. 10.5 Byte-Write Operation The byte-write operation involves three phases: device address + EPROM [high byte] phase, EPROM [low byte] phase, and EPROM [DATA] phase. The following describes the sequence of events to accomplish the byte-write transaction. Device Address + EPROM [High Byte] • The MCU sets clears the SWR bit in the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller to not generate a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. • The MCU writes the device address (bit 0 (R/W) = 0) to the I2CADR register (write operation). • The MCU writes the high byte of the EEPROM address into the I2CDAO register (this starts the transfer on the SDA line). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicates busy). • The contents of the I2CADR register are transmitted to the device (preceded by start condition on SDA). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM high address). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. EPROM [Low Byte] • The MCU writes the low byte of the EEPROM address into the I2CDAO register. • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicating busy). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM address). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. EPROM [DATA] • The MCU sets bit 0 (SWR) in the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller to generate a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. • The data to be written to the EPROM is written by the MCU into the I2CDAO register. • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicates busy). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM data). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. • The I2C controller generates a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. I2C Port SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 61 10.6 Page-Write Operation The page-write operation is initiated in the same way as byte write, with the exception that a stop condition is not generated after the first EPROM [DATA] is transmitted. The following describes the sequence of writing 32 bytes in page mode. Device Address + EPROM [High Byte] • The MCU clears bit 0 (SWR) in the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller to not generate a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. • The MCU writes the device address (bit 0 (R/W) = 0) to the I2CADR register (write operation). • The MCU writes the high byte of the EEPROM address into the I2CDAO register • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicating busy). • The contents of the I2CADR register are transmitted to the device (preceded by start condition on SDA). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM address). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. EPROM [Low Byte] • The MCU writes the low byte of the EEPROM address into the I2CDAO register. • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicates busy). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM address). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. EPROM [DATA]—31 Bytes • The data to be written to the EEPROM are written by the MCU into the I2CDAO register. • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicates busy). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to the device (EEPROM data). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. • This operation repeats 31 times. EPROM [DATA]—Last Byte • The MCU sets bit 0 (SWR) in the I2CSTA register. This forces the I2C controller to generate a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. • The MCU writes the last date byte to be written to the EEPROM, into the I2CDAO register. • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is cleared (indicates busy). • The contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted to EEPROM (EEPROM data). • Bit 3 (TXE) in the I2CSTA register is set and interrupts the MCU, indicating that the I2CDAO register contents have been transmitted. • The I2C controller generates a stop condition after the contents of the I2CDAO register are transmitted. I2C Port 62 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 63 11 TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 11.1 Introduction TUSB3410 bootcode is a program embedded in the 10k-byte boot ROM within the TUSB3410. This program is designed to load application firmware from either an external I2C memory device or USB host bootloader device driver. After the TUSB3410 finishes downloading, the bootcode releases its control to the application firmware. This section describes how the bootcode initializes the TUSB3410 device in detail. In addition, the default USB descriptor, I2C device header format, USB host driver firmware downloading format, and supported built-in USB vendor specific requests are listed for reference. Users should carefully follow the appropriate format to interface with the bootcode. Unsupported formats may cause unexpected results. The bootcode source code is also provided for programming reference. 11.2 Bootcode Programming Flow After power-on reset, the bootcode initializes the I2C and USB registers along with internal variables. The bootcode then checks to see if an I2C device is present and contains a valid signature. If an I2C device is present and contains a valid signature, the bootcode continues searching for descriptor blocks and then processes them if the checksum is correct. If application firmware was found, then the bootcode downloads it and releases the control to the application firmware. Otherwise, the bootcode connects to the USB and waits for host driver to download application firmware. Once firmware downloading is complete, the bootcode releases the control to the firmware. The following is the bootcode step-by-step operation. • Check if bootcode is in the application mode. This is the mode that is entered after application code is downloaded via either an I2C device or the USB. If the bootcode is in the application mode, then the bootcode releases the control to the application firmware. Otherwise, the bootcode continues. • Initialize all the default settings. − Call CopyDefaultSettings() routine. Set I2C to 400-kHz speed. − Call UsbDataInitialization() routine. Set bFUNADR = 0 Disconnect from USB (bUSBCTL = 0x00) Bootcode handles USB reset Copy predefined device, configuration, and string descriptors to RAM Disable all endpoints and enable USB interrupts (SETUP, RSTR, SUSR, and RESR) • Search for product signature − Check if valid signature is in I2C. If not, skip the I2C process. Read 2 bytes from address 0x0000 with type III and device address 0. Stop searching if valid signature is found. Read 2 bytes from address 0x0000 with type II and device address 4. Stop searching if valid signature is found. • If a valid I2C signature is found, then load the customized device, configuration and string descriptors from I2C EEPROM. − Process each descriptor block from I2C until end of header is found If the descriptor block contains device, configuration, or string descriptors, then the bootcode overwrites the default descriptors. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 64 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 If the descriptor block contains binary firmware, then the bootcode sets the header pointer to the beginning of the binary firmware in the I2C EEPROM. If the descriptor block is end of header, then the bootcode stops searching. • Enable global and USB interrupts and set the connection bit to 1. − Enable global interrupts by setting bit 7 (EA) within the SIE register (see Section 9.1.1) to 1. − Enable all internal peripheral interrupts by setting the EX0 bit within the SIE register to 1. − Connect to the USB by setting bit 7 (CONT) within the USBCNTL register (see Section 5.4) to 1. • Wait for any interrupt events until Get DEVICE DESCIPTOR setup packet arrives. − Suspend interrupt The idle bit in the MCU PCON register is set and suspend mode is entered. USB reset wakes up the microcontroller. − Resume interrupt Bootcode wakes up and waits for new USB requests. − Reset interrupt Call UsbReset() routine. − Setup interrupt Bootcode processes the request. − USB reboot request Disconnect from the USB by clearing bit 7 (CONT) in the USBCTL register and restart at address 0x0000. • Download firmware from I2C EEPROM − Disable global interrupts by clearing bit 7 (EA) within the SIE register − Load firmware to XDATA space if available. • Download firmware from the USB. − If no firmware is found in an I2C EEPROM, the USB host downloads firmware via output endpoint 1. − In the first data packet to output endpoint 1, the USB host driver adds 3 bytes before the application firmware in binary format. These three bytes are the LSB and MSB indicating the firmware size and followed by the arithmetic checksum of the binary firmware. • Release control to the application firmware. − Update the USB configuration and interface number. − Release control to application firmware. • Application firmware − Either disconnect from the USB or continue responding to USB requests. 11.3 Default Bootcode Settings The bootcode has its own predefined device, configuration, and string descriptors. These default descriptors should be used in evaluation only. They must not be used in the end-user product. 11.3.1 Device Descriptor The device descriptor provides the USB version that the device supports, device class, protocol, vendor and product identifications, strings, and number of possible configurations. The operation system (Windows, MAC, or Linux) reads this descriptor to decide which device driver should be used to communicate with this device. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 65 The bootcode uses 0x0451 (Texas Instruments) as the vendor ID and 0x3410 (TUSB3410) as the product ID. It also supports three different strings and one configuration. Table 11−1 lists the device descriptor. Table 11−1. Device Descriptor OFFSET (decimal) FIELD SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0 bLength 1 0x12 Size of this descriptor in bytes 1 bDescriptorType 1 1 Device descriptor type 2 bcdUSB 2 0x0110 USB spec 1.1 4 bDeviceClass 1 0xFF Device class is vendor−specific 5 bDeviceSubClass 1 0 We have no subclasses. 6 bDeviceProtocol 1 0 We use no protocols. 7 bMaxPacketSize0 1 8 Max. packet size for endpoint zero 8 idVendor 2 0x0451 USB−assigned vendor ID = TI 10 idProduct 2 0x3410 TI part number = TUSB3410 12 bcdDevice 2 0x100 Device release number = 1.0 14 iManufacturer 1 1 Index of string descriptor describing manufacturer 15 iProducct 1 2 Index of string descriptor describing product 16 iSerialNumber 1 3 Index of string descriptor describing device’s serial number 17 bNumConfigurations 1 1 Number of possible configurations: 11.3.2 Configuration Descriptor The configuration descriptor provides the number of interfaces supported by this configuration, power configuration, and current consumption. The bootcode declares only one interface running in bus-powered mode. It consumes up to 100 mA at boot time. Table 11−2 lists the configuration descriptor. Table 11−2. Configuration Descriptor OFFSET (decimal) FIELD SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0 bLength 1 9 Size of this descriptor in bytes. 1 bDescriptor Type 1 2 Configuration descriptor type 2 wTotalLength 2 25 = 9 + 9 + 7 Total length of data returned for this configuration. Includes the combined length of all descriptors (configuration, interface, endpoint, and class- or vendor-specific) returned for this configuration. 4 bNumInterfaces 1 1 Number of interfaces supported by this configuration 5 bConfigurationValue 1 1 Value to use as an argument to the SetConfiguration() request to select this configuration. 6 iConfiguration 1 0 Index of string descriptor describing this configuration. 7 bmAttributes 1 0x80 Configuration characteristics D7: Reserved (set to one) D6: Self-powered D5: Remote wakeup is supported D4−0: Reserved (reset to zero) 8 bMaxPower 1 0x32 This device consumes 100 mA. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 66 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 11.3.3 Interface Descriptor The interface descriptor provides the number of endpoints supported by this interface as well as interface class, subclass, and protocol. The bootcode supports only one endpoint and use its own class. Table 11−3 lists the interface descriptor. Table 11−3. Interface Descriptor OFFSET (decimal) FIELD SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0 bLength 1 9 Size of this descriptor in bytes 1 bDescriptorType 1 4 Interface descriptor type 2 bInterfaceNumber 1 0 Number of interface. Zero-based value identifying the index in the array of concurrent interfaces supported by this configuration. 3 bAlternateSetting 1 0 Value used to select alternate setting for the interface identified in the prior field 4 bNumEndpoints 1 1 Number of endpoints used by this interface (excluding endpoint zero). If this value is zero, this interface only uses the default control pipe. 5 bInterfaceClass 1 0xFF The interface class is vendor specific. 6 bInterfaceSubClass 1 0 7 bInterfaceProtocol 1 0 8 iInterface 1 0 Index of string descriptor describing this interface 11.3.4 Endpoint Descriptor The endpoint descriptor provides the type and size of communication pipe supported by this endpoint. The bootcode supports only one output endpoint with the size of 64 bytes in addition to control endpoint 0 (required by all USB devices). Table 11−4 lists the endpoint descriptor. Table 11−4. Output Endpoint1 Descriptor OFFSET (decimal) FIELD SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0 bLength 1 7 Size of this descriptor in bytes 1 bDescriptorType 1 5 Endpoint descriptor type 2 bEndpointAddress 1 0x01 Bit 3…0: The endpoint number Bit 7: Direction 0 = OUT endpoint 1 = IN endpoint 3 bmAttributes 1 2 Bit 1…0: Transfer type 10 = Bulk 11 = Interrupt 4 wMaxPacketSize 2 64 Maximum packet size this endpoint is capable of sending or receiving when this configuration is selected. 6 bInterval 1 0 Interval for polling endpoint for data transfers. Expressed in milliseconds. 11.3.5 String Descriptor The string descriptor contains data in the unicode format. It is used to show the manufacturers name, product model, and serial number in human readable format. The bootcode supports three strings. The first string is the manufacturers name. The second string is the product name. The third string is the serial number. Table 11−5 lists the string descriptor. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 67 Table 11−5. String Descriptor OFFSET (decimal) FIELD SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0 bLength 1 4 Size of string 0 descriptor in bytes 1 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 String descriptor type 2 wLANGID[0] 2 0x0409 English 4 bLength 1 36 (decimal) Size of string 1 descriptor in bytes 5 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 String descriptor type 6 bString 2 ‘T’,0x00 Unicode, T is the first byte 8 2 ‘e’,0x00 Texas Instruments 10 2 ‘x’,0x00 12 2 ‘a’,0x00 14 2 ‘s’,0x00 16 2 ‘ ’,0x00 18 2 ‘I’,0x00 20 2 ‘n’,0x00 22 2 ‘s’,0x00 24 2 ‘t’,0x00 26 2 ‘r’,0x00 28 2 ‘u’,0x00 30 2 ‘m’,0x00 32 2 ‘e’,0x00 34 2 ‘n’,0x00 36 2 ‘t’,0x00 38 2 ‘s’,0x00 40 bLength 1 42 (decimal) Size of string 2 descriptor in bytes 41 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 STRING descriptor type 42 bString 2 ‘T’,0x00 UNICODE, T is first byte 44 2 ‘U’,0x00 TUSB3410 boot device 46 2 ‘S’,0x00 48 2 ‘B’,0x00 50 2 ‘3’,0x00 52 2 ‘4’,0x00 54 2 ‘1’,0x00 56 2 ‘0’,0x00 58 2 ‘ ‘,0x00 60 2 ‘B‘,0x00 62 2 ‘o’,0x00 64 2 ‘o’,0x00 66 2 ‘t’,0x00 TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 68 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Table 11−5. String Descriptor (Continued) OFFSET FIELD SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 68 2 ‘ ’,0x00 70 2 ‘D’,0x00 72 2 ‘e‘,0x00 74 2 ‘v’,0x00 76 2 ‘I,0x00 78 2 ‘c’,0x00 80 2 ‘e’,0x00 82 bLength 1 34 (decimal) Size of string 3 descriptor in bytes 84 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 STRING descriptor type 86 bString 2 r0,0x00 UNICODE 88 2 r1,0x00 R0 to rF are BCD of SERNUM0 to 90 2 r2,0x00 SERNUM7 registers. 16 digit hex 92 2 r3,0x00 16 digit hex numbers are created from 94 2 r4,0x00 SERNUM0 to SERNUM7 registers 96 2 r5,0x00 98 2 r6,0x00 100 2 r7,0x00 102 2 r8,0x00 104 2 r9,0x00 106 2 rA,0x00 108 2 rB,0x00 110 2 rC,0x00 112 2 rD,0x00 114 2 rE,0x00 116 2 rF,0x00 11.4 External I2C Device Header Format A valid header should contain a product signature and one or more descriptor blocks. The descriptor block contains the descriptor prefix and content. In the descriptor prefix, the data type, size, and checksum are specified to describe the content. The descriptor content contains the necessary information for the bootcode to process. The header processing routine always counts from the first descriptor block until the desired block number is reached. The header reads in the descriptor prefix with a size of 4 bytes. This prefix contains the type of block, size, and checksum. For example, if the bootcode would like to find the position of the third descriptor block, then it reads in the first descriptor prefix, calculates the position on the second descriptor prefix based on the size specified in the prefix. bootcode, then repeats the same calculation to find out the position of the third descriptor block. 11.4.1 Product Signature The product signature must be stored at the first 2 bytes within the I2C storage device. These 2 bytes must match the product number. The order of these 2 bytes must be the LSB first followed by the MSB. For example, the TUSB3410 is 0x3410. Therefore, the first byte must be 0x10 and the second byte must be 0x34. The TUSB3410 bootcode searches the first 2 bytes of the I2C device. If the first 2 bytes are not 0x10 and 0x34, then the bootcode skips the header processing. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 69 11.4.2 Descriptor Block Each descriptor block contains a prefix and content. The size of the prefix is always 4 bytes. It contains the data type, size, and checksum for data integrity. The descriptor content contains the corresponding information specified in the prefix. It could be as small as 1 byte or as large as 65535 bytes. The next descriptor immediately follows the previous descriptor. If there are no more descriptors, then an extra byte with a value of zero should be added to indicate the end of header. 11.4.2.1 Descriptor Prefix The first byte of the descriptor prefix is the data type. This tells the bootcode how to process the data in the descriptor content. The second and third bytes are the size of descriptor content. The second byte is the low byte of the size and the third byte is the high byte. The last byte is the 8-bit arithmetic checksum of descriptor content. 11.4.2.2 Descriptor Content Information stored in the descriptor content can be the USB information, firmware, or other type of data. The size of the content should be from 1 byte to 65535 bytes. 11.5 Checksum in Descriptor Block Each descriptor prefix contains one checksum of the descriptor content. If the checksum is wrong, the bootcode simply ignores the descriptor block. 11.6 Header Examples The header can be specified in different ways. The following descriptors show examples of the header format and the supported descriptor block. 11.6.1 TUSB3410 Bootcode Supported Descriptor Block The TUSB3410 bootcode supports the following descriptor blocks. • USB Device Descriptor • USB Configuration Descriptor • USB String Descriptor • Binary Firmware1 • Autoexec Binary Firmware2 11.6.2 USB Descriptor Header Table 11−6 contains the USB device, configuration, and string descriptors for the bootcode. The last byte is zero to indicate the end of header. 1 Binary firmware is loaded when the bootcode receives the first get device descriptor request from host. Downloading the firmware should either continue that request in the data stage or disconnect from the USB and then reconnect to the USB as a new device. 2 The bootcode loads this autoexec binary firmware before it connects to the USB. The firmware should connect to the USB once it is loaded. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 70 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Table 11−6. USB Descriptors Header OFFSET TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0 Signature0 1 0x10 FUNCTION_PID_L 1 Signature1 1 0x34 FUNCTION_PID_H 2 Data Type 1 0x03 USB device descriptor 3 Data Size (low byte) 1 0x12 The device descriptor is 18 (decimal) bytes. 4 Data Size (high byte) 1 0x00 5 Check Sum 1 0xCC Checksum of data below 6 bLength 1 0x12 Size of device descriptor in bytes 7 bDescriptorType 1 0x01 Device descriptor type 8 bcdUSB 2 0x0110 USB spec 1.1 10 bDeviceClass 1 0xFF Device class is vendor-specific 11 bDeviceSubClass 1 0x00 We have no subclasses. 12 bDeviceProtocol 1 0x00 We use no protocols 13 bMaxPacketSize0 1 0x08 Maximum packet size for endpoint zero 14 idVendor 2 0x0451 USB−assigned vendor ID = TI 16 idProduct 2 0x3410 TI part number = TUSB3410 18 bcdDevice 2 0x0100 Device release number = 1.0 20 iManufacturer 1 0x01 Index of string descriptor describing manufacturer 21 iProducct 1 0x02 Index of string descriptor describing product 22 iSerialNumber 1 0x03 Index of string descriptor describing device’s serial number 23 bNumConfigurations 1 0x01 Number of possible configurations: 24 Data Type 1 0x04 USB configuration descriptor 25 Data Size (low byte) 1 0x19 25 bytes 26 Data Size (high byte) 1 0x00 27 Check Sum 1 0xC6 Checksum of data below 28 bLength 1 0x09 Size of this descriptor in bytes 29 bDescriptorType 1 0x02 CONFIGURATION descriptor type 30 wTotalLength 2 25(0x19) = 9 + 9 + 7 Total length of data returned for this configuration. Includes the combined length of all descriptors (configuration, interface, endpoint, and class- or vendor-specific) returned for this configuration. 32 bNumInterfaces 1 0x01 Number of interfaces supported by this configuration 33 bConfigurationValue 1 0x01 Value to use as an argument to the SetConfiguration() request to select this configuration 34 iConfiguration 1 0x00 Index of string descriptor describing this configuration. 35 bmAttributes 1 0xE0 Configuration characteristics D7: Reserved (set to one) D6: Self-powered D5: Remote wakeup is supported D4−0: Reserved (reset to zero) 36 bMaxPower 1 0x64 This device consumes 100 mA. 37 bLength 1 0x09 Size of this descriptor in bytes 38 bDescriptorType 1 0x04 INTERFACE descriptor type 39 bInterfaceNumber 1 0x00 Number of interface. Zero-based value identifying the index in the array of concurrent interfaces supported by this configuration. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 71 Table 11−6. USB Descriptors Header (Continued) OFFSET TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 40 bAlternateSetting 1 0x00 Value used to select alternate setting for the interface identified in the prior field 41 bNumEndpoints 1 0x01 Number of endpoints used by this interface (excluding endpoint zero). If this value is zero, this interface only uses the default control pipe. 42 bInterfaceClass 1 0xFF The interface class is vendor specific. 43 bInterfaceSubClass 1 0x00 44 bInterfaceProtocol 1 0x00 45 iInterface 1 0x00 Index of string descriptor describing this interface 46 bLength 1 0x07 Size of this descriptor in bytes 47 bDescriptorType 1 0x05 ENDPOINT descriptor type 48 bEndpointAddress 1 0x01 Bit 3…0: The endpoint number Bit 7: Direction 0 = OUT endpoint 1 = IN endpoint 49 bmAttributes 1 0x02 Bit 1…0: Transfer Type 10 = Bulk 11 = Interrupt 50 wMaxPacketSize 2 0x0040 Maximum packet size this endpoint is capable of sending or receiving when this configuration is selected. 52 bInterval 1 0x00 Interval for polling endpoint for data transfers. Expressed in milliseconds. 53 Data Type 1 0x05 USB String descriptor 54 Data Size (low byte) 1 0x1A 26(0x1A) = 4 + 6 + 6 + 10 55 Data Size (high byte) 1 0x00 56 Check Sum 1 0x50 Checksum of data below 57 bLength 1 0x04 Size of string 0 descriptor in bytes 58 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 STRING descriptor type 59 wLANGID[0] 2 0x0409 English 61 bLength 1 0x06 Size of string 1 descriptor in bytes 62 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 STRING descriptor type 63 bString 2 ‘T’,0x00 UNICODE, ‘T’ is the first byte. 65 2 ‘I’,0x00 TI = 0x54, 0x49 67 bLength 1 0x06 Size of string 2 descriptor in bytes 68 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 STRING descriptor type 69 bString 2 ‘u’,0x00 UNICODE, ‘u’ is the first byte. 71 2 ‘C’,0x00 ‘uC’ = 0x75, 0x43 73 bLength 1 0x0A Size of string 3 descriptor in bytes 74 bDescriptorType 1 0x03 STRING descriptor type 75 bString 2 ‘3’,0x00 UNICODE, ‘T’ is the first byte. 77 2 ‘4’,0x00 ‘3410’ = 0x33, 0x34, 0x31, 0x30 79 2 ‘1’,0x00 81 2 ‘0’,0x00 83 Data Type 1 0x00 End of header 11.6.3 Autoexec Binary Firmware If the application requires firmware loaded prior to establishing a USB connection, then the following header can be used. The bootcode loads the firmware and releases control to the firmware directly without connecting to the USB. However, per the USB specification requirement, any USB device should connect to the bus and respond to the host within the first 100 ms. Therefore, if downloading time is more than 100 ms, the USB and header speed descriptor blocks should be added before the autoexec binary firmware. Table 11−7 shows an example of autoexec binary firmware header. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 72 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Table 11−7. Autoexec Binary Firmware OFFSET TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0x0000 Signature0 1 0x10 FUNCTION_PID_L 0x0001 Signature1 1 0x34 FUNCTION_PID_H 0x0002 Data Type 1 0x07 Autoexec binary firmware 0x0003 Data Size (low byte) 1 0x67 0x4567 bytes of application code 0x0004 Data Size (high byte) 1 0x45 0x0005 Check Sum 1 0xNN Checksum of the following firmware 0x0006 Program 0x4567 Binary application code 0x456d Data Type 1 0x00 End of header 11.7 USB Host Driver Downloading Header Format If firmware downloading from the USB host driver is desired, then the USB host driver must follow the format in Table 11−8. The Texas Instruments bootloader driver generates the proper format. Therefore, users only need to provide the binary image of the application firmware for the Bootloader. If the checksum is wrong, then the bootcode disconnects from the USB and waits before it reconnects to the USB. Table 11−8. Host Driver Downloading Format OFFSET TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION 0x0000 Firmware size (low byte) 1 0xXX Application firmware size 0x0001 Firmware size (low byte) 1 0xYY 0x0002 Checksum 1 0xZZ Checksum of binary application code 0x0003 Program 0xYYXX Binary application code 11.8 Built-In Vendor Specific USB Requests The bootcode supports several vendor specific USB requests. These requests are primarily for internal testing only. These functions should not be used in normal operation. 11.8.1 Reboot The reboot command forces the bootcode to execute. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_OUT 01000000b bRequest BTC_REBOOT 0x85 wValue None 0x0000 wIndex None 0x0000 wLength None 0x0000 Data None 11.8.2 Force Execute Firmware The force execute firmware command requests the bootcode to execute the downloaded firmware unconditionally. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_OUT 01000000b bRequest BTC_FORCE_EXECUTE_FIRMWARE 0x8F wValue None 0x0000 wIndex None 0x0000 wLength None 0x0000 Data None TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 73 11.8.3 External Memory Read The bootcode returns the content of the specified address. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_IN 11000000b bRequest BTC_EXETERNAL_MEMORY_READ 0x90 wValue None 0x0000 wIndex Data address 0xNNNN (From 0x0000 to 0xFFFF) wLength 1 byte 0x0001 Data Byte in the specified address 0xNN 11.8.4 External Memory Write The external memory write command tells the bootcode to write data to the specified address. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_OUT 01000000b bRequest BTC_EXETERNAL_MEMORY_WRITE 0x91 wValue HI: 0x00 LO: Data 0x00NN wIndex Data address 0xNNNN (From 0x0000 to 0xFFFF) wLength None 0x0000 Data None 11.8.5 I2C Memory Read The bootcode returns the content of the specified address in I2C EEPROM. In the wValue field, the I2C device number is from 0x00 to 0x07 in the high byte. The memory type is from 0x01 to 0x03 for CAT I to CAT III devices. If bit 7 of bValueL is set, then the bus speed is 400 kHz. This request is also used to set the device number and speed before the I2C write request. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_IN 11000000b bRequest BTC_I2C_MEMORY_READ 0x92 wValue HI: I2C device number LO: Memory type bit[1:0] Speed bit[7] 0xXXYY wIndex Data address 0xNNNN (From 0x0000 to 0xFFFF) wLength 1 byte 0x0001 Data Byte in the specified address 0xNN 11.8.6 I2C Memory Write The I2C memory write command tells the bootcode to write data to the specified address. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_OUT 01000000b bRequest BTC_I2C_MEMORY_WRITE 0x93 wValue HI: should be zero LO: Data 0x00NN wIndex Data address 0xNNNN (From 0x0000 to 0xFFFF) wLength None 0x0000 Data None TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 74 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 11.8.7 Internal ROM Memory Read The bootcode returns the byte of the specified address within the boot ROM. That is, the binary code of the bootcode. bmRequestType USB_REQ_TYPE_DEVICE | USB_REQ_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_REQ_TYPE_OUT 01000000b bRequest BTC_INTERNAL_ROM_MEMORY_READ 0x94 wValue None 0x0000 wIndex Data address 0xNNNN (From 0x0000 to 0xFFFF) wLength 1 byte 0x0001 Data Byte in the specified address 0xNN 11.9 Bootcode Programming Consideration 11.9.1 USB Requests For each USB request, the bootcode follows the steps below to ensure proper operation of the hardware. 1. Determine the direction of the request by checking the MSB of the bmRequestType field and set the DIR bit within the USBCTL register accordingly. 2. Decode the command 3. If another setup is pending, then return. Otherwise, serve the request. 4. Check again, if another setup is pending then go to step 2. 5. Clear the interrupt source and then the VECINT register. 6. Exit the interrupt routine. 11.9.1.1 USB Request Transfers The USB request consist of three types of transfers. They are control-read-with-data-stage, control-writewithout- data-stage, and control-write-with-data-stage transfer. In each transfer, arrows indicate interrupts generated after receiving the setup packet, in or out token. Figure 11−1 and Figure 11−2 show the USB data flow and how the hardware and firmware respond to the USB requests. Table 11−9 and Table 11−10 lists the bootcode reposes to the standard USB requests. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 75 Setup (0) IN(1) IN(0) IN(0/1) OUT(1) INT INT INT INT More Packets Setup Stage Data Stage StatusStage 1.Hardware generates interrupt to MCU. 2.Hardware sets NAK on both the IN and the OUT endpoints. 3.Set DIR bit in USBCTL to indicate the data direction. 4.Decode the setup packet. 5.If another setup packet arrives, abandon this one. 6.Execute appropriate routine per a) Clear NAK bit in OUT endpoint. b) Copy data to IN endpoint buffer and set byte count. 1.Hardware generates interrupt to MCU. 2.Copy data to IN buffer. 3.Clear the NAK bit. 4.If all data has been sent, stall input endpoint. 1.Hardware does NOT generate interrupt to MCU. Table 11-9. Figure 11−1. Control Read Transfer Table 11−9. Bootcode Response to Control Read Transfer CONTROL READ ACTION IN BOOTCODE Get status of device Return power and remote wakeup settings Get status of interface Return 2 bytes of zeros Get status of endpoint Return endpoint status Get descriptor of device Return device descriptor Get descriptor of configuration Return configuration descriptor Get descriptor of string Return string descriptor Get descriptor of interface Stall Get descriptor of endpoint Stall Get configuration Return bConfiguredNumber value Get interface Return bInterfaceNumber value TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 76 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Setup (0) IN(1) INT Setup Stage Status Stage 1.Hardware generates interrupt to MCU. 2.Hardware sets NAK on both the IN and the OUT endpoints. 3.Set DIR bit in USBCTL to indicate the data direction. 4.Decode the setup packet. 5.If another setup packet arrives, abandon this one. 6.Execute appropriate routine per 1.Hardware does NOT generates interrupt to MCU. Table 11−10. Figure 11−2. Control Write Transfer Without Data Stage Table 11−10. Bootcode Response to Control Write Without Data Stage CONTROL WRITE WITHOUT DATA STAGE ACTION IN BOOTCODE Clear feature of device Stall Clear feature of interface Stall Clear feature of endpoint Clear endpoint stall Set feature of device Stall Set feature of interface Stall Set feature of endpoint Stall endpoint Set address Set device address Set descriptor Stall Set configuration Set bConfiguredNumber Set interface SetbInterfaceNumber Sync. frame Stall 11.9.1.2 Interrupt Handling Routine The higher-vector number has a higher priority than the lower-vector number. Table 11−11 lists all the interrupts and source of interrupts. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 77 Table 11−11. Vector Interrupt Values and Sources G[3:0] (Hex) I[2:0] (Hex) VECTOR (Hex) INTERRUPT SOURCE INTERRUPT SOURCE SHOULD BE CLEARED 0 0 00 No Interrupt No Source 1 1 12 Output−endpoint−1 VECINT register 1 2 14 Output−endpoint−2 VECINT register 1 3 16 Output−endpoint−3 VECINT register 1 4−7 18→1E Reserved 2 1 22 Input−endpoint−1 VECINT register 2 2 24 Input−endpoint−2 VECINT register 2 3 26 Input−endpoint−3 VECINT register 2 4−7 28→2E Reserved 3 0 30 STPOW packet received USBSTA/ VECINT registers 3 1 32 SETUP packet received USBSTA/ VECINT registers 3 2 34 Reserved 3 3 36 Reserved 3 4 38 RESR interrupt USBSTA/ VECINT registers 3 5 3A SUSR interrupt USBSTA/ VECINT registers 3 6 3C RSTR interrupt USBSTA/ VECINT registers 3 7 3E Wakeup interrupt USBSTA/ VECINT registers 4 0 40 I2C TXE interrupt VECINT register 4 1 42 I2C TXE interrupt VECINT register 4 2 44 Input−endpoint−0 VECINT register 4 3 46 Output−endpoint−0 VECINT register 4 4−7 48→4E Reserved 5 0 50 UART1 status interrupt LSR/VECNT register 5 1 52 UART1 modern interrupt LSR/VECINT register 5 2−7 54→5E Reserved 6 0 60 UART1 RXF interrupt LSR/VECNT register 6 1 62 UART1 TXE interrupt LSR/VECINT register 6 2−7 64→6E Reserved 7 0−7 70→7E Reserved 8 0 80 DMA1 interrupt DMACSR/VECINT register 8 1 82 Reserved 8 2 84 DMA3 interrupt DMACSR/VECINT register 8 3−7 86→7E Reserved 9−15 0−7 90→FE Reserved 11.9.2 Hardware Reset Introduced by the Firmware This feature can be used during a firmware upgrade. Once the upgrade is complete, the application firmware disconnects from the USB for at least 200 ms to ensure the operating system has unloaded the device driver. The firmware then enables the watchdog timer (enabled by default after power-on reset) and enters an endless loop without resetting the watchdog timer. Once the watchdog timer times out, it resets the TUSB3410 similar to a power on reset. The bootcode takes control and executes the power-on boot sequence. TUSB3410 Bootcode Flow 78 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 11.10 File Listings The TUSB3410 Bootcode Source Listing (SLLC139.zip) is available under the TUSB3410 product page on the TI website. Look under the Related Software link. The files listed below are included in the zip file. • Types.h • USB.h • TUSB3410.h • Bootcode.h • Watchdog.h • Bootcode.c • Bootlsr.c • BootUSB.c • Header.h • Header.c • I2c.h • I2c.c Electrical Specifications SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 79 12 Electrical Specifications 12.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings† Supply voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.5 V to 3.6 V Input voltage, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Output voltage, VO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Input clamp current, IIK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±20 mA Output clamp current, IOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±20 mA † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 12.2 Commercial Operating Condition (3.3 V) PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT VCC Supply voltage 3 3.3 3.6 V VI Input voltage 0 VCC V V High level input voltage TTL 2 VCC VIH High-V CMOS 0.7 × VCC VCC V Low level input voltage TTL 0 0.8 VIL Low-V CMOS 0 0.2 × VCC T Operating temperature Commercial range 0 70 °C TA Industrial range −40 85 °C 12.3 Electrical Characteristics TA = 25°C, VCC = 3.3 V ±5%, VSS = 0 V PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT V High level output voltage TTL I 4 mA VCC – 0.5 VOH High-V CMOS IOH = −VCC – 0.5 V Low level output voltage TTL I 4 mA 0.5 VOL Low-V CMOS IOL = 0.5 V Positive threshold voltage TTL V V 1.8 VIT+ V CMOS VI = VIH 0.7 × VCC V Negative threshold voltage TTL V V 0.8 1.8 VIT− V CMOS VI = VIH 0.2 × VCC V Hysteresis (V V ) TTL V V 0.3 0.7 Vhys VIT+ − VIT−) V CMOS VI = VIH 0.17 × VCC 0.3 × VCC I High level input current TTL V V ±20 IIH High-A CMOS VI = VIH ±1 μA I Low level input current TTL V V ±20 IIL Low-A CMOS VI = VIL ±1 μA IOZ Output leakage current (Hi-Z) VI = VCC or VSS ±20 μA IOL Output low drive current 0.1 mA IOH Output high drive current 0.1 mA I Supply current (operating) Serial data at 921.6 k 15 mA ICC Supply current (suspended) 200 μA Electrical Specifications 80 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 Electrical Characteristics (continued) TA = 25°C, VCC = 3.3 V ±5%, VSS = 0 V PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Clock duty cycle‡ 50% Jitter specification‡ ±100 ppm CI Input capacitance 18 pF CO Output capacitance 10 pF ‡ Applies to all clock outputs Application Notes SLLS519H—January 2010 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I 81 13 Application Notes 13.1 Crystal Selection The TUSB3410 requires a 12-MHz clock source to work properly. This clock source can be a crystal placed across the X1 and X2 terminals. A parallel resonant crystal is recommended. Most parallel resonant crystals are specified at a frequency with a load capacitance of 18 pF. This load can be realized by placing 33-pF capacitors from each end of the crystal to ground. Together with the input capacitance of the TUSB3410 and stray board capacitance, this provides close to two 36-pF capacitors in series to emulate the 18-pF load requirement. Note, that when using a crystal, it takes about 2 ms after power up for a stable clock to be produced. When using a clock oscillator, the signal applied to the X1/CLKI terminal must not exceed 1.8 V. In this configuration, the X2 terminal is unconnected. TUSB3410 X1/CLKI 33 pF 12 MHz X2 33 pF Figure 13−1. Crystal Selection 13.2 External Circuit Required for Reliable Bus Powered Suspend Operation TI has found a potential problem with the action of the SUSPEND output terminal immediately after power on. In some cases the SUSPEND terminal can power up asserted high. When used in a bus powered application this can cause a problem because the VREGEN input is usually connected to the SUSPEND output. This in turn causes the internal 1.8-V voltage regulator to shut down, which means an external crystal may not have time to begin oscillating, thus the device will not initialize itself correctly. TI has determined that using components R2 and D1 (rated to 25 mA) in the circuit shown below can be used as a workaround. Note that R1 and C1 are required components for proper reset operation, unless the reset signal is provided by another means. Note that use of an external oscillator (1.8-V output) versus a crystal would avoid this situation. Self-powered applications would probably not see this problem because the VREGEN input would likely be tied low, enabling the internal 1.8-V regulator at all times. TUSB3410 SUSPEND D1 VREGEN RESET R2 32 kΩ C1 1 μF 3.3 V R1 15 kΩ Figure 13−2. External Circuit Application Notes 82 TUSB3410, TUSB3410I SLLS519H—January 2010 13.3 Wakeup Timing (WAKEUP or RI/CP Transitions) The TUSB3410 can be brought out of the suspended state, or woken up, by a command from the host. The TUSB3410 also supports remote wakeup and can be awakened by either of two input signals. A low pulse on the WAKEUP terminal or a low-to-high transition on the RI/CP terminal wakes the device up. Note that for reliable operation, either condition must persist for approximately 3 ms minimum. This allows time for the crystal to power up since in the suspend mode the crystal interface is powered down. The state of the WAKEUP or RI/CP terminal is then sampled by the clock to verify there was a valid wakeup event. 13.4 Reset Timing There are three requirements for the reset signal timing. First, the minimum reset pulse duration is 100 μs. At power up, this time is measured from the time the power ramps up to 90% of the nominal VCC until the reset signal exceeds 1.2 V. The second requirement is that the clock must be valid during the last 60 μs of the reset window. The third requirement is that, according to the USB specification, the device must be ready to respond to the host within 100 ms. This means that within the 100-ms window, the device must come out of reset, load any pertinent data from the I2C EEPROM device, and transfer execution to the application firmware if any is present. Because the latter two events can require significant time, the amount of which can change from system to system, TI recommends having the device come out of reset within 30 ms, leaving 70 ms for the other events to complete. This means the reset signal must rise to 1.8 V within 30 ms. These requirements are depicted in Figure 13−3. Notice that when using a 12-MHz crystal, the clock signal may take several milliseconds to ramp up and become valid after power up. Therefore, the reset window may need to be elongated up to 10 ms or more to ensure that there is a 60-μs overlap with a valid clock. CLK RESET t VCC 90% 3.3 V 1.2 V 0 V >60 μs 100 μs < RESET TIME 1.8 V RESET TIME < 30 ms Figure 13−3. Reset Timing PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 6-Feb-2014 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples TUSB3410IRHB ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 3410I TUSB3410IRHBG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 3410I TUSB3410IRHBR ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 3410I TUSB3410IRHBRG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 3410I TUSB3410IRHBT ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 3410I TUSB3410IVF ACTIVE LQFP VF 32 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TUSB3410I TUSB3410IVFG4 ACTIVE LQFP VF 32 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TUSB3410I TUSB3410RHB ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 3410 TUSB3410RHBG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 73 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 3410 TUSB3410RHBR ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 3410 TUSB3410RHBRG4 ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 3410 TUSB3410RHBT ACTIVE VQFN RHB 32 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR 0 to 70 3410 TUSB3410VF ACTIVE LQFP VF 32 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR 0 to 70 TUSB3410 TUSB3410VFG4 ACTIVE LQFP VF 32 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR 0 to 70 TUSB3410 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 6-Feb-2014 Addendum-Page 2 (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. 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OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF TUSB3410 : • Automotive: TUSB3410-Q1 NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: • Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant TUSB3410IRHBR VQFN RHB 32 3000 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TUSB3410IRHBT VQFN RHB 32 250 180.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TUSB3410RHBR VQFN RHB 32 3000 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TUSB3410RHBT VQFN RHB 32 250 180.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 27-Jul-2013 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TUSB3410IRHBR VQFN RHB 32 3000 338.1 338.1 20.6 TUSB3410IRHBT VQFN RHB 32 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 TUSB3410RHBR VQFN RHB 32 3000 338.1 338.1 20.6 TUSB3410RHBT VQFN RHB 32 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 27-Jul-2013 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA MTQF002B – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED MAY 2000 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 VF (S-PQFP-G32) PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK 4040172/D 04/00 Gage Plane Seating Plane 1,60 MAX 1,45 1,35 8,80 9,20 SQ 0,05 MIN 0,45 0,75 0,25 0,13 NOM 5,60 TYP 1 32 7,20 6,80 24 25 SQ 8 9 17 16 0,25 0,45 0,10 0°–7° 0,80 0,20 M NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products (also referred to herein as “components”) are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TI’s terms and conditions of sale of semiconductor products. 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Products Applications Audio www.ti.com/audio Automotive and Transportation www.ti.com/automotive Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers DLP® Products www.dlp.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps DSP dsp.ti.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Industrial www.ti.com/industrial Interface interface.ti.com Medical www.ti.com/medical Logic logic.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Power Mgmt power.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video RFID www.ti-rfid.com OMAP Applications Processors www.ti.com/omap TI E2E Community e2e.ti.com Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated DB OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 EN C1+ V+ C1− C2+ C2− V− RIN FORCEOFF VCC GND DOUT FORCEON DIN INVALID ROUT MAX3221 www.ti.com SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 MAX3221 3-V to 5.5-V Multichannel RS-232 Line Driver/Receiver With ±15-kV ESD Protection Check for Samples: MAX3221 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION • RS-232 Bus-Pin ESD Protection Exceeds The MAX3221 device consists of one line driver, one ±15 kV Using Human-Body Model (HBM) line receiver, and a dual charge-pump circuit with ±15-kV ESD protection pin to pin (serial-port • Meets or Exceeds the Requirements of connection pins, including GND). The device meets TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU V.28 Standards the requirements of TIA/EIA-232-F and provides the • Operates With 3-V to 5.5-V VCC Supply electrical interface between an asynchronous • Operates Up To 250 kbit/s communication controller and the serial-port connector. The charge pump and four small external • One Driver and One Receiver capacitors allow operation from a single 3-V to 5.5-V • Low Standby Current: 1 μA Typical supply. These devices operate at data signaling rates • External Capacitors: 4 × 0.1 μF up to 250 kbit/s and a maximum of 30-V/μs driver output slew rate. • Accepts 5-V Logic Input With 3.3-V Supply • Alternative High-Speed Pin-Compatible Flexible control options for power management are Device (1 Mbit/s) available when the serial port is inactive. The auto- powerdown feature functions when FORCEON is low – SNx5C3221 and FORCEOFF is high. During this mode of • Auto-Powerdown Feature Automatically operation, if the device does not sense a valid RS- Disables Drivers for Power Savings 232 signal on the receiver input, the driver output is disabled. If FORCEOFF is set low and EN is high, APPLICATIONS both the driver and receiver are shut off, and the supply current is reduced to 1 μA. Disconnecting the • Battery-Powered, Hand-Held, and Portable serial port or turning off the peripheral drivers causes Equipment the auto-powerdown condition to occur. Auto• PDAs and Palmtop PCs powerdown can be disabled when FORCEON and • Notebooks, Subnotebooks, and Laptops FORCEOFF are high. With auto-powerdown enabled, the device is activated automatically when a valid • Digital Cameras signal is applied to the receiver input. The INVALID • Mobile Phones and Wireless Devices output notifies the user if an RS-232 signal is present at the receiver input. INVALID is high (valid data) if the receiver input voltage is greater than 2.7 V or less than −2.7 V, or has been between −0.3 V and 0.3 V for less than 30 μs. INVALID is low (invalid data) if the receiver input voltage is between −0.3 V and 0.3 V for more than 30 μs. Refer to Figure 5 for receiver input levels. 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. DIN DOUT Auto-powerdown INVALID RIN FORCEOFF FORCEON ROUT EN 11 16 9 13 10 8 1 12 MAX3221 SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 www.ti.com This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. Function Tables xxx Each Driver(1) INPUTS DIN FORCEON FORCEOFF VALID RIN RS-232 OUPUT DOUT DRIVER STATUS LEVEL X X L X Z Powered off L H H X H Normal operation H H H X L with auto-powerdown disabled L L H Yes H Normal operation H L H Yes L with auto-powerdown enabled L L H No Z Powered off by autoH L H No Z powerdown feature (1) H = high level, L = low level, X = irrelevant, Z = high impedance Each Receiver(1) INPUTS OUTPUT ROUT RIN EN VALID RIN RS-232 LEVEL L L X H H L X L X H X Z Open L No H (1) H = high level, L = low level, X = irrelevant, Z = high impedance (off), Open = disconnected input or connected driver off Logic Diagram (Positive Logic) 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links :MAX3221 MAX3221 www.ti.com SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1) MIN MAX UNIT VCC Supply voltage range(2) –0.3 6 V V+ Positive output supply voltage range(2) –0.3 7 V V– Negative output supply voltage range(2) 0.3 –7 V V+ – V– Supply voltage difference(2) 13 V Driver (FORCEOFF, FORCEON, EN) –0.3 6 VI Input voltage range V Receiver –25 25 Driver –13.2 13.2 VO Output voltage range V Receiver (INVALID) –0.3 VCC + 0.3 DB package 82 θJA Package thermal impedance(3) (4) °C/W PW package 108 TJ Operating virtual junction temperature 150 °C Tstg Storage temperature range –65 150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (2) All voltages are with respect to network GND. (3) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. (4) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. Recommended Operating Conditions (see Figure 6)(1) MIN NOM MAX UNIT VCC = 3.3 V 3 3.3 3.6 Supply voltage V VCC = 5 V 4.5 5 5.5 DIN, FORCEOFF, VCC = 3.3 V 2 VIH Driver high-level input voltage FORCEON, EN V VCC = 5 V 2.4 V DIN, FORCEOFF, IL Driver low-level input voltage FORCEON, EN 0.8 V Driver input voltage DIN, FORCEOFF, 0 5.5 VI FORCEON, EN V Receiver input voltage –25 25 MAX3221C 0 70 TA Operating free-air temperature °C MAX3221I –40 85 (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3 Product Folder Links :MAX3221 MAX3221 SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 6) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(2) MAX UNIT I FORCEOFF, FORCEON, I Input leakage current EN ±0.01 ±1 μA Auto-powerdown No load, FORCEOFF and 0.3 1 mA disabled FORCEON at VCC I Powered off No load, FORCEOFF at GND 1 10 CC Supply current No load, VCC = 3.3 V to 5 V No load, FORCEOFF at VCC, μA Auto-powerdown enabled FORCEON at GND, 1 10 All RIN are open or grounded (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. (2) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C. Driver Section Electrical Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 6) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(2) MAX UNIT VOH High-level output voltage DOUT at RL = 3 kΩ to GND, DIN = GND 5 5.4 V VOL Low-level output voltage DOUT at RL = 3 kΩ to GND, DIN = VCC –5 –5.4 V IIH High-level input current VI = VCC ±0.01 ±1 μA IIL Low-level input current VI at GND ±0.01 ±1 μA VCC = 3.6 V VO = 0 V ±35 ±60 IOS Short-circuit output current(3) mA VCC = 5.5 V VO = 0 V ±35 ±60 rO Output resistance VCC, V+, and V– = 0 V VO = ±2 V 300 10M Ω VO = ±12 V, ±25 VCC = 3 V to 3.6 V Ioff Output leakage current FORCEOFF = GND μA VO = ±12 V, ±25 VCC = 4.5 V to 5.5V (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 (2) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C. (3) Short-circuit durations should be controlled to prevent exceeding the device absolute power dissipation ratings, and not more than one output should be shorted at a time. Switching Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 6) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(2) MAX UNIT Maximum data rate CL = 1000 pF, RL = 3 kΩ, 150 250 kbit/s See Figure 1 t CL = 150 to 2500 pF, RL = 3 kΩ to 7 kΩ, sk(p) Pulse skew(3) See Figure 2 100 ns Slew rate, transition region VCC = 3.3 V, CL = 150 to 1000 pF 6 30 SR(tr) (see Figure 1) R V/μs L = 3 kΩ to 7 kΩ CL = 150 to 2500 pF 4 30 (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. (2) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C. (3) Pulse skew is defined as |tPLH − tPHL| of each channel of the same device. ESD Protection TERMINAL TEST CONDITIONS TYP UNIT NAME NO DOUT 13 HBM ±15 kV 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links :MAX3221 MAX3221 www.ti.com SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 Receiver Section Electrical Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 6) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(2) MAX UNIT VOH High-level output voltage IOH = –1 mA VCC – 0.6 VCC – 0.1 V VOL Low-level output voltage IOL = 1.6 mA 0.4 V VCC = 3.3 V 1.5 2.4 VIT+ Positive-going input threshold voltage V VCC = 5 V 1.8 2.4 VCC = 3.3 V 0.6 1.1 VIT– Negative-going input threshold voltage V VCC = 5 V 0.8 1.4 Vhys Input hysteresis (VIT+ – VIT–) 0.5 V Ioff Output leakage current FORCEOFF = 0 V ±0.05 ±10 μA ri Input resistance VI = ±3 V to ±25 V 3 5 7 kΩ (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. (2) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C. Switching Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 3) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(2) MAX UNIT t CL = 150 pF, PLH Propagation delay time, low- to high-level output See Figure 3 150 ns t CL = 150 pF, PHL Propagation delay time, high- to low-level output See Figure 3 150 ns t CL = 150 pF, RL = 3kΩ, en Output enable time See Figure 4 200 ns t CL = 150 pF, RL = 3kΩ, dis Output disable time See Figure 4 200 ns tsk(p) Pulse skew(3) See Figure 3 50 ns (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. (2) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C. (3) Pulse skew is defined as |tPLH − tPHL| of each channel of the same device. ESD Protection TERMINAL TEST CONDITIONS TYP UNIT NAME NO RIN 13 HBM ±15 kV Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 5 Product Folder Links :MAX3221 MAX3221 SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 www.ti.com Auto-Powerdown Section Electrical Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 5) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNIT V Receiver input threshold for INVALID high-level FORCEON = GND, T+(valid) output voltage FORCEOFF = V 2.7 V CC V Receiver input threshold for INVALID high-level FORCEON = GND, T–(valid) output voltage FORCEOFF = V –2.7 V CC V Receiver input threshold for INVALID low-level FORCEON = GND, T(invalid) output voltage FORCEOFF = V –0.3 0.3 V CC IOH = –1 mA, VOH INVALID high-level output voltage FORCEON = GND, VCC – 0.6 V FORCEOFF = VCC IOH = –1 mA, VOL INVALID low-level output voltage FORCEON = GND, 0.4 V FORCEOFF = VCC (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. Switching Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(1) (see Figure 5) PARAMETER MIN TYP(2) MAX UNIT tvalid Propagation delay time, low- to high-level output 1 μs tinvalid Propagation delay time, high- to low-level output 30 μs ten Supply enable time 100 μs (1) Test conditions are C1−C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2−C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V. (2) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C. 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links :MAX3221 TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 50 ! −3 V 3 V Output Input VOL VOH Generator tPHL (see Note B) tPLH Output CL (see Note A) 3 V or 0 V FORCEON 3 V FORCEOFF 1.5 V 1.5 V 50% 50% 50 ! TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 0 V 3 V Output Input VOL VOH tPLH Generator (see Note B) RL 3 V FORCEOFF RS-232 Output CL tPHL (see Note A) 50% 50% 1.5 V 1.5 V 50 ! TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS −3 V −3 V 3 V 3 V 0 V 3 V Output Input VOL VOH tTLH Generator (see Note B) RL 3 V FORCEOFF RS-232 Output C tTHL L (see Note A) SR(tr) = 6 V tTHL or tTLH MAX3221 www.ti.com SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 Parameter Measurement Information A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: PRR = 250 kbit/s, ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns. Figure 1. Driver Slew Rate A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: PRR = 250 kbit/s, ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns. Figure 2. Driver Pulse Skew A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns. Figure 3. Receiver Propagation Delay Times Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 7 Product Folder Links :MAX3221 TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 50 ! Generator (see Note B) 3 V or 0 V Output VOL VOH tPZH (S1 at GND) 3 V 0 V 0.3 V Output Input 0.3 V 3 V or 0 V FORCEON EN 1.5 V 1.5 V 50% tPHZ (S1 at GND) tPLZ (S1 at VCC) 50% tPZL (S1 at VCC) RL S1 VCC GND CL (see Note A) Output MAX3221 SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 www.ti.com Parameter Measurement Information (continued) A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns. C. tPLZ and tPHZ are the same as tdis. D. tPZL and tPZH are the same as ten. Figure 4. Receiver Enable and Disable Times 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links :MAX3221 TEST CIRCUIT 50 ! Generator (see Note B) FORCEOFF ROUT FORCEON Autopowerdown INVALID DIN DOUT CL = 30 pF (see Note A) 2.7 V −2.7 V 0.3 V −0.3 V 0 V Valid RS-232 Level, INVALID High Indeterminate Indeterminate If Signal Remains Within This Region For More Than 30 μs, INVALID Is Low† Valid RS-232 Level, INVALID High † Auto-powerdown disables drivers and reduces supply current to 1 μA. VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 3 V 2.7 V −2.7 V INVALID Output Receiver Input tvalid 0 V 0 V −3 V VCC 0 V !V+ 0 V !V− V+ VCC ten V− 50% VCC 50% VCC 2.7 V −2.7 V 0.3 V 0.3 V tinvalid Supply Voltages MAX3221 www.ti.com SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 Parameter Measurement Information (continued) Figure 5. INVALID Propagation Delay Times and Driver Enabling Time Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 9 Product Folder Links :MAX3221 CBYPASS = 0.1 μF Autopowerdown VCC C1 C2, C3, and C4 3.3 V ± 0.3 V 5 V ± 0.5 V 3 V to 5.5 V 0.1 μF 0.047 μF 0.1 μF 0.1 μF 0.33 μF 0.47 μF VCC vs CAPACITOR VALUES FORCEOFF + − + − + − + − + − 1 8 2 3 5 6 7 4 16 13 12 11 10 9 15 14 VCC GND C1+ V+ C2+ C1− C2− V− DOUT FORCEON DIN INVALID ROUT EN RIN C1 C2 C4 5 k! C3† † C3 can be connected to VCC or GND. NOTES: A. Resistor values shown are nominal. B. Nonpolarized ceramic capacitors are acceptable. If polarized tantalum or electrolytic capacitors are used, they should be connected as shown. MAX3221 SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION Figure 6. Typical Operating Circuit and Capacitor Values 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links :MAX3221 MAX3221 www.ti.com SLLS348N –JUNE 1999–REVISED JANUARY 2014 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision M (March 2004) to Revision N Page • Updated document to new TI data sheet format - no specification changes. ...................................................................... 1 • Deleted Ordering Information table. ...................................................................................................................................... 1 • Added ESD warning. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 11 Product Folder Links :MAX3221 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples MAX3221CDB ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 80 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CDBE4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 80 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CDBG4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 80 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CDBRG4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CPWE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CPWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221CPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C MAX3221IDB ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 80 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IDBE4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 80 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IDBG4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 80 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IDBRE4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IDBRG4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 2 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples MAX3221IPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU | CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I MAX3221IPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 Addendum-Page 3 continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF MAX3221 : • Enhanced Product: MAX3221-EP NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: • Enhanced Product - Supports Defense, Aerospace and Medical Applications TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant MAX3221CDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 6.6 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 MAX3221CPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 MAX3221IDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 6.6 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 MAX3221IPWRG4 TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 29-Apr-2014 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) MAX3221CDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 MAX3221CPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 MAX3221IDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 364.0 364.0 27.0 MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 MAX3221IPWRG4 TSSOP PW 16 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 29-Apr-2014 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA MSSO002E – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED DECEMBER 2001 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 DB (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE 4040065 /E 12/01 28 PINS SHOWN Gage Plane 8,20 7,40 0,55 0,95 0,25 38 12,90 12,30 28 10,50 24 8,50 Seating Plane 7,90 9,90 30 10,50 9,90 0,38 5,60 5,00 15 0,22 14 A 28 1 16 20 6,50 6,50 14 0,05 MIN 5,90 5,90 DIM A MAX A MIN PINS ** 2,00 MAX 6,90 7,50 0,65 0,15 M 0°–8° 0,10 0,09 0,25 NOTES: A. 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E Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2004–2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. FEATURES Highly accurate; supports IEC 60687, IEC 61036, IEC 61268, IEC 62053-21, IEC 62053-22, and IEC 62053-23 Compatible with 3-phase/3-wire, 3-phase/4-wire, and other 3-phase services Less than 0.1% active energy error over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 at 25°C Supplies active/reactive/apparent energy, voltage rms, current rms, and sampled waveform data Two pulse outputs, one for active power and the other selectable between reactive and apparent power with programmable frequency Digital power, phase, and rms offset calibration On-chip, user-programmable thresholds for line voltage SAG and overvoltage detections An on-chip, digital integrator enables direct interface-to-current sensors with di/dt output A PGA in the current channel allows direct interface to current transformers An SPI®-compatible serial interface with IRQ Proprietary ADCs and DSP provide high accuracy over large variations in environmental conditions and time Reference 2.4 V (drift 30 ppm/°C typical) with external overdrive capability Single 5 V supply, low power (70 mW typical) GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADE7758 is a high accuracy, 3-phase electrical energy measurement IC with a serial interface and two pulse outputs. The ADE7758 incorporates second-order Σ-Δ ADCs, a digital integrator, reference circuitry, a temperature sensor, and all the signal processing required to perform active, reactive, and apparent energy measurement and rms calculations. The ADE7758 is suitable to measure active, reactive, and apparent energy in various 3-phase configurations, such as WYE or DELTA services, with both three and four wires. The ADE7758 provides system calibration features for each phase, that is, rms offset correction, phase calibration, and power calibration. The APCF logic output gives active power information, and the VARCF logic output provides instantaneous reactive or apparent power information. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM PHASE BANDPHASE CDATA4AVDDPOWERSUPPLYMONITOR12REFIN/OUT11AGNDADC–+9ICP10ICNPGA1ADC–+14VCP13VNPGA2ACTIVE/REACTIVE/APPARENT ENERGIESAND VOLTAGE/CURRENT RMS CALCULATIONFOR PHASE C(SEE PHASE A FOR DETAILED SIGNALPATH)ADC–+7IBP8IBNPGA1ADC–+15VBPPGA2ACTIVE/REACTIVE/APPARENT ENERGIESAND VOLTAGE/CURRENT RMS CALCULATIONFOR PHASE B(SEE PHASE A FOR DETAILED SIGNALPATH)ADC–+5IAP6IANPGA1ADC–+16VAPPGA2AVRMSGAIN[11:0]AVAG[11:0]|X|APHCAL[6:0]ΦHPFINTEGRATORdtAVAROS[11:0]AVARG[11:0]LPF290° PHASESHIFTING FILTERπ2AWATTOS[11:0]AWG[11:0]LPF222DIN24DOUT23SCLK21CS18IRQADE7758 REGISTERSANDSERIAL INTERFACEWDIV[7:0]%VARDIV[7:0]%VADIV[7:0]%AIRMSOS[11:0]X2LPF2.4VREF4kΩDFC÷APCFNUM[11:0]APCFDEN[11:0]ACTIVE POWER1APCF3DVDD2DGND19CLKIN20CLKOUTDFCVARCFNUM[11:0]VARCFDEN[11:0]REACTIVE ORAPPARENT POWER17VARCFADE7758AVRMSOS[11:0]04443-001÷ Figure 1. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 2 of 72 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features..............................................................................................1 General Description.........................................................................1 Functional Block Diagram..............................................................1 General Description.........................................................................4 Specifications.....................................................................................5 Timing Characteristics................................................................6 Timing Diagrams..............................................................................7 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................8 ESD Caution..................................................................................8 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions.............................9 Terminology....................................................................................11 Typical Performance Characteristics...........................................12 Test Circuits.....................................................................................17 Theory of Operation......................................................................18 Antialiasing Filter.......................................................................18 Analog Inputs..............................................................................18 Current Channel ADC...............................................................19 di/dt Current Sensor and Digital Integrator...............................20 Peak Current Detection.............................................................21 Overcurrent Detection Interrupt.............................................21 Voltage Channel ADC...............................................................22 Zero-Crossing Detection...........................................................23 Phase Compensation..................................................................23 Period Measurement..................................................................25 Line Voltage SAG Detection.....................................................25 SAG Level Set..............................................................................26 Peak Voltage Detection..............................................................26 Phase Sequence Detection.........................................................26 Power-Supply Monitor...............................................................27 Reference Circuit........................................................................27 Temperature Measurement.......................................................27 Root Mean Square Measurement.............................................28 Active Power Calculation..........................................................30 Reactive Power Calculation......................................................35 Apparent Power Calculation.....................................................39 Energy Registers Scaling...........................................................41 Waveform Sampling Mode.......................................................41 Calibration...................................................................................42 Checksum Register.....................................................................55 Interrupts.....................................................................................55 Using the Interrupts with an MCU..........................................56 Interrupt Timing........................................................................56 Serial Interface............................................................................56 Serial Write Operation...............................................................57 Serial Read Operation................................................................59 Accessing the On-Chip Registers.............................................59 Registers...........................................................................................60 Communications Register.........................................................60 Operational Mode Register (0x13)..........................................64 Measurement Mode Register (0x14).......................................64 Waveform Mode Register (0x15).............................................65 Computational Mode Register (0x16).....................................66 Line Cycle Accumulation Mode Register (0x17)...................67 Interrupt Mask Register (0x18)................................................68 Interrupt Status Register (0x19)/Reset Interrupt Status Register (0x1A)...........................................................................69 Outline Dimensions.......................................................................70 Ordering Guide..........................................................................70 Revision History 10/11—Rev. D to Rev. E Changes to Figure 1..........................................................................1 Changes to Figure 41......................................................................19 Changes to Figure 60......................................................................27 Added Figure 61; Renumbered Sequentially..............................27 Changes to Phase Sequence Detection Section..........................27 Changes to Power-Supply Monitor Section................................27 Changes to Figure 62......................................................................28 Changes to Figure 67......................................................................32 Changes to Figure 68......................................................................32 Changes to Equation 25.................................................................34 Changes to Figure 69......................................................................34 Changes to Table 17.......................................................................62 Change to Table 18.........................................................................64 Changes to Table 24.......................................................................69 Changes to Ordering Guide..........................................................70 10/08—Rev. C to Rev. D Changes to Figure 1...........................................................................1 Changes to Phase Sequence Detection Section and Figure 60.27 Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 3 of 72 Changes to Current RMS Calculation Section............................28 Changes to Voltage Channel RMS Calculation Section and Figure 63...........................................................................................29 Changes to Table 17........................................................................60 Changes to Ordering Guide...........................................................70 7/06—Rev. B to Rev. C Updated Format..................................................................Universal Changes to Figure 1...........................................................................1 Changes to Table 2............................................................................6 Changes to Table 4............................................................................9 Changes to Figure 34 and Figure 35.............................................17 Changes to Current Waveform Gain Registers Section and Current Channel Sampling Section..............................................19 Changes to Voltage Channel Sampling Section..........................22 Changes to Zero-Crossing Timeout Section...............................23 Changes to Figure 60......................................................................27 Changes to Current RMS Calculation Section............................28 Changes to Current RMS Offset Compensation Section and Voltage Channel RMS Calculation Section.................................29 Added Table 7 and Table 9; Renumbered Sequentially..............29 Changes to Figure 65......................................................................30 Changes to Active Power Offset Calibration Section.................31 Changes to Reactive Power Frequency Output Section.............38 Changes to Apparent Power Frequency Output Section and Waveform Sampling Mode Section..............................................41 Changes to Gain Calibration Using Line Accumulation Section....................................................................49 Changes to Example: Power Offset Calibration Using Line Accumulation Section....................................................................53 Changes to Calibration of IRMS and VRMS Offset Section.....54 Changes to Table 18........................................................................64 Changes to Table 20........................................................................65 11/05—Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Table 1............................................................................5 Changes to Figure 23 Caption.......................................................14 Changes to Current Waveform Gain Registers Section.............19 Changes to di/dt Current Sensor and Digital Integrator Section............................................................................20 Changes to Phase Compensation Section....................................23 Changes to Figure 57......................................................................25 Changes to Figure 60......................................................................27 Changes to Temperature Measurement Section and Root Mean Square Measurement Section............................28 Inserted Table 6................................................................................28 Changes to Current RMS Offset Compensation Section..........29 Inserted Table 7................................................................................29 Added Equation 17.........................................................................31 Changes to Energy Accumulation Mode Section.......................33 Changes to the Reactive Power Calculation Section..................35 Added Equation 32...........................................................................36 Changes to Energy Accumulation Mode Section.......................38 Changes to the Reactive Power Frequency Output Section......38 Changes to the Apparent Energy Calculation Section...............40 Changes to the Calibration Section..............................................42 Changes to Figure 76 through Figure 84...............................43–54 Changes to Table 15........................................................................59 Changes to Table 16........................................................................63 Changes to Ordering Guide...........................................................69 9/04—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changed Hexadecimal Notation......................................Universal Changes to Features List...................................................................1 Changes to Specifications Table......................................................5 Change to Figure 25........................................................................16 Additions to the Analog Inputs Section.......................................19 Added Figures 36 and 37; Renumbered Subsequent Figures....19 Changes to Period Measurement Section....................................26 Change to Peak Voltage Detection Section.................................26 Added Figure 60..............................................................................27 Change to the Current RMS Offset Compensation Section.....29 Edits to Active Power Frequency Output Section......................33 Added Figure 68; Renumbered Subsequent Figures..................33 Changes to Reactive Power Frequency Output Section.............37 Added Figure 73; Renumbered Subsequent Figures..................38 Change to Gain Calibration Using Pulse Output Example.......44 Changes to Equation 37.................................................................45 Changes to Example—Phase Calibration of Phase A Using Pulse Output.........................................................................45 Changes to Equations 56 and 57...................................................53 Addition to the ADE7758 Interrupts Section.............................54 Changes to Example-Calibration of RMS Offsets......................54 Addition to Table 20.......................................................................66 1/04—Revision 0: Initial Version ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 4 of 72 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADE7758 has a waveform sample register that allows access to the ADC outputs. The part also incorporates a detection circuit for short duration low or high voltage variations. The voltage threshold levels and the duration (number of half-line cycles) of the variation are user programmable. A zero-crossing detection is synchronized with the zero-crossing point of the line voltage of any of the three phases. This information can be used to measure the period of any one of the three voltage inputs. The zero-crossing detection is used inside the chip for the line cycle energy accumulation mode. This mode permits faster and more accurate calibration by synchronizing the energy accumulation with an integer number of line cycles. Data is read from the ADE7758 via the SPI serial interface. The interrupt request output (IRQ) is an open-drain, active low logic output. The IRQ output goes active low when one or more interrupt events have occurred in the . A status register indicates the nature of the interrupt. The is available in a 24-lead SOIC package. ADE7758ADE7758 Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 5 of 72 SPECIFICATIONS AVDD = DVDD = 5 V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, on-chip reference, CLKIN = 10 MHz XTAL, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +85°C. Table 1. Parameter1, 2 Specification Unit Test Conditions/Comments ACCURACY Active Energy Measurement Error (per Phase) 0.1 % typ Over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 Phase Error Between Channels Line frequency = 45 Hz to 65 Hz, HPF on PF = 0.8 Capacitive ±0.05 °max Phase lead 37° PF = 0.5 Inductive ±0.05 °max Phase lag 60° AC Power Supply Rejection AVDD = DVDD = 5 V + 175 mV rms/120 Hz Output Frequency Variation 0.01 % typ V1P = V2P = V3P = 100 mV rms DC Power Supply Rejection AVDD = DVDD = 5 V ± 250 mV dc Output Frequency Variation 0.01 % typ V1P = V2P = V3P = 100 mV rms Active Energy Measurement Bandwidth 14 kHz IRMS Measurement Error 0.5 % typ Over a dynamic range of 500:1 IRMS Measurement Bandwidth 14 kHz VRMS Measurement Error 0.5 % typ Over a dynamic range of 20:1 VRMS Measurement Bandwidth 260 Hz ANALOG INPUTS See the Analog Inputs section Maximum Signal Levels ±500 mV max Differential input Input Impedance (DC) 380 kΩ min ADC Offset Error3 ±30 mV max Uncalibrated error, see the Terminology section Gain Error3 ±6 % typ External 2.5 V reference WAVEFORM SAMPLING Sampling CLKIN/128, 10 MHz/128 = 78.1 kSPS Current Channels See the Current Channel ADC section Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion 62 dB typ Bandwidth (−3 dB) 14 kHz Voltage Channels See the Voltage Channel ADC section Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion 62 dB typ Bandwidth (−3 dB) 260 Hz REFERENCE INPUT REFIN/OUT Input Voltage Range 2.6 V max 2.4 V + 8% 2.2 V min 2.4 V − 8% Input Capacitance 10 pF max ON-CHIP REFERENCE Nominal 2.4 V at REFIN/OUT pin Reference Error ±200 mV max Current Source 6 μA max Output Impedance 4 kΩ min Temperature Coefficient 30 ppm/°C typ CLKIN All specifications CLKIN of 10 MHz Input Clock Frequency 15 MHz max 5 MHz min LOGIC INPUTS DIN, SCLK, CLKIN, and CS Input High Voltage, VINH 2.4 V min DVDD = 5 V ± 5% Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.8 V max DVDD = 5 V ± 5% Input Current, IIN ±3 μA max Typical 10 nA, VIN = 0 V to DVDD Input Capacitance, CIN 10 pF max ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 6 of 72 Parameter1, 2 Specification Unit Test Conditions/Comments LOGIC OUTPUTS DVDD = 5 V ± 5% IRQ, DOUT, and CLKOUT IRQ is open-drain, 10 kΩ pull-up resistor Output High Voltage, VOH 4 V min ISOURCE = 5 mA Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.4 V max ISINK = 1 mA APCF and VARCF Output High Voltage, VOH 4 V min ISOURCE = 8 mA Output Low Voltage, VOL 1 V max ISINK = 5 mA POWER SUPPLY For specified performance AVDD 4.75 V min 5 V − 5% 5.25 V max 5 V + 5% DVDD 4.75 V min 5 V − 5% 5.25 V max 5 V + 5% AIDD 8 mA max Typically 5 mA DIDD 13 mA max Typically 9 mA 1 See the Typical Performance Characteristics. 2 See the Terminology section for a definition of the parameters. 3 See the Analog Inputs section. TIMING CHARACTERISTICS AVDD = DVDD = 5 V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, on-chip reference, CLKIN = 10 MHz XTAL, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +85°C. Table 2. Parameter1, 2 Specification Unit Test Conditions/Comments WRITE TIMING t1 50 ns (min) CS falling edge to first SCLK falling edge t2 50 ns (min) SCLK logic high pulse width t3 50 ns (min) SCLK logic low pulse width t4 10 ns (min) Valid data setup time before falling edge of SCLK t5 5 ns (min) Data hold time after SCLK falling edge t6 1200 ns (min) Minimum time between the end of data byte transfers t7 400 ns (min) Minimum time between byte transfers during a serial write t8 100 ns (min) CS hold time after SCLK falling edge READ TIMING t93 4 μs (min) Minimum time between read command (that is, a write to communication register) and data read t10 50 ns (min) Minimum time between data byte transfers during a multibyte read t114 30 ns (min) Data access time after SCLK rising edge following a write to the communications register t125 100 ns (max) Bus relinquish time after falling edge of SCLK 10 ns (min) t135 100 ns (max) Bus relinquish time after rising edge of CS 10 ns (min) 1 Sample tested during initial release and after any redesign or process change that may affect this parameter. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90%) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V. 2 See the timing diagrams in Figure 3 and Figure 4 and the Serial Interface section. 3 Minimum time between read command and data read for all registers except waveform register, which is t9 = 500 ns min. 4 Measured with the load circuit in Figure 2 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8 V or 2.4 V. 5 Derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit in Figure 2. The measured number is then extrapolated back to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the time quoted here is the true bus relinquish time of the part and is independent of the bus loading. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 7 of 72 TIMING DIAGRAMS 200μAIOL1.6mAIOH2.1VTO OUTPUTPINCL50pF04443-002 Figure 2. Load Circuit for Timing Specifications DINSCLKCSt2t3t1t4t5t7t6t8COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE1A6A4A5A3A2A1A0DB7DB0DB7DB0t704443-003 Figure 3. Serial Write Timing SCLKCSt1t10t130A6A4A5A3A2A1A0DB0DB7DB0DB7DINDOUTt11t12COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTEt904443-004 Figure 4. Serial Read Timing ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 8 of 72 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter Rating AVDD to AGND –0.3 V to +7 V DVDD to DGND –0.3 V to +7 V DVDD to AVDD –0.3 V to +0.3 V Analog Input Voltage to AGND, IAP, IAN, IBP, IBN, ICP, ICN, VAP, VBP, VCP, VN –6 V to +6 V Reference Input Voltage to AGND –0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V Digital Input Voltage to DGND –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V Digital Output Voltage to DGND –0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V Operating Temperature Industrial Range –40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range –65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature 150°C 24-Lead SOIC, Power Dissipation 88 mW θJA Thermal Impedance 53°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec) 215°C Infrared (15 sec) 220°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 9 of 72 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS APCF1DGND2DVDD3AVDD4DOUT24SCLK23DIN22CS21IAP5CLKOUT20IAN6CLKIN19IBP7IRQ18IBN8VARCF17ICP9VAP16ICN10VBP15AGND11VCP14REFIN/OUT12VN13ADE7758TOP VIEW(Not to Scale)04443-005 Figure 5. Pin Configuration Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description 1 APCF Active Power Calibration Frequency (APCF) Logic Output. It provides active power information. This output is used for operational and calibration purposes. The full-scale output frequency can be scaled by writing to the APCFNUM and APCFDEN registers (see the Active Power Frequency Output section). 2 DGND This provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry in the ADE7758, that is, the multiplier, filters, and digital-to-frequency converter. Because the digital return currents in the ADE7758 are small, it is acceptable to connect this pin to the analog ground plane of the whole system. However, high bus capacitance on the DOUT pin can result in noisy digital current that could affect performance. 3 DVDD Digital Power Supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the digital circuitry in the ADE7758. The supply voltage should be maintained at 5 V ± 5% for specified operation. This pin should be decoupled to DGND with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor. 4 AVDD Analog Power Supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the analog circuitry in the ADE7758. The supply should be maintained at 5 V ± 5% for specified operation. Every effort should be made to minimize power supply ripple and noise at this pin by the use of proper decoupling. The Typical Performance Characteristics show the power supply rejection performance. This pin should be decoupled to AGND with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 IAP, IAN, IBP, IBN, ICP, ICN Analog Inputs for Current Channel. This channel is used with the current transducer and is referenced in this document as the current channel. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with maximum differential input signal levels of ±0.5 V, ±0.25 V, and ±0.125 V, depending on the gain selections of the internal PGA (see the Analog Inputs section). All inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry. In addition, an overvoltage of ±6 V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage. 11 AGND This pin provides the ground reference for the analog circuitry in the ADE7758, that is, ADCs, temperature sensor, and reference. This pin should be tied to the analog ground plane or the quietest ground reference in the system. This quiet ground reference should be used for all analog circuitry, for example, antialiasing filters, current, and voltage transducers. To keep ground noise around the ADE7758 to a minimum, the quiet ground plane should be connected to the digital ground plane at only one point. It is acceptable to place the entire device on the analog ground plane. 12 REFIN/OUT This pin provides access to the on-chip voltage reference. The on-chip reference has a nominal value of 2.4 V ± 8% and a typical temperature coefficient of 30 ppm/°C. An external reference source can also be connected at this pin. In either case, this pin should be decoupled to AGND with a 1 μF ceramic capacitor. 13, 14, 15, 16 VN, VCP, VBP, VAP Analog Inputs for the Voltage Channel. This channel is used with the voltage transducer and is referenced as the voltage channels in this document. These inputs are single-ended voltage inputs with the maximum signal level of ±0.5 V with respect to VN for specified operation. These inputs are voltage inputs with maximum input signal levels of ±0.5 V, ±0.25 V, and ±0.125 V, depending on the gain selections of the internal PGA (see the Analog Inputs section). All inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry, and in addition, an overvoltage of ±6 V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 10 of 72 Pin No. Mnemonic Description 17 VARCF Reactive Power Calibration Frequency Logic Output. It gives reactive power or apparent power information depending on the setting of the VACF bit of the WAVMODE register. This output is used for operational and calibration purposes. The full-scale output frequency can be scaled by writing to the VARCFNUM and VARCFDEN registers (see the Reactive Power Frequency Output section). 18 IRQ Interrupt Request Output. This is an active low open-drain logic output. Maskable interrupts include: an active energy register at half level, an apparent energy register at half level, and waveform sampling up to 26 kSPS (see the Interrupts section). 19 CLKIN Master Clock for ADCs and Digital Signal Processing. An external clock can be provided at this logic input. Alternatively, a parallel resonant AT crystal can be connected across CLKIN and CLKOUT to provide a clock source for the ADE7758. The clock frequency for specified operation is 10 MHz. Ceramic load capacitors of a few tens of picofarad should be used with the gate oscillator circuit. Refer to the crystal manufacturer’s data sheet for the load capacitance requirements 20 CLKOUT A crystal can be connected across this pin and CLKIN as previously described to provide a clock source for the ADE7758. The CLKOUT pin can drive one CMOS load when either an external clock is supplied at CLKIN or a crystal is being used. 21 CS Chip Select. Part of the 4-wire serial interface. This active low logic input allows the ADE7758 to share the serial bus with several other devices (see the Serial Interface section). 22 DIN Data Input for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted in at this pin on the falling edge of SCLK (see the Serial Interface section). 23 SCLK Serial Clock Input for the Synchronous Serial Interface. All serial data transfers are synchronized to this clock (see the Serial Interface section). The SCLK has a Schmidt-trigger input for use with a clock source that has a slow edge transition time, for example, opto-isolator outputs. 24 DOUT Data Output for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted out at this pin on the rising edge of SCLK. This logic output is normally in a high impedance state, unless it is driving data onto the serial data bus (see the Serial Interface section). Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 11 of 72 TERMINOLOGY Measurement Error The error associated with the energy measurement made by the ADE7758 is defined by %100–×=EnergyTrueEnergyTrueADE7758byRegisteredEnergyErrortMeasuremen (1) Phase Error Between Channels The high-pass filter (HPF) and digital integrator introduce a slight phase mismatch between the current and the voltage channel. The all-digital design ensures that the phase matching between the current channels and voltage channels in all three phases is within ±0.1° over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz and ±0.2° over a range of 40 Hz to 1 kHz. This internal phase mismatch can be combined with the external phase error (from current sensor or component tolerance) and calibrated with the phase calibration registers. Power Supply Rejection (PSR) This quantifies the ADE7758 measurement error as a percentage of reading when the power supplies are varied. For the ac PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when an ac signal (175 mV rms/100 Hz) is introduced onto the supplies. Any error introduced by this ac signal is expressed as a percentage of reading—see the Measurement Error definition. For the dc PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when the power supplies are varied ±5%. Any error introduced is again expressed as a percentage of the reading. ADC Offset Error This refers to the dc offset associated with the analog inputs to the ADCs. It means that with the analog inputs connected to AGND that the ADCs still see a dc analog input signal. The magnitude of the offset depends on the gain and input range selection (see the Typical Performance Characteristics section). However, when HPFs are switched on, the offset is removed from the current channels and the power calculation is not affected by this offset. Gain Error The gain error in the ADCs of the ADE7758 is defined as the difference between the measured ADC output code (minus the offset) and the ideal output code (see the Current Channel ADC section and the Voltage Channel ADC section). The difference is expressed as a percentage of the ideal code. Gain Error Match The gain error match is defined as the gain error (minus the offset) obtained when switching between a gain of 1, 2, or 4. It is expressed as a percentage of the output ADC code obtained under a gain of 1. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 12 of 72 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 0.5–0.5–0.4–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.30.40.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)+25°CPF = 1+85°C–40°C04443-006 Figure 6. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.3–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = +1, +25°CPF = +0.5, +25°CPF =–0.5, +25°CPF = +0.5, +85°CPF = +0.5,–40°C04443-007 Figure 7. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.3–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)GAIN = +2GAIN = +4PF = 1GAIN = +104443-008 Figure 8. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading over Gain with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.20–0.20–0.15–0.10–0.0500.050.100.150.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF =–0.5, +25°CPF = +0.5, +25°CPF = +0.5,–40°CPF = +0.5, +85°C04443-009 Figure 9. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Temperature with External Reference and Integrator Off 0.50.6–0.2–0.3–0.4–0.100.10.20.30.44547495153555759616365LINE FREQUENCY (Hz)PERCENT ERROR (%)WITH RESPECT TO 55HzPF = 1PF = 0.504443-010 Figure 10. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Frequency with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.080.10–0.06–0.08–0.10–0.04–0.0200.020.040.060.010.1110100PERCENTFULL-SCALECURRENT(%)PERCENT ERROR (%)WITH RESPECTTO 5V; 3AVDD=5VVDD=5.25VVDD=4.75VPF=104443-011 Figure 11. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Power Supply with Internal Reference and Integrator Off Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 13 of 72 0.200.25–0.15–0.20–0.25–0.10–0.0500.050.100.150.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PHASE APHASE BPHASE CALL PHASESPF = 104443-012 Figure 12. APCF Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.4–0.4–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.30.010.1110100PF = 0, +25°CPF = 0, +85°CPF = 0,–40°CPERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)04443-013 Figure 13. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.8–0.8–0.6–0.4–0.200.20.40.60.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 0, +25°CPF =–0.866, +25°CPF = +0.866, +25°CPF = +0.866, +85°CPF = +0.866,–40°C04443-014 Figure 14. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.3–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 0, +25°CPF = 0, +85°CPF = 0,–40°C04443-015 Figure 15. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Temperature with External Reference and Integrator Off 0.3–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 0, +25°CPF =–0.866, +25°CPF = +0.866, +25°CPF = +0.866, +85°CPF = +0.866,–40°C04443-016 Figure 16. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Power Factor with External Reference and Integrator Off 0.8–0.8–0.6–0.4–0.200.20.40.64547495153555759616365LINE FREQUENCY (Hz)PERCENT ERROR (%)WITH RESPECT TO 55HzPF = 0PF = 0.86604443-017 Figure 17. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Frequency with Internal Reference and Integrator Off ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 14 of 72 0.10–0.10–0.08–0.06–0.04–0.0200.020.040.060.080.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)WITH RESPECT TO 5V; 3A5V5.25V4.75V04443-018 Figure 18. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Supply with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.3–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)GAIN = +1GAIN = +2GAIN = +4PF = 004443-019 Figure 19. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading over Gain with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.4–0.4–0.2–0.3–0.100.10.20.30.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PHASE AALL PHASESPHASE CPHASE BPF = 104443-020 Figure 20. VARCF Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.3–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)+25°C+85°C–40°C04443-021 Figure 21. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator On 0.50.4–0.5–0.4–0.2–0.3–0.100.10.20.30.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = +1, +25°CPF =–0.5, +25°CPF = +0.5, +25°CPF = +0.5, +85°CPF = +0.5,–40°C04443-022 Figure 22. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator On 0.8–0.8–0.4–0.6–0.200.20.40.60.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 0, +25°CPF = +0.866, +25°CPF =–0.866, +25°CPF =–0.866, +85°CPF =–0.866,–40°C04443-023 Figure 23. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) over Power Factor with Internal Reference and Integrator On Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 15 of 72 0.4–0.5–0.4–0.2–0.3–0.100.10.20.30.010.1110100PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)+25°C+85°C–40°CPF = 004443-024 Figure 24. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator On 0.50.4–0.5–0.4–0.2–0.3–0.100.10.20.34547495153555759616365LINE FREQUENCY (Hz)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 1PF = 0.504443-025 Figure 25. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) over Frequency with Internal Reference and Integrator On 1.21.0–0.8–0.6–0.2–0.400.20.40.60.84547495153555759616365LINE FREQUENCY (Hz)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 0.866PF = 004443-026 Figure 26. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) over Frequency with Internal Reference and Integrator On 0.80.6–1.2–1.0–0.6–0.8–0.4–0.200.20.40.010.1110100PF = 0.5PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)PF = 104443-027 Figure 27. IRMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) with Internal Reference and Integrator Off 0.80.6–1.0–0.6–0.8–0.4–0.200.20.40.1110100PF = +1PF =–0.5PERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)04443-028 Figure 28. IRMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +4) with Internal Reference and Integrator On 0.4–0.4–0.3–0.2–0.100.10.20.3110100VOLTAGE (V)PERCENT ERROR (%)04443-029 Figure 29. VRMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) with Internal Reference ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 16 of 72 1.5–1.5–1.0–0.500.51.00.011100.1100+25°C+85°C–40°CPERCENT FULL-SCALE CURRENT (%)PERCENT ERROR (%)04443-030 –2024681012182115129630CH 1 PhB OFFSET (mV)HITSMEAN: 6.5149SD: 2.81604443-032 Figure 30. Apparent Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = +1) over Temperature with Internal Reference and Integrator Off Figure 32. Phase B Channel 1 Offset Distribution 2468101412121086420CH 1 PhC OFFSET (mV)HITSMEAN: 6.69333SD: 2.7044304443-033 –4–20246810121815129630CH 1 PhA OFFSET (mV)HITSMEAN: 5.55393SD: 3.298504443-031 Figure 33. Phase C Channel 1 Offset Distribution Figure 31. Phase A Channel 1 Offset Distribution Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 17 of 72 TEST CIRCUITS REFIN/OUT33nF1kΩ100nF33nF1kΩ10μFVDDVNIANIBPIBNICPICNVAPAVDDDVDDVBPVCPAGNDDGNDDOUTSCLKAPCFCLKOUTCLKINCSDINIRQ10MHz22pF22pFPS2501-1131121TO FREQ.COUNTER142320IAPRBSAMEASIAP, IAN98710161514100nF10μF33nF1kΩ1MΩ220V33nF1kΩ825ΩITO SPI BUS341956242321221812SAMEASIAP, IANSAMEAS VAPSAMEAS VAPADE7758CURRENTTRANSFORMER17VARCFCT TURN RATIO 1800:1CHANNEL 2 GAIN = +1CHANNEL 1 GAINRB110Ω25Ω42.5Ω81.25Ω04443-034 Figure 34. Test Circuit for Integrator Off REFIN/OUT33nF1kΩ33nF1kΩ33nF1kΩ33nF1kΩ100nF10μFVDDVNIANIBPIBNICPICNVAPAVDDDVDDVBPVCPAGNDDGNDDOUTSCLKAPCFCLKOUTCLKINCSDINIRQ10MHz22pF22pFPS2501-1131121TO FREQ.COUNTER142320IAPSAMEASIAP, IAN98710161514100nF10μF33nF1kΩ1MΩ220V33nF1kΩ825ΩTO SPI BUS341956242321221812SAMEASIAP, IANSAMEAS VAPSAMEAS VAPADE7758Idi/dt SENSOR17VARCFCHANNEL 1 GAIN = +8CHANNEL 2 GAIN = +104443-035 Figure 35. Test Circuit for Integrator On ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 18 of 72 THEORY OF OPERATION ANTIALIASING FILTER This filter prevents aliasing, which is an artifact of all sampled systems. Input signals with frequency components higher than half the ADC sampling rate distort the sampled signal at a fre-quency below half the sampling rate. This happens with all ADCs, regardless of the architecture. The combination of the high sampling rate Σ-Δ ADC used in the ADE7758 with the relatively low bandwidth of the energy meter allows a very simple low-pass filter (LPF) to be used as an antialiasing filter. A simple RC filter (single pole) with a corner frequency of 10 kHz produces an attenuation of approximately 40 dB at 833 kHz. This is usually sufficient to eliminate the effects of aliasing. ANALOG INPUTS The ADE7758 has six analog inputs divided into two channels: current and voltage. The current channel consists of three pairs of fully differential voltage inputs: IAP and IAN, IBP and IBN, and ICP and ICN. These fully differential voltage input pairs have a maximum differential signal of ±0.5 V. The current channel has a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with possible gain selection of 1, 2, or 4. In addition to the PGA, the current channels also have a full-scale input range selection for the ADC. The ADC analog input range selection is also made using the gain register (see Figure 38). As mentioned previously, the maximum differential input voltage is ±0.5 V. However, by using Bit 3 and Bit 4 in the gain register, the maximum ADC input voltage can be set to ±0.5 V, ±0.25 V, or ±0.125 V on the current channels. This is achieved by adjusting the ADC reference (see the Reference Circuit section). Figure 36 shows the maximum signal levels on the current channel inputs. The maximum common-mode signal is ±25 mV, as shown in Figure 37. DIFFERENTIAL INPUTV1 + V2 = 500mV MAX PEAK+500mVVCMV1IAP, IBP,OR ICPVCM–500mVCOMMON-MODE±25mV MAXV1 + V2V2IAN, IBN,OR ICN04443-036 Figure 36. Maximum Signal Levels, Current Channels, Gain = 1 The voltage channel has three single-ended voltage inputs: VAP, VBP, and VCP. These single-ended voltage inputs have a maximum input voltage of ±0.5 V with respect to VN. Both the current and voltage channel have a PGA with possible gain selections of 1, 2, or 4. The same gain is applied to all the inputs of each channel. Figure 37 shows the maximum signal levels on the voltage channel inputs. The maximum common-mode signal is ±25 mV, as shown in Figure 36. SINGLE-ENDED INPUT±500mV MAX PEAK+500mVAGNDVCMV2VAP, VBP,OR VCPVCM–500mVCOMMON-MODE±25mV MAXVNV204443-037 Figure 37. Maximum Signal Levels, Voltage Channels, Gain = 1 The gain selections are made by writing to the gain register. Bit 0 to Bit 1 select the gain for the PGA in the fully differential current channel. The gain selection for the PGA in the single-ended voltage channel is made via Bit 5 to Bit 6. Figure 38 shows how a gain selection for the current channel is made using the gain register. IAP, IBP, ICPIAN, IBN, ICNVINK ×VINGAIN[7:0]GAIN (K)SELECTION04443-038 Figure 38. PGA in Current Channel Figure 39 shows how the gain settings in PGA 1 (current channel) and PGA 2 (voltage channel) are selected by various bits in the gain register. GAIN REGISTER1CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CHANNEL PGA CONTROL7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0ADDRESS: 0x23RESERVED1REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULTSPGA 2 GAIN SELECT00 = ×101 = ×210 = ×4INTEGRATOR ENABLE0 = DISABLE1 = ENABLEPGA 1 GAIN SELECT00 = ×101 = ×210 = ×4CURRENT INPUT FULL-SCALE SELECT00 = 0.5V01 = 0.25V10 = 0.125V04443-039 Figure 39. Analog Gain Register Bit 7 of the gain register is used to enable the digital integrator in the current signal path. Setting this bit activates the digital integrator (see the DI/DT Current Sensor and Digital Integrator section). Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 19 of 72 CURRENT CHANNEL ADC Figure 41 shows the ADC and signal processing path for the input IA of the current channels (same for IB and IC). In waveform sampling mode, the ADC outputs are signed twos complement 24-bit data-words at a maximum of 26.0 kSPS (thousand samples per second). With the specified full-scale analog input signal of ±0.5 V, the ADC produces its maximum output code value (see Figure 41). This diagram shows a full-scale voltage signal being applied to the differential inputs IAP and IAN. The ADC output swings between 0xD7AE14 (−2,642,412) and 0x2851EC (+2,642,412). Current Channel Sampling The waveform samples of the current channel can be routed to the WFORM register at fixed sampling rates by setting the WAVSEL[2:0] bit in the WAVMODE register to 000 (binary) (see Table 20). The phase in which the samples are routed is set by setting the PHSEL[1:0] bits in the WAVMODE register. Energy calculation remains uninterrupted during waveform sampling. When in waveform sample mode, one of four output sample rates can be chosen by using Bit 5 and Bit 6 of the WAVMODE register (DTRT[1:0]). The output sample rate can be 26.04 kSPS, 13.02 kSPS, 6.51 kSPS, or 3.25 kSPS. By setting the WFSM bit in the interrupt mask register to Logic 1, the interrupt request output IRQ goes active low when a sample is available. The timing is shown in . The 24-bit waveform samples are transferred from the one byte (8-bits) at a time, with the most significant byte shifted out first. Figure 40ADE7758READ FROMWAVEFORM0SGNCURRENT CHANNEL DATA–24 BITS0x12SCLKDINDOUTIRQ04443-040 Figure 40. Current Channel Waveform Sampling The interrupt request output IRQ stays low until the interrupt routine reads the reset status register (see the section). InterruptsDIGITALINTEGRATOR1GAIN[7]ADCREFERENCEACTIVEAND REACTIVEPOWER CALCULATIONWAVEFORM SAMPLEREGISTERCURRENT RMS (IRMS)CALCULATIONIAPIANPGA1VINGAIN[4:3]2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6VGAIN[1:0]×1, ×2, ×4ANALOGINPUTRANGEVIN0V0.5V/GAIN0.25V/GAIN0.125V/GAINADC OUTPUTWORD RANGECHANNEL 1(CURRENTWAVEFORM)DATA RANGE0xD7AE140x0000000x2851EC50HzCHANNEL 1 (CURRENTWAVEFORM)DATA RANGEAFTER INTEGRATOR(50HzANDAIGAIN[11:0] = 0x000)0xCB2E480x0000000x34D1B860HzCHANNEL 1 (CURRENTWAVEFORM)DATA RANGEAFTER INTEGRATOR(60HzANDAIGAIN[11:0] = 0x000)0xD4176D0x0000000x2BE893HPF04443-0411WHEN DIGITAL INTEGRATOR IS ENABLED, FULL-SCALE OUTPUT DATA ISATTENUATED DEPENDING ON THE SIGNAL FREQUENCY BECAUSE THE INTEGRATOR HAS A –20dB/DECADE FREQUENCY RESPONSE. WHEN DISABLED, THE OUTPUT WILL NOT BE FURTHERATTENUATED. Figure 41. Current Channel Signal Path ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 20 of 72 DI/DT CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATOR The di/dt sensor detects changes in the magnetic field caused by the ac current. Figure 42 shows the principle of a di/dt current sensor. MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY CURRENT (DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT) + EMF (ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE) – INDUCED BY CHANGES IN MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (di/dt) 04443-042 Figure 42. Principle of a di/dt Current Sensor The flux density of a magnetic field induced by a current is directly proportional to the magnitude of the current. The changes in the magnetic flux density passing through a conductor loop generate an electromotive force (EMF) between the two ends of the loop. The EMF is a voltage signal that is propor- tional to the di/dt of the current. The voltage output from the di/dt current sensor is determined by the mutual inductance between the current carrying conductor and the di/dt sensor. The current signal needs to be recovered from the di/dt signal before it can be used. An integrator is therefore necessary to restore the signal to its original form. The ADE7758 has a built- in digital integrator to recover the current signal from the di/dt sensor. The digital integrator on Channel 1 is disabled by default when the ADE7758 is powered up. Setting the MSB of the GAIN[7:0] register turns on the integrator. Figure 43 to Figure 46 show the magnitude and phase response of the digital integrator. 10 100 1k 10k 20 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 FREQUENCY (Hz) GAIN (dB) 04443-043 Figure 43. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator 10 100 1k 10k 80 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 FREQUENCY (Hz) PHASE (Degrees) 04443-044 Figure 44. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 5 –1 0 1 2 3 4 FREQUENCY (Hz) MAGNITUDE (dB) 04443-045 Figure 45. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz) 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 89.80 90.10 90.05 90.00 89.95 89.90 89.85 FREQUENCY (Hz) PHASE (Degrees) 04443-046 Figure 46. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz) Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 21 of 72 Note that the integrator has a −20 dB/dec attenuation and approximately −90° phase shift. When combined with a di/dt sensor, the resulting magnitude and phase response should be a flat gain over the frequency band of interest. However, the di/dt sensor has a 20 dB/dec gain associated with it and generates significant high frequency noise. A more effective antialiasing filter is needed to avoid noise due to aliasing (see the Theory of Operation section). When the digital integrator is switched off, the ADE7758 can be used directly with a conventional current sensor, such as a current transformer (CT) or a low resistance current shunt. PEAK CURRENT DETECTION The ADE7758 can be programmed to record the peak of the current waveform and produce an interrupt if the current exceeds a preset limit. Peak Current Detection Using the PEAK Register The peak absolute value of the current waveform within a fixed number of half-line cycles is stored in the IPEAK register. Figure 47 illustrates the timing behavior of the peak current detection. L2 L1 CONTENT OF IPEAK[7:0] 00 L1L2L1 NO. OF HALF LINE CYCLES SPECIFIED BY LINECYC[15:0] REGISTER CURRENT WAVEFORM (PHASE SELECTED BY PEAKSEL[2:0] IN MMODE REGISTER) 04443-047 Figure 47. Peak Current Detection Using the IPEAK Register Note that the content of the IPEAK register is equivalent to Bit 14 to Bit 21 of the current waveform sample. At full-scale analog input, the current waveform sample is 0x2851EC. The IPEAK at full-scale input is therefore expected to be 0xA1. In addition, multiple phases can be activated for the peak detection simultaneously by setting more than one of the PEAKSEL[2:4] bits in the MMODE register to logic high. These bits select the phase for both voltage and current peak measurements. Note that if more than one bit is set, the VPEAK and IPEAK registers can hold values from two different phases, that is, the voltage and current peak are independently processed (see the Peak Current Detection section). Note that the number of half-line cycles is based on counting the zero crossing of the voltage channel. The ZXSEL[2:0] bits in the LCYCMODE register determine which voltage channels are used for the zero-crossing detection. The same signal is also used for line cycle energy accumulation mode if activated (see the Line Cycle Accumulation Mode Register (0X17) section). OVERCURRENT DETECTION INTERRUPT Figure 48 illustrates the behavior of the overcurrent detection. IPINTLVL[7:0] READ RSTATUS REGISTER PKI INTERRUPT FLAG (BIT 15 OF STATUS REGISTER) PKI RESET LOW WHEN RSTATUS REGISTER IS READ CURRENT PEAK WAVEFORM BEING MONITORED (SELECTED BY PKIRQSEL[2:0] IN MMODE REGISTER) 04443-048 Figure 48. ADE7758 Overcurrent Detection Note that the content of the IPINTLVL[7:0] register is equivalent to Bit 14 to Bit 21 of the current waveform sample. Therefore, setting this register to 0xA1 represents putting peak detection at full-scale analog input. Figure 48 shows a current exceeding a threshold. The overcurrent event is recorded by setting the PKI flag (Bit 15) in the interrupt status register. If the PKI enable bit is set to Logic 1 in the interrupt mask register, the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the Interrupts section). Similar to peak level detection, multiple phases can be activated for peak detection. If any of the active phases produce waveform samples above the threshold, the PKI flag in the interrupt status register is set. The phase of which overcurrent is monitored is set by the PKIRQSEL[2:0] bits in the MMODE register (see Table 19). ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 22 of 72 ADCTO VOLTAGE RMSCALCULATION ANDWAVEFORM SAMPLINGTO ACTIVE ANDREACTIVE ENERGYCALCULATIONVAP+–VNPGAVAGAIN[6:5]×1, ×2, ×4LPF OUTPUTWORD RANGE0xD8690x00x279750HzLPF OUTPUTWORD RANGE0xD8B80x00x274860Hz0xD7AE0x00x2852PHASECALIBRATIONPHCAL[6:0]ΦANALOG INPUTRANGEVA0V0.5VGAINLPF1f3dB = 260Hz04443-049 Figure 49. ADC and Signal Processing in Voltage Channel VOLTAGE CHANNEL ADC Figure 49 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for the input VA in the voltage channel. The VB and VC channels have similar processing chains. For active and reactive energy measurements, the output of the ADC passes to the multipliers directly and is not filtered. This solution avoids the much larger multibit multiplier and does not affect the accuracy of the measurement. An HPF is not implemented on the voltage channel to remove the dc offset because the HPF on the current channel alone should be sufficient to eliminate error due to ADC offsets in the power calculation. However, ADC offset in the voltage channels produces large errors in the voltage rms calculation and affects the accuracy of the apparent energy calculation. Voltage Channel Sampling The waveform samples on the voltage channels can also be routed to the WFORM register. However, before passing to the WFORM register, the ADC outputs pass through a single-pole, low-pass filter (LPF1) with a cutoff frequency at 260 Hz. Figure 50 shows the magnitude and phase response of LPF1. This filter attenuates the signal slightly. For example, if the line frequency is 60 Hz, the signal at the output of LPF1 is attenuated by 3.575%. The waveform samples are 16-bit, twos complement data ranging between 0x2748 (+10,056d) and 0xD8B8 (−10,056d). The data is sign extended to 24-bit in the WFORM register. ()dB225.0974.0Hz260Hz60112−==⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛+=fH (3) 0–20–40–60–800–10–20–30–40101001kFREQUENCY (Hz)PHASE (Degrees)GAIN (dB)(60Hz;–0.2dB)(60Hz;–13°)04443-050 Figure 50. Magnitude and Phase Response of LPF1 Note that LPF1 does not affect the active and reactive energy calculation because it is only used in the waveform sampling signal path. However, waveform samples are used for the voltage rms calculation and the subsequent apparent energy accumulation. The WAVSEL[2:0] bits in the WAVMODE register should be set to 001 (binary) to start the voltage waveform sampling. The PHSEL[1:0] bits control the phase from which the samples are routed. In waveform sampling mode, one of four output sample rates can be chosen by changing Bit 5 and Bit 6 of the WAVMODE register (see Table 20). The available output sample rates are 26.0 kSPS, 13.5 kSPS, 6.5 kSPS, or 3.3 kSPS. By setting the WFSM bit in the interrupt mask register to Logic 1, the interrupt request output IRQ goes active low when a sample is available. The 24-bit waveform samples are transferred from the one byte (8 bits) at a time, with the most significant byte shifted out first. ADE7758 The sign of the register is extended in the upper 8 bits. The timing is the same as for the current channels, as seen in Figure 40. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 23 of 72 ZERO-CROSSING DETECTION The ADE7758 has zero-crossing detection circuits for each of the voltage channels (VAN, VBN, and VCN). Figure 51 shows how the zero-cross signal is generated from the output of the ADC of the voltage channel. REFERENCEADCZERO-CROSSINGDETECTORPGAVAN,VBN,VCNGAIN[6:5]×1,×2,×4LPF1f–3dB=260Hz24.8°@60HzANALOGVOLTAGEWAVEFORM(VAN,VBN, ORVCN)LPF1OUTPUTREADRSTATUSIRQ1.00.90804443-051 Figure 51. Zero-Crossing Detection on Voltage Channels The zero-crossing interrupt is generated from the output of LPF1. LPF1 has a single pole at 260 Hz (CLKIN = 10 MHz). As a result, there is a phase lag between the analog input signal of the voltage channel and the output of LPF1. The phase response of this filter is shown in the Voltage Channel Sampling section. The phase lag response of LPF1 results in a time delay of approximately 1.1 ms (at 60 Hz) between the zero crossing on the voltage inputs and the resulting zero-crossing signal. Note that the zero-crossing signal is used for the line cycle accumulation mode, zero-crossing interrupt, and line period/frequency measurement. When one phase crosses from negative to positive, the corresponding flag in the interrupt status register (Bit 9 to Bit 11) is set to Logic 1. An active low in the IRQ output also appears if the corresponding ZX bit in the interrupt mask register is set to Logic 1. Note that only zero crossing from negative to positive generates an interrupt. The flag in the interrupt status register is reset to 0 when the interrupt status register with reset (RSTATUS) is read. Each phase has its own interrupt flag and mask bit in the interrupt register. Zero-Crossing Timeout Each zero-crossing detection has an associated internal timeout register (not accessible to the user). This unsigned, 16-bit register is decreased by 1 every 384/CLKIN seconds. The registers are reset to a common user-programmed value, that is, the zero-crossing timeout register (ZXTOUT[15:0], Address 0x1B), every time a zero crossing is detected on its associated input. The default value of ZXTOUT is 0xFFFF. If the internal register decrements to 0 before a zero crossing at the corresponding input is detected, it indicates an absence of a zero crossing in the time determined by the ZXTOUT[15:0]. The ZXTOx detection bit of the corresponding phase in the interrupt status register is then switched on (Bit 6 to Bit 8). An active low on the IRQ output also appears if the ZXTOx mask bit for the corresponding phase in the interrupt mask register is set to Logic 1. shows the mechanism of the zero-crossing timeout detection when the Line Voltage A stays at a fixed dc level for more than 384/CLKIN × ZXTOUT[15:0] seconds. Figure 52ZXTOADETECTION BITREADRSTATUSVOLTAGECHANNEL AZXTOUT[15:0]16-BIT INTERNALREGISTER VALUE04443-052 Figure 52. Zero-Crossing Timeout Detection PHASE COMPENSATION When the HPF in the current channel is disabled, the phase error between the current channel (IA, IB, or IC) and the corresponding voltage channel (VA, VB, or VC) is negligible. When the HPF is enabled, the current channels have phase response (see Figure 53 through Figure 55). The phase response is almost 0 from 45 Hz to 1 kHz. The frequency band is sufficient for the requirements of typical energy measurement applications. However, despite being internally phase compensated, the ADE7758 must work with transducers that may have inherent phase errors. For example, a current transformer (CT) with a phase error of 0.1° to 0.3° is not uncommon. These phase errors can vary from part to part, and they must be corrected to perform accurate power calculations. The errors associated with phase mismatch are particularly noticeable at low power factors. The ADE7758 provides a means of digitally calibrating these small phase errors. The ADE7758 allows a small time delay or time advance to be introduced into the signal processing chain to compensate for the small phase errors. The phase calibration registers (APHCAL, BPHCAL, and CPHCAL) are twos complement, 7-bit sign-extended registers that can vary the time advance in the voltage channel signal path from +153.6 μs to −75.6 μs (CLKIN = 10 MHz), ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 24 of 72 407065605550450.200.150.100.050–0.05–0.10FREQUENCY (Hz)PHASE (Degrees)04443-054 respectively. Negative values written to the PHCAL registers represent a time advance, and positive values represent a time delay. One LSB is equivalent to 1.2 μs of time delay or 2.4 μs of time advance with a CLKIN of 10 MHz. With a line frequency of 60 Hz, this gives a phase resolution of 0.026° (360° × 1.2 μs × 60 Hz) at the fundamental in the positive direction (delay) and 0.052° in the negative direction (advance). This corresponds to a total correction range of −3.32° to +1.63° at 60 Hz. Figure 56 illustrates how the phase compensation is used to remove a 0.1° phase lead in IA of the current channel from the external current transducer. To cancel the lead (0.1°) in the current channel of Phase A, a phase lead must be introduced into the corresponding voltage channel. The resolution of the phase adjustment allows the introduction of a phase lead of 0.104°. The phase lead is achieved by introducing a time advance into VA. A time advance of 4.8 μs is made by writing −2 (0x7E) to the time delay block (APHCAL[6:0]), thus reducing the amount of time delay by 4.8 μs or equivalently, 360° × 4.8 μs × 60 Hz = 0.104° at 60 Hz. Figure 54. Phase Response of the HPF and Phase Compensation (40 Hz to 70 Hz) 445654525048460.100.080.060.040.020–0.02FREQUENCY (Hz)PHASE (Degrees)04443-055 01002003004005006007008001k9009001020304050607080FREQUENCY (Hz)PHASE (Degrees)04443-053 Figure 55. Phase Response of HPF and Phase Compensation (44 Hz to 56 Hz) Figure 53. Phase Response of the HPF and Phase Compensation (10 Hz to 1 kHz) Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 25 of 72 PGA1IAPIANIAADCHPFPGA2VAPVNVAADC60Hz0.1°IAVARANGE OF PHASECALIBRATION111110060APHCAL[6:0]–153.6μsTO +75.6μsVAVAADVANCED BY 4.8μs(+0.104° @ 60Hz)0x7EIA60HzDIGITALINTEGRATORACTIVE ANDREACTIVEENERGYCALCULATION+1.36°, –2.76° @ 50Hz; 0.022°, 0.043°+1.63°, –3.31° @ 60Hz; 0.026°, 0.052°04443-056 Figure 56. Phase Calibration on Voltage Channels PERIOD MEASUREMENT The ADE7758 provides the period or frequency measurement of the line voltage. The period is measured on the phase specified by Bit 0 to Bit 1 of the MMODE register. The period register is an unsigned 12-bit FREQ register and is updated every four periods of the selected phase. Bit 7 of the LCYCMODE selects whether the period register displays the frequency or the period. Setting this bit causes the register to display the period. The default setting is logic low, which causes the register to display the frequency. When set to measure the period, the resolution of this register is 96/CLKIN per LSB (9.6 μs/LSB when CLKIN is 10 MHz), which represents 0.06% when the line frequency is 60 Hz. At 60 Hz, the value of the period register is 1737d. At 50 Hz, the value of the period register is 2084d. When set to measure frequency, the value of the period register is approximately 960d at 60 Hz and 800d at 50 Hz. This is equivalent to 0.0625 Hz/LSB. LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECTION The ADE7758 can be programmed to detect when the absolute value of the line voltage of any phase drops below a certain peak value for a number of half cycles. Each phase of the voltage channel is controlled simultaneously. This condition is illustrated in Figure 57. Figure 57 shows a line voltage fall below a threshold, which is set in the SAG level register (SAGLVL[7:0]), for nine half cycles. Because the SAG cycle register indicates a six half-cycle threshold (SAGCYC[7:0] = 0x06), the SAG event is recorded at the end of the sixth half cycle by setting the SAG flag of the corresponding phase in the interrupt status register (Bit 1 to Bit 3 in the interrupt status register). If the SAG enable bit is set to Logic 1 for this phase (Bit 1 to Bit 3 in the interrupt mask register), the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the section). The phases are compared to the same parameters defined in the SAGLVL and SAGCYC registers. InterruptsSAGLVL[7:0]FULL-SCALEREAD RSTATUSREGISTERSAGCYC[7:0]=0x066HALFCYCLESSAG INTERRUPT FLAG(BIT 3 TO BIT 5 OFSTATUS REGISTER)VAP, VBP, OR VCPSAG EVENT RESET LOWWHEN VOLTAGE CHANNELEXCEEDS SAGLVL[7:0]04443-057 Figure 57. ADE7758 SAG Detection Figure 57 shows a line voltage fall below a threshold, which is set in the SAG level register (SAGLVL[7:0]), for nine half cycles. Because the SAG cycle register indicates a six half-cycle threshold (SAGCYC[7:0] = 0x06), the SAG event is recorded at the end of the sixth half cycle by setting the SAG flag of the corresponding phase in the interrupt status register (Bit 1 to Bit 3 in the interrupt status register). If the SAG enable bit is set to Logic 1 for this phase (Bit 1 to Bit 3 in the interrupt mask register), the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the section). The phases are compared to the same parameters defined in the SAGLVL and SAGCYC registers. Interrupts ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 26 of 72 SAG LEVEL SET The contents of the single-byte SAG level register, SAGLVL[0:7], are compared to the absolute value of Bit 6 to Bit 13 from the voltage waveform samples. For example, the nominal maximum code of the voltage channel waveform samples with a full-scale signal input at 60 Hz is 0x2748 (see the Voltage Channel Sampling section). Bit 13 to Bit 6 are 0x9D. Therefore, writing 0x9D to the SAG level register puts the SAG detection level at full scale and sets the SAG detection to its most sensitive value. The detection is made when the content of the SAGLVL[7:0] register is greater than the incoming sample. Writing 0x00 puts the SAG detection level at 0. The detection of a decrease of an input voltage is disabled in this case. PEAK VOLTAGE DETECTION The ADE7758 can record the peak of the voltage waveform and produce an interrupt if the current exceeds a preset limit. Peak Voltage Detection Using the VPEAK Register The peak absolute value of the voltage waveform within a fixed number of half-line cycles is stored in the VPEAK register. Figure 58 illustrates the timing behavior of the peak voltage detection. L2L1CONTENT OFVPEAK[7:0]00L1L2L1NO. OF HALFLINE CYCLESSPECIFIED BYLINECYC[15:0]REGISTERVOLTAGE WAVEFORM(PHASE SELECTED BYPEAKSEL[2:4]IN MMODE REGISTER)04443-058 Figure 58. Peak Voltage Detection Using the VPEAK Register Note that the content of the VPEAK register is equivalent to Bit 6 to Bit 13 of the 16-bit voltage waveform sample. At full-scale analog input, the voltage waveform sample at 60 Hz is 0x2748. The VPEAK at full-scale input is, therefore, expected to be 0x9D. In addition, multiple phases can be activated for the peak detection simultaneously by setting multiple bits among the PEAKSEL[2:4] bits in the MMODE register. These bits select the phase for both voltage and current peak measurements. Note that if more than one bit is set, the VPEAK and IPEAK registers can hold values from two different phases, that is, the voltage and current peak are independently processed (see the Peak Current Detection section). Note that the number of half-line cycles is based on counting the zero crossing of the voltage channel. The ZXSEL[2:0] bits in the LCYCMODE register determine which voltage channels are used for the zero-crossing detection (see Table 22). The same signal is also used for line cycle energy accumulation mode if activated. Overvoltage Detection Interrupt Figure 59 illustrates the behavior of the overvoltage detection. VPINTLVL[7:0]READ RSTATUSREGISTERPKV INTERRUPT FLAG(BIT 14 OF STATUSREGISTER)PKV RESET LOWWHEN RSTATUSREGISTER IS READVOLTAGE PEAK WAVEFORM BEING MONITORED(SELECTED BY PKIRQSEL[5:7] IN MMODE REGISTER)04443-059 Figure 59. ADE7758 Overvoltage Detection Note that the content of the VPINTLVL[7:0] register is equivalent to Bit 6 to Bit 13 of the 16-bit voltage waveform samples; therefore, setting this register to 0x9D represents putting the peak detection at full-scale analog input. Figure 59 shows a voltage exceeding a threshold. By setting the PKV flag (Bit 14) in the interrupt status register, the overvoltage event is recorded. If the PKV enable bit is set to Logic 1 in the interrupt mask register, the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the section). Interrupts Multiple phases can be activated for peak detection. If any of the active phases produce waveform samples above the threshold, the PKV flag in the interrupt status register is set. The phase in which overvoltage is monitored is set by the PKIRQSEL[5:7] bits in the MMODE register (see Table 19). PHASE SEQUENCE DETECTION The ADE7758 has an on-chip phase sequence error detection interrupt. This detection works on phase voltages and considers all associated zero crossings. The regular succession of these zero crossings events is a negative to positive transition on Phase A, followed by a positive to negative transition on Phase C, followed by a negative to positive transition on Phase B, and so on. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 27 of 72 On the ADE7758, if the regular succession of the zero crossings presented above happens, the SEQERR bit (Bit 19) in the STATUS register is set (Figure 60). If SEQERR is set in the mask register, the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the section). Interrupts If the regular zero crossing succession does not occur, that is when a negative to positive transition on Phase A followed by a positive to negative transition on Phase B, followed by a negative to positive transition on Phase C, and so on, the SEQERR bit (Bit 19) in the STATUS register is cleared to 0. To have the ADE7758 trigger SEQERR status bit when the zero crossing regular succession does not occur, the analog inputs for Phase C and Phase B should be swapped. In this case, the Phase B voltage input should be wired to the VCP pin, and the Phase C voltage input should be wired to the VBP pin. 04443-060ABSEQERR BIT OF STATUS REGISTER IS SETA = 0°B = –120°C = +120°CVOLTAGEWAVEFORMSZEROCROSSINGSCABCACAB Figure 60. Regular Phase Sequence Sets SEQERR Bit to 1 04443-160ACSEQERR BIT OF STATUS REGISTER IS NOT SETA = 0°C = –120°B = +120°BZEROCROSSINGSVOLTAGEWAVEFORMSBACBABAC Figure 61. Erroneous Phase Sequence Clears SEQERR Bit to 0 POWER-SUPPLY MONITOR The ADE7758 also contains an on-chip power-supply monitor. The analog supply (AVDD) is monitored continuously by the ADE7758. If the supply is less than 4 V ± 5%, the ADE7758 goes into an inactive state, that is, no energy is accumulated when the supply voltage is below 4 V. This is useful to ensure correct device operation at power-up and during power-down. The power-supply monitor has built-in hysteresis and filtering. This gives a high degree of immunity to false triggering due to noisy supplies. When AVDD returns above 4 V ± 5%, the ADE7758 waits 18 μs for the voltage to achieve the recommended voltage range, 5 V ± 5% and then becomes ready to function. Figure 62 shows the behavior of the ADE7758 when the voltage of AVDD falls below the power-supply monitor threshold. The power supply and decoupling for the part should be designed such that the ripple at AVDD does not exceed 5 V ± 5% as specified for normal operation. AVDD5V4V0VADE7758INTERNALCALCULATIONSACTIVEINACTIVEINACTIVETIME04443-061 Figure 62. On-Chip, Power-Supply Monitoring REFERENCE CIRCUIT The nominal reference voltage at the REFIN/OUT pin is 2.42 V. This is the reference voltage used for the ADCs in the ADE7758. However, the current channels have three input range selections (full scale is selectable among 0.5 V, 0.25 V, and 0.125 V). This is achieved by dividing the reference internally by 1, ½, and ¼. The reference value is used for the ADC in the current channels. Note that the full-scale selection is only available for the current inputs. The REFIN/OUT pin can be overdriven by an external source, for example, an external 2.5 V reference. Note that the nominal reference value supplied to the ADC is now 2.5 V and not 2.42 V. This has the effect of increasing the nominal analog input signal range by 2.5/2.42 × 100% = 3% or from 0.5 V to 0.5165 V. The voltage of the ADE7758 reference drifts slightly with temperature; see the Specifications section for the temperature coefficient specification (in ppm/°C). The value of the temperature drift varies from part to part. Because the reference is used for all ADCs, any ×% drift in the reference results in a 2×% deviation of the meter accuracy. The reference drift resulting from temperature changes is usually very small and typically much smaller than the drift of other components on a meter. Alternatively, the meter can be calibrated at multiple temperatures. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT The ADE7758 also includes an on-chip temperature sensor. A temperature measurement is made every 4/CLKIN seconds. The output from the temperature sensing circuit is connected to an ADC for digitizing. The resultant code is processed and placed in the temperature register (TEMP[7:0]). This register can be read by the user and has an address of 0x11 (see the Serial Interface section). The contents of the temperature register are signed (twos complement) with a resolution of 3°C/LSB. The offset of this register may vary significantly from part to part. To calibrate this register, the nominal value should be measured, and the equation should be adjusted accordingly. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 28 of 72 Temp (°C) = [(TEMP[7:0] − Offset) × 3°C/LSB] + Ambient(°C) (4) For example, if the temperature register produces a code of 0x46 at ambient temperature (25°C), and the temperature register currently reads 0x50, then the temperature is 55°C : Temp (°C) = [(0x50 – 0x46) × 3°C/LSB] + 25°C = 55°C Depending on the nominal value of the register, some finite temperature can cause the register to roll over. This should be compensated for in the system master (MCU). The ADE7758 temperature register varies with power supply. It is recommended to use the temperature register only in applications with a fixed, stable power supply. Typical error with respect to power supply variation is show in Table 5. Table 5. Temperature Register Error with Power Supply Variation 4.5 V 4.75 V 5 V 5.25 V 5.5 V Register Value 219 216 214 211 208 % Error +2.34 +0.93 0 −1.40 −2.80 ROOT MEAN SQUARE MEASUREMENT Root mean square (rms) is a fundamental measurement of the magnitude of an ac signal. Its definition can be both practical and mathematical. Defined practically, the rms value assigned to an ac signal is the amount of dc required to produce an equivalent amount of power in the load. Mathematically, the rms value of a continuous signal f(t) is defined as ()dtT120TtfFRMS∫= (5) For time sampling signals, rms calculation involves squaring the signal, taking the average, and obtaining the square root. ][112nfNFRMSNnΣ== (6) The method used to calculate the rms value in the ADE7758 is to low-pass filter the square of the input signal (LPF3) and take the square root of the result (see Figure 63). i(t) = √2 × IRMS × sin(ωt) (7) then i2(t) = IRMS2 − IRMS2 × cos(ωt) (8) The rms calculation is simultaneously processed on the six analog input channels. Each result is available in separate registers. While the ADE7758 measures nonsinusoidal signals, it should be noted that the voltage rms measurement, and therefore the apparent energy, are bandlimited to 260 Hz. The current rms as well as the active power have a bandwidth of 14 kHz. Current RMS Calculation Figure 63 shows the detail of the signal processing chain for the rms calculation on one of the phases of the current channel. The current channel rms value is processed from the samples used in the current channel waveform sampling mode. The current rms values are stored in 24-bit registers (AIRMS, BIRMS, and CIRMS). One LSB of the current rms register is equivalent to one LSB of the current waveform sample. The update rate of the current rms measurement is CLKIN/12. SGN224223222216215214CURRENT SIGNALFROM HPF ORINTEGRATOR(IF ENABLED)0x1D37810x00++0x2851EC0x00xD7AE14X2LPF3AIRMS[23:0]AIRMSOS[11:0]04443-062 Figure 63. Current RMS Signal Processing With the specified full-scale analog input signal of 0.5 V, the ADC produces an output code that is approximately ±2,642,412d (see the Current Channel ADC section). The equivalent rms value of a full-scale sinusoidal signal at 60 Hz is 1,914,753 (0x1D3781). The accuracy of the current rms is typically 0.5% error from the full-scale input down to 1/500 of the full-scale input. Additionally, this measurement has a bandwidth of 14 kHz. It is recommended to read the rms registers synchronous to the voltage zero crossings to ensure stability. The IRQ can be used to indicate when a zero crossing has occurred (see the Interrupts section). Table 6 shows the settling time for the IRMS measurement, which is the time it takes for the rms register to reflect the value at the input to the current channel. Table 6. Settling Time for IRMS Measurement 63% 100% Integrator Off 80 ms 960 ms Integrator On 40 ms 1.68 sec Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 29 of 72 Current RMS Offset Compensation The ADE7758 incorporates a current rms offset compensation register for each phase (AIRMSOS, BIRMSOS, and CIRMSOS). These are 12-bit signed registers that can be used to remove offsets in the current rms calculations. An offset can exist in the rms calculation due to input noises that are integrated in the dc component of I2(t). Assuming that the maximum value from the current rms calculation is 1,914,753d with full-scale ac inputs (60 Hz), one LSB of the current rms offset represents 0.94% of the measurement error at 60 dB down from full scale. The IRMS measurement is undefined at zero input. Calibration of the offset should be done at low current and values at zero input should be ignored. For details on how to calibrate the current rms measurement, see the Calibration section. IRMS IRMS 2 IRMSOS 0 16384 (9) where IRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction. Table 7. Approximate IRMS Register Values Frequency (Hz) Integrator Off (d) Integrator On (d) 50 1,921,472 2,489,581 60 1,914,752 2,067,210 Voltage Channel RMS Calculation Figure 64 shows the details of the signal path for the rms estimation on Phase A of the voltage channel. This voltage rms estimation is done in the ADE7758 using the mean absolute value calculation, as shown in Figure 64.The voltage channel rms value is processed from the waveform samples after the low-pass filter LPF1. The output of the voltage channel ADC can be scaled by ±50% by changing VRMSGAIN[11:0] registers to perform an overall rms voltage calibration. The VRMSGAIN registers scale the rms calculations as well as the apparent energy calculation because apparent power is the product of the voltage and current rms values. The voltage rms values are stored in 24-bit registers (AVRMS, BVRMS, and CVRMS). One LSB of a voltage waveform sample is approximately equivalent to 256 LSBs of the voltage rms register. The update rate of the voltage rms measurement is CLKIN/12. With the specified full-scale ac analog input signal of 0.5 V, the LPF1 produces an output code that is approximately 63% of its full-scale value, that is, ±9,372d, at 60 Hz (see the Voltage Channel ADC section). The equivalent rms value of a full-scale ac signal is approximately 1,639,101 (0x1902BD) in the VRMS register. The accuracy of the VRMS measurement is typically 0.5% error from the full-scale input down to 1/20 of the full-scale input. Additionally, this measurement has a bandwidth of 260 Hz. It is recommended to read the rms registers synchronous to the voltage zero crossings to ensure stability. The IRQ can be used to indicate when a zero crossing has occurred (see the Interrupts section). VAN AVRMSGAIN[11:0] 0x2748 LPF OUTPUT WORD RANGE 0x0 60Hz 0xD8B8 0x2797 LPF OUTPUT WORD RANGE 0x0 50Hz 0xD869 LPF1 VOLTAGE SIGNAL–V(t) 0.5 GAIN 0x193504 50Hz 0x0 0x1902BD 60Hz 0x0 |X| AVRMS[23:0] LPF3 SGN216 215 214 28 27 26 VRMSOS[11:0] + + 04443-063 Figure 64. Voltage RMS Signal Processing Table 8 shows the settling time for the VRMS measurement, which is the time it takes for the rms register to reflect the value at the input to the voltage channel. Table 8. Settling Time for VRMS Measurement 63% 100% 100 ms 960 ms Voltage RMS Offset Compensation The ADE7758 incorporates a voltage rms offset compensation for each phase (AVRMSOS, BVRMSOS, and CVRMSOS). These are 12-bit signed registers that can be used to remove offsets in the voltage rms calculations. An offset can exist in the rms calculation due to input noises and offsets in the input samples. It should be noted that the offset calibration does not allow the contents of the VRMS registers to be maintained at 0 when no voltage is applied. This is caused by noise in the voltage rms calculation, which limits the usable range between full scale and 1/50th of full scale. One LSB of the voltage rms offset is equivalent to 64 LSBs of the voltage rms register. Assuming that the maximum value from the voltage rms calculation is 1,639,101d with full-scale ac inputs, then 1 LSB of the voltage rms offset represents 0.042% of the measurement error at 1/10 of full scale. VRMS = VRMS0 + VRMSOS × 64 (10) where VRMS0 is the rms measurement without the offset correction. Table 9. Approximate VRMS Register Values Frequency (Hz) Value (d) 50 1,678,210 60 1,665,118 ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 30 of 72 Voltage RMS Gain Adjust The ADC gain in each phase of the voltage channel can be adjusted for the rms calculation by using the voltage rms gain registers (AVRMSGAIN, BVRMSGAIN, and CVRMSGAIN). The gain of the voltage waveforms before LPF1 is adjusted by writing twos complement, 12-bit words to the voltage rms gain registers. Equation 11 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the voltage gain register. 212 ValuesWithout Gain 1 VRMSGAIN RMS Nominal VRMSRegister ofContent (11) For example, when 0x7FF is written to the voltage gain register, the RMS value is scaled up by 50%. 0x7FF = 2047d 2047/212 = 0.5 Similarly, when 0x800, which equals –2047d (signed twos complement), is written the ADC output is scaled by –50%. ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION Electrical power is defined as the rate of energy flow from source to load. It is given by the product of the voltage and current waveforms. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous power signal and it is equal to the rate of energy flow at every instant of time. The unit of power is the watt or joules/sec. Equation 14 gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal in an ac system. v(t) = √2 × VRMS × sin(ωt) (12) i(t) = √2 × IRMS × sin(ωt) (13) where VRMS = rms voltage and IRMS = rms current. p(t) = v(t) × i(t) p(t) = IRMS × VRMS − IRMS × VRMS × cos(2ωt) (14) The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n) is given by the expression in Equation 15. VRMS IRMS dttp nT p nT 0 1 (15) where: t is the line cycle period. P is referred to as the active or real power. Note that the active power is equal to the dc component of the instantaneous power signal p(t) in Equation 14, that is, VRMS × IRMS. This is the relationship used to calculate the active power in the ADE7758 for each phase. The instantaneous power signal p(t) is generated by multiplying the current and voltage signals in each phase. The dc component of the instantaneous power signal in each phase (A, B, and C) is then extracted by LPF2 (the low-pass filter) to obtain the average active power information on each phase. Figure 65 shows this process. The active power of each phase accumulates in the corresponding 16-bit watt-hour register (AWATTHR, BWATTHR, or CWATTHR). The input to each active energy register can be changed depending on the accumulation mode setting (see Table 22). INSTANTANEOUS POWER SIGNAL p(t) = VRMS×IRMS – VRMS×IRMS×cos(2ωt) ACTIVE REAL POWER SIGNAL = VRMS × IRMS 0x19999A VRMS ×IRMS 0xCCCCD 0x00000 CURRENT i(t) = 2 ×IRMS ×sin(ωt) VOLTAGE v(t) = 2 ×VRMS ×sin(ωt) 04443-064 Figure 65. Active Power Calculation Because LPF2 does not have an ideal brick wall frequency response (see Figure 66), the active power signal has some ripple due to the instantaneous power signal. This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to twice the line frequency. Because the ripple is sinusoidal in nature, it is removed when the active power signal is integrated over time to calculate the energy. 0 –4 –8 –12 GAIN (dB) –16 –20 –24 1 3 18 0 FREQUENCY(Hz) 30 100 04443-065 Figure 66. Frequency Response of the LPF Used to Filter Instantaneous Power in Each Phase Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 31 of 72 Active Power Gain Calibration Note that the average active power result from the LPF output in each phase can be scaled by ±50% by writing to the phase’s watt gain register (AWG, BWG, or CWG). The watt gain registers are twos complement, signed registers and have a resolution of 0.024%/LSB. Equation 16 describes mathematically the function of the watt gain registers. ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+×=12212gisterReGainWattOutputLPFDataPowerAverage (16) The REVPAP bit (Bit 17) in the interrupt status register is set if the average power from any one of the phases changes sign. The phases monitored are selected by TERMSEL bits in the COMPMODE register (see Table 21). The TERMSEL bits are also used to select which phases are included in the APCF and VARCF pulse outputs. If the REVPAP bit is set in the mask register, the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the section). Note that this bit is set whenever there are sign changes, that is, the REVPAP bit is set for both a positive-to-negative change and a negative-to-positive change of the sign bit. The response time of this bit is approximately 176 ms for a full-scale signal, which has an average value of 0xCCCCD at the low pass filter output. For smaller inputs, the time is longer. Interrupts The output is scaled by −50% by writing 0x800 to the watt gain registers and increased by +50% by writing 0x7FF to them. These registers can be used to calibrate the active power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7758 for each phase. CLKINValueAveragemsTimesponseRe4252601×⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+≅(17) Active Power Offset Calibration The APCFNUM [15:13] indicate reverse power on each of the individual phases. Bit 15 is set if the sign of the power on Phase A is negative, Bit 14 for Phase B, and Bit 13 for Phase C. The ADE7758 also incorporates a watt offset register on each phase (AWATTOS, BWATTOS, and CWATTOS). These are signed twos complement, 12-bit registers that are used to remove offsets in the active power calculations. An offset can exist in the power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB or in the chip itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of the active power register to be maintained at 0 when no power is being consumed. One LSB in the active power offset register is equivalent to 1/16 LSB in the active power multiplier output. At full-scale input, if the output from the multiplier is 0xCCCCD (838,861d), then 1 LSB in the LPF2 output is equivalent to 0.0075% of measurement error at 60 dB down from full scale on the current channel. At −60 dB down on full scale (the input signal level is 1/1000 of full-scale signal inputs), the average word value from LPF2 is 838.861 (838,861/1000). One LSB is equivalent to 1/838.861/16 × 100% = 0.0075% of the measured value. The active power offset register has a correction resolution equal to 0.0075% at −60 dB. No-Load Threshold The ADE7758 has an internal no-load threshold on each phase. The no-load threshold can be activated by setting the NOLOAD bit (Bit 7) of the COMPMODE register. If the active power falls below 0.005% of full-scale input, the energy is not accumulated in that phase. As stated, the average multiplier output with full-scale input is 0xCCCCD. Therefore, if the average multiplier output falls below 0x2A, the power is not accumulated to avoid creep in the meter. The no-load threshold is implemented only on the active energy accumulation. The reactive and apparent energies do not have the no-load threshold option. Active Energy Calculation As previously stated, power is defined as the rate of energy flow. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as dtdEnergyPower= (18) Sign of Active Power Calculation Note that the average active power is a signed calculation. If the phase difference between the current and voltage waveform is more than 90°, the average power becomes negative. Negative power indicates that energy is being placed back on the grid. The ADE7758 has a sign detection circuitry for active power calculation. Conversely, Energy is given as the integral of power. ()dtp∫=tEnergy (19) ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 32 of 72 AWG[11:0]WDIV[7:0]DIGITALINTEGRATORMULTIPLIERIVHPFCURRENT SIGNAL–i(t)0x2851EC0x000xD7AE14VOLTAGE SIGNAL–v(t)0x2852000x0xD7AE++++LPF2%SIGN26202–12–22–32–4AWATTOS[11:0]AWATTHR[15:0]150400TOTAL ACTIVE POWER ISACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) INTHE ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTERTIME (nT)TAVERAGE POWERSIGNAL–P0xCCCCD0x00000PHCAL[6:0]Φ04443-066 Figure 67. ADE7758 Active Energy Accumulation The ADE7758 achieves the integration of the active power signal by continuously accumulating the active power signal in the internal 41-bit energy registers. The watt-hr registers (AWATTHR, BWATTHR, and CWATTHR) represent the upper 16 bits of these internal registers. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 20 expresses the relationship. ()()⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧×==Σ∫∞=→00TLimnTnTpdttpEnergy (20) where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period. Figure 67 shows a signal path of this energy accumulation. The average active power signal is continuously added to the internal active energy register. This addition is a signed operation. Negative energy is subtracted from the active energy register. Note the values shown in Figure 67 are the nominal full-scale values, that is, the voltage and current inputs at the corresponding phase are at their full-scale input level. The average active power is divided by the content of the watt divider register before it is added to the corresponding watt-hr accumulation registers. When the value in the WDIV[7:0] register is 0 or 1, active power is accumulated without division. WDIV is an 8-bit unsigned register that is useful to lengthen the time it takes before the watt-hr accumulation registers overflow. Figure 68 shows the energy accumulation for full-scale signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three displayed curves show the minimum time it takes for the watt-hr accumulation register to overflow when the watt gain register of the corre-sponding phase equals to 0x7FF, 0x000, and 0x800. The watt gain registers are used to carry out a power calibration in the ADE7758. As shown, the fastest integration time occurs when the watt gain registers are set to maximum full scale, that is, 0x7FF. This is the time it takes before overflow can be scaled by writing to the WDIV register and therefore can be increased by a maximum factor of 255. Note that the active energy register content can roll over to full-scale negative (0x8000) and continue increasing in value when the active power is positive (see Figure 67). Conversely, if the active power is negative, the energy register would under flow to full-scale positive (0x7FFF) and continue decreasing in value. By setting the AEHF bit (Bit 0) of the interrupt mask register, the ADE7758 can be configured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when Bit 14 of any one of the three watt-hr accumulation registers has changed, indicating that the accumulation register is half full (positive or negative). Setting the RSTREAD bit (Bit 6) of the LCYMODE register enables a read-with-reset for the watt-hr accumulation registers, that is, the registers are reset to 0 after a read operation. CONTENTS OFWATT-HRACCUMULATION REGISTER0x7FFF0x3FFF0x00000xC0000x8000TIME (Sec)0.340.681.021.361.702.04WATT GAIN = 0x7FFWATT GAIN = 0x000WATT GAIN = 0x80004443-067 Figure 68. Energy Register Roll-Over Time for Full-Scale Power (Minimum and Maximum Power Gain) Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 33 of 72 Integration Time Under Steady Load The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 0.4 μs (4/CLKIN). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the watt gain registers set to 0x000, the average word value from each LPF2 is 0xCCCCD (see Figure 65 and Figure 67). The maximum value that can be stored in the watt-hr accumulation register before it overflows is 215 − 1 or 0x7FFF. Because the average word value is added to the internal register, which can store 240 − 1 or 0xFF, FFFF, FFFF before it overflows, the integration time under these conditions with WDIV = 0 is calculated as sec0.524μs0.40xCCCCDFFFFFFFF,0xFF,=×=Time (21) When WDIV is set to a value different from 0, the time before overflow is scaled accordingly as shown in Equation 22. Time = Time (WDIV = 0) × WDIV[7:0] (22) Energy Accumulation Mode The active power accumulated in each watt-hr accumulation register (AWATTHR, BWATTHR, or CWATTHR) depends on the configuration of the CONSEL bits in the COMPMODE register (Bit 0 and Bit 1). The different configurations are described in Table 10. Table 10. Inputs to Watt-Hr Accumulation Registers CONSEL[1, 0] AWATTHR BWATTHR CWATTHR 00 VA × IA VB × IB VC × IC 01 VA × (IA – IB) 0 VC × (IC – IB) 10 VA × (IA – IB) 0 VC × IC 11 Reserved Reserved Reserved Depending on the poly phase meter service, the appropriate formula should be chosen to calculate the active energy. The American ANSI C12.10 Standard defines the different configurations of the meter. Table 11 describes which mode should be chosen in these different configurations. Table 11. Meter Form Configuration ANSI Meter Form CONSEL (d) TERMSEL (d) 5S/13S 3-Wire Delta 0 3, 5, or 6 6S/14S 4-Wire Wye 1 7 8S/15S 4-Wire Delta 2 7 9S/16S 4-Wire Wye 0 7 Active Power Frequency Output Pin 1 (APCF) of the ADE7758 provides frequency output for the total active power. After initial calibration during manufac-turing, the manufacturer or end customer often verifies the energy meter calibration. One convenient way to verify the meter calibration is for the manufacturer to provide an output frequency that is proportional to the energy or active power under steady load conditions. This output frequency can provide a simple, single-wire, optically isolated interface to external calibration equipment. Figure 69 illustrates the energy-to-frequency conversion in the ADE7758. INPUTTOBWATTHRREGISTERINPUTTOAWATTHRREGISTERINPUTTOCWATTHRREGISTERDFCAPCFAPCFNUM[11:0]APCFDEN[11:0]÷+++÷404443-068 Figure 69. Active Power Frequency Output A digital-to-frequency converter (DFC) is used to generate the APCF pulse output from the total active power. The TERMSEL bits (Bit 2 to Bit 4) of the COMPMODE register can be used to select which phases to include in the total power calculation. Setting Bit 2, Bit 3, and Bit 4 includes the input to the AWATTHR, BWATTHR, and CWATTHR registers in the total active power calculation. The total active power is signed addition. However, setting the ABS bit (Bit 5) in the COMPMODE register enables the absolute-only mode; that is, only the absolute value of the active power is considered. The output from the DFC is divided down by a pair of frequency division registers before being sent to the APCF pulse output. Namely, APCFDEN/APCFNUM pulses are needed at the DFC output before the APCF pin outputs a pulse. Under steady load conditions, the output frequency is directly proportional to the total active power. The pulse width of APCF is 64/CLKIN if APCFNUM and APCFDEN are both equal. If APCFDEN is greater than APCFNUM, the pulse width depends on APCFDEN. The pulse width in this case is T × (APCFDEN/2), where T is the period of the APCF pulse and APCFDEN/2 is rounded to the nearest whole number. An exception to this is when the period is greater than 180 ms. In this case, the pulse width is fixed at 90 ms. The maximum output frequency (APCFNUM = 0x00 and APCFDEN = 0x00) with full-scale ac signals on one phase is approximately 16 kHz. The ADE7758 incorporates two registers to set the frequency of APCF (APCFNUM[11:0] and APCFDEN[11:0]). These are unsigned 12-bit registers that can be used to adjust the frequency of APCF by 1/212 to 1 with a step of 1/212. For example, if the output frequency is 1.562 kHz while the contents of APCFDEN are 0 (0x000), then the output frequency can be set to 6.103 Hz by writing 0xFF to the APCFDEN register. If 0 were written to any of the frequency division registers, the divider would use 1 in the frequency division. In addition, the ratio APCFNUM/APCFDEN should be set not greater than 1 to ensure proper operation. In other words, the APCF output frequency cannot be higher than the frequency on the DFC output. The output frequency has a slight ripple at a frequency equal to 2× the line frequency. This is due to imperfect filtering of the instantaneous power signal to generate the active power signal ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 34 of 72 (see the Active Power Calculation section). Equation 14 gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal. This is filtered by LPF2, which has a magnitude response given by Equation 23. ()22811Hff+= (23) –E(t)tVltVI×cos(4π×f1 ×t)4π×f11 +22f1804443-069 The active power signal (output of the LPF2) can be rewritten as ()()(tffIRMSVRMSIRMSVRMStp12214cos821π×⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡+×−×= (24) Figure 70. Output Frequency Ripple where f1 is the line frequency, for example, 60 Hz. Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode From Equation 24, E(t) equals The ADE7758 is designed with a special energy accumulation mode that simplifies the calibration process. By using the on-chip, zero-crossing detection, the ADE7758 updates the watt-hr accumulation registers after an integer number of zero crossings (see Figure 71). The line-active energy accumulation mode for watt-hr accumulation is activated by setting the LWATT bit (Bit 0) of the LCYCMODE register. The total energy accumu-lated over an integer number of half-line cycles is written to the watt-hr accumulation registers after the LINECYC number of zero crossings is detected. When using the line cycle accumulation mode, the RSTREAD bit (Bit 6) of the LCYCMODE register should be set to Logic 0. ())4cos(8214–12211tfffIRMSVRMStIRMSVRMSππ×⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡+××× (25) From Equation 25, it can be seen that there is a small ripple in the energy calculation due to the sin(2ωt) component (see Figure 70). The ripple gets larger with larger loads. Choosing a lower output frequency for APCF during calibration by using a large APCFDEN value and keeping APCFNUM relatively small can significantly reduce the ripple. Averaging the output frequency over a longer period achieves the same results. ZXSEL01ZERO-CROSSINGDETECTION(PHASEA)ZXSEL11ZERO-CROSSINGDETECTION(PHASEB)ZXSEL21ZERO-CROSSINGDETECTION(PHASEC)1ZXSEL[0:2]AREBITS3TO5 INTHELCYCMODEREGISTERCALIBRATIONCONTROLLINECYC[15:0]WATTOS[11:0]WG[11:0]WDIV[7:0]++%++WATTHR[15:0]ACCUMULATEACTIVEPOWERFORLINECYCNUMBER OFZERO-CROSSINGS;WATT-HRACCUMULATIONREGISTERSAREUPDATED ONCEEVERYLINECYCNUMBER OFZERO-CROSSINGSACTIVEPOWER15040004443-070 Figure 71. ADE7758 Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 35 of 72 Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C zero crossings are, respectively, included when counting the number of half-line cycles by setting ZXSEL[0:2] bits (Bit 3 to Bit 5) in the LCYCMODE register. Any combination of the zero crossings from all three phases can be used for counting the zero crossing. Only one phase should be selected at a time for inclusion in the zero crossings count during calibration (see the Calibration section). The number of zero crossings is specified by the LINECYC register. LINECYC is an unsigned 16-bit register. The ADE7758 can accumulate active power for up to 65535 combined zero crossings. Note that the internal zero-crossing counter is always active. By setting the LWATT bit, the first energy accumulation result is, therefore, incorrect. Writing to the LINECYC register when the LWATT bit is set resets the zero-crossing counter, thus ensuring that the first energy accumulation result is accurate. At the end of an energy calibration cycle, the LENERGY bit (Bit 12) in the STATUS register is set. If the corresponding mask bit in the interrupt mask register is enabled, the IRQ output also goes active low; thus, the IRQ can also be used to signal the end of a calibration. Because active power is integrated on an integer number of half-line cycles in this mode, the sinusoidal component is reduced to 0, eliminating any ripple in the energy calculation. Therefore, total energy accumulated using the line-cycle accumulation mode is E(t) = VRMS × IRMS × t (26) where t is the accumulation time. Note that line cycle active energy accumulation uses the same signal path as the active energy accumulation. The LSB size of these two methods is equivalent. Using the line cycle accumula-tion to calculate the kWh/LSB constant results in a value that can be applied to the WATTHR registers when the line accumulation mode is not selected (see the Calibration section). REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION A load that contains a reactive element (inductor or capacitor) produces a phase difference between the applied ac voltage and the resulting current. The power associated with reactive elements is called reactive power, and its unit is VAR. Reactive power is defined as the product of the voltage and current waveforms when one of these signals is phase shifted by 90°. Equation 30 gives an expression for the instantaneous reactive power signal in an ac system when the phase of the current channel is shifted by +90°. ()(θ=–sin2ωtVtv (27) ()()()⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛π+=′=2sin2isin2ωtItωtIti (28) where: v = rms voltage. i = rms current. θ = total phase shift caused by the reactive elements in the load. Then the instantaneous reactive power q(t) can be expressed as ()()()()⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛πθ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛πθ=′×=2––2cos–2––cosωtVIVItqtitvtq (29) where ()ti′ is the current waveform phase shifted by 90°. Note that q(t) can be rewritten as ()()(θ +θ=–2sinsinωtVIVItq (30) The average reactive power over an integral number of line cycles (n) is given by the expression in Equation 31. ()()∫××==nT0θsindtnT1IVtqQ (31) where: T is the period of the line cycle. Q is referred to as the average reactive power. The instantaneous reactive power signal q(t) is generated by multiplying the voltage signals and the 90° phase-shifted current in each phase. The dc component of the instantaneous reactive power signal in each phase (A, B, and C) is then extracted by a low-pass filter to obtain the average reactive power information on each phase. This process is illustrated in Figure 72. The reactive power of each phase is accumulated in the corresponding 16-bit VAR-hour register (AVARHR, BVARHR, or CVARHR). The input to each reactive energy register can be changed depending on the accumulation mode setting (see Table 21). The frequency response of the LPF in the reactive power signal path is identical to that of the LPF2 used in the average active power calculation (see Figure 66). VRMS × IRMS × sin(φ)θ0x00000CURRENTi(t) = 2×IRMS×sin(ωt)VOLTAGEv(t) = 2×VRMS×sin(ωt –θ)INSTANTANEOUSREACTIVE POWER SIGNALq(t) = VRMS × IRMS × sin(φ) + VRMS × IRMS × sin(2ωt + θ)AVERAGE REACTIVE POWER SIGNAL =VRMS × IRMS × sin(θ)04443-071 Figure 72. Reactive Power Calculation The low-pass filter is nonideal, so the reactive power signal has some ripple. This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to 2× the line frequency. Because the ripple is sinusoidal in nature, it is removed when the reactive power signal is integrated over time to calculate the reactive energy. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 36 of 72 The phase-shift filter has –90° phase shift when the integrator is enabled and +90° phase shift when the integrator is disabled. In addition, the filter has a nonunity magnitude response. Because the phase-shift filter has a large attenuation at high frequency, the reactive power is primarily for the calculation at line frequency. The effect of harmonics is largely ignored in the reactive power calculation. Note that because of the magnitude characteristic of the phase shifting filter, the LSB weight of the reactive power calculation is slightly different from that of the active power calculation (see the Energy Registers Scaling section). The ADE7758 uses the line frequency of the phase selected in the FREQSEL[1:0] bits of the MMODE[1:0] to compensate for attenuation of the reactive energy phase shift filter over frequency (see the Period Measurement section). Reactive Power Gain Calibration The average reactive power from the LPF output in each phase can be scaled by ±50% by writing to the phase’s VAR gain register (AVARG, BVARG, or CVARG). The VAR gain registers are twos complement, signed registers and have a resolution of 0.024%/LSB. The function of the VAR gain registers is expressed by ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+×=12212gisterReGainVAROutputLPFPowerReactiveAverage (32) The output is scaled by –50% by writing 0x800 to the VAR gain registers and increased by +50% by writing 0x7FF to them. These registers can be used to calibrate the reactive power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7758 for each phase. Reactive Power Offset Calibration The ADE7758 incorporates a VAR offset register on each phase (AVAROS, BVAROS, and CVAROS). These are signed twos complement, 12-bit registers that are used to remove offsets in the reactive power calculations. An offset can exist in the power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB or in the chip itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of the reactive power register to be maintained at 0 when no reactive power is being consumed. The offset registers’ resolution is the same as the active power offset registers (see the Apparent Power Offset Calibration section). Sign of Reactive Power Calculation Note that the average reactive power is a signed calculation. As stated previously, the phase shift filter has –90° phase shift when the integrator is enabled and +90° phase shift when the integrator is disabled. Table 12 summarizes the relationship between the phase difference between the voltage and the current and the sign of the resulting VAR calculation. The ADE7758 has a sign detection circuit for the reactive power calculation. The REVPRP bit (Bit 18) in the interrupt status register is set if the average reactive power from any one of the phases changes. The phases monitored are selected by TERMSEL bits in the COMPMODE register (see Table 21). If the REVPRP bit is set in the mask register, the IRQ logic output goes active low (see the section). Note that this bit is set whenever there is a sign change; that is, the bit is set for either a positive-to-negative change or a negative-to-positive change of the sign bit. The response time of this bit is approximately 176 ms for a full-scale signal, which has an average value of 0xCCCCD at the low-pass filter output. For smaller inputs, the time is longer. InterruptsCLKINueAverageValmssponseTimeRe4260125×⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+≅ (33) Table 12. Sign of Reactive Power Calculation Φ1 Integrator Sign of Reactive Power Between 0 to +90 Off Positive Between −90 to 0 Off Negative Between 0 to +90 On Positive Between −90 to 0 On Negative 1 Φ is defined as the phase angle of the voltage signal minus the current signal; that is, Φ is positive if the load is inductive and negative if the load is capacitive. Reactive Energy Calculation Reactive energy is defined as the integral of reactive power. ()dttqEnergyReactive∫= (34) Similar to active power, the ADE7758 achieves the integration of the reactive power signal by continuously accumulating the reactive power signal in the internal 41-bit accumulation registers. The VAR-hr registers (AVARHR, BVARHR, and CVARHR) represent the upper 16 bits of these internal registers. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 35 expresses the relationship ()()⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧×==Σ∫∞=→0n0LimdtTnTqtqEnergyReactiveT (35) where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period. Figure 73 shows the signal path of the reactive energy accumula-tion. The average reactive power signal is continuously added to the internal reactive energy register. This addition is a signed operation. Negative energy is subtracted from the reactive energy register. The average reactive power is divided by the content of the VAR divider register before it is added to the corresponding VAR-hr accumulation registers. When the value in the VARDIV[7:0] register is 0 or 1, the reactive power is accumulated without any division. VARDIV is an 8-bit unsigned register that is useful to lengthen the time it takes before the VAR-hr accumulation registers overflow. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 37 of 72 Similar to reactive power, the fastest integration time occurs when the VAR gain registers are set to maximum full scale, that is, 0x7FF. The time it takes before overflow can be scaled by writing to the VARDIV register; and, therefore, it can be increased by a maximum factor of 255. By setting the REHF bit (Bit 1) of the interrupt mask register, the ADE7758 can be configured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when Bit 14 of any one of the three VAR-hr accumulation registers has changed, indicating that the accumulation register is half full (positive or negative). When overflow occurs, the VAR-hr accumulation registers content can rollover to full-scale negative (0x8000) and continue increasing in value when the reactive power is positive. Con-versely, if the reactive power is negative, the VAR-hr accumulation registers content can roll over to full-scale positive (0x7FFF) and continue decreasing in value. Setting the RSTREAD bit (Bit 6) of the LCYMODE register enables a read-with-reset for the VAR-hr accumulation registers; that is, the registers are reset to 0 after a read operation. VARG[11:0]VARDIV[7:0]90°PHASESHIFTINGFILTERMULTIPLIERIVHPFCURRENTSIGNAL–i(t)0x2851EC0x000xD7AE14VOLTAGESIGNAL–v(t)0x28520x000xD7AE++++LPF2%SIGN26202–12–22–32–4VAROS[11:0]VARHR[15:0]150400TOTALREACTIVEPOWER ISACCUMULATED(INTEGRATED) INTHEVAR-HRACCUMULATIONREGISTERSπ2PHCAL[6:0]Φ04443-072 Figure 73. ADE7758 Reactive Energy Accumulation ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 38 of 72 Integration Time Under Steady Load The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 0.4 μs (4/CLKIN). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs, a 90° phase difference between the voltage and the current signal (the largest possible reactive power), and the VAR gain registers set to 0x000, the average word value from each LPF2 is 0xCCCCD. The maximum value that can be stored in the reactive energy register before it overflows is 215 − 1 or 0x7FFF. Because the average word value is added to the internal register, which can store 240 − 1 or 0xFF, FFFF, FFFF before it overflows, the integration time under these conditions with VARDIV = 0 is calculated as sec0.5243μs0.40xCCCCDFFFFFFFF,0xFF,=×=Time (36) When VARDIV is set to a value different from 0, the time before overflow are scaled accordingly as shown in Equation 37. Time = Time(VARDIV = 0) × VARDIV (37) Energy Accumulation Mode The reactive power accumulated in each VAR-hr accumulation register (AVARHR, BVARHR, or CVARHR) depends on the configuration of the CONSEL bits in the COMPMODE register (Bit 0 and Bit 1). The different configurations are described in Table 13. Note that IA’/IB’/IC’ are the current phase-shifted current waveform. Table 13. Inputs to VAR-Hr Accumulation Registers CONSEL[1, 0] AVARHR BVARHR CVARHR 00 VA × IA’ VB × IB VC × IC’ 01 VA (IA’ – IB’) 0 VC (IC’ – IB’) 10 VA (IA’ – IB’) 0 VC × IC’ 11 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reactive Power Frequency Output Pin 17 (VARCF) of the ADE7758 provides frequency output for the total reactive power. Similar to APCF, this pin provides an output frequency that is directly proportional to the total reactive power. The pulse width of VARPCF is 64/CLKIN if VARCFNUM and VARCFDEN are both equal. If VARCFDEN is greater than VARCFNUM, the pulse width depends on VARCFDEN. The pulse width in this case is T × (VARCFDEN/2), where T is the period of the VARCF pulse and VARCFDEN/2 is rounded to the nearest whole number. An exception to this is when the period is greater than 180 ms. In this case, the pulse width is fixed at 90 ms. A digital-to-frequency converter (DFC) is used to generate the VARCF pulse output from the total reactive power. The TERMSEL bits (Bit 2 to Bit 4) of the COMPMODE register can be used to select which phases to include in the total reactive power calcu-lation. Setting Bit 2, Bit 3, and Bit 4 includes the input to the AVARHR, BVARHR, and CVARHR registers in the total reactive power calculation. The total reactive power is signed addition. However, setting the SAVAR bit (Bit 6) in the COMPMODE register enables absolute value calculation. If the active power of that phase is positive, no change is made to the sign of the reactive power. However, if the sign of the active power is negative in that phase, the sign of its reactive power is inverted before summing and creating VARCF pulses. This mode should be used in conjunction with the absolute value mode for active power (Bit 5 in the COMPMODE register) for APCF pulses. The effects of setting the ABS and SAVAR bits of the COMPMODE register are as follows when ABS = 1 and SAVAR = 1: If watt > 0, APCF = Watts, VARCF = +VAR. If watt < 0, APCF = |Watts|, VARCF = −VAR. INPUTTO BVARHRREGISTERINPUTTOAVARHRREGISTERINPUTTO CVARHRREGISTER+++INPUTTO BVAHRREGISTERINPUTTOAVAHRREGISTERINPUTTO CVAHRREGISTER+++01VARCFVARCFNUM[11:0]VARCFDEN[11:0]÷DFCVACF BIT (BIT 7) OFWAVMODE REGISTER÷404443-073 Figure 74. Reactive Power Frequency Output The output from the DFC is divided down by a pair of frequency division registers before sending to the VARCF pulse output. Namely, VARCFDEN/VARCFNUM pulses are needed at the DFC output before the VARCF pin outputs a pulse. Under steady load conditions, the output frequency is directly proportional to the total reactive power. Figure 74 illustrates the energy-to-frequency conversion in the ADE7758. Note that the input to the DFC can be selected between the total reactive power and total apparent power. Therefore, the VARCF pin can output frequency that is proportional to the total reactive power or total apparent power. The selection is made by setting the VACF bit (Bit 7) in the WAVMODE register. Setting this bit switches the input to the total apparent power. The default value of this bit is logic low. Therefore, the default output from the VARCF pin is the total reactive power. All other operations of this frequency output are similar to that of the active power frequency output (see the Active Power Frequency Output section). Line Cycle Reactive Energy Accumulation Mode The line cycle reactive energy accumulation mode is activated by setting the LVAR bit (Bit 1) in the LCYCMODE register. The total reactive energy accumulated over an integer number of zero crossings is written to the VAR-hr accumulation registers after the LINECYC number of zero crossings is detected. The operation of this mode is similar to watt-hr accumulation (see the Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode section). Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 39 of 72 When using the line cycle accumulation mode, the RSTREAD bit (Bit 6) of the LCYCMODE register should be set to Logic 0. APPARENT POWER CALCULATION Apparent power is defined as the amplitude of the vector sum of the active and reactive powers. Figure 75 shows what is typically referred to as the power triangle. REACTIVE POWERACTIVE POWERAPPARENTPOWERθ04443-074 Figure 75. Power Triangle There are two ways to calculate apparent power: the arithmetical approach or the vectorial method. The arithmetical approach uses the product of the voltage rms value and current rms value to calculate apparent power. Equation 38 describes the arithmetical approach mathematically. S = VRMS × IRMS (38) where S is the apparent power, and VRMS and IRMS are the rms voltage and current, respectively. The vectorial method uses the square root of the sum of the active and reactive power, after the two are individually squared. Equation 39 shows the calculation used in the vectorial approach. 22QPS+= (39) where: S is the apparent power. P is the active power. Q is the reactive power. For a pure sinusoidal system, the two approaches should yield the same result. The apparent energy calculation in the ADE7758 uses the arithmetical approach. However, the line cycle energy accumulation mode in the ADE7758 enables energy accumula-tion between active and reactive energies over a synchronous period, thus the vectorial method can be easily implemented in the external MCU (see the Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode section). Note that apparent power is always positive regardless of the direction of the active or reactive energy flows. The rms value of the current and voltage in each phase is multiplied to produce the apparent power of the corresponding phase. The output from the multiplier is then low-pass filtered to obtain the average apparent power. The frequency response of the LPF in the apparent power signal path is identical to that of the LPF2 used in the average active power calculation (see Figure 66). Apparent Power Gain Calibration Note that the average active power result from the LPF output in each phase can be scaled by ±50% by writing to the phase’s VAGAIN register (AVAG, BVAG, or CVAG). The VAGAIN registers are twos complement, signed registers and have a resolution of 0.024%/LSB. The function of the VAGAIN registers is expressed mathematically as ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+×=12212RegisterVAGAINOutputLPFPowerApparentAverage (40) The output is scaled by –50% by writing 0x800 to the VAR gain registers and increased by +50% by writing 0x7FF to them. These registers can be used to calibrate the apparent power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7758 for each phase. Apparent Power Offset Calibration Each rms measurement includes an offset compensation register to calibrate and eliminate the dc component in the rms value (see the Current RMS Calculation section and the Voltage Channel RMS Calculation section). The voltage and current rms values are then multiplied together in the apparent power signal processing. As no additional offsets are created in the multiplication of the rms values, there is no specific offset compensation in the apparent power signal processing. The offset compensation of the apparent power measurement in each phase should be done by calibrating each individual rms measurement (see the Calibration section). ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 40 of 72 Apparent Energy Calculation Apparent energy is defined as the integral of apparent power. Apparent Energy = ∫ S(t)dt (41) Similar to active or reactive power accumulation, the fastest integration time occurs when the VAGAIN registers are set to maximum full scale, that is, 0x7FF. When overflow occurs, the content of the VA-hr accumulation registers can roll over to 0 and continue increasing in value. Similar to active and reactive energy, the ADE7758 achieves the integration of the apparent power signal by continuously accumulating the apparent power signal in the internal 41-bit, unsigned accumulation registers. The VA-hr registers (AVAHR, BVAHR, and CVAHR) represent the upper 16 bits of these internal registers. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 42 expresses the relationship By setting the VAEHF bit (Bit 2) of the mask register, the ADE7758 can be configured to issue an interrupt (IRQ) when the MSB of any one of the three VA-hr accumulation registers has changed, indicating that the accumulation register is half full. Setting the RSTREAD bit (Bit 6) of the LCYMODE register enables a read-with-reset for the VA-hr accumulation registers; that is, the registers are reset to 0 after a read operation. ()()⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧×==Σ∫∞=→0n0TLimdtTnTStSEnergyApparent (42) Integration Time Under Steady Load The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 0.4 μs (4/CLKIN). With full-scale, 60 Hz sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the VAGAIN registers set to 0x000, the average word value from each LPF2 is 0xB9954. The maximum value that can be stored in the apparent energy register before it overflows is 216 − 1 or 0xFFFF. As the average word value is first added to the internal register, which can store 241 − 1 or 0x1FF, FFFF, FFFF before it overflows, the integration time under these conditions with VADIV = 0 is calculated as where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period. Figure 76 shows the signal path of the apparent energy accumu-lation. The apparent power signal is continuously added to the internal apparent energy register. The average apparent power is divided by the content of the VA divider register before it is added to the corresponding VA-hr accumulation register. When the value in the VADIV[7:0] register is 0 or 1, apparent power is accumulated without any division. VADIV is an 8-bit unsigned register that is useful to lengthen the time it takes before the VA-hr accumulation registers overflow. sec1.157μs0.40xB9954FFFFFFFF,0x1FF,=×=Time (43) When VADIV is set to a value different from 0, the time before overflow is scaled accordingly, as shown in Equation 44. Time = Time(VADIV = 0) × VADIV (44) VOLTAGE RMS SIGNAL0x174BAC60Hz0x00x17F26350Hz0x0CURRENT RMS SIGNAL0x1C82B0x00MULTIPLIERIRMSVRMSVAG[11:0]VADIV[7:0]++LPF2%VARHR[15:0]150400APPARENT POWER ISACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) INTHE VA-HR ACCUMULATION REGISTERS04443-075 Figure 76. ADE7758 Apparent Energy Accumulation Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 41 of 72 Table 14. Inputs to VA-Hr Accumulation Registers CONSEL[1, 0] AVAHR1 BVAHR CVAHR 00 AVRMS × AIRMS BVRMS × BIRMS CVRMS × CIRMS 01 AVRMS × AIRMS AVRMS + CVRMS/2 × BIRMS CVRMS × CIRMS 10 AVRMS × AIRMS BVRMS × BIRMS CVRMS × CIRMS 11 Reserved Reserved Reserved 1 AVRMS/BVRMS/CVRMS are the rms voltage waveform, and AIRMS/BIRMS/CIRMS are the rms values of the current waveform. Energy Accumulation Mode The apparent power accumulated in each VA-hr accumulation register (AVAHR, BVAHR, or CVAHR) depends on the con- figuration of the CONSEL bits in the COMPMODE register (Bit 0 and Bit 1). The different configurations are described in Table 14. The contents of the VA-hr accumulation registers are affected by both the registers for rms voltage gain (VRMSGAIN), as well as the VAGAIN register of the corresponding phase. Apparent Power Frequency Output Pin 17 (VARCF) of the ADE7758 provides frequency output for the total apparent power. By setting the VACF bit (Bit 7) of the WAVMODE register, this pin provides an output frequency that is directly proportional to the total apparent power. A digital-to-frequency converter (DFC) is used to generate the pulse output from the total apparent power. The TERMSEL bits (Bit 2 to Bit 4) of the COMPMODE register can be used to select which phases to include in the total power calculation. Setting Bit 2, Bit 3, and Bit 4 includes the input to the AVAHR, BVAHR, and CVAHR registers in the total apparent power calculation. A pair of frequency divider registers, namely VARCFDEN and VARCFNUM, can be used to scale the output frequency of this pin. Note that either VAR or apparent power can be selected at one time for this frequency output (see the Reactive Power Frequency Output section). Line Cycle Apparent Energy Accumulation Mode The line cycle apparent energy accumulation mode is activated by setting the LVA bit (Bit 2) in the LCYCMODE register. The total apparent energy accumulated over an integer number of zero crossings is written to the VA-hr accumulation registers after the LINECYC number of zero crossings is detected. The operation of this mode is similar to watt-hr accumulation (see the Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode section). When using the line cycle accumulation mode, the RSTREAD bit (Bit 6) of the LCYCMODE register should be set to Logic 0. Note that this mode is especially useful when the user chooses to perform the apparent energy calculation using the vectorial method. By setting LWATT and LVAR bits (Bit 0 and Bit 1) of the LCYCMODE register, the active and reactive energies are accumulated over the same period. Therefore, the MCU can perform the squaring of the two terms and then take the square root of their sum to determine the apparent energy over the same period. ENERGY REGISTERS SCALING The ADE7758 provides measurements of active, reactive, and apparent energies that use separate signal paths and filtering for calculation. The differences in the datapaths can result in small differences in LSB weight between the active, reactive, and apparent energy registers. These measurements are internally compensated so that the scaling is nearly one to one. The relationship between the registers is shown in Table 15. Table 15. Energy Registers Scaling Frequency 60 Hz 50 Hz Integrator Off VAR 1.004 × WATT 1.0054 × WATT VA 1.00058 × WATT 1.0085 × WATT Integrator On VAR 1.0059 × WATT 1.0064 × WATT VA 1.00058 × WATT 1.00845 × WATT WAVEFORM SAMPLING MODE The waveform samples of the current and voltage waveform, as well as the active, reactive, and apparent power multiplier out- puts, can all be routed to the WAVEFORM register by setting the WAVSEL[2:0] bits (Bit 2 to Bit 4) in the WAVMODE register. The phase in which the samples are routed is set by setting the PHSEL[1:0] bits (Bit 0 and Bit 1) in the WAVMODE register. All energy calculation remains uninterrupted during waveform sampling. Four output sample rates can be chosen by using Bit 5 and Bit 6 of the WAVMODE register (DTRT[1:0]). The output sample rate can be 26.04 kSPS, 13.02 kSPS, 6.51 kSPS, or 3.25 kSPS (see Table 20). By setting the WFSM bit in the interrupt mask register to Logic 1, the interrupt request output IRQ goes active low when a sample is available. The 24-bit waveform samples are transferred from the ADE7758 one byte (8 bits) at a time, with the most significant byte shifted out first. The interrupt request output IRQ stays low until the interrupt routine reads the reset status register (see the Interrupts section). ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 42 of 72 CALIBRATION A reference meter or an accurate source is required to calibrate the ADE7758 energy meter. When using a reference meter, the ADE7758 calibration output frequencies APCF and VARCF are adjusted to match the frequency output of the reference meter under the same load conditions. Each phase must be calibrated separately in this case. When using an accurate source for calibration, one can take advantage of the line cycle accumulation mode and calibrate the three phases simultaneously. There are two objectives in calibrating the meter: to establish the correct impulses/kW-hr constant on the pulse output and to obtain a constant that relates the LSBs in the energy and rms registers to Watt/VA/VAR hours, amps, or volts. Additionally, calibration compensates for part-to-part variation in the meter design as well as phase shifts and offsets due to the current sensor and/or input networks. Calibration Using Pulse Output The ADE7758 provides a pulsed output proportional to the active power accumulated by all three phases, called APCF. Additionally, the VARCF output is proportional to either the reactive energy or apparent energy accumulated by all three phases. The following section describes how to calibrate the gain, offset, and phase angle using the pulsed output information. The equations are based on the pulse output from the ADE7758 (APCF or VARCF) and the pulse output of the reference meter or CFEXPECTED. Figure 77 shows a flowchart of how to calibrate the ADE7758 using the pulse output. Because the pulse outputs are proportional to the total energy in all three phases, each phase must be calibrated individually. Writing to the registers is fast to reconfigure the part for calibrating a different phase; therefore, Figure 77 shows a method that calibrates all phases at a given test condition before changing the test condition. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 43 of 72 STARTCALIBRATE IRMSOFFSETCALIBRATE VRMSOFFSETMUST BE DONEBEFORE VA GAINCALIBRATIONWATT AND VACAN BE CALIBRATEDSIMULTANEOUSLY @PF = 1 BECAUSE THEYHAVE SEPARATE PULSE OUTPUTSALLPHASESVA AND WATTGAIN CAL?YESNOSET UP PULSEOUTPUT FORA, B, OR CCALIBRATEWATT AND VAGAIN @ ITEST,PF = 1ALLPHASESGAIN CALVAR?YESNOSET UP FORPHASEA, B, OR CCALIBRATEVAR GAIN@ ITEST, PF = 0,INDUCTIVEALLPHASESPHASE ERROR CAL?YESNOSET UP PULSEOUTPUT FORA, B, OR CCALIBRATEPHASE @ ITEST,PF = 0.5,INDUCTIVEALL PHASESVAR OFFSETCAL?YESNOSET UP PULSEOUTPUT FORA, B, OR CCALIBRATEVAR OFFSET@ IMIN, PF = 0,INDUCTIVEALL PHASESWATT OFFSETCAL?YESNOSET UP PULSEOUTPUT FORA, B, OR CCALIBRATEWATT OFFSET@ IMIN, PF = 1END04443-076 Figure 77. Calibration Using Pulse Output Gain Calibration Using Pulse Output Gain calibration is used for meter-to-meter gain adjustment, APCF or VARCF output rate calibration, and determining the Wh/LSB, VARh/LSB, and VAh/LSB constant. The registers used for watt gain calibration are APCFNUM (0x45), APCFDEN (0x46), and xWG (0x2A to 0x2C). Equation 50 through Equation 52 show how these registers affect the Wh/LSB constant and the APCF pulses. For calibrating VAR gain, the registers in Equation 50 through Equation 52 should be replaced by VARCFNUM (0x47), VARCFDEN (0x48), and xVARG (0x2D to 0x2F). For VAGAIN, they should be replaced by VARCFNUM (0x47), VARCFDEN (0x48), and xVAG (0x30 to 0x32). Figure 78 shows the steps for gain calibration of watts, VA, or VAR using the pulse outputs. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 44 of 72 STARTSTEP1STEP1AENABLEAPCFANDVARCFPULSEOUTPUTSSTEP2CLEAR GAINREGISTERS:xWG,xVAG,xVARGSELECTVAFORVARCF OUTPUTCFNUM/VARCFNUMSETTOCALCULATEVALUES?NOYESALLPHASESVAANDWATTGAINCAL?YESNOSTEP3SETUPPULSEOUTPUTFORPHASEA,B, ORCSTEP5SETUPSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOMPF=1STEP6MEASURE%ERRORFORAPCFANDVARCFSTEP7CALCULATEANDWRITETOxWG,xVAGCALCULATEWh/LSBANDVAh/LSBCONSTANTSSETCFNUM/VARCFNUMANDCFDEN/VARCFDENTOCALCULATEDVALUESSTEP4ENDALLPHASESVAR GAINCALIBRATED?YESNOSELECTVARFORVARCFOUTPUTSTEP3SETUPPULSEOUTPUTFORPHASEA,B, ORCVARCFNUM/VARCFDENSETTOCALCULATEDVALUES?NOYESSTEP5SETUPSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOMPF=0, INDUCTIVESTEP6MEASURE%ERRORFORVARCFSTEP7CALCULATEANDWRITETOxVARGCALCULATEVARh/LSBCONSTANTSETVARCFNUM/VARCFDENTOCALCULATEDVALUESSTEP404443-077SELECTPHASEA,B, ORCFORLINEPERIODMEASUREMENT Figure 78. Gain Calibration Using Pulse Output Step 1: Enable the pulse output by setting Bit 2 of the OPMODE register (0x13) to Logic 0. This bit enables both the APCF and VARCF pulses. Step 1a: VAR and VA share the VARCF pulse output. WAVMODE[7], Address (0x15), should be set to choose between VAR or VA pulses on the output. Setting the bit to Logic 1 selects VA. The default is Logic 0 or VARCF pulse output. Step 2: Ensure the xWG/xVARG/xVAG are zero. Step 3: Disable the Phase B and Phase C contribution to the APCF and VARCF pulses. This is done by the TERMSEL[2:4] bits of the COMPMODE register (0x16). Setting Bit 2 to Logic 1 and Bit 3 and Bit 4 to Logic 0 allows only Phase A to be included in the pulse outputs. Select Phase A, Phase B, or Phase C for a line period measurement with the FREQSEL[1:0] bits in the MMODE register (0x14). For example, clearing Bit 1 and Bit 0 selects Phase A for line period measurement. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 45 of 72 Step 4: Set APCFNUM (0x45) and APCFDEN (0x46) to the calculated value to perform a coarse adjustment on the imp/kWh ratio. For VAR/VA calibration, set VARCFNUM (0x47) and VARCFDEN (0x48) to the calculated value. The pulse output frequency with one phase at full-scale inputs is approximately 16 kHz. A sample set of meters could be tested to find a more exact value of the pulse output at full scale in the user application. To calculate the values for APCFNUM/APCFDEN and VARCFNUM/VARCFDEN, use the following formulas: FULLSCALETESTFULLSCALENOMNOMINALIIVVAPCF××=kHz16 (45) ()θ××××=cos36001000NOMTESTEXPECTEDVIMCAPCF (46) ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛=EXPECTEDNOMINALAPCFAPCFINTAPCFDEN (47) where: MC is the meter constant. ITEST is the test current. VNOM is the nominal voltage at which the meter is tested. VFULLSCALE and IFULLSCALE are the values of current and voltage, which correspond to the full-scale ADC inputs of the ADE7758. θ is the angle between the current and the voltage channel. APCFEXPECTED is equivalent to the reference meter output under the test conditions. APCFNUM is written to 0 or 1. The equations for calculating the VARCFNUM and VARCFDEN during VAR calibration are similar: ()θ××××=sin36001000NOMTESTEXPECTEDVIMCVARCF (48) Because the APCFDEN and VARCFDEN values can be calculated from the meter design, these values can be written to the part automatically during production calibration. Step 5: Set the test system for ITEST, VNOM, and the unity power factor. For VAR calibration, the power factor should be set to 0 inductive in this step. For watt and VA, the unity power factor should be used. VAGAIN can be calibrated at the same time as WGAIN because VAGAIN can be calibrated at the unity power factor, and both pulse outputs can be measured simultaneously. However, when calibrating VAGAIN at the same time as WGAIN, the rms offsets should be calibrated first (see the Calibration of IRMS and VRMS Offset section). Step 6: Measure the percent error in the pulse output, APCF and/or VARCF, from the reference meter: %100–%×=REFREFCFCFAPCFError (49) where CFREF = APCFEXPECTED = the pulse output of the reference meter. Step 7: Calculate xWG adjustment. One LSB change in xWG (12 bits) changes the WATTHR register by 0.0244% and therefore APCF by 0.0244%. The same relationship holds true for VARCF. [][][]⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛+××=1220:1110:110:11xWGAPCFDENAPCFNUMAPCFAPCFNOMINALEXPECTED (50) %0244.0%–ErrorxWG= (51) When APCF is calibrated, the xWATTHR registers have the same Wh/LSB from meter to meter if the meter constant and the APCFNUM/APCFDEN ratio remain the same. The Wh/LSB constant is WDIVAPCFNUMAPCFDENMCLSBWh1100041×××= (52) Return to Step 2 to calibrate Phase B and Phase C gain. Example: Watt Gain Calibration of Phase A Using Pulse Output For this example, ITEST = 10 A, VNOM = 220 V, VFULLSCALE = 500 V, IFULLSCALE = 130 A, MC = 3200 impulses/kWh, Power Factor = 1, and Frequency = 50 Hz. Clear APCFNUM (0x45) and write the calculated value to APCFDEN (0x46) to perform a coarse adjustment on the imp/kWh ratio, using Equation 45 through Equation 47. kHz542.013010500220kHz16=××=NOMINALAPCF ()Hz9556.10cos36001000220103200=××××=EXPECTEDAPCF 277Hz9556.1Hz542=⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛=INTAPCFDEN With Phase A contributing to CF, at ITEST, VNOM, and the unity power factor, the example ADE7758 meter shows 2.058 Hz on the pulse output. This is equivalent to a 5.26% error from the reference meter value using Equation 49. %26.5%100Hz9556.1Hz9556.1–Hz058.2=×=%Error The AWG value is calculated to be −216 d using Equation 51, which means the value 0xF28 should be written to AWG. 2802165.215%0244.0%26.5–xFAWG=−=−== ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 46 of 72 PHASE CALIBRATION USING PULSE OUTPUT The ADE7758 includes a phase calibration register on each phase to compensate for small phase errors. Large phase errors should be compensated by adjusting the antialiasing filters. The ADE7758 phase calibration is a time delay with different weights in the positive and negative direction (see the Phase Compensation section). Because a current transformer is a source of phase error, a fixed nominal value can be decided on to load into the xPHCAL registers at power-up. During calibration, this value can be adjusted for CT-to-CT error. Figure 79 shows the steps involved in calibrating the phase using the pulse output. START ALL PHASES PHASEERROR CALIBRATED? END YES NO STEP1 SET UPPULSE OUTPUTFOR PHASEA,B, ORC ANDENABLECF OUTPUTS STEP2 SET UPSYSTEM FOR ITEST, VNOM, PF=0.5, INDUCTIVE STEP3 MEASURE% ERROR INAPCF STEP4 CALCULATEPHASE ERROR(DEGREES) STEP5 PERIOD OF SYSTEM KNOWN? MEASURE PERIODUSING FREQ[11:0] REGISTER NO YES CALCULATEAND WRITETO xPHCAL 04443-078 SELECTPHASE FORLINEPERIOD MEASUREMENT CONFIGURE FREQ[11:0]FORA LINEPERIOD MEASUREMENT Figure 79. Phase Calibration Using Pulse Output Step 1: Step 1 and Step 3 from the gain calibration should be repeated to configure the ADE7758 pulse output. Ensure the xPHCAL registers are zero. Step 2: Set the test system for ITEST, VNOM, and 0.5 power factor inductive. Step 3: Measure the percent error in the pulse output, APCF, from the reference meter using Equation 49. Step 4: Calculate the Phase Error in degrees by 100%3 – %Error Error Arcsin Phase (53) Step 5: Calculate xPHCAL. 360 1 ) ( 1 _ _ 1 s PeriodLine PHCAL LSB Weight Error Phase xPHCAL (54) where PHCAL_LSB_Weight is 1.2 μs if the %Error is negative or 2.4 μs if the %Error is positive (see the Phase Compensation section). If it is not known, the line period is available in the ADE7758 frequency register, FREQ (0x10). To configure line period measurement, select the phase for period measurement in the MMODE[1:0] and set LCYCMODE[7]. Equation 55 shows how to determine the value that needs to be written to xPHCAL using the period register measurement. 360 ] 0:11[ _ _ 6 .9 FREQ PHCAL LSB Weight s Error Phase xPHCAL (55) Example: Phase Calibration of Phase A Using Pulse Output For this example, ITEST = 10 A, VNOM = 220 V, VFULLSCALE = 500 V, IFULLSCALE = 130 A, MC = 3200 impulses/kWh, power factor = 0.5 inductive, and frequency = 50 Hz. With Phase A contributing to CF, at ITEST, VNOM, and 0.5 inductive power factor, the example ADE7758 meter shows 0.9668 Hz on the pulse output. This is equivalent to −1.122% error from the reference meter value using Equation 49. The Phase Error in degrees using Equation 53 is 0.3713°. 3713 .0 3 %100 1.122% – Error – Arcsin Phase If at 50 Hz the FREQ register = 2083d, the value that should be written to APHCAL is 17d, or 0x11 using Equation 55. Note that a PHCAL_LSB_Weight of 1.2 μs is used because the %Error is negative. 11 01719.17 360 2083 μs 2.1 μs 6.9 3713 .0 APHCAL x Power Offset Calibration Using Pulse Output Power offset calibration should be used for outstanding performance over a wide dynamic range (1000:1). Calibration of the power offset is done at or close to the minimum current where the desired accuracy is required. The ADE7758 has power offset registers for watts and VAR (xWATTOS and xVAROS). Offsets in the VA measurement are compensated by adjusting the rms offset registers (see the Calibration of IRMS and VRMS Offset section). Figure 80 shows the steps to calibrate the power offsets using the pulse outputs. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 47 of 72 STARTSTEP1ENABLECFOUTPUTSSTEP2CLEAR OFFSETREGISTERSxWATTOS,xVAROSALLPHASESWATT OFFSETCALIBRATED?YESNOALLPHASESVAR OFFSETCALIBRATED?YESNOSETUPAPCFPULSE OUTPUTFORPHASEA,B,ORCSTEP4STEP3SETUPSYSTEMFORIMIN,VNOM,PF=1STEP5MEASURE%ERRORFORAPCFSTEP6CALCULATEANDWRITETOxWATTOSENDSETUPVARCFPULSE OUTPUTFORPHASEA,B,ORCSTEP4STEP3SETUPSYSTEMFORIMIN,VNOM,PF=0, INDUCTIVESTEP5MEASURE%ERRORFORVARCFMEASUREPERIODUSINGFREQ[11:0]REGISTERSTEP6CALCULATEANDWRITETOxVAROSSTEP7.REPEATSTEP3TOSTEP6FORxVAROSSELECTPHASEFORLINEPERIODMEASUREMENTCONFIGUREFREQ[11:0]FORALINEPERIODMEASUREMENT04443-079 Figure 80. Offset Calibration Using Pulse Output Step 1: Repeat Step 1 and Step 3 from the gain calibration to configure the ADE7758 pulse output. Step 2: Clear the xWATTOS and xVAROS registers. Step3: Disable the Phase B and Phase C contribution to the APCF and VARCF pulses. This is done by the TERMSEL[2:4] bits of the COMPMODE register (0x16). Setting Bit 2 to Logic 1 and Bit 3 and Bit 4 to Logic 0 allows only Phase A to be included in the pulse outputs. Select Phase A, Phase B, or Phase C for a line period measurement with the FREQSEL[1:0] bits in the MMODE register (0x14). For example, clearing Bit 1 and Bit 0 selects Phase A for line period measurement. Step 4: Set the test system for IMIN, VNOM, and unity power factor. For Step 6, set the test system for IMIN, VNOM, and zero-power factor inductive. Step 5: Measure the percent error in the pulse output, APCF or VARCF, from the reference meter using Equation 49. Step 6: Calculate xWATTOS using Equation 56 (for xVAROS use Equation 57). APCFNUMAPCFDENQAPCF%APCFxWATTOSEXPECTEDERROR××⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛×=42%100– (56) ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 48 of 72 VARCFNUMVARCFDENQVARCF%VARCFxVAROSEXPECTEDERROR××⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛×=42%100– (57) where Q is defined in Equation 58 and Equation 59. For xWATTOS, 4121425××=CLKINQ (58) For xVAROS, 4140]:[1120221424×⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛××=FREQCLKINQ (59) where the FREQ (0x10) register is configured for line period measurements. Step 7: Repeat Step 3 to Step 6 for xVAROS calibration. Example: Offset Calibration of Phase A Using Pulse Output For this example, IMIN = 50 mA, VNOM = 220 V, VFULLSCALE = 500 V, IFULLSCALE = 130 A, MC = 3200 impulses/kWh, Power Factor = 1, Frequency = 50 Hz, and CLKIN = 10 MHz. With IMIN, VNOM, and unity power factor, the example ADE7758 meter shows 0.009789 Hz on the APCF pulse output. When the power factor is changed to 0.5 inductive, the VARCF output is 0.009769 Hz. This is equivalent to 0.1198% for the watt measurement and −0.0860% for the VAR measurement. Using Equation 56 through Equation 59, the values 0xFFD and 0x3 should be written to AWATTOS (0x39) and AVAROS (0x3C), respectively. 0xFFD3– –2.812770.0186320.009778%1000.1198%–4===××⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛×=AWATTOS 32.612770.0144420.009778%1000.0860%––4==××⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛×=AVAROS For AWATTOS, 01863.04121461025=××=EQ For AVAROS, 0.01444414208320221461024=×××=EQ Calibration Using Line Accumulation Line cycle accumulation mode configures the nine energy registers such that the amount of energy accumulated over an integer number of half line cycles appears in the registers after the LENERGY interrupt. The benefit of using this mode is that the sinusoidal component of the active energy is eliminated. Figure 81 shows a flowchart of how to calibrate the ADE7758 using the line accumulation mode. Calibration of all phases and energies can be done simultaneously using this mode to save time during calibration. STARTCAL IRMS OFFSETCAL VRMS OFFSETCAL WATT AND VAGAIN ALL PHASES@ PF = 1CAL VAR GAIN ALLPHASES @ PF = 0,INDUCTIVECALIBRATE PHASEALL PHASES@ PF = 0.5,INDUCTIVECALIBRATE ALLPHASES WATTOFFSET @ IMIN ANDPF = 1CALIBRATE ALLPHASES VAROFFSETS @ IMINAND PF = 0,INDUCTIVEEND04443-080 Figure 81. Calibration Using Line Accumulation Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 49 of 72 Gain Calibration Using Line Accumulation Step 2: Select Phase A, Phase B, or Phase C for a line period measurement with the FREQSEL[1:0] bits in the MMODE register (0x14). For example, clearing Bit 1 and Bit 0 selects Phase A for line period measurement. Gain calibration is used for meter-to-meter gain adjustment, APCF or VARCF output rate calibration, and determining the Wh/LSB, VARh/LSB, and VAh/LSB constant. Step 3: Set up ADE7758 for line accumulation by writing 0xBF to LCYCMODE. This enables the line accumulation mode on the xWATTHR, xVARHR, and xVAHR (0x01 to 0x09) registers by setting the LWATT, LVAR, and LVA bits, LCYCMODE[0:2] (0x17), to Logic 1. It also sets the ZXSEL bits, LCYCMODE[3:5], to Logic 1 to enable the zero-crossing detection on all phases for line accumulation. Additionally, the FREQSEL bit, LCYCMODE[7], is set so that FREQ (0x10) stores the line period. When using the line accumulation mode, the RSTREAD bit of LCYCMODE should be set to 0 to disable the read with reset mode. Select the phase for line period measurement in MMODE[1:0]. Step 0: Before performing the gain calibration, the APCFNUM/ APCFDEN (0x45/0x46) and VARCFNUM/ VARCFDEN (0x47/0x48) values can be set to achieve the correct impulses/kWh, impulses/kVAh, or impulses/kVARh using the same method outlined in Step 4 in the Gain Calibration Using Pulse Output section. The calibration of xWG/xVARG/xVAG (0x2A through 0x32) is done with the line accumulation mode. Figure 82 shows the steps involved in calibrating the gain registers using the line accumulation mode. Step 1: Clear xWG, xVARG, and xVAG. Step 4: Set the number of half-line cycles for line accumulation by writing to LINECYC (0x1C). FREQUENCYKNOWN?NOYESSTEP0SETAPCFNUM/APCFDENANDVARCFNUM/VARCFDENSTEP1STEP2CLEARxWG/xVAR/xVAGSTEP3SETLYCMODEREGISTERSTEP4SETACCUMULATIONTIME(LINECYC)STEP5SETMASKFORLENERGY INTERRUPTSTEP6SETUPSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOM,PF=1STEP7READFREQ[11:0]REGISTERSTEP8RESETSTATUSREGISTERSTEP9READALLxWATTHRANDxVAHRAFTERLENERGYINTERRUPTSTEP9ACALCULATExWGSTEP9BCALCULATExVAGSTEP10WRITETOxWGANDxVAGCALIBRATEWATTANDVA@PF=1STEP11SETUPTESTSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOM,PF=0, INDUCTIVESTEP12RESETSTATUSREGISTERSTEP13READALLxVARHRAFTERLENERGYINTERRUPTSTEP14CALCULATExVARGSTEP15WRITETOxVARGSTEP16CALCULATEWh/LSB,VAh/LSB,VARh/LSBEND04443-081SELECTPHASEFORLINEPERIODMEASUREMENTCONFIGUREFREQ[11:0]FORALINEPERIODMEASUREMENT Figure 82. Gain Calibration Using Line Accumulation ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 50 of 72 Step 5: Set the LENERGY bit, MASK[12] (0x18), to Logic 1 to enable the interrupt signaling the end of the line cycle accumulation. Step 6: Set the test system for ITEST, VNOM, and unity power factor (calibrate watt and VA simultaneously and first). Step 7: Read the FREQ (0x10) register if the line frequency is unknown. Step 8: Reset the interrupt status register by reading RSTATUS (0x1A). Step 9: Read all six xWATTHR (0x01 to 0x03) and xVAHR (0x07 to 0x09) energy registers after the LENERGY interrupt and store the values. Step 9a: Calculate the values to be written to xWG registers according to the following equations: ()WDIVAPCFNUMAPCFDENAccumTimeθcosVIMCWATTHRNOMTESTEXPECTED1360010004××××××××= (60) where AccumTime is []SelectedPhasesofNo.FrequencyLine :LINECYC××2015 (61) where: MC is the meter constant. θ is the angle between the current and voltage. Line Frequency is known or calculated from the FREQ[11:0] register. With the FREQ[11:0] register configured for line period measurements, the line frequency is calculated with Equation 62. 6-109.60]:[111××=FREQFrequencyLine (62) No. of Phases Selected is the number of ZXSEL bits set to Logic 1 in LCYCMODE (0x17). Then, xWG is calculated as 1221×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−=MEASUREDEXPECTEDWATTHRWATTHRxWG (63) Step 9b: Calculate the values to be written to the xVAG registers according to the following equation: VADIVVARCFNUMVARCFDENAccumTimeVIMCVAHRNOMTESTEXPECTED1360010004×××××××= (64) 1221×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−=MEASUREDEXPECTEDVAHRVAHRxVAG Step 10: Write to xWG and xVAG. Step 11: Set the test system for ITEST, VNOM, and zero power factor inductive to calibrate VAR gain. Step 12: Repeat Step 7. Step 13: Read the xVARHR (0x04 to 0x06) after the LENERGY interrupt and store the values. Step 14: Calculate the values to be written to the xVARG registers (to adjust VARCF to the expected value). ()VARDIVVARCFNUMVARCFDENAccumTimeθsinVIMCVARHRNOMTESTEXPECTED1360010004××××××××= (65) 1221×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−=MEASUREDEXPECTEDVARHRVARHRxVARG Step 15: Write to xVARG. Step 16: Calculate the Wh/LSB, VARh/LSB, and VAh/LSB constants. ()xWATTHRAccumTimeθcosVILSBWhNOMTEST××××=3600 (66) xVAHRAccumTimeVILSBVAhNOMTEST×××=3600 (67) ()xVARHRAccumTimeθsinVILSBVARhNOMTEST××××=3600 (68) Example: Watt Gain Calibration Using Line Accumulation This example shows only Phase A watt calibration. The steps outlined in the Gain Calibration Using Line Accumulation section show how to calibrate watt, VA, and VAR. All three phases can be calibrated simultaneously because there are nine energy registers. For this example, ITEST = 10 A, VNOM = 220 V, Power Factor = 1, Frequency = 50 Hz, LINECYC (0x1C) is set to 0x800, and MC = 3200 imp/kWhr. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 51 of 72 To set APCFNUM (0x45) and APCFDEN (0x46) to the calculated value to perform a coarse adjustment on the imp/kW-hr ratio, use Equation 45 to Equation 47. kHz5415.013010500220kH16=××=zAPCFNOMINAL ()Hz1.956cos36001000220103200=θ××××=EXPECTEDAPCF 277Hz956.1Hz5.541INT=⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛=APCFDEN Under the test conditions above, the AWATTHR register value is 15559d after the LENERGY interrupt. Using Equation 60 and Equation 61, the value to be written to AWG is −199d, 0xF39. []SelectedPhasesofNo.FREQ:LINECYCAccumTime××××=−6106.9]0:11[12015 6.832128s3106.920851280006=××××=−xAccumTime 148041127736001000832.612201032004=××××××××=EXPECTEDWATTHR 0xF39–199–198.8764021155591480412===×⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛−=xWG Using Equation 66, the Wh/LSB constant is 00.000282148043600832.622010=×××=LSBWh Phase Calibration Using Line Accumulation The ADE7758 includes a phase calibration register on each phase to compensate for small phase errors. Large phase errors should be compensated by adjusting the antialiasing filters. The ADE7758 phase calibration is a time delay with different weights in the positive and negative direction (see the Phase Compensation section). Because a current transformer is a source of phase error, a fixed nominal value can be decided on to load into the xPHCAL (0x3F to 0x41) registers at power-up. During calibration, this value can be adjusted for CT-to-CT error. Figure 83 shows the steps involved in calibrating the phase using the line accumulation mode. STEP1SETLCYCMODE,LINECYCANDMASKREGISTERSSTEP2SETUPSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOM,PF=0.5,INDUCTIVESTEP3RESETSTATUSREGISTERSTEP4READALLxWATTHRREGISTERSAFTERLENERGYINTERRUPTSTEP5CALCULATEPHASEERROR INDEGREESFORALLPHASESSTEP6CALCULATEANDWRITETOALLxPHCALREGISTERS04443-082 Figure 83. Phase Calibration Using Line Accumulation Step 1: If the values were changed after gain calibration, Step 1, Step 3, and Step 4 from the gain calibration should be repeated to configure the LCYCMODE and LINECYC registers. Step 2: Set the test system for ITEST, VNOM, and 0.5 power factor inductive. Step 3: Reset the interrupt status register by reading RSTATUS (0x1A). Step 4: The xWATTHR registers should be read after the LENERGY interrupt. Measure the percent error in the energy register readings (AWATTHR, BWATTHR, and CWATTHR) compared to the energy register readings at unity power factor (after gain calibration) using Equation 69. The readings at unity power factor should have been repeated after the gain calibration and stored for use in the phase calibration routine. 22–1PF1PF5PF====xWATTHRxWATTHRxWATTHRError (69) Step 5: Calculate the Phase Error in degrees using the equation ()⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛=°3–ErrorArcsinErrorPhase (70) Step 6: Calculate xPHCAL and write to the xPHCAL registers (0x3F to 0x41). °×××=3601)(1__1sPeriodLineWeightLSBPHCALErrorPhasexPHCAL(71) where PHCAL_LSB_Weight is 1.2 μs if the %Error is negative or 2.4 μs if the %Error is positive (see the Phase Compensation section). ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 52 of 72 If it is not known, the line period is available in the ADE7758 frequency register, FREQ (0x10). To configure line period measurement, select the phase for period measurement in the MMODE[1:0] and set LCYCMODE[7]. Equation 72 shows how to determine the value that needs to be written to xPHCAL using the period register measurement. °××=360]0:11[__μs6.9FREQWeightLSBPHCALErrorPhasexPHCAL (72) Example: Phase Calibration Using Line Accumulation This example shows only Phase A phase calibration. All three PHCAL registers can be calibrated simultaneously using the same method. For this example, ITEST = 10 A, VNOM = 220 V, power factor = 0.5 inductive, and frequency = 50 Hz. Also, LINECYC = 0x800. With ITEST, VNOM, and 0.5 inductive power factor, the example ADE7758 meter shows 7318d in the AWATTHR (0x01) register. 14804d in the AWATTHR register. This is equivalent to −1.132% error. %132.101132.0214804214804–7318−=−==Error ()°=⎟⎠ ⎞⎛−01132.0 50 Hz, the FREQ (0x10) register = 2085d, is 17d. Note that a PHCAL_LSB_Weight of 1.2 μs is used because the %Error is negative. 11x01736020852.16.9374.0==××°=APHCAL F STEP1SETMMODE,LCYCMODE,LINECYCANDMASKREGISTERSSTEP2SETUPSYSTEMFORIMIN,VNOM@PF=1STEP3RESETSTATUSREGISTERSTEP4READALLxWATTHRREGISTERSAFTERLENERGYINTERRUPTENDFORSTEP8READALLxVARHRAFTERLENERGYINTERRUPTFORSTEP8,CALCULATExVAROSFORALLPHASESSTEP5CALCULATExWATTOSFORALLPHASESFORSTEP8,WRITETOALLxVAROSREGISTERSSTEP6WRITETOALLxWATTOSREGISTERSSTEP7SETUPSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOM@PF=0, INDUCTIVESTEP8REPEATSTEP3TOSTEP8FORxVARHR,xVAROS CALIBRATION Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 53 of 72 Power Offset Calibration Using Line Accumulation Power offset calibration should be used for outstanding performance over a wide dynamic range (1000:1). Calibration of the power offset is done at or close to the minimum current. The ADE7758 has power offset registers for watts and VAR, xWATTOS (0x39 to 0x3B) and xVAROS (0x3C to 0x3E). Offsets in the VA measurement are compensated by adjusting the rms offset registers (see the Calibration of IRMS and VRMS Offset section). More line cycles could be required at the minimum current to minimize the effect of quantization error on the offset calibration. For example, if a current of 40 mA results in an active energy accumulation of 113 after 2000 half line cycles, one LSB variation in this reading represents an 0.8% error. This measurement does not provide enough resolution to calibrate out a <1% offset error. However, if the active energy is accumulated over 37,500 half line cycles, one LSB variation results in 0.05% error, reducing the quantization error. Figure 84 shows the steps to calibrate the power offsets using the line accumulation mode. Step 1: If the values change after gain calibration, Step 1, Step 3, and Step 4 from the gain calibration should be repeated to configure the LCYCMODE, LINECYC, and MASK registers. Select Phase A, Phase B, or Phase C for a line period measure-ment with the FREQSEL[1:0] bits in the MMODE register (0x14). For example, clearing Bit 1 and Bit 0 selects Phase A for line period measurement. Step 2: Set the test system for IMIN, VNOM, and unity power factor. Step 3: Reset the interrupt status register by reading RSTATUS (0x1A). Step 4: Read all xWATTHR energy registers (0x01 to 0x03) after the LENERGY interrupt and store the values. Step 4a: If it is not known, the line period is available in the ADE7758 frequency register, FREQ (0x10). To configure line period measurement, select the phase for period measurement in the MMODE[1:0] and set LCYCMODE[7]. Step 5: Calculate the value to be written to the xWATTOS registers according to the following equations: TESTMINMINITESTIMINITESTIIIILINECYCLINECYCxWATTHRIxWATTHROffsetTESTMIN––×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛××= (73) []29240:11×××=CLKINAccumTimeOffsetxWATTOS (74) where: AccumTime is defined in Equation 61. is the value in the energy register at ITEST. is the value in the energy register at IMIN. LINECYCIMIN is the number of line cycles accumulated at IMIN. LINECYCIMAX is the number of line cycles accumulated at IMAX. TESTIxWATTHRMINIxWATTHR Step 6: Write to all xWATTOS registers (0x39 to 0x3B). Step 7: Set the test system for IMIN, VNOM, and zero power factor inductive to calibrate VAR gain. Step 8: Repeat Steps 3, 4, and 5. Step 9: Calculate the value written to the xVAROS registers according to the following equations: TESTMINMINITESTIMINITESTIIIILINECYCLINECYCxVARHRIxVARHROffsetTESTMIN––×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛××= (75) 262202]0:11[40]:[11××××=FREQCLKINAccumTimeOffsetxVAROS(76) where the FREQ[11:0] register is configured for line period readings. Example: Power Offset Calibration Using Line Accumulation This example only shows Phase A of the phase active power offset calibration. Both active and reactive power offset for all phases can be calibrated simultaneously using the method explained in the Power Offset Calibration Using Line Accumulation section. For this example, IMIN = 50 mA, ITEST = 10 A, VNOM = 220 V, VFULLSCALE = 500 V, IFULLSCALE = 130 A, MC = 3200 impulses/kWh, Power Factor = 1, Frequency = 50 Hz, and CLKIN = 10 MHz. Also, LINECYCITEST = 0x800 and LINECYCIMIN = 0x4000. After accumulating over 0x800 line cycles for gain calibration at ITEST, the example ADE7758 meter shows 14804d in the AWATTHR (0x01) register. At IMIN, the meter shows 592d in the AWATTHR register. By using Equation 73, this is equivalent to 0.161 LSBs of offset; therefore, using Equation 61 and Equation 74, the value written to AWATTOS is 0d. 0.1610–0.050.050x8000x400014804–10592=×⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛××=Offset s64.453106.9208512400006=×××××=−AccumTime ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 54 of 72 00.0882MHz1054.6440.16129=−=×××=AWATTOS The low-pass filter used to obtain the rms measurements is not ideal; therefore, it is recommended to synchronize the readings with the zero crossings of the voltage waveform and to average a few measurements when reading the rms registers. Calibration of IRMS and VRMS Offset IRMSOS and VRMSOS are used to cancel noise and offset contributions from the inputs. The calibration method is the same whether calibrating using the pulse outputs or line accumulation. Reading the registers is required for this calibration because there is no rms pulse output. The rms offset calibration should be performed before VAGAIN calibration. The rms offset calibration also removes offset from the VA calculation. For this reason, no VA offset register exists in the ADE7758. The ADE7758 IRMS measurement is linear over a 500:1 range, and the VRMS measurement is linear over a 20:1 range. To measure the voltage VRMS offset (xVRMSOS), measure rms values at two different nonzero current levels, for example, VNOM and VFULLSCALE/20. To measure the current rms offset (IRMSOS), measure rms values at two different nonzero current levels, for example, ITEST and IFULLSCALE/500. This translates to two test conditions: ITEST and VNOM, and IFULLSCALE/500 and VFULLSCALE/20. Figure 85 shows a flowchart for calibrating the rms measurements. STEP1SETCONFIGURATIONREGISTERSFORZEROCROSSINGONALLPHASESSTEP2SET INTERRUPTMASKFORZEROCROSSINGONALLPHASESSTEP3STEP4READRMSREGISTERSSTEP5WRITETOxVRMSOSxIRMSOSSETUPSYSTEMFORITEST,VNOMSETUPSYSTEMFORIFULLSCALE/500,VFULLSCALE/20STARTTESTEDALLPHASES?YESNOTESTEDALLCONDITIONS?12STEP4ACHOOSENn=0STEP4DREADxIRMSxVRMSSTEP4ECALCULATETHEAVERAGE OFNSAMPLESSTEP4BRESET INTERRUPTSTATUSREGISTERENDn=n+1n=N?NOYESYESNOSTEP4CINTERRUPT?04443-084 Figure 85. RMS Calibration Routine Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 55 of 72 Step 1: Set configuration registers for zero crossings on all phases by writing the value 0x38 to the LCYCMODE register (0x17). This sets all of the ZXSEL bits to Logic 1. Step 2: Set the interrupt mask register for zero-crossing detection on all phases by writing 0xE00 to the MASK[0:24] register (0x18). This sets all of the ZX bits to Logic 1. Step 3: Set up the calibration system for one of the two test conditions: ITEST and VNOM, and IFULLSCALE/500 and VFULLSCALE/20. Step 4: Read the rms registers after the zero-crossing interrupt and take an average of N samples. This is recommended to get the most stable rms readings. This procedure is detailed in Figure 85: Steps 4a through 4e. Step 4a. Choose the number of samples, N, to be averaged. Step 4b. Reset the interrupt status register by reading RSTATUS (0x1A). Step 4c. Wait for the zero-crossing interrupt. When the zero-crossing interrupt occurs, move to Step 4d. Step 4d. Read the xIRMS and xVRMS registers. These values will be averaged in Step 4e. Step 4e: Average the N samples of xIRMS and xVRMS. The averaged values will be used in Step 5. Step 5: Write to the xVRMSOS (0x33 to 0x35) and xIRMSOS (0x36 to 0x38) registers according to the following equations: ()( 222222163841TESTMINITESTMINIMINTESTI–IIRMSI–IRMSIxIRMSOS×××= (77) where: IMIN is the full scale current/500. ITEST is the test current. IRMSIMIN and IRMSITEST are the current rms register values without offset correction for the inputs IMIN and ITEST, respectively. NOMMINVNOMMINVMINNOMV–VVRMSV–VRMSVxVRMSOS×××=641 (78) where: VMIN is the full scale voltage/20 VNOM is the nominal line voltage. VRMSVMIN and VRMSVNOM are the voltage rms register values without offset correction for the input VMIN and VNOM, respectively. Example: Calibration of RMS Offsets For this example, ITEST = 10 A, IMAX = 100 A, VNOM = 220 V, VFULLSCALE = 500 V, Power Factor = 1, and Frequency = 50 Hz. Twenty readings are taken synchronous to the zero crossings of all three phases at each current and voltage to determine the average xIRMS and xVRMS readings. At ITEST and VNOM, the example ADE7758 meter gets an average AIRMS (0x0A) reading of 148242.2 and 744570.8 in the AVRMS (0x0D) register. Then the current is set to IMIN = IFULLSCALE/500 or 260 mA. At IMIN, the average AIRMS reading is 3885.68. At VMIN = VFULLSCALE/20 or 25 V, the example meter gets an average AVRMS of 86362.36. Using this data, −15d is written to AIRMSOS (0x36) and −31d is written to AVRMSOS (0x33) registers according to the Equation 77 and Equation 78. ()(() 0xFF2158.1410–260.0148242.2260.0–3885.681016384122222=−=−=×××=AIRMSOS ()()()0xFE1319.30220–25744570.825–86362.36220641=−=−=×××=AVRMSOS This example shows the calculations and measurements for Phase A only. However, all three xIRMS and xVRMS registers can be read simultaneously to compute the values for each xIRMSOS and xVRMSOS register. CHECKSUM REGISTER The ADE7758 has a checksum register CHKSUM[7:0] (0x7E) to ensure the data bits received in the last serial read operation are not corrupted. The 8-bit checksum register is reset before the first bit (MSB of the register to be read) is put on the DOUT pin. During a serial read operation, when each data bit becomes available on the rising edge of SCLK, the bit is added to the checksum register. In the end of the serial read operation, the contents of the checksum register are equal to the sum of all the 1s in the register previously read. Using the checksum register, the user can determine if an error has occurred during the last read operation. Note that a read to the checksum register also generates a checksum of the checksum register itself. DOUTADDR: 0x7ECHECKSUMREGISTERCONTENT OF REGISTERS(N-BYTES)04443-085 Figure 86. Checksum Register for Serial Interface Read INTERRUPTS The ADE7758 interrupts are managed through the interrupt status register (STATUS[23:0], Address 0x19) and the interrupt mask register (MASK[23:0], Address 0x18). When an interrupt event occurs in the ADE7758, the corresponding flag in the interrupt status register is set to a Logic 1 (see Table 24). If the mask bit for this interrupt in the interrupt mask register is Logic 1, then the IRQ logic output goes active low. The flag bits ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 56 of 72 in the interrupt status register are set irrespective of the state of the mask bits. To determine the source of the interrupt, the MCU should perform a read from the reset interrupt status register with reset. This is achieved by carrying out a read from RSTATUS, Address 0x1A. The IRQ output goes logic high on completion of the interrupt status register read command (see the section). When carrying out a read with reset, the is designed to ensure that no interrupt events are missed. If an interrupt event occurs just as the interrupt status register is being read, the event is not lost, and the Interrupt TimingADE7758IRQ logic output is guaranteed to go logic high for the duration of the interrupt status register data transfer before going logic low again to indicate the pending interrupt. Note that the reset interrupt bit in the status register is high for only one clock cycle, and it then goes back to 0. USING THE INTERRUPTS WITH AN MCU Figure 87 shows a timing diagram that illustrates a suggested implementation of ADE7758 interrupt management using an MCU. At time t1, the IRQ line goes active low indicating that one or more interrupt events have occurred in the . The ADE7758IRQ logic output should be tied to a negative-edge-triggered external interrupt on the MCU. On detection of the negative edge, the MCU should be configured to start executing its interrupt service routine (ISR). On entering the ISR, all interrupts should be disabled using the global interrupt mask bit. At this point, the MCU external interrupt flag can be cleared to capture interrupt events that occur during the current ISR. When the MCU interrupt flag is cleared, a read from the reset interrupt status register with reset is carried out. (This causes the IRQ line to be reset logic high (t2); see the section.) The reset interrupt status register contents are used to determine the source of the interrupt(s) and hence the appropriate action to be taken. If a subsequent interrupt event occurs during the ISR (t3) that event is recorded by the MCU external interrupt flag being set again. Interrupt Timing On returning from the ISR, the global interrupt mask bit is cleared (same instruction cycle) and the external interrupt flag uses the MCU to jump to its ISR once again. This ensures that the MCU does not miss any external interrupts. The reset bit in the status register is an exception to this and is only high for one clock cycle after a reset event. INTERRUPT TIMING The Serial Interface section should be reviewed before reviewing this section. As previously described, when the IRQ output goes low, the MCU ISR must read the interrupt status register to determine the source of the interrupt. When reading the interrupt status register contents, the IRQ output is set high on the last falling edge of SCLK of the first byte transfer (read interrupt status register command). The IRQ output is held high until the last bit of the next 8-bit transfer is shifted out (interrupt status register contents), as shown in . If an interrupt is pending at this time, the Figure 88IRQ output goes low again. If no interrupt is pending, the IRQ output remains high. SERIAL INTERFACE The ADE7758 has a built-in SPI interface. The serial interface of the ADE7758 is made of four signals: SCLK, DIN, DOUT, and CS. The serial clock for a data transfer is applied at the SCLK logic input. This logic input has a Schmitt trigger input structure that allows slow rising (and falling) clock edges to be used. All data transfer operations are synchronized to the serial clock. Data is shifted into the at the DIN logic input on the falling edge of SCLK. Data is shifted out of the at the DOUT logic output on a rising edge of SCLK. ADE7758ADE7758 The CS logic input is the chip select input. This input is used when multiple devices share the serial bus. A falling edge on CS also resets the serial interface and places the in communications mode. ADE7758 The CS input should be driven low for the entire data transfer operation. Bringing CS high during a data transfer operation aborts the transfer and places the serial bus in a high impedance state. The CS logic input can be tied low if the is the only device on the serial bus. ADE7758 However, with CS tied low, all initiated data transfer operations must be fully completed. The LSB of each register must be transferred because there is no other way of bringing the back into communications mode without resetting the entire device, that is, performing a software reset using Bit 6 of the OPMODE[7:0] register, Address 0x13. ADE7758 The functionality of the ADE7758 is accessible via several on-chip registers (see Figure 89). The contents of these registers can be updated or read using the on-chip serial interface. After a falling edge on CS, the is placed in communications mode. In communications mode, the expects the first communication to be a write to the internal communications register. The data written to the communications register contains the address and specifies the next data transfer to be a read or a write command. Therefore, all data transfer operations with the , whether a read or a write, must begin with a write to the communications register. ADE7758ADE7758ADE7758 Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 57 of 72 GLOBALINTERRUPTMASKISR RETURNGLOBAL INTERRUPTMASK RESETCLEAR MCUINTERRUPTFLAGREADSTATUS WITHRESET (0x1A)ISR ACTION(BASED ON STATUS CONTENTS)MCUINTERRUPTFLAG SETPROGRAMSEQUENCEt1t2t3JUMPTOISRJUMPTOISRIRQ04443-086 Figure 87. ADE7758 Interrupt Management STATUS REGISTER CONTENTSSCLKDINDOUTREAD STATUS REGISTER COMMANDt1CS0001000DB15DB8DB7DB01t9t11t12IRQ04443-087 Figure 88. ADE7758 Interrupt Timing COMMUNICATIONSREGISTERINOUTINOUTINOUTINOUTINOUTREGISTER NO. 1REGISTER NO. 2REGISTER NO. 3REGISTER NO. n–1REGISTER NO. nREGISTERADDRESSDECODEDINDOUT04443-088 Figure 89. Addressing ADE7758 Registers via the Communications Register The communications register is an 8-bit, write-only register. The MSB determines whether the next data transfer operation is a read or a write. The seven LSBs contain the address of the register to be accessed (see Table 16). Figure 90 and Figure 91 show the data transfer sequences for a read and write operation, respectively. MULTIBYTECOMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITEDINSCLKDOUTREAD DATAADDRESS0CS04443-089 Figure 90. Reading Data from the ADE7758 via the Serial Interface COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITEDINSCLKADDRESS1CSMULTIBYTEREAD DATA04443-090 Figure 91. Writing Data to the ADE7758 via the Serial Interface On completion of a data transfer (read or write), the ADE7758 once again enters into communications mode, that is, the next instruction followed must be a write to the communications register. A data transfer is completed when the LSB of the ADE7758 register being addressed (for a write or a read) is transferred to or from the ADE7758. SERIAL WRITE OPERATION The serial write sequence takes place as follows. With the ADE7758 in communications mode and the CS input logic low, a write to the communications register takes place first. The MSB of this byte transfer must be set to 1, indicating that the next data transfer operation is a write to the register. The seven LSBs of this byte contain the address of the register to be written to. The starts shifting in the register data on the next falling edge of SCLK. All remaining bits of register data are shifted in on the falling edge of the subsequent SCLK pulses (see ). ADE7758Figure 92 ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 58 of 72 As explained earlier, the data write is initiated by a write to the communications register followed by the data. During a data write operation to the ADE7758, data is transferred to all on-chip registers one byte at a time. After a byte is transferred into the serial port, there is a finite time duration before the content in the serial port buffer is transferred to one of the ADE7758 on-chip registers. Although another byte transfer to the serial port can start while the previous byte is being transferred to the destination register, this second-byte transfer should not finish until at least 900 ns after the end of the previous byte transfer. This functionality is expressed in the timing specification t6 (see Figure 92). If a write operation is aborted during a byte transfer (CS brought high), then that byte is not written to the destination register. Destination registers can be up to 3 bytes wide (see the Accessing the On-Chip Registers section). Therefore, the first byte shifted into the serial port at DIN is transferred to the most significant byte (MSB) of the destination register. If the destination register is 12 bits wide, for example, a two-byte data transfer must take place. The data is always assumed to be right justified; therefore, in this case, the four MSBs of the first byte would be ignored, and the four LSBs of the first byte written to the ADE7758 would be the four MSBs of the 12-bit word. Figure 93 illustrates this example. DINSCLKCSt2t3t1t4t5t7t6t8COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE1A6A4A5A3A2A1A0DB7DB0DB7DB0t704443-091 Figure 92. Serial Interface Write Timing Diagram SCLKDINXXXXDB11DB10DB9DB8DB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB0MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE04443-092 Figure 93. 12-Bit Serial Write Operation SCLKCSt1t10t130A6A4A5A3A2A1A0DB0DB7DB0DB7DINDOUTt11t12COMMAND BYTEMOST SIGNIFICANT BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTEt904443-093 Figure 94. Serial Interface Read Timing Diagram Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 59 of 72 SERIAL READ OPERATION During a data read operation from the ADE7758, data is shifted out at the DOUT logic output on the rising edge of SCLK. As was the case with the data write operation, a data read must be preceded with a write to the communications register. With the ADE7758 in communications mode and CS logic low, an 8-bit write to the communications register takes place first. The MSB of this byte transfer must be a 0, indicating that the next data transfer operation is a read. The seven LSBs of this byte contain the address of the register that is to be read. The starts shifting out of the register data on the next rising edge of SCLK (see ). At this point, the DOUT logic output switches from a high impedance state and starts driving the data bus. All remaining bits of register data are shifted out on subsequent SCLK rising edges. The serial interface enters communications mode again as soon as the read is completed. The DOUT logic output enters a high impedance state on the falling edge of the last SCLK pulse. ADE7758Figure 94 The read operation can be aborted by bringing the CS logic input high before the data transfer is completed. The DOUT output enters a high impedance state on the rising edge of CS. When an ADE7758 register is addressed for a read operation, the entire contents of that register are transferred to the serial port. This allows the ADE7758 to modify its on-chip registers without the risk of corrupting data during a multibyte transfer. Note that when a read operation follows a write operation, the read command (that is, write to communications register) should not happen for at least 1.1 μs after the end of the write operation. If the read command is sent within 1.1 μs of the write operation, the last byte of the write operation can be lost. ACCESSING THE ON-CHIP REGISTERS All ADE7758 functionality is accessed via the on-chip registers. Each register is accessed by first writing to the communications register and then transferring the register data. For a full description of the serial interface protocol, see the Serial Interface section. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 60 of 72 REGISTERS COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER The communications register is an 8-bit, write-only register that controls the serial data transfer between the ADE7758 and the host processor. All data transfer operations must begin with a write to the communications register. The data written to the communications register determines whether the next operation is a read or a write and which register is being accessed. Table 16 outlines the bit designations for the communications register. Table 16. Communications Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Description 0 to 6 A0 to A6 The seven LSBs of the communications register specify the register for the data transfer operation. Table 17 lists the address of each ADE7758 on-chip register. 7 W/R When this bit is a Logic 1, the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the communications register is interpreted as a write to the ADE7758. When this bit is a Logic 0, the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the communications register is interpreted as a read operation. DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 W/R A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Table 17. ADE7758 Register List Address [A6:A0] Name R/W1 Length Type2 Default Value Description 0x00 Reserved – Reserved. 0x01 AWATTHR R 16 S 0 Watt-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase A. Active power is accumulated over time in this read-only register. The AWATTHR register can hold a maximum of 0.52 seconds of active energy information with full-scale analog inputs before it overflows (see the Active Energy Calculation section). Bit 0 and Bit 1 of the COMPMODE register determine how the active energy is processed from the six analog inputs. 0x02 BWATTHR R 16 S 0 Watt-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase B. 0x03 CWATTHR R 16 S 0 Watt-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase C. 0x04 AVARHR R 16 S 0 VAR-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase A. Reactive power is accumulated over time in this read-only register. The AVARHR register can hold a maximum of 0.52 seconds of reactive energy information with full-scale analog inputs before it overflows (see the Reactive Energy Calculation section). Bit 0 and Bit 1 of the COMPMODE register determine how the reactive energy is processed from the six analog inputs. 0x05 BVARHR R 16 S 0 VAR-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase B. 0x06 CVARHR R 16 S 0 VAR-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase C. 0x07 AVAHR R 16 S 0 VA-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase A. Apparent power is accumulated over time in this read-only register. The AVAHR register can hold a maximum of 1.15 seconds of apparent energy information with full-scale analog inputs before it overflows (see the Apparent Energy Calculation section). Bit 0 and Bit 1 of the COMPMODE register determine how the apparent energy is processed from the six analog inputs. 0x08 BVAHR R 16 S 0 VA-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase B. 0x09 CVAHR R 16 S 0 VA-Hour Accumulation Register for Phase C. 0x0A AIRMS R 24 S 0 Phase A Current Channel RMS Register. The register contains the rms component of the Phase A input of the current channel. The source is selected by data bits in the mode register. 0x0B BIRMS R 24 S 0 Phase B Current Channel RMS Register. 0x0C CIRMS R 24 S 0 Phase C Current Channel RMS Register. 0x0D AVRMS R 24 S 0 Phase A Voltage Channel RMS Register. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 61 of 72 Address [A6:A0] Name R/W1 Length Type2 Default Value Description 0x0E BVRMS R 24 S 0 Phase B Voltage Channel RMS Register. 0x0F CVRMS R 24 S 0 Phase C Voltage Channel RMS Register. 0x10 FREQ R 12 U 0 Frequency of the Line Input Estimated by the Zero-Crossing Processing. It can also display the period of the line input. Bit 7 of the LCYCMODE register determines if the reading is frequency or period. Default is frequency. Data Bit 0 and Bit 1 of the MMODE register determine the voltage channel used for the frequency or period calculation. 0x11 TEMP R 8 S 0 Temperature Register. This register contains the result of the latest temperature conversion. Refer to the Temperature Measurement section for details on how to interpret the content of this register. 0x12 WFORM R 24 S 0 Waveform Register. This register contains the digitized waveform of one of the six analog inputs or the digitized power waveform. The source is selected by Data Bit 0 to Bit 4 in the WAVMODE register. 0x13 OPMODE R/W 8 U 4 Operational Mode Register. This register defines the general configuration of the ADE7758 (see Table 18). 0x14 MMODE R/W 8 U 0xFC Measurement Mode Register. This register defines the channel used for period and peak detection measurements (see Table 19). 0x15 WAVMODE R/W 8 U 0 Waveform Mode Register. This register defines the channel and sampling frequency used in the waveform sampling mode (see Table 20). 0x16 COMPMODE R/W 8 U 0x1C Computation Mode Register. This register configures the formula applied for the energy and line active energy measurements (see Table 22). 0x17 LCYCMODE R/W 8 U 0x78 Line Cycle Mode Register. This register configures the line cycle accumulation mode for WATT-HR, VAR-HR, and VA-Hr (see Table 23). 0x18 Mask R/W 24 U 0 IRQ Mask Register. It determines if an interrupt event generates an active-low output at the IRQ pin (see the section). Interrupts 0x19 Status R 24 U 0 IRQ Status Register. This register contains information regarding the source of the interrupts (see the section). ADE7758Interrupts 0x1A RSTATUS R 24 U 0 IRQ Reset Status Register. Same as the STATUS register, except that its contents are reset to 0 (all flags cleared) after a read operation. 0x1B ZXTOUT R/W 16 U 0xFFFF Zero-Cross Timeout Register. If no zero crossing is detected within the time period specified by this register, the interrupt request line (IRQ) goes active low for the corresponding line voltage. The maximum timeout period is 2.3 seconds (see the section). Zero-Crossing Detection 0x1C LINECYC R/W 16 U 0xFFFF Line Cycle Register. The content of this register sets the number of half-line cycles that the active, reactive, and apparent energies are accumulated for in the line accumulation mode. 0x1D SAGCYC R/W 8 U 0xFF SAG Line Cycle Register. This register specifies the number of consecutive half-line cycles where voltage channel input may fall below a threshold level. This register is common to the three line voltage SAG detection. The detection threshold is specified by the SAGLVL register (see the Line Voltage SAG Detection section). 0x1E SAGLVL R/W 8 U 0 SAG Voltage Level. This register specifies the detection threshold for the SAG event. This register is common to all three phases’ line voltage SAG detections. See the description of the SAGCYC register for details. 0x1F VPINTLVL R/W 8 U 0xFF Voltage Peak Level Interrupt Threshold Register. This register sets the level of the voltage peak detection. Bit 5 to Bit 7 of the MMODE register determine which phases are to be monitored. If the selected voltage phase exceeds this level, the PKV flag in the IRQ status register is set. 0x20 IPINTLVL R/W 8 U 0xFF Current Peak Level Interrupt Threshold Register. This register sets the level of the current peak detection. Bit 5 to Bit 7 of the MMODE register determine which phases are to be monitored. If the selected current phase exceeds this level, the PKI flag in the IRQ status register is set. 0x21 VPEAK R 8 U 0 Voltage Peak Register. This register contains the value of the peak voltage waveform that has occurred within a fixed number of half-line cycles. The number of half-line cycles is set by the LINECYC register. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 62 of 72 Address [A6:A0] Name R/W1 Length Type2 Default Value Description 0x22 IPEAK R 8 U 0 Current Peak Register. This register holds the value of the peak current waveform that has occurred within a fixed number of half-line cycles. The number of half-line cycles is set by the LINECYC register. 0x23 Gain R/W 8 U 0 PGA Gain Register. This register is used to adjust the gain selection for the PGA in the current and voltage channels (see the Analog Inputs section). 0x24 AVRMSGAIN R/W 12 S 0 Phase A VRMS Gain Register. The range of the voltage rms calculation can be adjusted by writing to this register. It has an adjustment range of ±50% with a resolution of 0.0244%/LSB. 0x25 BVRMSGAIN R/W 12 S 0 Phase B VRMS Gain Register. 0x26 CVRMSGAIN R/W 12 S 0 Phase C VRMS Gain Register. 0x27 AIGAIN R/W 12 S 0 Phase A Current Gain Register. This register is not recommended to be used and it should be kept at 0, its default value. 0x28 BIGAIN R/W 12 S 0 Phase B Current Gain Register. This register is not recommended to be used and it should be kept at 0, its default value. 0x29 CIGAIN R/W 12 S 0 Phase C Current Gain Register. This register is not recommended to be used and it should be kept at 0, its default value. 0x2A AWG R/W 12 S 0 Phase A Watt Gain Register. The range of the watt calculation can be adjusted by writing to this register. It has an adjustment range of ±50% with a resolution of 0.0244%/LSB. 0x2B BWG R/W 12 S 0 Phase B Watt Gain Register. 0x2C CWG R/W 12 S 0 Phase C Watt Gain Register. 0x2D AVARG R/W 12 S 0 Phase A VAR Gain Register. The range of the VAR calculation can be adjusted by writing to this register. It has an adjustment range of ±50% with a resolution of 0.0244%/LSB. 0x2E BVARG R/W 12 S 0 Phase B VAR Gain Register. 0x2F CVARG R/W 12 S 0 Phase C VAR Gain Register. 0x30 AVAG R/W 12 S 0 Phase A VA Gain Register. The range of the VA calculation can be adjusted by writing to this register. It has an adjustment range of ±50% with a resolution of 0.0244%/LSB. 0x31 BVAG R/W 12 S 0 Phase B VA Gain Register. 0x32 CVAG R/W 12 S 0 Phase C VA Gain Register. 0x33 AVRMSOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase A Voltage RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x34 BVRMSOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase B Voltage RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x35 CVRMSOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase C Voltage RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x36 AIRMSOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase A Current RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x37 BIRMSOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase B Current RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x38 CIRMSOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase C Current RMS Offset Correction Register. 0x39 AWATTOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase A Watt Offset Calibration Register. 0x3A BWATTOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase B Watt Offset Calibration Register. 0x3B CWATTOS R/W 12 S 0 Phase C Watt Offset Calibration Register. 0x3C AVAROS R/W 12 S 0 Phase A VAR Offset Calibration Register. 0x3D BVAROS R/W 12 S 0 Phase B VAR Offset Calibration Register. 0x3E CVAROS R/W 12 S 0 Phase C VAR Offset Calibration Register. 0x3F APHCAL R/W 7 S 0 Phase A Phase Calibration Register. The phase relationship between the current and voltage channel can be adjusted by writing to this signed 7-bit register (see the Phase Compensation section). 0x40 BPHCAL R/W 7 S 0 Phase B Phase Calibration Register. 0x41 CPHCAL R/W 7 S 0 Phase C Phase Calibration Register. 0x42 WDIV R/W 8 U 0 Active Energy Register Divider. 0x43 VARDIV R/W 8 U 0 Reactive Energy Register Divider. 0x44 VADIV R/W 8 U 0 Apparent Energy Register Divider. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 63 of 72 Address [A6:A0] Name R/W1 Length Type2 Default Value Description 0x45 APCFNUM R/W 16 U 0 Active Power CF Scaling Numerator Register. The content of thisregister is used in the numerator of the APCF output scaling calculation. Bits [15:13] indicate reverse polarity active power measurement for Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C in order; that is, Bit 15 is Phase A, Bit 14 is Phase B, and so on. 0x46 APCFDEN R/W 12 U 0x3F Active Power CF Scaling Denominator Register. The content of this register is used in the denominator of the APCF output scaling. 0x47 VARCFNUM R/W 16 U 0 Reactive Power CF Scaling Numerator Register. The content of this register is used in the numerator of the VARCF output scaling. Bits [15:13] indicate reverse polarity reactive power measurement for Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C in order; that is, Bit 15 is Phase A, Bit 14 is Phase B, and so on. 0x48 VARCFDEN R/W 12 U 0x3F Reactive Power CF Scaling Denominator Register. The content of this register is used in the denominator of the VARCF output scaling. 0x49 to 0x7D Reserved − − – − Reserved. 0x7E CHKSUM R 8 U − Checksum Register. The content of this register represents the sum of all the ones in the last register read from the SPI port. 0x7F Version R 8 U − Version of the Die. 1 This column specifies the read/write capability of the register. R = Read only register. R/W = Register that can be both read and written. 2 Type decoder: U = unsigned; S = signed. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 64 of 72 OPERATIONAL MODE REGISTER (0x13) The general configuration of the ADE7758 is defined by writing to the OPMODE register. Table 18 summarizes the functionality of each bit in the OPMODE register. Table 18. OPMODE Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 0 DISHPF 0 The HPFs in all current channel inputs are disabled when this bit is set. 1 DISLPF 0 The LPFs after the watt and VAR multipliers are disabled when this bit is set. 2 DISCF 1 The frequency outputs APCF and VARCF are disabled when this bit is set. 3 to 5 DISMOD 0 By setting these bits, the ADE7758 ADCs can be turned off. In normal operation, these bits should be left at Logic 0. DISMOD[2:0] Description 0 0 0 Normal operation. 1 0 0 Redirect the voltage inputs to the signal paths for the current channels and the current inputs to the signal paths for the voltage channels. 0 0 1 Switch off only the current channel ADCs. 1 0 1 Switch off current channel ADCs and redirect the current input signals to the voltage channel signal paths. 0 1 0 Switch off only the voltage channel ADCs. 1 1 0 Switch off voltage channel ADCs and redirect the voltage input signals to the current channel signal paths. 0 1 1 Put the ADE7758 in sleep mode. 1 1 1 Put the ADE7758 in power-down mode (reduces AIDD to 1 mA typ). 6 SWRST 0 Software Chip Reset. A data transfer to the ADE7758 should not take place for at least 166 μs after a software reset. 7 Reserved 0 This should be left at 0. MEASUREMENT MODE REGISTER (0x14) The configuration of the PERIOD and peak measurements made by the ADE7758 is defined by writing to the MMODE register. Table 19 summarizes the functionality of each bit in the MMODE register. Table 19. MMODE Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 0 to 1 FREQSEL 0 These bits are used to select the source of the measurement of the voltage line frequency. FREQSEL1 FREQSEL0 Source 0 0 Phase A 0 1 Phase B 1 0 Phase C 1 1 Reserved 2 to 4 PEAKSEL 7 These bits select the phases used for the voltage and current peak registers. Setting Bit 2 switches the IPEAK and VPEAK registers to hold the absolute values of the largest current and voltage waveform (over a fixed number of half-line cycles) from Phase A. The number of half-line cycles is determined by the content of the LINECYC register. At the end of the LINECYC number of half-line cycles, the content of the registers is replaced with the new peak values. Similarly, setting Bit 3 turns on the peak detection for Phase B, and Bit 4 for Phase C. Note that if more than one bit is set, the VPEAK and IPEAK registers can hold values from two different phases, that is, the voltage and current peak are independently processed (see the Peak Current Detection section). 5 to 7 PKIRQSEL 7 These bits select the phases used for the peak interrupt detection. Setting Bit 5 switches on the monitoring of the absolute current and voltage waveform to Phase A. Similarly, setting Bit 6 turns on the waveform detection for Phase B, and Bit 7 for Phase C. Note that more than one bit can be set for detection on multiple phases. If the absolute values of the voltage or current waveform samples in the selected phases exceeds the preset level specified in the VPINTLVL or IPINTLVL registers the corresponding bit(s) in the STATUS registers are set (see the Peak Current Detection section). Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 65 of 72 WAVEFORM MODE REGISTER (0x15) The waveform sampling mode of the ADE7758 is defined by writing to the WAVMODE register. Table 20 summarizes the functionality of each bit in the WAVMODE register. Table 20. WAVMODE Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 0 to 1 PHSEL 0 These bits are used to select the phase of the waveform sample. PHSEL[1:0] Source 0 0 Phase A 0 1 Phase B 1 0 Phase C 1 1 Reserved 2 to 4 WAVSEL 0 These bits are used to select the type of waveform. WAVSEL[2:0] Source 0 0 0 Current 0 0 1 Voltage 0 1 0 Active Power Multiplier Output 0 1 1 Reactive Power Multiplier Output 1 0 0 VA Multiplier Output Others- Reserved 5 to 6 DTRT 0 These bits are used to select the data rate. DTRT[1:0] Update Rate 0 0 26.04 kSPS (CLKIN/3/128) 0 1 13.02 kSPS (CLKIN/3/256) 1 0 6.51 kSPS (CLKIN/3/512) 1 1 3.25 kSPS (CLKIN/3/1024) 7 VACF 0 Setting this bit to Logic 1 switches the VARCF output pin to an output frequency that is proportional to the total apparent power (VA). In the default state, Logic 0, the VARCF pin outputs a frequency proportional to the total reactive power (VAR). ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 66 of 72 COMPUTATIONAL MODE REGISTER (0x16) The computational method of the ADE7758 is defined by writing to the COMPMODE register. Table 21 summarizes the functionality of each bit in the COMPMODE register. Table 21. COMPMODE Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 0 to 1 CONSEL 0 These bits are used to select the input to the energy accumulation registers. CONSEL[1:0] = 11 is reserved. IA, IB, and IC are IA, IB, and IC phase shifted by –90°, respectively. Registers CONSEL[1, 0] = 00 CONSEL[1, 0] = 01 CONSEL[1, 0] = 10 AWATTHR VA × IA VA × (IA – IB) VA × (IA–IB) BWATTHR VB × IB 0 0 CWATTHR VC × IC VC × (IC – IB) VC × IC AVARHR VA × IA VA × (IA – IB) VA × (IA–IB) BVARHR VB × IB 0 0 CVARHR VC × IC VC × (IC – IB) VC × IC AVAHR VARMS × IARMS VARMS × IARMS VARMS × ARMS BVAHR VBRMS × IBRMS (VARMS + VCRMS)/2 × IBRMS VARMS × IBRMS CVAHR VCRMS × ICRMS VCRMS × ICRMS VCRMS × ICRMS 2 to 4 TERMSEL 7 These bits are used to select the phases to be included in the APCF and VARCF pulse outputs. Setting Bit 2 selects Phase A (the inputs to AWATTHR and AVARHR registers) to be included. Bit 3 and Bit 4 are for Phase B and Phase C, respectively. Setting all three bits enables the sum of all three phases to be included in the frequency outputs (see the Active Power Frequency Output and the Reactive Power Frequency Output sections). 5 ABS 0 Setting this bit places the APCF output pin in absolute only mode. Namely, the APCF output frequency is proportional to the sum of the absolute values of the watt-hour accumulation registers (AWATTHR, BWATTHR, and CWATTHR). Note that this bit only affects the APCF pin and has no effect on the content of the corresponding registers. 6 SAVAR 0 Setting this bit places the VARCF output pin in the signed adjusted mode. Namely, the VARCF output frequency is proportional to the sign-adjusted sum of the VAR-hour accumulation registers (AVARHR, BVARHR, and CVARHR). The sign of the VAR is determined from the sign of the watt calculation from the corresponding phase, that is, the sign of the VAR is flipped if the sign of the watt is negative, and if the watt is positive, there is no change to the sign of the VAR. Note that this bit only affects the VARCF pin and has no effect on the content of the corresponding registers. 7 NOLOAD 0 Setting this bit activates the no-load threshold in the ADE7758. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 67 of 72 LINE CYCLE ACCUMULATION MODE REGISTER (0x17) The functionalities involved the line-cycle accumulation mode in the ADE7758 are defined by writing to the LCYCMODE register. Table 22 summarizes the functionality of each bit in the LCYCMODE register. Table 22. LCYCMODE Register Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description 0 LWATT 0 Setting this bit places the watt-hour accumulation registers (AWATTHR, BWATTHR, and CWATTHR registers) into line-cycle accumulation mode. 1 LVAR 0 Setting this bit places the VAR-hour accumulation registers (AVARHR, BVARHR, and CVARHR registers) into line-cycle accumulation mode. 2 LVA 0 Setting this bit places the VA-hour accumulation registers (AVAHR, BVAHR, and CVAHR registers) into line-cycle accumulation mode. 3 to 5 ZXSEL 7 These bits select the phases used for counting the number of zero crossings in the line-cycle accumulation mode. Bit 3, Bit 4, and Bit 5 select Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C, respectively. More than one phase can be selected for the zero-crossing detection, and the accumulation time is shortened accordingly. 6 RSTREAD 1 Setting this bit enables the read-with-reset for all the WATTHR, VARHR, and VAHR registers for all three phases, that is, a read to those registers resets the registers to 0 after the content of the registers have been read. This bit should be set to Logic 0 when the LWATT, LVAR, or LVA bits are set to Logic 1. 7 FREQSEL 0 Setting this bit causes the FREQ (0x10) register to display the period, instead of the frequency of the line input. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 68 of 72 INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER (0x18) When an interrupt event occurs in the ADE7758, the IRQ logic output goes active low if the mask bit for this event is Logic 1 in the MASK register. The IRQ logic output is reset to its default collector open state when the RSTATUS register is read. describes the function of each bit in the interrupt mask register. Table 23 Table 23. Function of Each Bit in the Interrupt Mask Register Bit Location Interrupt Flag Default Value Description 0 AEHF 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a change in Bit 14 of any one of the three WATTHR registers, that is, the WATTHR register is half full. 1 REHF 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a change in Bit 14 of any one of the three VARHR registers, that is, the VARHR register is half full. 2 VAEHF 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a 0 to 1 transition in the MSB of any one of the three VAHR registers, that is, the VAHR register is half full. 3 SAGA 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a SAG on the line voltage of the Phase A. 4 SAGB 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a SAG on the line voltage of the Phase B. 5 SAGC 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a SAG on the line voltage of the Phase C. 6 ZXTOA 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a zero-crossing timeout detection on Phase A. 7 ZXTOB 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a zero-crossing timeout detection on Phase B. 8 ZXTOC 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a zero-crossing timeout detection on Phase C. 9 ZXA 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a zero crossing in the voltage channel of Phase A (see the Zero-Crossing Detection section). 10 ZXB 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a zero crossing in the voltage channel of Phase B (see the Zero-Crossing Detection section). 11 ZXC 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a zero crossing in the voltage channel of Phase C (see the Zero-Crossing Detection section). 12 LENERGY 0 Enables an interrupt when the energy accumulations over LINECYC are finished. 13 Reserved 0 Reserved. 14 PKV 0 Enables an interrupt when the voltage input selected in the MMODE register is above the value in the VPINTLVL register. 15 PKI 0 Enables an interrupt when the current input selected in the MMODE register is above the value in the IPINTLVL register. 16 WFSM 0 Enables an interrupt when data is present in the WAVEMODE register. 17 REVPAP 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a sign change in the watt calculation among any one of the phases specified by the TERMSEL bits in the COMPMODE register. 18 REVPRP 0 Enables an interrupt when there is a sign change in the VAR calculation among any one of the phases specified by the TERMSEL bits in the COMPMODE register. 19 SEQERR 0 Enables an interrupt when the zero crossing from Phase A is followed not by the zero crossing of Phase C but with that of Phase B. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 69 of 72 INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (0x19)/RESET INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (0x1A) The interrupt status register is used to determine the source of an interrupt event. When an interrupt event occurs in the ADE7758, the corresponding flag in the interrupt status register is set. The IRQ pin goes active low if the corresponding bit in the interrupt mask register is set. When the MCU services the interrupt, it must first carry out a read from the interrupt status register to determine the source of the interrupt. All the interrupts in the interrupt status register stay at their logic high state after an event occurs. The state of the interrupt bit in the interrupt status register is reset to its default value once the reset interrupt status register is read. Table 24. Interrupt Status Register Bit Location Interrupt Flag Default Value Event Description 0 AEHF 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a change in Bit 14 among any one of the three WATTHR registers, that is, the WATTHR register is half full. 1 REHF 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a change in Bit 14 among any one of the three VARHR registers, that is, the VARHR register is half full. 2 VAEHF 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a 0 to 1 transition in Bit 15 among any one of the three VAHR registers, that is, the VAHR register is half full. 3 SAGA 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a SAG on the line voltage of the Phase A. 4 SAGB 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a SAG on the line voltage of the Phase B. 5 SAGC 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a SAG on the line voltage of the Phase C. 6 ZXTOA 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a missing zero crossing on the line voltage of the Phase A. 7 ZXTOB 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a missing zero crossing on the line voltage of the Phase B. 8 ZXTOC 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a missing zero crossing on the line voltage of the Phase C. 9 ZXA 0 Indicates a detection of a rising edge zero crossing in the voltage channel of Phase A. 10 ZXB 0 Indicates a detection of a rising edge zero crossing in the voltage channel of Phase B. 11 ZXC 0 Indicates a detection of a rising edge zero crossing in the voltage channel of Phase C. 12 LENERGY 0 In line energy accumulation, indicates the end of an integration over an integer number of half-line cycles (LINECYC). See the Calibration section. 13 Reset 1 After Bit 6 (SWRST) in OPMODE register is set to 1, the ADE7758 enters software reset. This bit becomes 1 after 166 μsec, indicating the reset process has ended and the registers are set to their default values. It stays 1 until the reset interrupt status register is read and then becomes 0. 14 PKV 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused when the selected voltage input is above the value in the VPINTLVL register. 15 PKI 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused when the selected current input is above the value in the IPINTLVL register. 16 WFSM 0 Indicates that new data is present in the waveform register. 17 REVPAP 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a sign change in the watt calculation among any one of the phases specified by the TERMSEL bits in the COMPMODE register. 18 REVPRP 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a sign change in the VAR calculation among any one of the phases specified by the TERMSEL bits in the COMPMODE register. 19 SEQERR 0 Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a zero crossing from Phase A followed not by the zero crossing of Phase C but by that of Phase B. ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 70 of 72 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS COMPLIANTTOJEDECSTANDARDSMS-013-ADCONTROLLINGDIMENSIONSAREINMILLIMETERS;INCHDIMENSIONS(INPARENTHESES)AREROUNDED-OFFMILLIMETEREQUIVALENTSFORREFERENCEONLYANDARENOTAPPROPRIATEFORUSEINDESIGN.15.60(0.6142)15.20(0.5984)0.30(0.0118)0.10(0.0039)2.65(0.1043)2.35(0.0925)10.65(0.4193)10.00(0.3937)7.60(0.2992)7.40(0.2913)0.75(0.0295)0.25(0.0098)45°1.27(0.0500)0.40(0.0157)COPLANARITY0.100.33(0.0130)0.20(0.0079)0.51(0.0201)0.31(0.0122)SEATINGPLANE8°0°24131211.27(0.0500)BSC12-09-2010-A Figure 95. 24-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_W] Wide Body (RW-24) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) ORDERING GUIDE Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option ADE7758ARWZ −40°C to + 85°C 24-Lead Wide Body SOIC_W RW-24 ADE7758ARWZRL −40°C to + 85°C 24-Lead Wide Body SOIC_W RW-24 EVAL-ADE7758ZEB Evaluation Board 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Data Sheet ADE7758 Rev. E | Page 71 of 72 NOTES ADE7758 Data Sheet Rev. E | Page 72 of 72 NOTES ©2004–2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D04443-0-10/11(E) 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 GND TRIG OUT RESET VCC DISCH THRES CONT 3 2 1 20 19 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 18 17 16 15 14 NC DISCH NC THRES NC NC TRIG NC OUT NC NC GND NC CONT NC VCC NC NC RESET NC NC – No internal connection NA555...D OR P PACKAGE NE555...D, P, PS, OR PW PACKAGE SA555...D OR P PACKAGE SE555...D, JG, OR P PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) SE555...FK PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 PRECISION TIMERS Check for Samples: NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 1FEATURES • Timing From Microseconds to Hours • Adjustable Duty Cycle • Astable or Monostable Operation • TTL-Compatible Output Can Sink or Source up to 200 mA DESCRIPTION/ORDERING INFORMATION These devices are precision timing circuits capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation. In the time-delay or monostable mode of operation, the timed interval is controlled by a single external resistor and capacitor network. In the astable mode of operation, the frequency and duty cycle can be controlled independently with two external resistors and a single external capacitor. The threshold and trigger levels normally are two-thirds and one-third, respectively, of VCC. These levels can be altered by use of the control-voltage terminal. When the trigger input falls below the trigger level, the flip-flop is set, and the output goes high. If the trigger input is above the trigger level and the threshold input is above the threshold level, the flip-flop is reset and the output is low. The reset (RESET) input can override all other inputs and can be used to initiate a new timing cycle. When RESET goes low, the flip-flop is reset, and the output goes low. When the output is low, a low-impedance path is provided between discharge (DISCH) and ground. The output circuit is capable of sinking or sourcing current up to 200 mA. Operation is specified for supplies of 5 V to 15 V. With a 5-V supply, output levels are compatible with TTL inputs. 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, all parameters are necessarily include testing of all parameters. tested unless otherwise noted. On all other products, production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com ORDERING INFORMATION(1) T VTHRES MAX A V PACKAGE(2) ORDERABLE PART NUMBER TOP-SIDE MARKING CC = 15 V PDIP – P Tube of 50 NE555P NE555P Tube of 75 NE555D SOIC – D NE555 Reel of 2500 NE555DR 0°C to 70°C 11.2 V SOP – PS Reel of 2000 NE555PSR N555 Tube of 150 NE555PW TSSOP – PW N555 Reel of 2000 NE555PWR PDIP – P Tube of 50 SA555P SA555P –40°C to 85°C 11.2 V Tube of 75 SA555D SOIC – D SA555 Reel of 2000 SA555DR PDIP – P Tube of 50 NA555P NA555P –40°C to 105°C 11.2 V Tube of 75 NA555D SOIC – D NA555 Reel of 2000 NA555DR PDIP – P Tube of 50 SE555P SE555P Tube of 75 SE555D SOIC – D SE555D –55°C to 125°C 10.6 Reel of 2500 SE555DR CDIP – JG Tube of 50 SE555JG SE555JG LCCC – FK Tube of 55 SE555FK SE555FK (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. (2) Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging. Table 1. FUNCTION TABLE RESET TRIGGER THRESHOLD OUTPUT DISCHARGE VOLTAGE(1) VOLTAGE(1) SWITCH Low Irrelevant Irrelevant Low On High <1/3 VCC Irrelevant High Off High >1/3 VCC >2/3 VCC Low On High >1/3 VCC <2/3 VCC As previously established (1) Voltage levels shown are nominal. 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 1 S R R1 TRIG THRES VCC CONT RESET OUT DISCH GND ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ Î ÎÎÎ 8 4 5 6 2 1 7 3 NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM A. Pin numbers shown are for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. B. RESET can override TRIG, which can override THRES. Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT VCC Supply voltage(2) 18 V VI Input voltage CONT, RESET, THRES, TRIG VCC V IO Output current ±225 mA D package 97 P package 85 qJA Package thermal impedance(3) (4) °C/W PS package 95 PW package 149 FK package 5.61 qJC Package thermal impedance(5) (6) °C/W JG package 14.5 TJ Operating virtual junction temperature 150 °C Case temperature for 60 s FK package 260 °C Lead temperature 1, 6 mm (1/16 in) from case for 60 s JG package 300 °C Tstg Storage temperature range –65 150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (2) All voltage values are with respect to GND. (3) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), qJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) - TA)/qJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. (4) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. (5) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), qJC, and TC. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable case temperature is PD = (TJ(max) - TC)/qJC. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. (6) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with MIL-STD-883. Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT NA555, NE555, SA555 4.5 16 VCC Supply voltage V SE555 4.5 18 VI Input voltage CONT, RESET, THRES, and TRIG VCC V IO Output current ±200 mA NA555 –40 105 NE555 0 70 TA Operating free-air temperature °C SA555 –40 85 SE555 –55 125 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 Electrical Characteristics VCC = 5 V to 15 V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) NA555 SE555 NE555 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS SA555 UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX VCC = 15 V 9.4 10 10.6 8.8 10 11.2 THRES voltage level V VCC = 5 V 2.7 3.3 4 2.4 3.3 4.2 THRES current(1) 30 250 30 250 nA 4.8 5 5.2 4.5 5 5.6 VCC = 15 V TA = –55°C to 125°C 3 6 TRIG voltage level V 1.45 1.67 1.9 1.1 1.67 2.2 VCC = 5 V TA = –55°C to 125°C 1.9 TRIG current TRIG at 0 V 0.5 0.9 0.5 2 mA 0.3 0.7 1 0.3 0.7 1 RESET voltage level V TA = –55°C to 125°C 1.1 RESET at VCC 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 RESET current mA RESET at 0 V –0.4 –1 –0.4 –1.5 DISCH switch off-state 20 100 20 100 nA current 9.6 10 10.4 9 10 11 VCC = 15 V CONT voltage TA = –55°C to 125°C 9.6 10.4 (open circuit) V 2.9 3.3 3.8 2.6 3.3 4 VCC = 5 V TA = –55°C to 125°C 2.9 3.8 0.1 0.15 0.1 0.25 VCC = 15 V, IOL = 10 mA TA = –55°C to 125°C 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.75 VCC = 15 V, IOL = 50 mA TA = –55°C to 125°C 1 2 2.2 2 2.5 VCC = 15 V, IOL = 100 mA Low-level output voltage TA = –55°C to 125°C 2.7 V VCC = 15 V, IOL = 200 mA 2.5 2.5 VCC = 5 V, IOL = 3.5 mA TA = –55°C to 125°C 0.35 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.35 VCC = 5 V, IOL = 5 mA TA = –55°C to 125°C 0.8 VCC = 5 V, IOL = 8 mA 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.4 13 13.3 12.75 13.3 VCC = 15 V, IOL = –100 mA TA = –55°C to 125°C 12 High-level output voltage VCC = 15 V, IOH = –200 mA 12.5 12.5 V 3 3.3 2.75 3.3 VCC = 5 V, IOL = –100 mA TA = –55°C to 125°C 2 VCC = 15 V 10 12 10 15 Output low, No load VCC = 5 V 3 5 3 6 Supply current mA VCC = 15 V 9 10 9 13 Output high, No load VCC = 5 V 2 4 2 5 (1) This parameter influences the maximum value of the timing resistors RA and RB in the circuit of Figure 12. For example, when VCC = 5 V, the maximum value is R = RA + RB ≉ 3.4 MΩ, and for VCC = 15 V, the maximum value is 10 MΩ. Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 5 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Operating Characteristics VCC = 5 V to 15 V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) NA555 TEST SE555 NE555 PARAMETER CONDITIONS(1) SA555 UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX Initial error of timing Each timer, monostable(3) TA = 25°C 0.5 1.5(4) 1 3 interval(2) % Each timer, astable(5) 1.5 2.25 Temperature coefficient of Each timer, monostable(3) TA = MIN to MAX 30 100(4) 50 ppm/ timing interval Each timer, astable(5) 90 150 °C Supply-voltage sensitivity of Each timer, monostable(3) TA = 25°C 0.05 0.2(4) 0.1 0.5 timing interval %/V Each timer, astable(5) 0.15 0.3 Output-pulse rise time CL = 15 pF, 100 200(4) 100 300 ns TA = 25°C Output-pulse fall time CL = 15 pF, 100 200(4) 100 300 ns TA = 25°C (1) For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. (2) Timing interval error is defined as the difference between the measured value and the average value of a random sample from each process run. (3) Values specified are for a device in a monostable circuit similar to Figure 9, with the following component values: RA = 2 kΩ to 100 kΩ, C = 0.1 mF. (4) On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, this parameter is not production tested. (5) Values specified are for a device in an astable circuit similar to Figure 12, with the following component values: RA = 1 kΩ to 100 kΩ, C = 0.1 mF. 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = 125°C ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = 25°C IOL − Low-Level Output Current − mA ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ VCC = 5 V LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = −55°C 0.1 0.04 0.01 1 2 4 7 10 20 40 70 100 0.07 1 0.4 0.7 10 4 7 0.02 0.2 2 VOL − Low-Level Output Voltage − V ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ VCC = 10 V LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT VOL − Low-Level Output Voltage − V IOL − Low-Level Output Current − mA 0.1 0.04 0.01 1 2 4 7 10 20 40 70 100 0.07 1 0.4 0.7 10 4 7 0.02 0.2 2 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = 125°C ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = 25°C TA= −55°C TA = 125°C TA = 25°C TA = −55°C ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ VCC = 15 V LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT VOL − Low-Level Output Voltage − V IOL − Low-Level Output Current − mA 0.1 0.04 0.01 1 2 4 7 10 20 40 70 100 0.07 1 0.4 0.7 10 4 7 0.02 0.2 2 1 0.6 0.2 0 1.4 1.8 2.0 0.4 1.6 0.8 1.2 − IOH − High-Level Output Current − mA ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = 125°C ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = 25°C 1 2 4 7 10 20 40 70 100 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ VCC = 5 V to 15 V ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ TA = −55°C (VCC VOH) − Voltage Drop − V DROP BETWEEN SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND OUTPUT vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Data for temperatures below 0°C and above 70°C are applicable for SE555 circuits only. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 7 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 5 4 2 1 0 9 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 − Supply Current − mA 7 6 8 SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 10 12 13 14 15 TA = 25°C TA = 125°C TA = −55°C Output Low, No Load ICC VCC − Supply Voltage − V 1 0.995 0.990 0.985 0 5 10 1.005 1.010 NORMALIZED OUTPUT PULSE DURATION (MONOSTABLE OPERATION) vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.015 15 20 Pulse Duration Relative to Value at V C C = 10 V VCC − Supply Voltage − V 1 0.995 0.990 0.985 −75 −25 25 1.005 1.010 NORMALIZED OUTPUT PULSE DURATION (MONOSTABLE OPERATION) vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 1.015 75 125 TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C −50 0 50 100 VCC = 10 V Pulse Duration Relative to Value at TA = 25C 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Lowest Level of Trigger Pulse – ×VCC tPD – Propagation Delay Time – ns TA = 125°C TA = 70°C TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –55°C PROPAGATION DELAY TIME vs LOWEST VOLTAGE LEVEL OF TRIGGER PULSE NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Data for temperatures below 0°C and above 70°C are applicable for SE555 circuits only. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 VCC (5 V to 15 V) RA RL Output GND OUT CONT VCC RESET DISCH THRES Input TRIG ÎÎÎ 5 8 4 7 6 2 3 1 Pin numbers shown are for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 APPLICATION INFORMATION Monostable Operation For monostable operation, any of these timers can be connected as shown in Figure 9. If the output is low, application of a negative-going pulse to the trigger (TRIG) sets the flip-flop (Q goes low), drives the output high, and turns off Q1. Capacitor C then is charged through RA until the voltage across the capacitor reaches the threshold voltage of the threshold (THRES) input. If TRIG has returned to a high level, the output of the threshold comparator resets the flip-flop (Q goes high), drives the output low, and discharges C through Q1. Figure 9. Circuit for Monostable Operation Monostable operation is initiated when TRIG voltage falls below the trigger threshold. Once initiated, the sequence ends only if TRIG is high for at least 10 μs before the end of the timing interval. When the trigger is grounded, the comparator storage time can be as long as 10 μs, which limits the minimum monostable pulse width to 10 μs. Because of the threshold level and saturation voltage of Q1, the output pulse duration is approximately tw = 1.1RAC. Figure 11 is a plot of the time constant for various values of RA and C. The threshold levels and charge rates both are directly proportional to the supply voltage, VCC. The timing interval is, therefore, independent of the supply voltage, so long as the supply voltage is constant during the time interval. Applying a negative-going trigger pulse simultaneously to RESET and TRIG during the timing interval discharges C and reinitiates the cycle, commencing on the positive edge of the reset pulse. The output is held low as long as the reset pulse is low. To prevent false triggering, when RESET is not used, it should be connected to VCC. Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 9 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 − Output Pulse Duration − s C − Capacitance − mF 10 1 10−1 10−2 10−3 10−4 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 10−5 0.001 tw RA = 10 MW RA = 10 kW RA = 1 kW RA = 100 kW RA = 1 MW Voltage − 2 V/div Time − 0.1 ms/div ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Capacitor Voltage Output Voltage Input Voltage ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ RA = 9.1 kW CL = 0.01 mF RL = 1 kW See Figure 9 Voltage − 1 V/div Time − 0.5 ms/div tH Capacitor Voltage tL Output Voltage ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ RA = 5 k RL = 1 k RB = 3 k See Figure 12 C = 0.15 mF GND OUT CONT VCC RESET DISCH THRES TRIG C RB RA Output RL 0.01 mF VCC (5 V to 15 V) (see Note A) ÎÎÎ NOTE A: Decoupling CONT voltage to ground with a capacitor can improve operation. This should be evaluated for individual applications. Open 5 8 4 7 6 2 3 1 Pin numbers shown are for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Figure 10. Typical Monostable Waveforms Figure 11. Output Pulse Duration vs Capacitance Astable Operation As shown in Figure 12, adding a second resistor, RB, to the circuit of Figure 9 and connecting the trigger input to the threshold input causes the timer to self-trigger and run as a multivibrator. The capacitor C charges through RA and RB and then discharges through RB only. Therefore, the duty cycle is controlled by the values of RA and RB. This astable connection results in capacitor C charging and discharging between the threshold-voltage level (≉0.67 × VCC) and the trigger-voltage level (≉0.33 × VCC). As in the monostable circuit, charge and discharge times (and, therefore, the frequency and duty cycle) are independent of the supply voltage. Figure 12. Circuit for Astable Operation Figure 13. Typical Astable Waveforms 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 tH 0.693 (RARB) C tL 0.693 (RB) C Other useful relationships are shown below. period tHtL 0.693 (RA2RB) C frequency 1.44 (RA2RB) C Output driver duty cycle tL tHtL RB RA2RB Output waveform duty cycle tL tH RB RARB Low-to-high ratio tH tHtL 1– RB RA2RB f − Free-Running Frequency − Hz C − Capacitance − mF 100 k 10 k 1 k 100 10 1 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.1 0.001 RA + 2 RB = 10 MW RA + 2 RB = 1 MW RA + 2 RB = 100 kW RA + 2 RB = 10 kW RA + 2 RB = 1 kW Time − 0.1 ms/div Voltage − 2 V/div ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ VCC = 5 V RA = 1 kW C = 0.1 mF See Figure 15 Capacitor Voltage ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Output Voltage Input Voltage VCC (5 V to 15 V) DISCH OUT RESET VCC RL RA A5T3644 C THRES GND CONT TRIG Input 0.01 mF ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Output 4 8 3 7 6 2 5 1 Pin numbers shown are shown for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 Figure 12 shows typical waveforms generated during astable operation. The output high-level duration tH and low-level duration tL can be calculated as follows: Figure . Figure 14. Free-Running Frequency Missing-Pulse Detector The circuit shown in Figure 15 can be used to detect a missing pulse or abnormally long spacing between consecutive pulses in a train of pulses. The timing interval of the monostable circuit is retriggered continuously by the input pulse train as long as the pulse spacing is less than the timing interval. A longer pulse spacing, missing pulse, or terminated pulse train permits the timing interval to be completed, thereby generating an output pulse as shown in Figure 16. Figure 15. Circuit for Missing-Pulse Detector Figure 16. Completed Timing Waveforms for Missing-Pulse Detector Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 11 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 Voltage − 2 V/div Time − 0.1 ms/div Capacitor Voltage Output Voltage ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏInput Voltage VCC = 5 V RA = 1250 W C = 0.02 mF See Figure 9 NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Frequency Divider By adjusting the length of the timing cycle, the basic circuit of Figure 9 can be made to operate as a frequency divider. Figure 17 shows a divide-by-three circuit that makes use of the fact that retriggering cannot occur during the timing cycle. Figure 17. Divide-by-Three Circuit Waveforms 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 THRES GND C RL RA VCC (5 V to 15 V) Output DISCH OUT RESET VCC TRIG CONT Modulation Input (see Note A) Clock Input NOTE A: The modulating signal can be direct or capacitively coupled to CONT. For direct coupling, the effects of modulation source voltage and impedance on the bias of the timer should be considered. 4 8 3 7 6 2 5 Pin numbers shown are for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. 1 Voltage − 2 V/div Time − 0.5 ms/div ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Capacitor VoltageÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Output Voltage ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Clock Input Voltage ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ RA = 3 kW C = 0.02 mF RL = 1 kW See Figure 18 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Modulation Input Voltage NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 Pulse-Width Modulation The operation of the timer can be modified by modulating the internal threshold and trigger voltages, which is accomplished by applying an external voltage (or current) to CONT. Figure 18 shows a circuit for pulse-width modulation. A continuous input pulse train triggers the monostable circuit, and a control signal modulates the threshold voltage. Figure 19 shows the resulting output pulse-width modulation. While a sine-wave modulation signal is shown, any wave shape could be used. Figure 18. Circuit for Pulse-Width Modulation Figure 19. Pulse-Width-Modulation Waveforms Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 13 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 Voltage − 2 V/div ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ RA = 3 kW RB = 500 W RL = 1 kW See Figure 20 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Capacitor Voltage ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Output Voltage ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Modulation Input Voltage Time − 0.1 ms/div RB Modulation Input (see Note A) CONT TRIG RESET VCC OUT DISCH VCC (5 V to 15 V) RL RA C GND THRES NOTE A: The modulating signal can be direct or capacitively coupled to CONT. For direct coupling, the effects of modulation source voltage and impedance on the bias of the timer should be considered. Pin numbers shown are for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. 4 8 3 7 6 2 5 Output NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 www.ti.com Pulse-Position Modulation As shown in Figure 20, any of these timers can be used as a pulse-position modulator. This application modulates the threshold voltage and, thereby, the time delay, of a free-running oscillator. Figure 21 shows a triangular-wave modulation signal for such a circuit; however, any wave shape could be used. Figure 20. Circuit for Pulse-Position Modulation Figure 21. Pulse-Position-Modulation Waveforms 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 S VCC RESET VCC OUT DISCH GND CONT TRIG 4 8 3 7 6 1 5 2 THRES RC CC 0.01 CC = 14.7 mF RC = 100 kW Output C RESET VCC OUT DISCH GND CONT TRIG 4 8 3 7 6 1 5 2 THRES RB 33 kW 0.001 0.01 mF CB = 4.7 mF RB = 100 kW RA = 100 kW Output A Output B CA = 10 mF mF 0.01 mF 0.001 RA 33 kW THRES 2 5 1 6 7 3 4 8 TRIG CONT GND DISCH OUT RESET VCC mF mF CA CB Pin numbers shown are for the D, JG, P, PS, and PW packages. NOTE A: S closes momentarily at t = 0. Voltage − 5 V/div t − Time − 1 s/div ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ See Figure 22 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Output A ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Output B ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Output C ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ t = 0 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ twC = 1.1 RCCC ÏÏÏÏÏÏ twC ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ twB = 1.1 RBCB ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ twA = 1.1 RACA ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ twA ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ twB NA555, NE555, SA555, SE555 www.ti.com SLFS022H –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED JUNE 2010 Sequential Timer Many applications, such as computers, require signals for initializing conditions during start-up. Other applications, such as test equipment, require activation of test signals in sequence. These timing circuits can be connected to provide such sequential control. The timers can be used in various combinations of astable or monostable circuit connections, with or without modulation, for extremely flexible waveform control. Figure 22 shows a sequencer circuit with possible applications in many systems, and Figure 23 shows the output waveforms. Figure 22. Sequential Timer Circuit Figure 23. Sequential Timer Waveforms Copyright © 1973–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 15 Product Folder Link(s): NA555 NE555 SA555 SE555 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-May-2014 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples JM38510/10901BPA ACTIVE CDIP JG 8 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 JM38510 /10901BPA M38510/10901BPA ACTIVE CDIP JG 8 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 JM38510 /10901BPA NA555D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 105 NA555 NA555DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 105 NA555 NA555DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 105 NA555 NA555DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 105 NA555 NA555P ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 105 NA555P NA555PE4 ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 105 NA555P NE555D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555DE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU | CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555DRE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555DRG3 PREVIEW SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555 NE555P ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU | CU SN N / A for Pkg Type 0 to 70 NE555P NE555PE3 PREVIEW PDIP P 8 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 NE555P PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-May-2014 Addendum-Page 2 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples NE555PE4 ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type 0 to 70 NE555P NE555PSLE OBSOLETE SO PS 8 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 NE555PSR ACTIVE SO PS 8 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PSRE4 ACTIVE SO PS 8 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PSRG4 ACTIVE SO PS 8 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 8 150 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PWE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 8 150 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 8 150 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 8 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 8 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555PWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 8 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 N555 NE555Y OBSOLETE 0 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 SA555D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 SA555 SA555DE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 SA555 SA555DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 SA555 SA555DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU | CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 SA555 SA555DRE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 SA555 SA555DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 SA555 SA555P ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 SA555P PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-May-2014 Addendum-Page 3 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples SA555PE4 ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 SA555P SE555D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -55 to 125 SE555 SE555DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -55 to 125 SE555 SE555DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -55 to 125 SE555 SE555DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -55 to 125 SE555 SE555FKB ACTIVE LCCC FK 20 1 TBD POST-PLATE N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 SE555FKB SE555JG ACTIVE CDIP JG 8 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 SE555JG SE555JGB ACTIVE CDIP JG 8 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 SE555JGB SE555N OBSOLETE PDIP N 8 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125 SE555P ACTIVE PDIP P 8 50 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 SE555P (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-May-2014 Addendum-Page 4 (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF SE555, SE555M : • Catalog: SE555 • Military: SE555M • Space: SE555-SP, SE555-SP NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: • Catalog - TI's standard catalog product • Military - QML certified for Military and Defense Applications • Space - Radiation tolerant, ceramic packaging and qualified for use in Space-based application TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant NA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 NA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 NE555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.8 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 NE555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 NE555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 NE555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 NE555PSR SO PS 8 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 6.6 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 NE555PWR TSSOP PW 8 2000 330.0 12.4 7.0 3.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 SA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 SA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.8 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 SA555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 SE555DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 SE555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 15-Oct-2013 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) NA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6 NA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 NE555DR SOIC D 8 2500 364.0 364.0 27.0 NE555DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6 NE555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6 NE555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 NE555PSR SO PS 8 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 NE555PWR TSSOP PW 8 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 SA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6 SA555DR SOIC D 8 2500 364.0 364.0 27.0 SA555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6 SE555DR SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 SE555DRG4 SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 15-Oct-2013 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA MCER001A – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED JANUARY 1997 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 JG (R-GDIP-T8) CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE 0.310 (7,87) 0.290 (7,37) 0.014 (0,36) 0.008 (0,20) Seating Plane 4040107/C 08/96 5 4 0.065 (1,65) 0.045 (1,14) 8 1 0.020 (0,51) MIN 0.400 (10,16) 0.355 (9,00) 0.015 (0,38) 0.023 (0,58) 0.063 (1,60) 0.015 (0,38) 0.200 (5,08) MAX 0.130 (3,30) MIN 0.245 (6,22) 0.280 (7,11) 0.100 (2,54) 0°–15° NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters). B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a ceramic lid using glass frit. D. Index point is provided on cap for terminal identification. E. Falls within MIL STD 1835 GDIP1-T8 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products (also referred to herein as “components”) are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. 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Products Applications Audio www.ti.com/audio Automotive and Transportation www.ti.com/automotive Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers DLP® Products www.dlp.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps DSP dsp.ti.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Industrial www.ti.com/industrial Interface interface.ti.com Medical www.ti.com/medical Logic logic.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Power Mgmt power.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video RFID www.ti-rfid.com OMAP Applications Processors www.ti.com/omap TI E2E Community e2e.ti.com Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated CC1100 SWRS038D Page 1 of 92 CC1100 Low-Power Sub- 1 GHz RF Transceiver Applications • Ultra low-power wireless applications operating in the 315/433/868/915 MHz ISM/SRD bands • Wireless alarm and security systems • Industrial monitoring and control • Wireless sensor networks • AMR – Automatic Meter Reading • Home and building automation Product Description The CC1100 is a low-cost sub- 1 GHz transceiver designed for very low-power wireless applications. The circuit is mainly intended for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and SRD (Short Range Device) frequency bands at 315, 433, 868, and 915 MHz, but can easily be programmed for operation at other frequencies in the 300-348 MHz, 400-464 MHz and 800-928 MHz bands. The RF transceiver is integrated with a highly configurable baseband modem. The modem supports various modulation formats and has a configurable data up to 500 kBaud. CC1100 provides extensive hardware support for packet handling, data buffering, burst transmissions, clear channel assessment, link quality indication, and wake-on-radio. The main operating parameters and the 64- byte transmit/receive FIFOs of CC1100 can be controlled via an SPI interface. In a typical system, the CC1100 will be used together with a microcontroller and a few additional passive components. 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5 15 14 13 12 11 CC1100 This product shall not be used in any of the following products or systems without prior express written permission from Texas Instruments: (i) implantable cardiac rhythm management systems, including without limitation pacemakers, defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization devices, (ii) external cardiac rhythm management systems that communicate directly with one or more implantable medical devices; or (iii) other devices used to monitor or treat cardiac function, including without limitation pressure sensors, biochemical sensors and neurostimulators. Please contact lpw-medical-approval@list.ti.com if your application might fall within the category described above. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 2 of 92 Key Features RF Performance • High sensitivity (–111 dBm at 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz, 1% packet error rate) • Low current consumption (14.4 mA in RX, 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz) • Programmable output power up to +10 dBm for all supported frequencies • Excellent receiver selectivity and blocking performance • Programmable data rate from 1.2 to 500 kBaud • Frequency bands: 300-348 MHz, 400-464 MHz and 800-928 MHz Analog Features • 2-FSK, GFSK, and MSK supported as well as OOK and flexible ASK shaping • Suitable for frequency hopping systems due to a fast settling frequency synthesizer: 90us settling time • Automatic Frequency Compensation (AFC) can be used to align the frequency synthesizer to the received centre frequency • Integrated analog temperature sensor Digital Features • Flexible support for packet oriented systems: On-chip support for sync word detection, address check, flexible packet length, and automatic CRC handling • Efficient SPI interface: All registers can be programmed with one “burst” transfer • Digital RSSI output • Programmable channel filter bandwidth • Programmable Carrier Sense (CS) indicator • Programmable Preamble Quality Indicator (PQI) for improved protection against false sync word detection in random noise • Support for automatic Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before transmitting (for listen-before-talk systems) • Support for per-package Link Quality Indication (LQI) • Optional automatic whitening and dewhitening of data Low-Power Features • 400nA SLEEP mode current consumption • Fast startup time: 240us from sleep to RX or TX mode (measured on EM reference design [5] and [6]) • Wake-on-radio functionality for automatic low-power RX polling • Separate 64-byte RX and TX data FIFOs (enables burst mode data transmission) General • Few external components: Completely onchip frequency synthesizer, no external filters or RF switch needed • Green package: RoHS compliant and no antimony or bromine • Small size (QLP 4x4 mm package, 20 pins) • Suited for systems targeting compliance with EN 300 220 (Europe) and FCC CFR Part 15 (US). • Support for asynchronous and synchronous serial receive/transmit mode for backwards compatibility with existing radio communication protocols CC1100 SWRS038D Page 3 of 92 Abbreviations Abbreviations used in this data sheet are described below. ACP Adjacent Channel Power MSK Minimum Shift Keying ADC Analog to Digital Converter N/A Not Applicable AFC Automatic Frequency Compensation NRZ Non Return to Zero (Coding) AGC Automatic Gain Control OOK On-Off Keying AMR Automatic Meter Reading PA Power Amplifier ASK Amplitude Shift Keying PCB Printed Circuit Board BER Bit Error Rate PD Power Down BT Bandwidth-Time product PER Packet Error Rate CCA Clear Channel Assessment PLL Phase Locked Loop CFR Code of Federal Regulations POR Power-On Reset CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check PQI Preamble Quality Indicator CS Carrier Sense PQT Preamble Quality Threshold CW Continuous Wave (Unmodulated Carrier) PTAT Proportional To Absolute Temperature DC Direct Current QLP Quad Leadless Package DVGA Digital Variable Gain Amplifier QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying ESR Equivalent Series Resistance RC Resistor-Capacitor FCC Federal Communications Commission RF Radio Frequency FEC Forward Error Correction RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator FIFO First-In-First-Out RX Receive, Receive Mode FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum SAW Surface Aqustic Wave 2-FSK Binary Frequency Shift Keying SMD Surface Mount Device GFSK Gaussian shaped Frequency Shift Keying SNR Signal to Noise Ratio IF Intermediate Frequency SPI Serial Peripheral Interface I/Q In-Phase/Quadrature SRD Short Range Devices ISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical TBD To Be Defined LC Inductor-Capacitor T/R Transmit/Receive LNA Low Noise Amplifier TX Transmit, Transmit Mode LO Local Oscillator UHF Ultra High frequency LSB Least Significant Bit VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator LQI Link Quality Indicator WOR Wake on Radio, Low power polling MCU Microcontroller Unit XOSC Crystal Oscillator MSB Most Significant Bit XTAL Crystal CC1100 SWRS038D Page 4 of 92 Table Of Contents APPLICATIONS..................................................................................................................................................1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................1 KEY FEATURES .................................................................................................................................................2 RF PERFORMANCE ..........................................................................................................................................2 ANALOG FEATURES ........................................................................................................................................2 DIGITAL FEATURES.........................................................................................................................................2 LOW-POWER FEATURES................................................................................................................................2 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................................2 ABBREVIATIONS...............................................................................................................................................3 TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................................................................4 1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS.....................................................................................................7 2 OPERATING CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................7 3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS.........................................................................................................7 4 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................8 4.1 CURRENT CONSUMPTION ............................................................................................................................8 4.2 RF RECEIVE SECTION..................................................................................................................................9 4.3 RF TRANSMIT SECTION .............................................................................................................................13 4.4 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR..............................................................................................................................14 4.5 LOW POWER RC OSCILLATOR...................................................................................................................15 4.6 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................................15 4.7 ANALOG TEMPERATURE SENSOR ..............................................................................................................16 4.8 DC CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................................................16 4.9 POWER-ON RESET .....................................................................................................................................16 5 PIN CONFIGURATION........................................................................................................................17 6 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................18 7 APPLICATION CIRCUIT....................................................................................................................19 8 CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW........................................................................................................22 9 CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE........................................................................................................24 10 4-WIRE SERIAL CONFIGURATION AND DATA INTERFACE..................................................24 10.1 CHIP STATUS BYTE ...................................................................................................................................26 10.2 REGISTER ACCESS.....................................................................................................................................26 10.3 SPI READ ..................................................................................................................................................27 10.4 COMMAND STROBES .................................................................................................................................27 10.5 FIFO ACCESS ............................................................................................................................................27 10.6 PATABLE ACCESS...................................................................................................................................28 11 MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACE AND PIN CONFIGURATION ..........................................28 11.1 CONFIGURATION INTERFACE.....................................................................................................................28 11.2 GENERAL CONTROL AND STATUS PINS .....................................................................................................28 11.3 OPTIONAL RADIO CONTROL FEATURE ......................................................................................................29 12 DATA RATE PROGRAMMING..........................................................................................................29 13 RECEIVER CHANNEL FILTER BANDWIDTH..............................................................................30 14 DEMODULATOR, SYMBOL SYNCHRONIZER, AND DATA DECISION..................................30 14.1 FREQUENCY OFFSET COMPENSATION........................................................................................................30 14.2 BIT SYNCHRONIZATION.............................................................................................................................30 14.3 BYTE SYNCHRONIZATION..........................................................................................................................31 15 PACKET HANDLING HARDWARE SUPPORT..............................................................................31 15.1 DATA WHITENING.....................................................................................................................................31 15.2 PACKET FORMAT.......................................................................................................................................32 15.3 PACKET FILTERING IN RECEIVE MODE......................................................................................................34 15.4 PACKET HANDLING IN TRANSMIT MODE...................................................................................................34 15.5 PACKET HANDLING IN RECEIVE MODE .....................................................................................................35 CC1100 SWRS038D Page 5 of 92 15.6 PACKET HANDLING IN FIRMWARE.............................................................................................................35 16 MODULATION FORMATS.................................................................................................................36 16.1 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING.......................................................................................................................36 16.2 MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING...........................................................................................................................36 16.3 AMPLITUDE MODULATION ........................................................................................................................36 17 RECEIVED SIGNAL QUALIFIERS AND LINK QUALITY INFORMATION ............................37 17.1 SYNC WORD QUALIFIER............................................................................................................................37 17.2 PREAMBLE QUALITY THRESHOLD (PQT) ..................................................................................................37 17.3 RSSI..........................................................................................................................................................37 17.4 CARRIER SENSE (CS).................................................................................................................................39 17.5 CLEAR CHANNEL ASSESSMENT (CCA) .....................................................................................................40 17.6 LINK QUALITY INDICATOR (LQI)..............................................................................................................40 18 FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION WITH INTERLEAVING.....................................................40 18.1 FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC)......................................................................................................40 18.2 INTERLEAVING ..........................................................................................................................................41 19 RADIO CONTROL................................................................................................................................42 19.1 POWER-ON START-UP SEQUENCE.............................................................................................................42 19.2 CRYSTAL CONTROL...................................................................................................................................43 19.3 VOLTAGE REGULATOR CONTROL..............................................................................................................43 19.4 ACTIVE MODES .........................................................................................................................................44 19.5 WAKE ON RADIO (WOR)..........................................................................................................................44 19.6 TIMING ......................................................................................................................................................45 19.7 RX TERMINATION TIMER ..........................................................................................................................46 20 DATA FIFO ............................................................................................................................................46 21 FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING........................................................................................................48 22 VCO.........................................................................................................................................................48 22.1 VCO AND PLL SELF-CALIBRATION ..........................................................................................................48 23 VOLTAGE REGULATORS .................................................................................................................49 24 OUTPUT POWER PROGRAMMING ................................................................................................49 25 SHAPING AND PA RAMPING............................................................................................................50 26 SELECTIVITY.......................................................................................................................................52 27 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR....................................................................................................................53 27.1 REFERENCE SIGNAL ..................................................................................................................................54 28 EXTERNAL RF MATCH .....................................................................................................................54 29 PCB LAYOUT RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................54 30 GENERAL PURPOSE / TEST OUTPUT CONTROL PINS.............................................................55 31 ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION..............................................57 31.1 ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION....................................................................................................................57 31.2 SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION ..........................................................................................................57 32 SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS AND GUIDELINES.........................................................................57 32.1 SRD REGULATIONS...................................................................................................................................57 32.2 FREQUENCY HOPPING AND MULTI-CHANNEL SYSTEMS............................................................................58 32.3 WIDEBAND MODULATION NOT USING SPREAD SPECTRUM .......................................................................58 32.4 DATA BURST TRANSMISSIONS...................................................................................................................58 32.5 CONTINUOUS TRANSMISSIONS ..................................................................................................................59 32.6 CRYSTAL DRIFT COMPENSATION ..............................................................................................................59 32.7 SPECTRUM EFFICIENT MODULATION.........................................................................................................59 32.8 LOW COST SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................................59 32.9 BATTERY OPERATED SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................59 32.10 INCREASING OUTPUT POWER ................................................................................................................59 33 CONFIGURATION REGISTERS........................................................................................................60 33.1 CONFIGURATION REGISTER DETAILS – REGISTERS WITH PRESERVED VALUES IN SLEEP STATE...............64 33.2 CONFIGURATION REGISTER DETAILS – REGISTERS THAT LOSE PROGRAMMING IN SLEEP STATE............84 33.3 STATUS REGISTER DETAILS.......................................................................................................................85 CC1100 SWRS038D Page 6 of 92 34 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION (QLP 20).................................................................................................88 34.1 RECOMMENDED PCB LAYOUT FOR PACKAGE (QLP 20) ...........................................................................88 34.2 SOLDERING INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................88 35 ORDERING INFORMATION..............................................................................................................89 36 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................90 37 GENERAL INFORMATION................................................................................................................91 37.1 DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................................................................................................................91 CC1100 SWRS038D Page 7 of 92 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Under no circumstances must the absolute maximum ratings given in Table 1 be violated. Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. Caution! ESD sensitive device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent permanent damage. Parameter Min Max Units Condition Supply voltage –0.3 3.9 V All supply pins must have the same voltage Voltage on any digital pin –0.3 VDD+0.3 max 3.9 V Voltage on the pins RF_P, RF_N, and DCOUPL –0.3 2.0 V Voltage ramp-up rate 120 kV/μs Input RF level +10 dBm Storage temperature range –50 150 °C Solder reflow temperature 260 °C According to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C ESD <500 V According to JEDEC STD 22, method A114, Human Body Model Table 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings 2 Operating Conditions The operating conditions for CC1100 are listed Table 2 in below. Parameter Min Max Unit Condition Operating temperature -40 85 °C Operating supply voltage 1.8 3.6 V All supply pins must have the same voltage Table 2: Operating Conditions 3 General Characteristics Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Frequency range 300 348 MHz 400 464 MHz 800 928 MHz Data rate 1.2 1.2 26 500 250 500 kBaud kBaud kBaud 2-FSK GFSK, OOK, and ASK (Shaped) MSK (also known as differential offset QPSK) Optional Manchester encoding (the data rate in kbps will be half the baud rate) Table 3: General Characteristics CC1100 SWRS038D Page 8 of 92 4 Electrical Specifications 4.1 Current Consumption Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0V if nothing else stated. All measurement results are obtained using the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). Reduced current settings (MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1) gives a slightly lower current consumption at the cost of a reduction in sensitivity. See Table 5 for additional details on current consumption and sensitivity. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition 400 nA Voltage regulator to digital part off, register values retained (SLEEP state). All GDO pins programmed to 0x2F (HW to 0) 900 nA Voltage regulator to digital part off, register values retained, lowpower RC oscillator running (SLEEP state with WOR enabled 95 μA Voltage regulator to digital part off, register values retained, XOSC running (SLEEP state with MCSM0.OSC_FORCE_ON set) Current consumption in power down modes 160 μA Voltage regulator to digital part on, all other modules in power down (XOFF state) 9.8 μA Automatic RX polling once each second, using low-power RC oscillator, with 460 kHz filter bandwidth and 250 kBaud data rate, PLL calibration every 4th wakeup. Average current with signal in channel below carrier sense level (MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI=1). 34.2 μA Same as above, but with signal in channel above carrier sense level, 1.95 ms RX timeout, and no preamble/sync word found. 1.5 μA Automatic RX polling every 15th second, using low-power RC oscillator, with 460kHz filter bandwidth and 250 kBaud data rate, PLL calibration every 4th wakeup. Average current with signal in channel below carrier sense level (MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI=1). 39.3 μA Same as above, but with signal in channel above carrier sense level, 29.3 ms RX timeout, and no preamble/sync word found. 1.6 mA Only voltage regulator to digital part and crystal oscillator running (IDLE state) Current consumption 8.2 mA Only the frequency synthesizer is running (FSTXON state). This currents consumption is also representative for the other intermediate states when going from IDLE to RX or TX, including the calibration state. 15.1 mA Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 13.9 mA Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 14.9 mA Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 14.1 mA Receive mode,38.4 kBaud, reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 15.9 mA Receive mode, 250 kBaud, reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 14.5 mA Receive mode, 250 kBaud, reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 27.0 mA Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power 14.8 mA Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power Current consumption, 315MHz 12.3 mA Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power CC1100 SWRS038D Page 9 of 92 Table 4: Electrical Specifications 4.2 RF Receive Section Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0V if nothing else stated. All measurement results are obtained using the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Digital channel filter bandwidth 58 812 kHz User programmable. The bandwidth limits are proportional to crystal frequency (given values assume a 26.0 MHz crystal). 315 MHz, 1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 5.2 kHz deviation, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity -111 dBm Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption is then reduced from 17.1 mA to 15.1 mA at sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -109 dBm 315 MHz, 500 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1 cannot be used for data rates > 250 kBaud) (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 812 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) -88 dBm Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition 15.5 mA Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud , reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 14.5 mA Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud , reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 15.4 mA Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud , reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 14.4 mA Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud , reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 16.5 mA Receive mode, 250 kBaud , reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 15.2 mA Receive mode, 250 kBaud , reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 28.9 mA Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power 15.5 mA Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power Current consumption, 433MHz 13.1 mA Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power 15.4 mA Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud , reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 14.4 mA Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud , reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 15.2 mA Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud , reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 14.4 mA Receive mode,38.4 kBaud , reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 16.4 mA Receive mode, 250 kBaud , reduced current, input at sensitivity limit 15.1 mA Receive mode, 250 kBaud , reduced current, input well above sensitivity limit 31.1 mA Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power 16.9 mA Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power Current consumption, 868/915MHz 13.5 mA Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power CC1100 SWRS038D Page 10 of 92 Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note 433 MHz, 1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 5.2 kHz deviation, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth Receiver sensitivity –110 dBm Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption is then reduced from 17.4 mA to 15.5 mA at sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -108 dBm 433 MHz, 38.4 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 20 kHz deviation, 100 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –103 dBm 433 MHz, 250 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 540 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –94 dBm 433 MHz, 500 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1 cannot be used for data rates > 250 kBaud) (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 812 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –88 dBm 868 MHz, 1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 5.2 kHz deviation, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –111 dBm Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption is then reduced from 17.7 mA to 15.4 mA at sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -109 dBm Saturation –15 dBm Adjacent channel rejection 33 dB Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 100 kHz channel spacing Alternate channel rejection 33 dB Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 100 kHz channel spacing See Figure 25 for plot of selectivity versus frequency offset Image channel rejection, 868MHz 30 dB IF frequency 152 kHz Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 868 MHz, 38.4 kBaud data rate (2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 20 kHz deviation, 100 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –103 dBm Saturation –16 dBm Adjacent channel rejection 20 dB Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 200 kHz channel spacing Alternate channel rejection 28 dB Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 200 kHz channel spacing See Figure 26 for plot of selectivity versus frequency offset Image channel rejection, 868MHz 23 dB IF frequency 152 kHz Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 11 of 92 Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note 868 MHz, 250 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 540 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –93 dBm Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption is then reduced from 18.8 mA to 16.4 mA at sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -91 dBm Saturation –16 dBm Adjacent channel rejection 24 dB Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 750 kHz channel spacing Alternate channel rejection 37 dB Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 750 kHz channel spacing See Figure 27 for plot of selectivity versus frequency offset Image channel rejection, 868MHz 14 dB IF frequency 254 kHz Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit. 868 MHz, 500 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1 cannot be used for data rates > 250 kBaud ) (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 812 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –88 dBm 868 MHz, 250 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (OOK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 540 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity -86 dBm 915 MHz, 1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (2-FSK, 5.2kHz deviation, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –111 dBm Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption is then reduced from 17.7 mA to 15.4 mA at sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -109 dBm 915 MHz, 38.4 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 20 kHz deviation, 100 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –104 dBm 915 MHz, 250 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 540 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –93 dBm Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption is then reduced from 18.8 mA to 16.4 mA at sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -92 dBm 915 MHz, 500 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0 (MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1 cannot be used for data rates > 250 kBaud ) (MSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 812 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth) Receiver sensitivity –87 dBm CC1100 SWRS038D Page 12 of 92 Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Blocking Blocking at ±2 MHz offset, 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz -53 dBm Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit. Compliant with ETSI EN 300 220 class 2 receiver requirement. Blocking at ±2 MHz offset, 500 kBaud, 868 MHz -51 dBm Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit. Compliant with ETSI EN 300 220 class 2 receiver requirement. Blocking at ±10 MHz offset, 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz -43 dBm Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit. Compliant with ETSI EN 300 220 class 2 receiver requirement. Blocking at ±10 MHz offset, 500 kBaud, 868 MHz -43 dBm Desired channel 3dB above the sensitivity limit. Compliant with ETSI EN 300 220 class 2 receiver requirement. General Spurious emissions -68 -66 –57 –47 dBm dBm 25 MHz – 1 GHz (Maximum figure is the ETSI EN 300 220 limit) Above 1 GHz (Maximum figure is the ETSI EN 300 220 limit) RX latency 9 bit Serial operation. Time from start of reception until data is available on the receiver data output pin is equal to 9 bit. Table 5: RF Receive Section CC1100 SWRS038D Page 13 of 92 4.3 RF Transmit Section Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0V, +10dBm if nothing else stated. All measurement results are obtained using the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Differential load impedance 315 MHz 433 MHz 868/915 MHz 122 + j31 116 + j41 86.5 + j43 Ω Differential impedance as seen from the RF-port (RF_P and RF_N) towards the antenna. Follow the CC1100EM reference design ([5] and [6]) available from theTI website. Output power, highest setting +10 dBm Output power is programmable, and full range is available in all frequency bands (Output power may be restricted by regulatory limits. See also Application Note AN039 [3]. Delivered to a 50Ω single-ended load via CC1100EM reference design ([5] and [6]) RF matching network. Output power, lowest setting -30 dBm Output power is programmable, and full range is available in all frequency bands. Delivered to a 50Ω single-ended load via CC1100EM reference design([5] and [6]) RF matching network. Harmonics, radiated 2nd Harm, 433 MHz 3rd Harm, 433 MHz 2nd Harm, 868 MHz 3rd Harm, 868 MHz -50 -40 -34 -45 dBm Measured on CC1100EM reference designs([5] and [6]) with CW, 10 dBm output power The antennas used during the radiated measurements (SMAFF- 433 from R.W.Badland and Nearson S331 868/915) plays a part in attenuating the harmonics Harmonics, conducted 315 MHz 433 MHz 868 MHz 915 MHz < -33 < -38 < -51 < -34 < -32 < -30 dBm Measured with 10 dBm CW, TX frequency at 315.00 MHz, 433.00 MHz, 868.00 MHz, or 915.00 MHz Frequencies below 960 MHz Frequencies above 960 MHz Frequencies below 1 GHz Frequencies above 1 GHz CC1100 SWRS038D Page 14 of 92 Spurious emissions, conducted Harmonics not included 315 MHz 433 MHz 868 MHz 915 MHz < -58 < -53 < -50 < -54 < -56 < -50 < -51 < -53 < -51 < -51 dBm Measured with 10 dBm CW, TX frequency at 315.00 MHz, 433.00 MHz, 868.00 MHz or 915.00 MHz Frequencies below 960 MHz Frequencies above 960 MHz Frequencies below 1 GHz Frequencies above 1 GHz Frequencies within 47-74, 87.5-118, 174-230, 470-862 MHz Frequencies below 1 GHz Frequencies above 1 GHz Frequencies within 47-74, 87.5-118, 174-230, 470-862 MHz. The peak conducted spurious emission is -53dBm @ 699 MHz, which is in an EN300220 restricted band limited to -54dBm. All radiated spurious emissions are within the limits of ETSI. Frequencies below 960 MHz Frequencies above 960 MHz General TX latency 8 bit Serial operation. Time from sampling the data on the transmitter data input DIO pin until it is observed on the RF output ports. Table 6: RF Transmit Section 4.4 Crystal Oscillator Tc = 25°C @ VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else is stated. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Crystal frequency 26 26 27 MHz Tolerance ±40 ppm This is the total tolerance including a) initial tolerance, b) crystal loading, c) aging, and d) temperature dependence. The acceptable crystal tolerance depends on RF frequency and channel spacing / bandwidth. ESR 100 Ω Start-up time 150 μs Measured on the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]) using crystal AT-41CD2 from NDK. This parameter is to a large degree crystal dependent. Table 7: Crystal Oscillator Parameters CC1100 SWRS038D Page 15 of 92 4.5 Low Power RC Oscillator Tc = 25°C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else is stated. All measurement results obtained using the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Calibrated frequency 34.7 34.7 36 kHz Calibrated RC Oscillator frequency is XTAL frequency divided by 750 Frequency accuracy after calibration ±1 % Temperature coefficient +0.5 % / °C Frequency drift when temperature changes after calibration Supply voltage coefficient +3 % / V Frequency drift when supply voltage changes after calibration Initial calibration time 2 ms When the RC Oscillator is enabled, calibration is continuously done in the background as long as the crystal oscillator is running. Table 8: RC Oscillator Parameters 4.6 Frequency Synthesizer Characteristics Tc = 25°C @ VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else is stated. All measurement results are obtained using the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). Min figures are given using a 27 MHz crystal. Typ and max are given using a 26 MHz crystal. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Programmed frequency resolution 397 FXOSC/ 216 412 Hz 26-27 MHz crystal. The resolution (in Hz) is equal for all frequency bands. Synthesizer frequency tolerance ±40 ppm Given by crystal used. Required accuracy (including temperature and aging) depends on frequency band and channel bandwidth / spacing. RF carrier phase noise –89 dBc/Hz @ 50 kHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –89 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –90 dBc/Hz @ 200 kHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –98 dBc/Hz @ 500 kHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –107 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –113 dBc/Hz @ 2 MHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –119 dBc/Hz @ 5 MHz offset from carrier RF carrier phase noise –129 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz offset from carrier PLL turn-on / hop time 85.1 88.4 88.4 μs Time from leaving the IDLE state until arriving in the RX, FSTXON or TX state, when not performing calibration. Crystal oscillator running. PLL RX/TX settling time 9.3 9.6 9.6 μs Settling time for the 1·IF frequency step from RX to TX PLL TX/RX settling time 20.7 21.5 21.5 μs Settling time for the 1·IF frequency step from TX to RX PLL calibration time 694 721 721 μs Calibration can be initiated manually or automatically before entering or after leaving RX/TX. Table 9: Frequency Synthesizer Parameters CC1100 SWRS038D Page 16 of 92 4.7 Analog Temperature Sensor The characteristics of the analog temperature sensor at 3.0 V supply voltage are listed in Table 10 below. Note that it is necessary to write 0xBF to the PTEST register to use the analog temperature sensor in the IDLE state. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Output voltage at –40°C 0.651 V Output voltage at 0°C 0.747 V Output voltage at +40°C 0.847 V Output voltage at +80°C 0.945 V Temperature coefficient 2.45 mV/°C Fitted from –20 °C to +80 °C Error in calculated temperature, calibrated -2 * 0 2 * °C From –20 °C to +80 °C when using 2.45 mV / °C, after 1-point calibration at room temperature * The indicated minimum and maximum error with 1- point calibration is based on simulated values for typical process parameters Current consumption increase when enabled 0.3 mA Table 10: Analog Temperature Sensor Parameters 4.8 DC Characteristics Tc = 25°C if nothing else stated. Digital Inputs/Outputs Min Max Unit Condition Logic "0" input voltage 0 0.7 V Logic "1" input voltage VDD-0.7 VDD V Logic "0" output voltage 0 0.5 V For up to 4 mA output current Logic "1" output voltage VDD-0.3 VDD V For up to 4 mA output current Logic "0" input current N/A –50 nA Input equals 0V Logic "1" input current N/A 50 nA Input equals VDD Table 11: DC Characteristics 4.9 Power-On Reset When the power supply complies with the requirements in Table 12 below, proper Power-On-Reset functionality is guaranteed. Otherwise, the chip should be assumed to have unknown state until transmitting an SRES strobe over the SPI interface. See Section 19.1 on page 42 for further details. Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Condition/Note Power-up ramp-up time. 5 ms From 0V until reaching 1.8V Power off time 1 ms Minimum time between power-on and power-off Table 12: Power-On Reset Requirements CC1100 SWRS038D Page 17 of 92 5 Pin Configuration 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 6 7 8 9 10 5 4 3 2 GND Exposed die attach pad SCLK SO (GDO1) GDO2 DVDD DCOUPL GDO0 (ATEST) XOSC_Q1 AVDD XOSC_Q2 AVDD RF_P RF_N GND AVDD RBIAS DGUARD GND SI CSn AVDD Figure 1: Pinout Top View Note: The exposed die attach pad must be connected to a solid ground plane as this is the main ground connection for the chip. Pin # Pin Name Pin type Description 1 SCLK Digital Input Serial configuration interface, clock input 2 SO (GDO1) Digital Output Serial configuration interface, data output. Optional general output pin when CSn is high 3 GDO2 Digital Output Digital output pin for general use: • Test signals • FIFO status signals • Clear Channel Indicator • Clock output, down-divided from XOSC • Serial output RX data 4 DVDD Power (Digital) 1.8 - 3.6 V digital power supply for digital I/O’s and for the digital core voltage regulator 5 DCOUPL Power (Digital) 1.6 - 2.0 V digital power supply output for decoupling. NOTE: This pin is intended for use with the CC1100 only. It can not be used to provide supply voltage to other devices. 6 GDO0 (ATEST) Digital I/O Digital output pin for general use: • Test signals • FIFO status signals • Clear Channel Indicator • Clock output, down-divided from XOSC • Serial output RX data • Serial input TX data Also used as analog test I/O for prototype/production testing 7 CSn Digital Input Serial configuration interface, chip select 8 XOSC_Q1 Analog I/O Crystal oscillator pin 1, or external clock input 9 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection 10 XOSC_Q2 Analog I/O Crystal oscillator pin 2 CC1100 SWRS038D Page 18 of 92 Pin # Pin Name Pin type Description 11 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 -3.6 V analog power supply connection 12 RF_P RF I/O Positive RF input signal to LNA in receive mode Positive RF output signal from PA in transmit mode 13 RF_N RF I/O Negative RF input signal to LNA in receive mode Negative RF output signal from PA in transmit mode 14 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection 15 AVDD Power (Analog) 1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection 16 GND Ground (Analog) Analog ground connection 17 RBIAS Analog I/O External bias resistor for reference current 18 DGUARD Power (Digital) Power supply connection for digital noise isolation 19 GND Ground (Digital) Ground connection for digital noise isolation 20 SI Digital Input Serial configuration interface, data input Table 13: Pinout Overview 6 Circuit Description BIAS PA RBIAS XOSC_Q1 XOSC_Q2 CSn SI SO (GDO1) XOSC SCLK LNA 0 90 FREQ SYNTH ADC ADC DEMODULATOR FEC / INTERLEAVER PACKET HANDLER RXFIFO MODULATOR TXFIFO DIGITAL INTERFACE TO MCU RADIO CONTROL RF_P RF_N GDO2 GDO0 (ATEST) RC OSC Figure 2: CC1100 Simplified Block Diagram A simplified block diagram of CC1100 is shown in Figure 2. CC1100 features a low-IF receiver. The received RF signal is amplified by the lownoise amplifier (LNA) and down-converted in quadrature (I and Q) to the intermediate frequency (IF). At IF, the I/Q signals are digitised by the ADCs. Automatic gain control (AGC), fine channel filtering and demodulation bit/packet synchronization are performed digitally. The transmitter part of CC1100 is based on direct synthesis of the RF frequency. The frequency synthesizer includes a completely on-chip LC VCO and a 90 degree phase shifter for generating the I and Q LO signals to the down-conversion mixers in receive mode. A crystal is to be connected to XOSC_Q1 and XOSC_Q2. The crystal oscillator generates the reference frequency for the synthesizer, as well as clocks for the ADC and the digital part. A 4-wire SPI serial interface is used for configuration and data buffer access. The digital baseband includes support for channel configuration, packet handling, and data buffering. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 19 of 92 7 Application Circuit Only a few external components are required for using the CC1100. The recommended application circuits are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The external components are described in Table 14, and typical values are given in Table 15. Bias Resistor The bias resistor R171 is used to set an accurate bias current. Balun and RF Matching The components between the RF_N/RF_P pins and the point where the two signals are joined together (C131, C121, L121 and L131 for the 315/433 MHz reference design [5]. L121, L131, C121, L122, C131, C122 and L132 for the 868/915 MHz reference design [6]) form a balun that converts the differential RF signal on CC1100 to a single-ended RF signal. C124 is needed for DC blocking. Together with an appropriate LC network, the balun components also transform the impedance to match a 50 Ω antenna (or cable). Suggested values for 315 MHz, 433 MHz, and 868/915 MHz are listed in Table 15. The balun and LC filter component values and their placement are important to keep the performance optimized. It is highly recommended to follow the CC1100EM reference design [5] and [6]. Crystal The crystal oscillator uses an external crystal with two loading capacitors (C81 and C101). See Section 27 on page 53 for details. Additional Filtering Additional external components (e.g. an RF SAW filter) may be used in order to improve the performance in specific applications. Power Supply Decoupling The power supply must be properly decoupled close to the supply pins. Note that decoupling capacitors are not shown in the application circuit. The placement and the size of the decoupling capacitors are very important to achieve the optimum performance. The CC1100EM reference design ([5] and [6]) should be followed closely. Component Description C51 Decoupling capacitor for on-chip voltage regulator to digital part C81/C101 Crystal loading capacitors, see Section 27 on page 53 for details C121/C131 RF balun/matching capacitors C122 RF LC filter/matching filter capacitor (315 and 433 MHz). RF balun/matching capacitor (868/915 MHz). C123 RF LC filter/matching capacitor C124 RF balun DC blocking capacitor C125 RF LC filter DC blocking capacitor (only needed if there is a DC path in the antenna) L121/L131 RF balun/matching inductors (inexpensive multi-layer type) L122 RF LC filter/matching filter inductor (315 and 433 MHz). RF balun/matching inductor (868/915 MHz). (inexpensive multi-layer type) L123 RF LC filter/matching filter inductor (inexpensive multi-layer type) L124 RF LC filter/matching filter inductor (inexpensive multi-layer type) L132 RF balun/matching inductor. (inexpensive multi-layer type) R171 Resistor for internal bias current reference. XTAL 26MHz - 27MHz crystal, see Section 27 on page 53 for details. Table 14: Overview of External Components (excluding supply decoupling capacitors) CC1100 SWRS038D Page 20 of 92 Antenna (50 Ohm) Digital Inteface 1.8V-3.6V power supply 6 GDO0 7 CSn 8 XOSC_Q1 9 AVDD 10 XOSC_Q2 SI 20 GND 19 DGUARD 18 RBIAS 17 GND 16 1 SCLK 2 SO (GDO1) 3 GDO2 4 DVDD 5 DCOUPL AVDD 15 AVDD 14 RF_N 13 RF_P 12 AVDD 11 XTAL L122 L123 C122 C123 C125 R171 C81 C101 C51 CSn GDO0 (optional) GDO2 (optional) SO (GDO1) SCLK SI CC1100 DIE ATTACH PAD: C131 C121 L121 L131 C124 Figure 3: Typical Application and Evaluation Circuit 315/433 MHz (excluding supply decoupling capacitors) Antenna (50 Ohm) Digital Inteface 1.8V-3.6V power supply 6 GDO0 7 CSn 8 XOSC_Q1 9 AVDD 10 XOSC_Q2 SI 20 GND 19 DGUARD 18 RBIAS 17 GND 16 1 SCLK 2 SO (GDO1) 3 GDO2 4 DVDD 5 DCOUPL AVDD 15 AVDD 14 RF_N 13 RF_P 12 AVDD 11 XTAL C121 C122 L122 L132 C131 L121 L123 C125 R171 C81 C101 C51 CSn GDO0 (optional) GDO2 (optional) SO (GDO1) SCLK SI DIE ATTACH PAD: L131 C124 C123 L124 Figure 4: Typical Application and Evaluation Circuit 868/915 MHz (excluding supply decoupling capacitors) CC1100 SWRS038D Page 21 of 92 Component Value at 315MHz Value at 433MHz Value at 868/915MHz Manufacturer C51 100 nF ± 10%, 0402 X5R Murata GRM1555C series C81 27 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C101 27 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C121 6.8 pF ± 0.5 pF, 0402 NP0 3.9 pF ± 0.25 pF, 0402 NP0 1.0 pF ± 0.25 pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C122 12 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 8.2 pF ± 0.5 pF, 0402 NP0 1.5 pF ± 0.25 pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C123 6.8 pF ± 0.5 pF, 0402 NP0 5.6 pF ± 0.5 pF, 0402 NP0 3.3 pF ± 0.25 pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C124 220 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 220 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 100 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C125 220 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 220 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 100 pF ± 5%, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series C131 6.8 pF ± 0.5 pF, 0402 NP0 3.9 pF ± 0.25 pF, 0402 NP0 1.5 pF ± 0.25 pF, 0402 NP0 Murata GRM1555C series L121 33 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 27 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 12 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15HS series L122 18 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 22 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 18 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15HS series L123 33 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 27 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 12 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15HS series L124 12 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15HS series L131 33 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 27 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic 12 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15HS series L132 18 nH ± 5%, 0402 monolithic Murata LQG15HS series R171 56 kΩ ± 1%, 0402 Koa RK73 series XTAL 26.0 MHz surface mount crystal NDK, AT-41CD2 Table 15: Bill Of Materials for the Application Circuit The Gerber files for the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]) are available from the TI website. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 22 of 92 8 Configuration Overview CC1100 can be configured to achieve optimum performance for many different applications. Configuration is done using the SPI interface. The following key parameters can be programmed: • Power-down / power up mode • Crystal oscillator power-up / power-down • Receive / transmit mode • RF channel selection • Data rate • Modulation format • RX channel filter bandwidth • RF output power • Data buffering with separate 64-byte receive and transmit FIFOs • Packet radio hardware support • Forward Error Correction (FEC) with interleaving • Data Whitening • Wake-On-Radio (WOR) Details of each configuration register can be found in Section 33, starting on page 60. Figure 5 shows a simplified state diagram that explains the main CC1100 states, together with typical usage and current consumption. For detailed information on controlling the CC1100 state machine, and a complete state diagram, see Section 19, starting on page 42. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 23 of 92 Transmit mode Receive mode IDLE Manual freq. synth. calibration RX FIFO overflow TX FIFO underflow Frequency synthesizer on SFSTXON SRX or wake-on-radio (WOR) STX STX STX or RXOFF_MODE=10 RXOFF_MODE = 00 SFTX SRX or TXOFF_MODE = 11 SIDLE SCAL SFRX IDLE TXOFF_MODE = 00 SFSTXON or RXOFF_MODE = 01 SRX or STX or SFSTXON or wake-on-radio (WOR) Sleep SPWD or wake-on-radio (WOR) Crystal oscillator off SXOFF CSn = 0 CSn = 0 TXOFF_MODE = 01 Frequency synthesizer startup, optional calibration, settling Optional freq. synth. calibration Default state when the radio is not receiving or transmitting. Typ. current consumption: 1.6 mA. Lowest power mode. Most register values are retained. Current consumption typ 400 nA, or typ 900 nA when wake-on-radio (WOR) is enabled. All register values are retained. Typ. current consumption; 0.16 mA. Used for calibrating frequency synthesizer upfront (entering receive or transmit mode can then be done quicker). Transitional state. Typ. current consumption: 8.2 mA. Frequency synthesizer is turned on, can optionally be calibrated, and then settles to the correct frequency. Transitional s Frequency synthesizer is on, tate. Typ. current consumption: 8.2 mA. ready to start transmitting. Transmission starts very quickly after receiving the STX command strobe.Typ. current consumption: 8.2 mA. Typ. current consumption: 13.5 mA at -6 dBm output, 16.9 mA at 0 dBm output, 30.7 mA at +10 dBm output. Typ. current consumption: from 14.4 mA (strong input signal) to 15.4mA (weak input signal). Optional transitional state. Typ. In FIFO-based modes, current consumption: 8.2mA. transmission is turned off and this state entered if the TX FIFO becomes empty in the middle of a packet. Typ. current consumption: 1.6 mA. In FIFO-based modes, reception is turned off and this state entered if the RX FIFO overflows. Typ. current consumption: 1.6 mA. Figure 5: Simplified State Diagram, with Typical Current Consumption at 1.2 kBaud Data Rate and MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1 (current optimized). Freq. Band = 868 MHz CC1100 SWRS038D Page 24 of 92 9 Configuration Software CC1100 can be configured using the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. The SmartRF® Studio software is highly recommended for obtaining optimum register settings, and for evaluating performance and functionality. A screenshot of the SmartRF® Studio user interface for CC1100 is shown in Figure 6. After chip reset, all the registers have default values as shown in the tables in Section 33. The optimum register setting might differ from the default value. After a reset all registers that shall be different from the default value therefore needs to be programmed through the SPI interface. Figure 6: SmartRF® Studio [7] User Interface 10 4-wire Serial Configuration and Data Interface CC1100 is configured via a simple 4-wire SPIcompatible interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn) where CC1100 is the slave. This interface is also used to read and write buffered data. All transfers on the SPI interface are done most significant bit first. All transactions on the SPI interface start with a header byte containing a R/W;¯ bit, a burst access bit (B), and a 6-bit address (A5 – A0). The CSn pin must be kept low during transfers on the SPI bus. If CSn goes high during the transfer of a header byte or during read/write from/to a register, the transfer will be cancelled. The timing for the address and data transfer on the SPI interface is shown in Figure 7 with reference to Table 16. When CSn is pulled low, the MCU must wait until CC1100 SO pin goes low before starting to transfer the header byte. This indicates that the crystal is running. Unless the chip was in CC1100 SWRS038D Page 25 of 92 the SLEEP or XOFF states, the SO pin will always go low immediately after taking CSn low. Figure 7: Configuration Registers Write and Read Operations Parameter Description Min Max Units SCLK frequency 100 ns delay inserted between address byte and data byte (single access), or between address and data, and between each data byte (burst access). - 10 SCLK frequency, single access No delay between address and data byte - 9 fSCLK SCLK frequency, burst access No delay between address and data byte, or between data bytes - 6.5 MHz tsp,pd CSn low to positive edge on SCLK, in power-down mode 150 - μs tsp CSn low to positive edge on SCLK, in active mode 20 - ns tch Clock high 50 - ns tcl Clock low 50 - ns trise Clock rise time - 5 ns tfall Clock fall time - 5 ns tsd Setup data (negative SCLK edge) to positive edge on SCLK (tsd applies between address and data bytes, and between data bytes) Single access Burst access 55 76 - - ns thd Hold data after positive edge on SCLK 20 - ns tns Negative edge on SCLK to CSn high. 20 - ns Table 16: SPI Interface Timing Requirements Note: The minimum tsp,pd figure in Table 16 can be used in cases where the user does not read the CHIP_RDYn signal. CSn low to positive edge on SCLK when the chip is woken from power-down depends on the start-up time of the crystal being used. The 150 us in Table 16 is the crystal oscillator start-up time measured on CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]) using crystal AT-41CD2 from NDK. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 26 of 92 10.1 Chip Status Byte When the header byte, data byte, or command strobe is sent on the SPI interface, the chip status byte is sent by the CC1100 on the SO pin. The status byte contains key status signals, useful for the MCU. The first bit, s7, is the CHIP_RDYn signal; this signal must go low before the first positive edge of SCLK. The CHIP_RDYn signal indicates that the crystal is running. Bits 6, 5, and 4 comprise the STATE value. This value reflects the state of the chip. The XOSC and power to the digital core is on in the IDLE state, but all other modules are in power down. The frequency and channel configuration should only be updated when the chip is in this state. The RX state will be active when the chip is in receive mode. Likewise, TX is active when the chip is transmitting. The last four bits (3:0) in the status byte contains FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE. For read operations (the R/W;¯ bit in the header byte is set to 1), the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field contains the number of bytes available for reading from the RX FIFO. For write operations (the R/W;¯ bit in the header byte is set to 0), the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field contains the number of bytes that can be written to the TX FIFO. When FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE=15, 15 or more bytes are available/free. Table 17 gives a status byte summary. Bits Name Description 7 CHIP_RDYn Stays high until power and crystal have stabilized. Should always be low when using the SPI interface. 6:4 STATE[2:0] Indicates the current main state machine mode Value State Description 000 IDLE IDLE state (Also reported for some transitional states instead of SETTLING or CALIBRATE) 001 RX Receive mode 010 TX Transmit mode 011 FSTXON Fast TX ready 100 CALIBRATE Frequency synthesizer calibration is running 101 SETTLING PLL is settling 110 RXFIFO_OVERFLOW RX FIFO has overflowed. Read out any useful data, then flush the FIFO with SFRX 111 TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW TX FIFO has underflowed. Acknowledge with SFTX 3:0 FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE[3:0] The number of bytes available in the RX FIFO or free bytes in the TX FIFO Table 17: Status Byte Summary 10.2 Register Access The configuration registers on the CC1100 are located on SPI addresses from 0x00 to 0x2E. Table 36 on page 61 lists all configuration registers. It is highly recommended to use SmartRF® Studio [7] to generate optimum register settings. The detailed description of each register is found in Section 33.1 and 33.2, starting on page 64. All configuration registers can be both written to and read. The R/W;¯ bit controls if the register should be written to or read. When writing to registers, the status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a header byte or data byte is transmitted on the SI pin. When reading from registers, the status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a header byte is transmitted on the SI pin. Registers with consecutive addresses can be accessed in an efficient way by setting the burst bit (B) in the header byte. The address bits (A5 – A0) set the start address in an internal address counter. This counter is incremented by one each new byte (every 8 clock pulses). The burst access is either a CC1100 SWRS038D Page 27 of 92 read or a write access and must be terminated by setting CSn high. For register addresses in the range 0x30- 0x3D, the burst bit is used to select between status registers, burst bit is one, and command strobes, burst bit is zero (see 10.4 below). Because of this, burst access is not available for status registers and they must be accesses one at a time. The status registers can only be read. 10.3 SPI Read When reading register fields over the SPI interface while the register fields are updated by the radio hardware (e.g. MARCSTATE or TXBYTES), there is a small, but finite, probability that a single read from the register is being corrupt. As an example, the probability of any single read from TXBYTES being corrupt, assuming the maximum data rate is used, is approximately 80 ppm. Refer to the CC1100 Errata Notes [1] for more details. 10.4 Command Strobes Command Strobes may be viewed as single byte instructions to CC1100. By addressing a command strobe register, internal sequences will be started. These commands are used to disable the crystal oscillator, enable receive mode, enable wake-on-radio etc. The 13 command strobes are listed in Table 35 on page 60. The command strobe registers are accessed by transferring a single header byte (no data is being transferred). That is, only the R/W;¯ bit, the burst access bit (set to 0), and the six address bits (in the range 0x30 through 0x3D) are written. The R/W;¯ bit can be either one or zero and will determine how the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field in the status byte should be interpreted. When writing command strobes, the status byte is sent on the SO pin. A command strobe may be followed by any other SPI access without pulling CSn high. However, if an SRES strobe is being issued, one will have to waith for SO to go low again before the next header byte can be issued as shown in Figure 8. The command strobes are executed immediately, with the exception of the SPWD and the SXOFF strobes that are executed when CSn goes high. Figure 8: SRES Command Strobe 10.5 FIFO Access The 64-byte TX FIFO and the 64-byte RX FIFO are accessed through the 0x3F address. When the R/W;¯ bit is zero, the TX FIFO is accessed, and the RX FIFO is accessed when the R/W;¯ bit is one. The TX FIFO is write-only, while the RX FIFO is read-only. The burst bit is used to determine if the FIFO access is a single byte access or a burst access. The single byte access method expects a header byte with the burst bit set to zero and one data byte. After the data byte a new header byte is expected; hence, CSn can remain low. The burst access method expects one header byte and then consecutive data bytes until terminating the access by setting CSn high. The following header bytes access the FIFOs: • 0x3F: Single byte access to TX FIFO • 0x7F: Burst access to TX FIFO • 0xBF: Single byte access to RX FIFO • 0xFF: Burst access to RX FIFO When writing to the TX FIFO, the status byte (see Section 10.1) is output for each new data byte on SO, as shown in Figure 7. This status byte can be used to detect TX FIFO underflow while writing data to the TX FIFO. Note that the status byte contains the number of bytes free before writing the byte in progress to the TX FIFO. When the last byte that fits in the TX FIFO is transmitted on SI, the status byte received concurrently on SO will indicate that one byte is free in the TX FIFO. The TX FIFO may be flushed by issuing a SFTX command strobe. Similarly, a SFRX command strobe will flush the RX FIFO. A SFTX or SFRX command strobe can only be issued in the IDLE, TXFIFO_UNDERLOW, or RXFIFO_OVERFLOW states. Both FIFOs are flushed when going to the SLEEP state. Figure 9 gives a brief overview of different register access types possible. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 28 of 92 10.6 PATABLE Access The 0x3E address is used to access the PATABLE, which is used for selecting PA power control settings. The SPI expects up to eight data bytes after receiving the address. By programming the PATABLE, controlled PA power ramp-up and ramp-down can be achieved, as well as ASK modulation shaping for reduced bandwidth. Note that both the ASK modulation shaping and the PA ramping is limited to output powers up to -1 dBm, and the PATABLE settings allowed are 0x00 and 0x30 to 0x3F. See SmartRF® Studio [7] for recommended shaping / PA ramping sequences. See Section 24 on page 49 for details on output power programming. The PATABLE is an 8-byte table that defines the PA control settings to use for each of the eight PA power values (selected by the 3-bit value FREND0.PA_POWER). The table is written and read from the lowest setting (0) to the highest (7), one byte at a time. An index counter is used to control the access to the table. This counter is incremented each time a byte is read or written to the table, and set to the lowest index when CSn is high. When the highest value is reached the counter restarts at zero. The access to the PATABLE is either single byte or burst access depending on the burst bit. When using burst access the index counter will count up; when reaching 7 the counter will restart at 0. The R/W;¯ bit controls whether the access is a read or a write access. If one byte is written to the PATABLE and this value is to be read out then CSn must be set high before the read access in order to set the index counter back to zero. Note that the content of the PATABLE is lost when entering the SLEEP state, except for the first byte (index 0). Figure 9: Register Access Types 11 Microcontroller Interface and Pin Configuration In a typical system, CC1100 will interface to a microcontroller. This microcontroller must be able to: • Program CC1100 into different modes • Read and write buffered data • Read back status information via the 4-wire SPI-bus configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn). 11.1 Configuration Interface The microcontroller uses four I/O pins for the SPI configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn). The SPI is described in Section 10 on page 24. 11.2 General Control and Status Pins The CC1100 has two dedicated configurable pins (GDO0 and GDO2) and one shared pin (GDO1) that can output internal status information useful for control software. These pins can be used to generate interrupts on the MCU. See Section 30 page 55 for more details on the signals that can be programmed. GDO1 is shared with the SO pin in the SPI interface. The default setting for GDO1/SO is 3-state output. By selecting any other of the programming options, the GDO1/SO pin will become a generic pin. When CSn is low, the pin will always function as a normal SO pin. In the synchronous and asynchronous serial modes, the GDO0 pin is used as a serial TX data input pin while in transmit mode. The GDO0 pin can also be used for an on-chip analog temperature sensor. By measuring the voltage on the GDO0 pin with an external ADC, the temperature can be calculated. Specifications for the temperature sensor are found in Section 4.7 on page 16. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 29 of 92 With default PTEST register setting (0x7F) the temperature sensor output is only available when the frequency synthesizer is enabled (e.g. the MANCAL, FSTXON, RX, and TX states). It is necessary to write 0xBF to the PTEST register to use the analog temperature sensor in the IDLE state. Before leaving the IDLE state, the PTEST register should be restored to its default value (0x7F). 11.3 Optional Radio Control Feature The CC1100 has an optional way of controlling the radio, by reusing SI, SCLK, and CSn from the SPI interface. This feature allows for a simple three-pin control of the major states of the radio: SLEEP, IDLE, RX, and TX. This optional functionality is enabled with the MCSM0.PIN_CTRL_EN configuration bit. State changes are commanded as follows: When CSn is high the SI and SCLK is set to the desired state according to Table 18. When CSn goes low the state of SI and SCLK is latched and a command strobe is generated internally according to the pin configuration. It is only possible to change state with this functionality. That means that for instance RX will not be restarted if SI and SCLK are set to RX and CSn toggles. When CSn is low the SI and SCLK has normal SPI functionality. All pin control command strobes are executed immediately, except the SPWD strobe, which is delayed until CSn goes high. CSn SCLK SI Function 1 X X Chip unaffected by SCLK/SI ↓ 0 0 Generates SPWD strobe ↓ 0 1 Generates STX strobe ↓ 1 0 Generates SIDLE strobe ↓ 1 1 Generates SRX strobe 0 SPI mode SPI mode SPI mode (wakes up into IDLE if in SLEEP/XOFF) Table 18: Optional Pin Control Coding 12 Data Rate Programming The data rate used when transmitting, or the data rate expected in receive is programmed by the MDMCFG3.DRATE_M and the MDMCFG4.DRATE_E configuration registers. The data rate is given by the formula below. As the formula shows, the programmed data rate depends on the crystal frequency. ( ) XOSC DRATE E DATA R = + DRATE M ⋅ ⋅ f 28 _ 2 256 _ 2 The following approach can be used to find suitable values for a given data rate: 256 2 2 _ 2 _ log _ 28 20 2 − ⋅ ⋅ = ⎥ ⎥⎦ ⎥ ⎢ ⎢⎣ ⎢ ⎟ ⎟⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜⎝ ⎛ ⋅ = DRATE E XOSC DATA XOSC DATA f DRATE M R f DRATE E R If DRATE_M is rounded to the nearest integer and becomes 256, increment DRATE_E and use DRATE_M = 0. The data rate can be set from 1.2 kBaud to 500 kBaud with the minimum step size of: Min Data Rate [kBaud] Typical Data Rate [kBaud] Max Data Rate [kBaud] Data rate Step Size [kBaud] 0.8 1.2 / 2.4 3.17 0.0062 3.17 4.8 6.35 0.0124 6.35 9.6 12.7 0.0248 12.7 19.6 25.4 0.0496 25.4 38.4 50.8 0.0992 50.8 76.8 101.6 0.1984 101.6 153.6 203.1 0.3967 203.1 250 406.3 0.7935 406.3 500 500 1.5869 Table 19: Data Rate Step Size CC1100 SWRS038D Page 30 of 92 13 Receiver Channel Filter Bandwidth In order to meet different channel width requirements, the receiver channel filter is programmable. The MDMCFG4.CHANBW_E and MDMCFG4.CHANBW_M configuration registers control the receiver channel filter bandwidth, which scales with the crystal oscillator frequency. The following formula gives the relation between the register settings and the channel filter bandwidth: CHANBW E XOSC channel CHANBW M BW f 8⋅ (4 + _ )·2 _ = The CC1100 supports the following channel filter bandwidths: MDMCFG4. MDMCFG4.CHANBW_E CHANBW_M 00 01 10 11 00 812 406 203 102 01 650 325 162 81 10 541 270 135 68 11 464 232 116 58 Table 20: Channel Filter Bandwidths [kHz] (Assuming a 26MHz crystal) For best performance, the channel filter bandwidth should be selected so that the signal bandwidth occupies at most 80% of the channel filter bandwidth. The channel centre tolerance due to crystal accuracy should also be subtracted from the signal bandwidth. The following example illustrates this: With the channel filter bandwidth set to 500 kHz, the signal should stay within 80% of 500 kHz, which is 400 kHz. Assuming 915 MHz frequency and ±20 ppm frequency uncertainty for both the transmitting device and the receiving device, the total frequency uncertainty is ±40 ppm of 915MHz, which is ±37 kHz. If the whole transmitted signal bandwidth is to be received within 400kHz, the transmitted signal bandwidth should be maximum 400kHz – 2·37 kHz, which is 326 kHz. 14 Demodulator, Symbol Synchronizer, and Data Decision CC1100 contains an advanced and highly configurable demodulator. Channel filtering and frequency offset compensation is performed digitally. To generate the RSSI level (see Section 17.3 for more information) the signal level in the channel is estimated. Data filtering is also included for enhanced performance. 14.1 Frequency Offset Compensation When using 2-FSK, GFSK, or MSK modulation, the demodulator will compensate for the offset between the transmitter and receiver frequency, within certain limits, by estimating the centre of the received data. This value is available in the FREQEST status register. Writing the value from FREQEST into FSCTRL0.FREQOFF the frequency synthesizer is automatically adjusted according to the estimated frequency offset. The tracking range of the algorithm is selectable as fractions of the channel bandwidth with the FOCCFG.FOC_LIMIT configuration register. If the FOCCFG.FOC_BS_CS_GATE bit is set, the offset compensator will freeze until carrier sense asserts. This may be useful when the radio is in RX for long periods with no traffic, since the algorithm may drift to the boundaries when trying to track noise. The tracking loop has two gain factors, which affects the settling time and noise sensitivity of the algorithm. FOCCFG.FOC_PRE_K sets the gain before the sync word is detected, and FOCCFG.FOC_POST_K selects the gain after the sync word has been found. Note that frequency offset compensation is not supported for ASK or OOK modulation. 14.2 Bit Synchronization The bit synchronization algorithm extracts the clock from the incoming symbols. The algorithm requires that the expected data rate is programmed as described in Section 12 on page 29. Re-synchronization is performed continuously to adjust for error in the incoming symbol rate. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 31 of 92 14.3 Byte Synchronization Byte synchronization is achieved by a continuous sync word search. The sync word is a 16 bit configurable field (can be repeated to get a 32 bit) that is automatically inserted at the start of the packet by the modulator in transmit mode. The demodulator uses this field to find the byte boundaries in the stream of bits. The sync word will also function as a system identifier, since only packets with the correct predefined sync word will be received if the sync word detection in RX is enabled in register MDMCFG2 (see Section 17.1). The sync word detector correlates against the user-configured 16 or 32 bit sync word. The correlation threshold can be set to 15/16, 16/16, or 30/32 bits match. The sync word can be further qualified using the preamble quality indicator mechanism described below and/or a carrier sense condition. The sync word is configured through the SYNC1 and SYNC0 registers. In order to make false detections of sync words less likely, a mechanism called preamble quality indication (PQI) can be used to qualify the sync word. A threshold value for the preamble quality must be exceeded in order for a detected sync word to be accepted. See Section 17.2 on page 37 for more details. 15 Packet Handling Hardware Support The CC1100 has built-in hardware support for packet oriented radio protocols. In transmit mode, the packet handler can be configured to add the following elements to the packet stored in the TX FIFO: • A programmable number of preamble bytes • A two byte synchronization (sync) word. Can be duplicated to give a 4-byte sync word (recommended). It is not possible to only insert preamble or only insert a sync word. • A CRC checksum computed over the data field. • • The recommended setting is 4-byte preamble and 4-byte sync word, except for 500 kBaud data rate where the recommended preamble length is 8 bytes. • • In addition, the following can be implemented on the data field and the optional 2-byte CRC checksum: • • Whitening of the data with a PN9 sequence. • Forward error correction by the use of interleaving and coding of the data (convolutional coding). • In receive mode, the packet handling support will de-construct the data packet by implementing the following (if enabled): • Preamble detection. • Sync word detection. • CRC computation and CRC check. • One byte address check. • Packet length check (length byte checked against a programmable maximum length). • De-whitening • De-interleaving and decoding • Optionally, two status bytes (see Table 21 and Table 22) with RSSI value, Link Quality Indication, and CRC status can be appended in the RX FIFO. • Bit Field Name Description 7:0 RSSI RSSI value Table 21: Received Packet Status Byte 1 (first byte appended after the data) Bit Field Name Description 7 CRC_OK 1: CRC for received data OK (or CRC disabled) 0: CRC error in received data 6:0 LQI Indicating the link quality Table 22: Received Packet Status Byte 2 (second byte appended after the data) • • Note that register fields that control the packet handling features should only be altered when CC1100 is in the IDLE state. 15.1 Data Whitening From a radio perspective, the ideal over the air data are random and DC free. This results in the smoothest power distribution over the occupied bandwidth. This also gives the regulation loops in the receiver uniform operation conditions (no data dependencies). CC1100 SWRS038D Page 32 of 92 Real world data often contain long sequences of zeros and ones. Performance can then be improved by whitening the data before transmitting, and de-whitening the data in the receiver. With CC1100, this can be done automatically by setting PKTCTRL0.WHITE_DATA=1. All data, except the preamble and the sync word, are then XOR-ed with a 9-bit pseudo-random (PN9) sequence before being transmitted, as shown in Figure 10. At the receiver end, the data are XOR-ed with the same pseudo-random sequence. This way, the whitening is reversed, and the original data appear in the receiver. The PN9 sequence is initialized to all 1’s. Figure 10: Data Whitening in TX Mode 15.2 Packet Format The format of the data packet can be configured and consists of the following items (see Figure 11): • Preamble • Synchronization word • Optional length byte • Optional address byte • Payload • Optional 2 byte CRC • Preamble bits (1010...1010) Sync word Length field Address field Data field CRC-16 Optional CRC-16 calculation Optionally FEC encoded/decoded 8 x n bits 16/32 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 x n bits 16 bits Optional data whitening Legend: Inserted automatically in TX, processed and removed in RX. Optional user-provided fields processed in TX, processed but not removed in RX. Unprocessed user data (apart from FEC and/or whitening) Figure 11: Packet Format The preamble pattern is an alternating sequence of ones and zeros (10101010…). The minimum length of the preamble is programmable. When enabling TX, the modulator will start transmitting the preamble. When the programmed number of preamble bytes has been transmitted, the modulator will send the sync word and then data from the TX FIFO if data is available. If the TX FIFO is empty, the modulator will continue to send CC1100 SWRS038D Page 33 of 92 preamble bytes until the first byte is written to the TX FIFO. The modulator will then send the sync word and then the data bytes. The number of preamble bytes is programmed with the MDMCFG1.NUM_PREAMBLE value. The synchronization word is a two-byte value set in the SYNC1 and SYNC0 registers. The sync word provides byte synchronization of the incoming packet. A one-byte synch word can be emulated by setting the SYNC1 value to the preamble pattern. It is also possible to emulate a 32 bit sync word by using MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE set to 3 or 7. The sync word will then be repeated twice. CC1100 supports both constant packet length protocols and variable length protocols. Variable or fixed packet length mode can be used for packets up to 255 bytes. For longer packets, infinite packet length mode must be used. Fixed packet length mode is selected by setting PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0. The desired packet length is set by the PKTLEN register. In variable packet length mode, PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=1, the packet length is configured by the first byte after the sync word. The packet length is defined as the payload data, excluding the length byte and the optional CRC. The PKTLEN register is used to set the maximum packet length allowed in RX. Any packet received with a length byte with a value greater than PKTLEN will be discarded. With PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2, the packet length is set to infinite and transmission and reception will continue until turned off manually. As described in the next section, this can be used to support packet formats with different length configuration than natively supported by CC1100. One should make sure that TX mode is not turned off during the transmission of the first half of any byte. Refer to the CC1100 Errata Notes [1] for more details. Note that the minimum packet length supported (excluding the optional length byte and CRC) is one byte of payload data. 15.2.1 Arbitrary Length Field Configuration The packet length register, PKTLEN, can be reprogrammed during receive and transmit. In combination with fixed packet length mode (PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0) this opens the possibility to have a different length field configuration than supported for variable length packets (in variable packet length mode the length byte is the first byte after the sync word). At the start of reception, the packet length is set to a large value. The MCU reads out enough bytes to interpret the length field in the packet. Then the PKTLEN value is set according to this value. The end of packet will occur when the byte counter in the packet handler is equal to the PKTLEN register. Thus, the MCU must be able to program the correct length, before the internal counter reaches the packet length. 15.2.2 Packet Length > 255 Also the packet automation control register, PKTCTRL0, can be reprogrammed during TX and RX. This opens the possibility to transmit and receive packets that are longer than 256 bytes and still be able to use the packet handling hardware support. At the start of the packet, the infinite packet length mode (PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2) must be active. On the TX side, the PKTLEN register is set to mod(length, 256). On the RX side the MCU reads out enough bytes to interpret the length field in the packet and sets the PKTLEN register to mod(length, 256). When less than 256 bytes remains of the packet the MCU disables infinite packet length mode and activates fixed packet length mode. When the internal byte counter reaches the PKTLEN value, the transmission or reception ends (the radio enters the state determined by TXOFF_MODE or RXOFF_MODE). Automatic CRC appending/checking can also be used (by setting PKTCTRL0.CRC_EN=1). When for example a 600-byte packet is to be transmitted, the MCU should do the following (see also Figure 12) • Set PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2. • Pre-program the PKTLEN register to mod(600, 256) = 88. • Transmit at least 345 bytes (600 - 255), for example by filling the 64-byte TX FIFO six times (384 bytes transmitted). • Set PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0. • The transmission ends when the packet counter reaches 88. A total of 600 bytes are transmitted. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 34 of 92 0,1,..........,88,....................255,0,........,88,..................,255,0,........,88,..................,255,0,....................... Internal byte counter in packet handler counts from 0 to 255 and then starts at 0 again Length field transmitted and received. Rx and Tx PKTLEN value set to mod(600,256) = 88 Infinite packet length enabled Fixed packet length enabled when less than 256 bytes remains of packet 600 bytes transmitted and received Figure 12: Packet Length > 255 15.3 Packet Filtering in Receive Mode CC1100 supports three different types of packet-filtering; address filtering, maximum length filtering, and CRC filtering. 15.3.1 Address Filtering Setting PKTCTRL1.ADR_CHK to any other value than zero enables the packet address filter. The packet handler engine will compare the destination address byte in the packet with the programmed node address in the ADDR register and the 0x00 broadcast address when PKTCTRL1.ADR_CHK=10 or both 0x00 and 0xFF broadcast addresses when PKTCTRL1.ADR_CHK=11. If the received address matches a valid address, the packet is received and written into the RX FIFO. If the address match fails, the packet is discarded and receive mode restarted (regardless of the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting). If the received address matches a valid address when using infinite packet length mode and address filtering is enabled, 0xFF will be written into the RX FIFO followed by the address byte and then the payload data. 15.3.2 Maximum Length Filtering In variable packet length mode, PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=1, the PKTLEN.PACKET_LENGTH register value is used to set the maximum allowed packet length. If the received length byte has a larger value than this, the packet is discarded and receive mode restarted (regardless of the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting). 15.3.3 CRC Filtering The filtering of a packet when CRC check fails is enabled by setting PKTCTRL1.CRC_AUTOFLUSH=1. The CRC auto flush function will flush the entire RX FIFO if the CRC check fails. After auto flushing the RX FIFO, the next state depends on the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting. When using the auto flush function, the maximum packet length is 63 bytes in variable packet length mode and 64 bytes in fixed packet length mode. Note that the maximum allowed packet length is reduced by two bytes when PKTCTRL1.APPEND_STATUS is enabled, to make room in the RX FIFO for the two status bytes appended at the end of the packet. Since the entire RX FIFO is flushed when the CRC check fails, the previously received packet must be read out of the FIFO before receiving the current packet. The MCU must not read from the current packet until the CRC has been checked as OK. 15.4 Packet Handling in Transmit Mode The payload that is to be transmitted must be written into the TX FIFO. The first byte written must be the length byte when variable packet length is enabled. The length byte has a value equal to the payload of the packet (including the optional address byte). If address recognition is enabled on the receiver, the second byte written to the TX FIFO must be the address byte. If fixed packet length is enabled, then the first byte written to the TX FIFO should be the address (if the receiver uses address recognition). The modulator will first send the programmed number of preamble bytes. If data is available in the TX FIFO, the modulator will send the two-byte (optionally 4-byte) sync word and then the payload in the TX FIFO. If CRC is enabled, the checksum is calculated over all the data pulled from the TX FIFO and the result is sent as two extra bytes following the payload data. If the TX FIFO runs empty before the complete packet has been CC1100 SWRS038D Page 35 of 92 transmitted, the radio will enter TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW state. The only way to exit this state is by issuing an SFTX strobe. Writing to the TX FIFO after it has underflowed will not restart TX mode. If whitening is enabled, everything following the sync words will be whitened. This is done before the optional FEC/Interleaver stage. Whitening is enabled by setting PKTCTRL0.WHITE_DATA=1. If FEC/Interleaving is enabled, everything following the sync words will be scrambled by the interleaver and FEC encoded before being modulated. FEC is enabled by setting MDMCFG1.FEC_EN=1. 15.5 Packet Handling in Receive Mode In receive mode, the demodulator and packet handler will search for a valid preamble and the sync word. When found, the demodulator has obtained both bit and byte synchronism and will receive the first payload byte. If FEC/Interleaving is enabled, the FEC decoder will start to decode the first payload byte. The interleaver will de-scramble the bits before any other processing is done to the data. If whitening is enabled, the data will be dewhitened at this stage. When variable packet length mode is enabled, the first byte is the length byte. The packet handler stores this value as the packet length and receives the number of bytes indicated by the length byte. If fixed packet length mode is used, the packet handler will accept the programmed number of bytes. Next, the packet handler optionally checks the address and only continues the reception if the address matches. If automatic CRC check is enabled, the packet handler computes CRC and matches it with the appended CRC checksum. At the end of the payload, the packet handler will optionally write two extra packet status bytes (see Table 21 and Table 22) that contain CRC status, link quality indication, and RSSI value. 15.6 Packet Handling in Firmware When implementing a packet oriented radio protocol in firmware, the MCU needs to know when a packet has been received/transmitted. Additionally, for packets longer than 64 bytes the RX FIFO needs to be read while in RX and the TX FIFO needs to be refilled while in TX. This means that the MCU needs to know the number of bytes that can be read from or written to the RX FIFO and TX FIFO respectively. There are two possible solutions to get the necessary status information: a) Interrupt Driven Solution In both RX and TX one can use one of the GDO pins to give an interrupt when a sync word has been received/transmitted and/or when a complete packet has been received/transmitted (IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x06). In addition, there are 2 configurations for the IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG register that are associated with the RX FIFO (IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x00 and IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x01) and two that are associated with the TX FIFO (IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x02 and IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x03) that can be used as interrupt sources to provide information on how many bytes are in the RX FIFO and TX FIFO respectively. See Table 34. b) SPI Polling The PKTSTATUS register can be polled at a given rate to get information about the current GDO2 and GDO0 values respectively. The RXBYTES and TXBYTES registers can be polled at a given rate to get information about the number of bytes in the RX FIFO and TX FIFO respectively. Alternatively, the number of bytes in the RX FIFO and TX FIFO can be read from the chip status byte returned on the MISO line each time a header byte, data byte, or command strobe is sent on the SPI bus. It is recommended to employ an interrupt driven solution as high rate SPI polling will reduce the RX sensitivity. Furthermore, as explained in Section 10.3 and the CC1100 Errata Notes [1], when using SPI polling there is a small, but finite, probability that a single read from registers PKTSTATUS , RXBYTES and TXBYTES is being corrupt. The same is the case when reading the chip status byte. Refer to the TI website for SW examples ([8] and [9]). CC1100 SWRS038D Page 36 of 92 16 Modulation Formats CC1100 supports amplitude, frequency, and phase shift modulation formats. The desired modulation format is set in the MDMCFG2.MOD_FORMAT register. Optionally, the data stream can be Manchester coded by the modulator and decoded by the demodulator. This option is enabled by setting MDMCFG2.MANCHESTER_EN=1. Manchester encoding is not supported at the same time as using the FEC/Interleaver option. 16.1 Frequency Shift Keying 2-FSK can optionally be shaped by a Gaussian filter with BT = 1, producing a GFSK modulated signal. The frequency deviation is programmed with the DEVIATION_M and DEVIATION_E values in the DEVIATN register. The value has an exponent/mantissa form, and the resultant deviation is given by: xosc DEVIATION E dev f f DEVIATION M _ 17 (8 _ ) 2 2 = ⋅ + ⋅ The symbol encoding is shown in Table 23. Format Symbol Coding 2-FSK/GFSK ‘0’ – Deviation ‘1’ + Deviation Table 23: Symbol Encoding for 2-FSK/GFSK Modulation 16.2 Minimum Shift Keying When using MSK1, the complete transmission (preamble, sync word, and payload) will be MSK modulated. Phase shifts are performed with a constant transition time. The fraction of a symbol period used to change the phase can be modified with the DEVIATN.DEVIATION_M setting. This is equivalent to changing the shaping of the symbol. The MSK modulation format implemented in CC1100 inverts the sync word and data compared to e.g. signal generators. 16.3 Amplitude Modulation CC1100 supports two different forms of amplitude modulation: On-Off Keying (OOK) and Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). OOK modulation simply turns on or off the PA to modulate 1 and 0 respectively. The ASK variant supported by the CC1100 allows programming of the modulation depth (the difference between 1 and 0), and shaping of the pulse amplitude. Pulse shaping will produce a more bandwidth constrained output spectrum. Note that the pulse shaping feature on the CC1100 does only support output power up to about -1dBm. The PATABLE settings that can be used for pulse shaping are 0x00 and 0x30 to 0x3F. 1 Identical to offset QPSK with half-sine shaping (data coding may differ) CC1100 SWRS038D Page 37 of 92 17 Received Signal Qualifiers and Link Quality Information CC1100 has several qualifiers that can be used to increase the likelihood that a valid sync word is detected. 17.1 Sync Word Qualifier If sync word detection in RX is enabled in register MDMCFG2 the CC1100 will not start filling the RX FIFO and perform the packet filtering described in Section 15.3 before a valid sync word has been detected. The sync word qualifier mode is set by MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE and is summarized in Table 24. Carrier sense is described in Section 17.4. MDMCFG2. SYNC_MODE Sync Word Qualifier Mode 000 No preamble/sync 001 15/16 sync word bits detected 010 16/16 sync word bits detected 011 30/32 sync word bits detected 100 No preamble/sync, carrier sense above threshold 101 15/16 + carrier sense above threshold 110 16/16 + carrier sense above threshold 111 30/32 + carrier sense above threshold Table 24: Sync Word Qualifier Mode 17.2 Preamble Quality Threshold (PQT) The Preamble Quality Threshold (PQT) syncword qualifier adds the requirement that the received sync word must be preceded with a preamble with a quality above the programmed threshold. Another use of the preamble quality threshold is as a qualifier for the optional RX termination timer. See Section 19.7 on page 46 for details. The preamble quality estimator increases an internal counter by one each time a bit is received that is different from the previous bit, and decreases the counter by 8 each time a bit is received that is the same as the last bit. The threshold is configured with the register field PKTCTRL1.PQT. A threshold of 4·PQT for this counter is used to gate sync word detection. By setting the value to zero, the preamble quality qualifier of the synch word is disabled. A “Preamble Quality Reached” signal can be observed on one of the GDO pins by setting IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=8. It is also possible to determine if preamble quality is reached by checking the PQT_REACHED bit in the PKTSTATUS register. This signal / bit asserts when the received signal exceeds the PQT. 17.3 RSSI The RSSI value is an estimate of the signal power level in the chosen channel. This value is based on the current gain setting in the RX chain and the measured signal level in the channel. In RX mode, the RSSI value can be read continuously from the RSSI status register until the demodulator detects a sync word (when sync word detection is enabled). At that point the RSSI readout value is frozen until the next time the chip enters the RX state. The RSSI value is in dBm with ½dB resolution. The RSSI update rate, fRSSI, depends on the receiver filter bandwidth (BWchannel defined in Section 13) and AGCCTRL0.FILTER_LENGTH. FILTER LENGTH channel RSSI f BW8 2 _ 2 ⋅ = ⋅ If PKTCTRL1.APPEND_STATUS is enabled the last RSSI value of the packet is automatically added to the first byte appended after the payload. The RSSI value read from the RSSI status register is a 2’s complement number. The following procedure can be used to convert the RSSI reading to an absolute power level (RSSI_dBm). 1) Read the RSSI status register 2) Convert the reading from a hexadecimal number to a decimal number (RSSI_dec) 3) If RSSI_dec ≥ 128 then RSSI_dBm = (RSSI_dec - 256)/2 – RSSI_offset 4) Else if RSSI_dec < 128 then RSSI_dBm = (RSSI_dec)/2 – RSSI_offset Table 25 gives typical values for the RSSI_offset. Figure 13 and Figure 14 shows typical plots of RSSI reading as a function of input power level for different data rates. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 38 of 92 Data rate [kBaud] RSSI_offset [dB], 433 MHz RSSI_offset [dB], 868 MHz 1.2 75 74 38.4 75 74 250 79 78 500 79 77 Table 25: Typical RSSI_offset Values Figure 13: Typical RSSI Value vs. Input Power Level for Different Data Rates at 433 MHz Figure 14: Typical RSSI Value vs. Input Power Level for Different Data Rates at 868 MHz -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Input Power [dBm] 1.2 kBuad 38.4 kBaud 250 kBaud 500 kBaud RSSI Readout [dBm] -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Input Power [dBm] RSSI Readout [ dBm] 1.2 kBaud 38.4 kBuad 250 kBaud 500 kBaud CC1100 SWRS038D Page 39 of 92 17.4 Carrier Sense (CS) Carrier Sense (CS) is used as a sync word qualifier and for CCA and can be asserted based on two conditions, which can be individually adjusted: • CS is asserted when the RSSI is above a programmable absolute threshold, and deasserted when RSSI is below the same threshold (with hysteresis). • CS is asserted when the RSSI has increased with a programmable number of dB from one RSSI sample to the next, and de-asserted when RSSI has decreased with the same number of dB. This setting is not dependent on the absolute signal level and is thus useful to detect signals in environments with time varying noise floor. Carrier Sense can be used as a sync word qualifier that requires the signal level to be higher than the threshold for a sync word search to be performed. The signal can also be observed on one of the GDO pins by setting IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=14 and in the status register bit PKTSTATUS.CS. Other uses of Carrier Sense include the TX-if- CCA function (see Section 17.5 on page 40) and the optional fast RX termination (see Section 19.7 on page 46). CS can be used to avoid interference from other RF sources in the ISM bands. 17.4.1 CS Absolute Threshold The absolute threshold related to the RSSI value depends on the following register fields: • AGCCTRL2.MAX_LNA_GAIN • AGCCTRL2.MAX_DVGA_GAIN • AGCCTRL1.CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR • AGCCTRL2.MAGN_TARGET • For a given AGCCTRL2.MAX_LNA_GAIN and AGCCTRL2.MAX_DVGA_GAIN setting the absolute threshold can be adjusted ±7 dB in steps of 1 dB using CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR. The MAGN_TARGET setting is a compromise between blocker tolerance/selectivity and sensitivity. The value sets the desired signal level in the channel into the demodulator. Increasing this value reduces the headroom for blockers, and therefore close-in selectivity. It is strongly recommended to use SmartRF® Studio to generate the correct MAGN_TARGET setting. Table 26 and Table 27 show the typical RSSI readout values at the CS threshold at 2.4 kBaud and 250 kBaud data rate respectively. The default CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR=0 (0 dB) and MAGN_TARGET=3 (33 dB) have been used. For other data rates the user must generate similar tables to find the CS absolute threshold. MAX_DVGA_GAIN[1:0] 00 01 10 11 000 -97.5 -91.5 -85.5 -79.5 001 -94 -88 -82.5 -76 010 -90.5 -84.5 -78.5 -72.5 011 -88 -82.5 -76.5 -70.5 100 -85.5 -80 -73.5 -68 101 -84 -78 -72 -66 110 -82 -76 -70 -64 MAX_LNA_GAIN[2:0] 111 -79 -73.5 -67 -61 Table 26: Typical RSSI Value in dBm at CS Threshold with Default MAGN_TARGET at 2.4 kBaud, 868 MHz MAX_DVGA_GAIN[1:0] 00 01 10 11 000 -90.5 -84.5 -78.5 -72.5 001 -88 -82 -76 -70 010 -84.5 -78.5 -72 -66 011 -82.5 -76.5 -70 -64 100 -80.5 -74.5 -68 -62 101 -78 -72 -66 -60 110 -76.5 -70 -64 -58 MAX_LNA_GAIN[2:0] 111 -74.5 -68 -62 -56 Table 27: Typical RSSI Value in dBm at CS Threshold with Default MAGN_TARGET at 250 kBaud, 868 MHz If the threshold is set high, i.e. only strong signals are wanted, the threshold should be adjusted upwards by first reducing the MAX_LNA_GAIN value and then the MAX_DVGA_GAIN value. This will reduce power consumption in the receiver front end, since the highest gain settings are avoided. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 40 of 92 17.4.2 CS Relative Threshold The relative threshold detects sudden changes in the measured signal level. This setting is not dependent on the absolute signal level and is thus useful to detect signals in environments with a time varying noise floor. The register field AGCCTRL1.CARRIER_SENSE_REL_THR is used to enable/disable relative CS, and to select threshold of 6 dB, 10 dB, or 14 dB RSSI change. 17.5 Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) The Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) is used to indicate if the current channel is free or busy. The current CCA state is viewable on any of the GDO pins by setting IOCFGx.GDOx_ CFG=0x09. MCSM1.CCA_MODE selects the mode to use when determining CCA. When the STX or SFSTXON command strobe is given while CC1100 is in the RX state, the TX or FSTXON state is only entered if the clear channel requirements are fulfilled. The chip will otherwise remain in RX (if the channel becomes available, the radio will not enter TX or FSTXON state before a new strobe command is sent on the SPI interface). This feature is called TX-if-CCA. Four CCA requirements can be programmed: • Always (CCA disabled, always goes to TX) • If RSSI is below threshold • Unless currently receiving a packet • Both the above (RSSI below threshold and not currently receiving a packet) 17.6 Link Quality Indicator (LQI) The Link Quality Indicator is a metric of the current quality of the received signal. If PKTCTRL1.APPEND_STATUS is enabled, the value is automatically added to the last byte appended after the payload. The value can also be read from the LQI status register. The LQI gives an estimate of how easily a received signal can be demodulated by accumulating the magnitude of the error between ideal constellations and the received signal over the 64 symbols immediately following the sync word. LQI is best used as a relative measurement of the link quality (a high value indicates a better link than what a low value does), since the value is dependent on the modulation format. 18 Forward Error Correction with Interleaving 18.1 Forward Error Correction (FEC) CC1100 has built in support for Forward Error Correction (FEC). To enable this option, set MDMCFG1.FEC_EN to 1. FEC is only supported in fixed packet length mode (PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0). FEC is employed on the data field and CRC word in order to reduce the gross bit error rate when operating near the sensitivity limit. Redundancy is added to the transmitted data in such a way that the receiver can restore the original data in the presence of some bit errors. The use of FEC allows correct reception at a lower SNR, thus extending communication range if the receiver bandwidth remains constant. Alternatively, for a given SNR, using FEC decreases the bit error rate (BER). As the packet error rate (PER) is related to BER by: PER = 1− (1− BER) packet _ length a lower BER can be used to allow longer packets, or a higher percentage of packets of a given length, to be transmitted successfully. Finally, in realistic ISM radio environments, transient and time-varying phenomena will produce occasional errors even in otherwise good reception conditions. FEC will mask such errors and, combined with interleaving of the coded data, even correct relatively long periods of faulty reception (burst errors). The FEC scheme adopted for CC1100 is convolutional coding, in which n bits are generated based on k input bits and the m most recent input bits, forming a code stream able to withstand a certain number of bit errors between each coding state (the m-bit window). The convolutional coder is a rate 1/2 code with a constraint length of m = 4. The coder codes one input bit and produces two output bits; hence, the effective data rate is halved. I.e. to transmit at the same effective datarate when using FEC, it is necessary to use twice as high over-the-air datarate. This will require a higher receiver bandwidth, and thus reduce sensitivity. In other words the improved CC1100 SWRS038D Page 41 of 92 reception by using FEC and the degraded sensitivity from a higher receiver bandwidth will be counteracting factors. 18.2 Interleaving Data received through radio channels will often experience burst errors due to interference and time-varying signal strengths. In order to increase the robustness to errors spanning multiple bits, interleaving is used when FEC is enabled. After de-interleaving, a continuous span of errors in the received stream will become single errors spread apart. CC1100 employs matrix interleaving, which is illustrated in Figure 15. The on-chip interleaving and de-interleaving buffers are 4 x 4 matrices. In the transmitter, the data bits from the rate ½ convolutional coder are written into the rows of the matrix, whereas the bit sequence to be transmitted is read from the columns of the matrix. Conversely, in the receiver, the received symbols are written into the columns of the matrix, whereas the data passed onto the convolutional decoder is read from the rows of the matrix. When FEC and interleaving is used at least one extra byte is required for trellis termination. In addition, the amount of data transmitted over the air must be a multiple of the size of the interleaver buffer (two bytes). The packet control hardware therefore automatically inserts one or two extra bytes at the end of the packet, so that the total length of the data to be interleaved is an even number. Note that these extra bytes are invisible to the user, as they are removed before the received packet enters the RX FIFO. When FEC and interleaving is used the minimum data payload is 2 bytes. Packet Engine FEC Encoder Modulator Interleaver Write buffer Interleaver Read buffer Demodulator FEC Decoder Packet Engine Interleaver Write buffer Interleaver Read buffer Figure 15: General Principle of Matrix Interleaving CC1100 SWRS038D Page 42 of 92 19 Radio Control TX 19,20 RX 13,14,15 IDLE 1 CALIBRATE 8 MANCAL 3,4,5 SETTLING 9,10,11 RX_OVERFLOW 17 TX_UNDERFLOW 22 RXTX_SETTLING 21 FSTXON 18 SFSTXON FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 10 | 11 & SRX | STX | SFSTXON | WOR STX SRX | WOR STX TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW STX | RXOFF_MODE = 10 RXOFF_MODE = 00 & FS_AUTOCAL = 10 | 11 SFTX SRX | TXOFF_MODE = 11 SIDLE SCAL CAL_COMPLETE FS_AUTOCAL = 01 & SRX | STX | SFSTXON | WOR RXFIFO_OVERFLOW CAL_COMPLETE SFRX CALIBRATE 12 IDLE 1 TXOFF_MODE = 00 & FS_AUTOCAL = 10 | 11 RXOFF_MODE = 00 & FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 01 TXOFF_MODE = 00 & FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 01 TXOFF_MODE = 10 RXOFF_MODE = 11 SFSTXON | RXOFF_MODE = 01 TXRX_SETTLING 16 SRX | STX | SFSTXON | WOR SLEEP 0 SPWD | SWOR XOFF 2 SXOFF CSn = 0 CSn = 0 | WOR ( STX | SFSTXON ) & CCA | RXOFF_MODE = 01 | 10 TXOFF_MODE=01 FS_WAKEUP 6,7 SRX Figure 16: Complete Radio Control State Diagram CC1100 has a built-in state machine that is used to switch between different operational states (modes). The change of state is done either by using command strobes or by internal events such as TX FIFO underflow. A simplified state diagram, together with typical usage and current consumption, is shown in Figure 5 on page 23. The complete radio control state diagram is shown in Figure 16. The numbers refer to the state number readable in the MARCSTATE status register. This register is primarily for test purposes. 19.1 Power-On Start-Up Sequence When the power supply is turned on, the system must be reset. This is achieved by one of the two sequences described below, i.e. automatic power-on reset (POR) or manual reset. After the automatic power-on reset or manual reset it is also recommended to change the signal that is output on the GDO0 pin. The default setting is to output a clock signal with a frequency of CLK_XOSC/192, but to optimize CC1100 SWRS038D Page 43 of 92 performance in TX and RX an alternative GDO setting should be selected from the settings found in Table 34 on page 56. 19.1.1 Automatic POR A power-on reset circuit is included in the CC1100. The minimum requirements stated in Table 12 must be followed for the power-on reset to function properly. The internal powerup sequence is completed when CHIP_RDYn goes low. CHIP_RDYn is observed on the SO pin after CSn is pulled low. See Section 10.1 for more details on CHIP_RDYn. When the CC1100 reset is completed the chip will be in the IDLE state and the crystal oscillator will be running. If the chip has had sufficient time for the crystal oscillator to stabilize after the power-on-reset the SO pin will go low immediately after taking CSn low. If CSn is taken low before reset is completed the SO pin will first go high, indicating that the crystal oscillator is not stabilized, before going low as shown in Figure 17. Figure 17: Power-On Reset 19.1.2 Manual Reset The other global reset possibility on CC1100 uses the SRES command strobe. By issuing this strobe, all internal registers and states are set to the default, IDLE state. The manual power-up sequence is as follows (see Figure 18): • Set SCLK = 1 and SI = 0, to avoid potential problems with pin control mode (see Section 11.3 on page 29). • Strobe CSn low / high. • Hold CSn high for at least 40μs relative to pulling CSn low • Pull CSn low and wait for SO to go low (CHIP_RDYn). • Issue the SRES strobe on the SI line. • When SO goes low again, reset is complete and the chip is in the IDLE state. CSn SO XOSC Stable XOSC and voltage regulator switched on SI SRES 40 us Figure 18: Power-On Reset with SRES Note that the above reset procedure is only required just after the power supply is first turned on. If the user wants to reset the CC1100 after this, it is only necessary to issue an SRES command strobe. 19.2 Crystal Control The crystal oscillator (XOSC) is either automatically controlled or always on, if MCSM0.XOSC_FORCE_ON is set. In the automatic mode, the XOSC will be turned off if the SXOFF or SPWD command strobes are issued; the state machine then goes to XOFF or SLEEP respectively. This can only be done from the IDLE state. The XOSC will be turned off when CSn is released (goes high). The XOSC will be automatically turned on again when CSn goes low. The state machine will then go to the IDLE state. The SO pin on the SPI interface must be pulled low before the SPI interface is ready to be used; as described in Section 10.1 on page 26. If the XOSC is forced on, the crystal will always stay on even in the SLEEP state. Crystal oscillator start-up time depends on crystal ESR and load capacitances. The electrical specification for the crystal oscillator can be found in Section 4.4 on page 14. 19.3 Voltage Regulator Control The voltage regulator to the digital core is controlled by the radio controller. When the chip enters the SLEEP state, which is the state with the lowest current consumption, the voltage regulator is disabled. This occurs after CSn is released when a SPWD command strobe has been sent on the SPI interface. The chip is now in the SLEEP state. Setting CSn CC1100 SWRS038D Page 44 of 92 low again will turn on the regulator and crystal oscillator and make the chip enter the IDLE state. When wake on radio is enabled, the WOR module will control the voltage regulator as described in Section 19.5. 19.4 Active Modes CC1100 has two active modes: receive and transmit. These modes are activated directly by the MCU by using the SRX and STX command strobes, or automatically by Wake on Radio. The frequency synthesizer must be calibrated regularly. CC1100 has one manual calibration option (using the SCAL strobe), and three automatic calibration options, controlled by the MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL setting: • Calibrate when going from IDLE to either RX or TX (or FSTXON) • Calibrate when going from either RX or TX to IDLE automatically • Calibrate every fourth time when going from either RX or TX to IDLE automatically If the radio goes from TX or RX to IDLE by issuing an SIDLE strobe, calibration will not be performed. The calibration takes a constant number of XOSC cycles (see Table 28 for timing details). When RX is activated, the chip will remain in receive mode until a packet is successfully received or the RX termination timer expires (see Section 19.7). Note: the probability that a false sync word is detected can be reduced by using PQT, CS, maximum sync word length, and sync word qualifier mode as described in Section 17. After a packet is successfully received the radio controller will then go to the state indicated by the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting. The possible destinations are: • IDLE • FSTXON: Frequency synthesizer on and ready at the TX frequency. Activate TX with STX . • TX: Start sending preamble • RX: Start search for a new packet Similarly, when TX is active the chip will remain in the TX state until the current packet has been successfully transmitted. Then the state will change as indicated by the MCSM1.TXOFF_MODE setting. The possible destinations are the same as for RX. The MCU can manually change the state from RX to TX and vice versa by using the command strobes. If the radio controller is currently in transmit and the SRX strobe is used, the current transmission will be ended and the transition to RX will be done. If the radio controller is in RX when the STX or SFSTXON command strobes are used, the TXif- CCA function will be used. If the channel is not clear, the chip will remain in RX. The MCSM1.CCA_MODE setting controls the conditions for clear channel assessment. See Section 17.5 on page 40 for details. The SIDLE command strobe can always be used to force the radio controller to go to the IDLE state. 19.5 Wake On Radio (WOR) The optional Wake on Radio (WOR) functionality enables CC1100 to periodically wake up from SLEEP and listen for incoming packets without MCU interaction. When the WOR strobe command is sent on the SPI interface, the CC1100 will go to the SLEEP state when CSn is released. The RC oscillator must be enabled before the WOR strobe can be used, as it is the clock source for the WOR timer. The on-chip timer will set CC1100 into IDLE state and then RX state. After a programmable time in RX, the chip will go back to the SLEEP state, unless a packet is received. See Figure 19 and Section 19.7 for details on how the timeout works. Set the CC1100 into the IDLE state to exit WOR mode. CC1100 can be set up to signal the MCU that a packet has been received by using the GDO pins. If a packet is received, the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE will determine the behaviour at the end of the received packet. When the MCU has read the packet, it can put the chip back into SLEEP with the SWOR strobe from the IDLE state. The FIFO will loose its contents in the SLEEP state. The WOR timer has two events, Event 0 and Event 1. In the SLEEP state with WOR activated, reaching Event 0 will turn on the digital regulator and start the crystal oscillator. Event 1 follows Event 0 after a programmed timeout. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 45 of 92 The time between two consecutive Event 0 is programmed with a mantissa value given by WOREVT1.EVENT0 and WOREVT0.EVENT0, and an exponent value set by WORCTRL.WOR_RES. The equation is: WOR RES XOSC Event EVENT f t 5 _ 0 = 750 ⋅ 0 ⋅ 2 ⋅ The Event 1 timeout is programmed with WORCTRL.EVENT1. Figure 19 shows the timing relationship between Event 0 timeout and Event 1 timeout. Figure 19: Event 0 and Event 1 Relationship The time from the CC1100 enters SLEEP state until the next Event0 is programmed to appear (tSLEEP in Figure 19) should be larger than 11.08 ms when using a 26 MHz crystal and 10.67 ms when a 27 MHz crystal is used. If tSLEEP is less than 11.08 (10.67) ms there is a chance that the consecutive Event 0 will occur 750 ⋅128 XOSC f seconds too early. Application Note AN047 [4] explains in detail the theory of operation and the different registers involved when using WOR, as well as highlighting important aspects when using WOR mode. 19.5.1 RC Oscillator and Timing The frequency of the low-power RC oscillator used for the WOR functionality varies with temperature and supply voltage. In order to keep the frequency as accurate as possible, the RC oscillator will be calibrated whenever possible, which is when the XOSC is running and the chip is not in the SLEEP state. When the power and XOSC is enabled, the clock used by the WOR timer is a divided XOSC clock. When the chip goes to the sleep state, the RC oscillator will use the last valid calibration result. The frequency of the RC oscillator is locked to the main crystal frequency divided by 750. In applications where the radio wakes up very often, typically several times every second, it is possible to do the RC oscillator calibration once and then turn off calibration (WORCTRL.RC_CAL=0) to reduce the current consumption. This requires that RC oscillator calibration values are read from registers RCCTRL0_STATUS and RCCTRL1_STATUS and written back to RCCTRL0 and RCCTRL1 respectively. If the RC oscillator calibration is turned off it will have to be manually turned on again if temperature and supply voltage changes. Refer to Application Note AN047 [4] for further details. 19.6 Timing The radio controller controls most of the timing in CC1100, such as synthesizer calibration, PLL lock time, and RX/TX turnaround times. Timing from IDLE to RX and IDLE to TX is constant, dependent on the auto calibration setting. RX/TX and TX/RX turnaround times are constant. The calibration time is constant 18739 clock periods. Table 28 shows timing in crystal clock cycles for key state transitions. Power on time and XOSC start-up times are variable, but within the limits stated in Table 7. Note that in a frequency hopping spread spectrum or a multi-channel protocol the calibration time can be reduced from 721 μs to approximately 150 μs. This is explained in Section 32.2. Description XOSC Periods 26 MHz Crystal IDLE to RX, no calibration 2298 88.4μs IDLE to RX, with calibration ~21037 809μs IDLE to TX/FSTXON, no calibration 2298 88.4μs IDLE to TX/FSTXON, with calibration ~21037 809μs TX to RX switch 560 21.5μs RX to TX switch 250 9.6μs RX or TX to IDLE, no calibration 2 0.1μs RX or TX to IDLE, with calibration ~18739 721μs Manual calibration ~18739 721μs Table 28: State Transition Timing CC1100 SWRS038D Page 46 of 92 19.7 RX Termination Timer CC1100 has optional functions for automatic termination of RX after a programmable time. The main use for this functionality is wake-onradio (WOR), but it may be useful for other applications. The termination timer starts when in RX state. The timeout is programmable with the MCSM2.RX_TIME setting. When the timer expires, the radio controller will check the condition for staying in RX; if the condition is not met, RX will terminate. The programmable conditions are: • MCSM2.RX_TIME_QUAL=0: Continue receive if sync word has been found • MCSM2.RX_TIME_QUAL=1: Continue receive if sync word has been found or preamble quality is above threshold (PQT) If the system can expect the transmission to have started when enabling the receiver, the MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI function can be used. The radio controller will then terminate RX if the first valid carrier sense sample indicates no carrier (RSSI below threshold). See Section 17.4 on page 39 for details on Carrier Sense. For ASK/OOK modulation, lack of carrier sense is only considered valid after eight symbol periods. Thus, the MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI function can be used in ASK/OOK mode when the distance between “1” symbols is 8 or less. If RX terminates due to no carrier sense when the MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI function is used, or if no sync word was found when using the MCSM2.RX_TIME timeout function, the chip will always go back to IDLE if WOR is disabled and back to SLEEP if WOR is enabled. Otherwise, the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting determines the state to go to when RX ends. This means that the chip will not automatically go back to SLEEP once a sync word has been received. It is therefore recommended to always wake up the microcontroller on sync word detection when using WOR mode. This can be done by selecting output signal 6 (see Table 34 on page 56) on one of the programmable GDO output pins, and programming the microcontroller to wake up on an edge-triggered interrupt from this GDO pin. 20 Data FIFO The CC1100 contains two 64 byte FIFOs, one for received data and one for data to be transmitted. The SPI interface is used to read from the RX FIFO and write to the TX FIFO. Section 10.5 contains details on the SPI FIFO access. The FIFO controller will detect overflow in the RX FIFO and underflow in the TX FIFO. When writing to the TX FIFO it is the responsibility of the MCU to avoid TX FIFO overflow. A TX FIFO overflow will result in an error in the TX FIFO content. Likewise, when reading the RX FIFO the MCU must avoid reading the RX FIFO past its empty value, since an RX FIFO underflow will result in an error in the data read out of the RX FIFO. The chip status byte that is available on the SO pin while transferring the SPI header contains the fill grade of the RX FIFO if the access is a read operation and the fill grade of the TX FIFO if the access is a write operation. Section 10.1 on page 26 contains more details on this. The number of bytes in the RX FIFO and TX FIFO can be read from the status registers RXBYTES.NUM_RXBYTES and TXBYTES.NUM_TXBYTES respectively. If a received data byte is written to the RX FIFO at the exact same time as the last byte in the RX FIFO is read over the SPI interface, the RX FIFO pointer is not properly updated and the last read byte is duplicated. To avoid this problem one should never empty the RX FIFO before the last byte of the packet is received. For packet lengths less than 64 bytes it is recommended to wait until the complete packet has been received before reading it out of the RX FIFO. If the packet length is larger than 64 bytes the MCU must determine how many bytes can be read from the RX FIFO (RXBYTES.NUM_RXBYTES-1) and the following software routine can be used: 1. Read RXBYTES.NUM_RXBYTES repeatedly at a rate guaranteed to be at least twice that of which RF bytes are received until the same value is returned twice; store value in n. 2. If n < # of bytes remaining in packet, read n-1 bytes from the RX FIFO. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 47 of 92 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until n = # of bytes remaining in packet. 4. Read the remaining bytes from the RX FIFO. The 4-bit FIFOTHR.FIFO_THR setting is used to program threshold points in the FIFOs. Table 29 lists the 16 FIFO_THR settings and the corresponding thresholds for the RX and TX FIFOs. The threshold value is coded in opposite directions for the RX FIFO and TX FIFO. This gives equal margin to the overflow and underflow conditions when the threshold is reached. A signal will assert when the number of bytes in the FIFO is equal to or higher than the programmed threshold. This signal can be viewed on the GDO pins (see Table 34 on page 56). Figure 21 shows the number of bytes in both the RX FIFO and TX FIFO when the threshold signal toggles, in the case of FIFO_THR=13. Figure 20 shows the signal as the respective FIFO is filled above the threshold, and then drained below. 53 54 55 56 57 56 55 54 53 6 7 8 9 10 9 8 7 6 NUM_RXBYTES GDO NUM_TXBYTES GDO Figure 20: FIFO_THR=13 vs. Number of Bytes in FIFO (GDOx_CFG=0x00 in RX and GDOx_CFG=0x02 in TX) FIFO_THR Bytes in TX FIFO Bytes in RX FIFO 0 (0000) 61 4 1 (0001) 57 8 2 (0010) 53 12 3 (0011) 49 16 4 (0100) 45 20 5 (0101) 41 24 6 (0110) 37 28 7 (0111) 33 32 8 (1000) 29 36 9 (1001) 25 40 10 (1010) 21 44 11 (1011) 17 48 12 (1100) 13 52 13 (1101) 9 56 14 (1110) 5 60 15 (1111) 1 64 Table 29: FIFO_THR Settings and the Corresponding FIFO Thresholds 56 bytes 8 bytes Overflow margin Underflow margin FIFO_TH R=13 FIFO_THR=13 RXFIFO TXFIFO Figure 21: Example of FIFOs at Threshold CC1100 SWRS038D Page 48 of 92 21 Frequency Programming The frequency programming in CC1100 is designed to minimize the programming needed in a channel-oriented system. To set up a system with channel numbers, the desired channel spacing is programmed with the MDMCFG0.CHANSPC_M and MDMCFG1.CHANSPC_E registers. The channel spacing registers are mantissa and exponent respectively. The base or start frequency is set by the 24 bit frequency word located in the FREQ2, FREQ1, and FREQ0 registers. This word will typically be set to the centre of the lowest channel frequency that is to be used. The desired channel number is programmed with the 8-bit channel number register, CHANNR.CHAN, which is multiplied by the channel offset. The resultant carrier frequency is given by: ( (( ) _ 2 )) 16 256 _ 2 2 = XOSC ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ CHANSPC E− carrier f f FREQ CHAN CHANSPC M With a 26 MHz crystal the maximum channel spacing is 405 kHz. To get e.g. 1 MHz channel spacing one solution is to use 333 kHz channel spacing and select each third channel in CHANNR.CHAN. The preferred IF frequency is programmed with the FSCTRL1.FREQ_IF register. The IF frequency is given by: f fXOSC FREQ IF IF _ 210 = ⋅ Note that the SmartRF® Studio software [7] automatically calculates the optimum FSCTRL1.FREQ_IF register setting based on channel spacing and channel filter bandwidth. If any frequency programming register is altered when the frequency synthesizer is running, the synthesizer may give an undesired response. Hence, the frequency programming should only be updated when the radio is in the IDLE state. 22 VCO The VCO is completely integrated on-chip. 22.1 VCO and PLL Self-Calibration The VCO characteristics will vary with temperature and supply voltage changes, as well as the desired operating frequency. In order to ensure reliable operation, CC1100 includes frequency synthesizer self-calibration circuitry. This calibration should be done regularly, and must be performed after turning on power and before using a new frequency (or channel). The number of XOSC cycles for completing the PLL calibration is given in Table 28 on page 45. The calibration can be initiated automatically or manually. The synthesizer can be automatically calibrated each time the synthesizer is turned on, or each time the synthesizer is turned off automatically. This is configured with the MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL register setting. In manual mode, the calibration is initiated when the SCAL command strobe is activated in the IDLE mode. Note that the calibration values are maintained in SLEEP mode, so the calibration is still valid after waking up from SLEEP mode (unless supply voltage or temperature has changed significantly). To check that the PLL is in lock the user can program register IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG to 0x0A and use the lock detector output available on the GDOx pin as an interrupt for the MCU (x = 0,1, or 2). A positive transition on the GDOx pin means that the PLL is in lock. As an alternative the user can read register FSCAL1. The PLL is in lock if the register content is different from 0x3F. Refer also to the CC1100 Errata Notes [1]. For more robust operation the source code could include a check so that the PLL is re-calibrated until PLL lock is achieved if the PLL does not lock the first time. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 49 of 92 23 Voltage Regulators CC1100 contains several on-chip linear voltage regulators, which generate the supply voltage needed by low-voltage modules. These voltage regulators are invisible to the user, and can be viewed as integral parts of the various modules. The user must however make sure that the absolute maximum ratings and required pin voltages in Table 1 and Table 13 are not exceeded. The voltage regulator for the digital core requires one external decoupling capacitor. Setting the CSn pin low turns on the voltage regulator to the digital core and starts the crystal oscillator. The SO pin on the SPI interface must go low before the first positive edge of SCLK. (setup time is given in Table 16). If the chip is programmed to enter power-down mode, (SPWD strobe issued), the power will be turned off after CSn goes high. The power and crystal oscillator will be turned on again when CSn goes low. The voltage regulator output should only be used for driving the CC1100. 24 Output Power Programming The RF output power level from the device has two levels of programmability, as illustrated in Figure 22. Firstly, the special PATABLE register can hold up to eight user selected output power settings. Secondly, the 3-bit FREND0.PA_POWER value selects the PATABLE entry to use. This two-level functionality provides flexible PA power ramp up and ramp down at the start and end of transmission, as well as ASK modulation shaping. All the PA power settings in the PATABLE from index 0 up to the FREND0.PA_POWER value are used. The power ramping at the start and at the end of a packet can be turned off by setting FREND0.PA_POWER to zero and then program the desired output power to index 0 in the PATABLE. If OOK modulation is used, the logic 0 and logic 1 power levels shall be programmed to index 0 and 1 respectively. Table 30 contains recommended PATABLE settings for various output levels and frequency bands. Using PA settings from 0x61 to 0x6F is not recommended. See Section 10.6 on page 28 for PATABLE programming details. Table 31 contains output power and current consumption for default PATABLE setting (0xC6). PATABLE must be programmed in burst mode if you want to write to other entries than PATABLE[0]. Note that all content of the PATABLE, except for the first byte (index 0) is lost when entering the SLEEP state. 315 MHz 433 MHz 868 MHz 915 MHz Output Power [dBm] Setting Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] Setting Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] Setting Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] Setting Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] -30 0x04 10.6 0x04 11.5 0x03 11.9 0x11 11.8 -20 0x17 11.1 0x17 12.1 0x0D 12.4 0x0D 12.3 -15 0x1D 11.8 0x1C 12.7 0x1C 13.0 0x1C 13.0 -10 0x26 13.0 0x26 14.0 0x34 14.5 0x26 14.3 -5 0x57 12.9 0x57 13.7 0x57 14.1 0x57 13.9 0 0x60 14.8 0x60 15.6 0x8E 16.9 0x8E 16.7 5 0x85 18.1 0x85 19.1 0x85 20.0 0x83 19.9 7 0xCB 22.1 0xC8 24.2 0xCC 25.8 0xC9 25.8 10 0xC2 27.1 0xC0 29.2 0xC3 31.1 0xC0 32.3 Table 30: Optimum PATABLE Settings for Various Output Power Levels and Frequency Bands CC1100 SWRS038D Page 50 of 92 315 MHz 433 MHz 868 MHz 915 MHz Default Power Setting Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption, Typ. [mA] 0xC6 8.7 24.5 7.9 25.2 8.9 28.3 7.9 26.8 Table 31: Output Power and Current Consumption for Default PATABLE Setting 25 Shaping and PA Ramping With ASK modulation, up to eight power settings are used for shaping. The modulator contains a counter that counts up when transmitting a one and down when transmitting a zero. The counter counts at a rate equal to 8 times the symbol rate. The counter saturates at FREND0.PA_POWER and 0 respectively. This counter value is used as an index for a lookup in the power table. Thus, in order to utilize the whole table, FREND0.PA_POWER should be 7 when ASK is active. The shaping of the ASK signal is dependent on the configuration of the PATABLE. Note that the ASK shaping feature is only supported for output power levels up to -1 dBm and only values in the range 0x30–0x3F, together with 0x00 can be used. The same is the case when implementing PA ramping for other modulations formats. Figure 23 shows some examples of ASK shaping. e.g 6 PA_POWER[2:0] in FREND0 register PATABLE(0)[7:0] PATABLE(1)[7:0] PATABLE(2)[7:0] PATABLE(3)[7:0] PATABLE(4)[7:0] PATABLE(5)[7:0] PATABLE(6)[7:0] PATABLE(7)[7:0] Index into PATABLE(7:0) The PA uses this setting. Settings 0 to PA_POWER are used during ramp-up at start of transmission and ramp-down at end of transmission, and for ASK/OOK modulation. The SmartRF® Studio software should be used to obtain optimum PATABLE settings for various output powers. Figure 22: PA_POWER and PATABLE 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 Bit Sequence FREND0.PA_POWER = 3 FREND0.PA_POWER = 7 Time PATABLE[0] PATABLE[1] PATABLE[2] PATABLE[3] PATABLE[4] PATABLE[5] PATABLE[6] PATABLE[7] Output Power Figure 23: Shaping of ASK Signal CC1100 SWRS038D Page 51 of 92 Output Power [dBm] PATABLE Setting 315 MHz 433 MHz 868 MHz 915 MHz 0x00 -62.0 -62.0 -57.1 -56.0 0x30 -41.7 -39.0 -33.6 -33.1 0x31 -21.8 -21.7 -21.2 -21.0 0x32 -16.2 -16.1 -16.0 -15.8 0x33 -12.8 -12.7 -12.7 -12.5 0x34 -10.5 -10.4 -10.5 -10.3 0x35 -8.6 -8.5 -8.7 -8.5 0x36 -7.2 -7.1 -7.4 -7.2 0x37 -5.9 -5.8 -6.2 -6.0 0x38 -4.8 -4.9 -5.3 -5.1 0x39 -3.9 -4.0 -4.5 -4.3 0x3A -3.2 -3.3 -3.8 -3.7 0x3B -2.5 -2.7 -3.3 -3.1 0x3C -2.1 -2.3 -2.8 -2.7 0x3D -1.7 -1.9 -2.5 -2.3 0x3E -1.3 -1.6 -2.1 -2.0 0x3F -1.1 -1.3 -1.9 -1.7 Table 32: PATABLE Settings used together with ASK Shaping and PA Ramping Assume working in the 433 MHz and using FSK. The desired output power is -10 dBm. Figure 24 shows how the PATABLE should look like in the two cases where no ramping is used (A) and when PA ramping is being implemented (B). In case A, the PATABLE value is taken from Table 30, while in case B, the values are taken from Table 32. PATABLE[7] = 0x00 PATABLE[6] = 0x00 PATABLE[5] = 0x00 PATABLE[4] = 0x00 PATABLE[3] = 0x00 PATABLE[2] = 0x00 PATABLE[1] = 0x00 PATABLE[0] = 0x26 FREND0.PA_POWER = 0 PATABLE[7] = 0x00 PATABLE[6] = 0x00 PATABLE[5] = 0x34 PATABLE[4] = 0x33 PATABLE[3] = 0x32 PATABLE[2] = 0x31 PATABLE[1] = 0x30 PATABLE[0] = 0x00 FREND0.PA_POWER = 5 A: Output Power = -10 dBm, No PA Ramping B: Output Power = -10 dBm, PA Ramping Figure 24: PA Ramping CC1100 SWRS038D Page 52 of 92 26 Selectivity Figure 25 to Figure 27 show the typical selectivity performance (adjacent and alternate rejection). -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 Frequency offset [MHz] Selectivity [dB] Figure 25: Typical Selectivity at 1.2 kBaud Data Rate, 868 MHz, 2-FSK, 5.2 kHz Deviation. IF Frequency is 152.3 kHz and the Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth is 58 kHz -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 Frequency offset [MHz] Selectivity [dB] Figure 26: Typical Selectivity at 38.4 kBaud Data Rate, 868 MHz, 2-FSK, 20 kHz Deviation. IF Frequency is 152.3 kHz and the Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth is 100 kHz CC1100 SWRS038D Page 53 of 92 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 -2.3 1.5 -1.0 -0.8 0.0 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.3 Frequency offset [MHz] Selectivity [dB] Figure 27: Typical Selectivity at 250 kBaud Data Rate, 868 MHz, MSK, IF Frequency is 254 kHz and the Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth is 540 kHz 27 Crystal Oscillator A crystal in the frequency range 26-27 MHz must be connected between the XOSC_Q1 and XOSC_Q2 pins. The oscillator is designed for parallel mode operation of the crystal. In addition, loading capacitors (C81 and C101) for the crystal are required. The loading capacitor values depend on the total load capacitance, CL, specified for the crystal. The total load capacitance seen between the crystal terminals should equal CL for the crystal to oscillate at the specified frequency. L parasitic C C C C + + = 81 101 1 1 1 The parasitic capacitance is constituted by pin input capacitance and PCB stray capacitance. Total parasitic capacitance is typically 2.5 pF. The crystal oscillator circuit is shown in Figure 28. Typical component values for different values of CL are given in Table 33. The crystal oscillator is amplitude regulated. This means that a high current is used to start up the oscillations. When the amplitude builds up, the current is reduced to what is necessary to maintain approximately 0.4 Vpp signal swing. This ensures a fast start-up, and keeps the drive level to a minimum. The ESR of the crystal should be within the specification in order to ensure a reliable start-up (see Section 4.4 on page 14). The initial tolerance, temperature drift, aging and load pulling should be carefully specified in order to meet the required frequency accuracy in a certain application. XOSC_Q1 XOSC_Q2 XTAL C81 C101 Figure 28: Crystal Oscillator Circuit Component CL = 10 pF CL = 13 pF CL = 16 pF C81 15 pF 22 pF 27 pF C101 15 pF 22 pF 27 pF Table 33: Crystal Oscillator Component Values CC1100 SWRS038D Page 54 of 92 27.1 Reference Signal The chip can alternatively be operated with a reference signal from 26 to 27 MHz instead of a crystal. This input clock can either be a fullswing digital signal (0 V to VDD) or a sine wave of maximum 1 V peak-peak amplitude. The reference signal must be connected to the XOSC_Q1 input. The sine wave must be connected to XOSC_Q1 using a serial capacitor. When using a full-swing digital signal this capacitor can be omitted. The XOSC_Q2 line must be left un-connected. C81 and C101 can be omitted when using a reference signal. 28 External RF Match The balanced RF input and output of CC1100 share two common pins and are designed for a simple, low-cost matching and balun network on the printed circuit board. The receive- and transmit switching at the CC1100 front-end is controlled by a dedicated on-chip function, eliminating the need for an external RX/TXswitch. A few passive external components combined with the internal RX/TX switch/termination circuitry ensures match in both RX and TX mode. Although CC1100 has a balanced RF input/output, the chip can be connected to a single-ended antenna with few external low cost capacitors and inductors. The passive matching/filtering network connected to CC1100 should have the following differential impedance as seen from the RFport (RF_P and RF_N) towards the antenna: Zout 315 MHz = 122 + j31 Ω Zout 433 MHz = 116 + j41 Ω Zout 868/915 MHz = 86.5 + j43 Ω To ensure optimal matching of the CC1100 differential output it is recommended to follow the CC1100EM reference design ([5] or [6]) as closely as possible. Gerber files for the reference designs are available for download from the TI website. 29 PCB Layout Recommendations The top layer should be used for signal routing, and the open areas should be filled with metallization connected to ground using several vias. The area under the chip is used for grounding and shall be connected to the bottom ground plane with several vias. In the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]) we have placed 5 vias inside the exposed die attached pad. These vias should be “tented” (covered with solder mask) on the component side of the PCB to avoid migration of solder through the vias during the solder reflow process. The solder paste coverage should not be 100%. If it is, out gassing may occur during the reflow process, which may cause defects (splattering, solder balling). Using “tented” vias reduces the solder paste coverage below 100%. See Figure 29 for top solder resist and top paste masks. Each decoupling capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the supply pin it is supposed to decouple. Each decoupling capacitor should be connected to the power line (or power plane) by separate vias. The best routing is from the power line (or power plane) to the decoupling capacitor and then to the CC1100 supply pin. Supply power filtering is very important. Each decoupling capacitor ground pad should be connected to the ground plane using a separate via. Direct connections between neighboring power pins will increase noise coupling and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. The external components should ideally be as small as possible (0402 is recommended) and surface mount devices are highly recommended. Please note that components smaller than those specified may have differing characteristics. Precaution should be used when placing the microcontroller in order to avoid noise interfering with the RF circuitry. A CC1100/1150DK Development Kit with a fully assembled CC1100EM Evaluation Module is available. It is strongly advised that this reference layout is followed very closely in order to get the best performance. The schematic, BOM and layout Gerber files are all available from the TI website ([5] and [6]). CC1100 SWRS038D Page 55 of 92 Figure 29: Left: Top Solder Resist Mask (Negative). Right: Top Paste Mask. Circles are Vias 30 General Purpose / Test Output Control Pins The three digital output pins GDO0, GDO1, and GDO2 are general control pins configured with IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG, IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG, and IOCFG2.GDO3_CFG respectively. Table 34 shows the different signals that can be monitored on the GDO pins. These signals can be used as inputs to the MCU. GDO1 is the same pin as the SO pin on the SPI interface, thus the output programmed on this pin will only be valid when CSn is high. The default value for GDO1 is 3- stated, which is useful when the SPI interface is shared with other devices. The default value for GDO0 is a 135-141 kHz clock output (XOSC frequency divided by 192). Since the XOSC is turned on at poweron- reset, this can be used to clock the MCU in systems with only one crystal. When the MCU is up and running, it can change the clock frequency by writing to IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG. An on-chip analog temperature sensor is enabled by writing the value 128 (0x80) to the IOCFG0 register. The voltage on the GDO0 pin is then proportional to temperature. See Section 4.7 on page 16 for temperature sensor specifications. If the IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG setting is less than 0x20 and IOCFGx_GDOx_INV is 0 (1), the GDO0 and GDO2 pins will be hardwired to 0 (1) and the GDO1 pin will be hardwired to 1 (0) in the SLEEP state. These signals will be hardwired until the CHIP_RDYn signal goes low. If the IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG setting is 0x20 or higher the GDO pins will work as programmed also in SLEEP state. As an example, GDO1 is high impedance in all states if IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG=0x2E. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 56 of 92 GDOx_CFG[5:0] Description 0 (0x00) Associated to the RX FIFO: Asserts when RX FIFO is filled at or above the RX FIFO threshold. De-asserts when RX FIFO is drained below the same threshold. 1 (0x01) Associated to the RX FIFO: Asserts when RX FIFO is filled at or above the RX FIFO threshold or the end of packet is reached. De-asserts when the RX FIFO is empty. 2 (0x02) Associated to the TX FIFO: Asserts when the TX FIFO is filled at or above the TX FIFO threshold. De-asserts when the TX FIFO is below the same threshold. 3 (0x03) Associated to the TX FIFO: Asserts when TX FIFO is full. De-asserts when the TX FIFO is drained below theTX FIFO threshold. 4 (0x04) Asserts when the RX FIFO has overflowed. De-asserts when the FIFO has been flushed. 5 (0x05) Asserts when the TX FIFO has underflowed. De-asserts when the FIFO is flushed. 6 (0x06) Asserts when sync word has been sent / received, and de-asserts at the end of the packet. In RX, the pin will de-assert when the optional address check fails or the RX FIFO overflows. In TX the pin will de-assert if the TX FIFO underflows. 7 (0x07) Asserts when a packet has been received with CRC OK. De-asserts when the first byte is read from the RX FIFO. 8 (0x08) Preamble Quality Reached. Asserts when the PQI is above the programmed PQT value. 9 (0x09) Clear channel assessment. High when RSSI level is below threshold (dependent on the current CCA_MODE setting) 10 (0x0A) Lock detector output. The PLL is in lock if the lock detector output has a positive transition or is constantly logic high. To check for PLL lock the lock detector output should be used as an interrupt for the MCU. 11 (0x0B) Serial Clock. Synchronous to the data in synchronous serial mode. In RX mode, data is set up on the falling edge by CC1100 when GDOx_INV=0. In TX mode, data is sampled by CC1100 on the rising edge of the serial clock when GDOx_INV=0. 12 (0x0C) Serial Synchronous Data Output. Used for synchronous serial mode. 13 (0x0D) Serial Data Output. Used for asynchronous serial mode. 14 (0x0E) Carrier sense. High if RSSI level is above threshold. 15 (0x0F) CRC_OK. The last CRC comparison matched. Cleared when entering/restarting RX mode. 16 (0x10) Reserved – used for test. 17 (0x11) Reserved – used for test. 18 (0x12) Reserved – used for test. 19 (0x13) Reserved – used for test. 20 (0x14) Reserved – used for test. 21 (0x15) Reserved – used for test. 22 (0x16) RX_HARD_DATA[1]. Can be used together with RX_SYMBOL_TICK for alternative serial RX output. 23 (0x17) RX_HARD_DATA[0]. Can be used together with RX_SYMBOL_TICK for alternative serial RX output. 24 (0x18) Reserved – used for test. 25 (0x19) Reserved – used for test. 26 (0x1A) Reserved – used for test. 27 (0x1B) PA_PD. Note: PA_PD will have the same signal level in SLEEP and TX states. To control an external PA or RX/TX switch in applications where the SLEEP state is used it is recommended to use GDOx_CFGx=0x2F instead. 28 (0x1C) LNA_PD. Note: LNA_PD will have the same signal level in SLEEP and RX states. To control an external LNA or RX/TX switch in applications where the SLEEP state is used it is recommended to use GDOx_CFGx=0x2F instead. 29 (0x1D) RX_SYMBOL_TICK. Can be used together with RX_HARD_DATA for alternative serial RX output. 30 (0x1E) Reserved – used for test. 31 (0x1F) Reserved – used for test. 32 (0x20) Reserved – used for test. 33 (0x21) Reserved – used for test. 34 (0x22) Reserved – used for test. 35 (0x23) Reserved – used for test. 36 (0x24) WOR_EVNT0 37 (0x25) WOR_EVNT1 38 (0x26) Reserved – used for test. 39 (0x27) CLK_32k 40 (0x28) Reserved – used for test. 41 (0x29) CHIP_RDYn 42 (0x2A) Reserved – used for test. 43 (0x2B) XOSC_STABLE 44 (0x2C) Reserved – used for test. 45 (0x2D) GDO0_Z_EN_N. When this output is 0, GDO0 is configured as input (for serial TX data). 46 (0x2E) High impedance (3-state) 47 (0x2F) HW to 0 (HW1 achieved by setting GDOx_INV=1). Can be used to control an external LNA/PA or RX/TX switch. 48 (0x30) CLK_XOSC/1 49 (0x31) CLK_XOSC/1.5 50 (0x32) CLK_XOSC/2 51 (0x33) CLK_XOSC/3 52 (0x34) CLK_XOSC/4 53 (0x35) CLK_XOSC/6 54 (0x36) CLK_XOSC/8 55 (0x37) CLK_XOSC/12 56 (0x38) CLK_XOSC/16 57 (0x39) CLK_XOSC/24 58 (0x3A) CLK_XOSC/32 59 (0x3B) CLK_XOSC/48 60 (0x3C) CLK_XOSC/64 61 (0x3D) CLK_XOSC/96 62 (0x3E) CLK_XOSC/128 63 (0x3F) CLK_XOSC/192 Note: There are 3 GDO pins, but only one CLK_XOSC/n can be selected as an output at any time. If CLK_XOSC/n is to be monitored on one of the GDO pins, the other two GDO pins must be configured to values less than 0x30. The GDO0 default value is CLK_XOSC/192. To optimize rf performance, these signal should not be used while the radio is in RX or TX mode. Table 34: GDOx Signal Selection (x = 0, 1, or 2) CC1100 SWRS038D Page 57 of 92 31 Asynchronous and Synchronous Serial Operation Several features and modes of operation have been included in the CC1100 to provide backward compatibility with previous Chipcon products and other existing RF communication systems. For new systems, it is recommended to use the built-in packet handling features, as they can give more robust communication, significantly offload the microcontroller, and simplify software development. 31.1 Asynchronous Operation For backward compatibility with systems already using the asynchronous data transfer from other Chipcon products, asynchronous transfer is also included in CC1100. When asynchronous transfer is enabled, several of the support mechanisms for the MCU that are included in CC1100 will be disabled, such as packet handling hardware, buffering in the FIFO, and so on. The asynchronous transfer mode does not allow the use of the data whitener, interleaver, and FEC, and it is not possible to use Manchester encoding. Note that MSK is not supported for asynchronous transfer. Setting PKTCTRL0.PKT_FORMAT to 3 enables asynchronous serial mode. In TX, the GDO0 pin is used for data input (TX data). Data output can be on GDO0, GDO1, or GDO2. This is set by the IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG, IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG and IOCFG2.GDO2_CFG fields. The CC1100 modulator samples the level of the asynchronous input 8 times faster than the programmed data rate. The timing requirement for the asynchronous stream is that the error in the bit period must be less than one eighth of the programmed data rate. 31.2 Synchronous Serial Operation Setting PKTCTRL0.PKT_FORMAT to 1 enables synchronous serial mode. In the synchronous serial mode, data is transferred on a two wire serial interface. The CC1100 provides a clock that is used to set up new data on the data input line or sample data on the data output line. Data input (TX data) is the GDO0 pin. This pin will automatically be configured as an input when TX is active. The data output pin can be any of the GDO pins; this is set by the IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG, IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG, and IOCFG2.GDO2_CFG fields. Preamble and sync word insertion/detection may or may not be active, dependent on the sync mode set by the MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE. If preamble and sync word is disabled, all other packet handler features and FEC should also be disabled. The MCU must then handle preamble and sync word insertion and detection in software. If preamble and sync word insertion/detection is left on, all packet handling features and FEC can be used. One exception is that the address filtering feature is unavailable in synchronous serial mode. When using the packet handling features in synchronous serial mode, the CC1100 will insert and detect the preamble and sync word and the MCU will only provide/get the data payload. This is equivalent to the recommended FIFO operation mode. 32 System Considerations and Guidelines 32.1 SRD Regulations International regulations and national laws regulate the use of radio receivers and transmitters. Short Range Devices (SRDs) for license free operation below 1 GHz are usually operated in the 433 MHz, 868 MHz or 915 MHz frequency bands. The CC1100 is specifically designed for such use with its 300 - 348 MHz, 400 - 464 MHz, and 800 - 928 MHz operating ranges. The most important regulations when using the CC1100 in the 433 MHz, 868 MHz, or 915 MHz frequency bands are EN 300 220 (Europe) and FCC CFR47 part 15 (USA). A summary of the most important aspects of these regulations can be found in Application Note AN001 [2]. Please note that compliance with regulations is dependent on complete system performance. It is the customer’s responsibility to ensure that the system complies with regulations. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 58 of 92 32.2 Frequency Hopping and Multi- Channel Systems The 433 MHz, 868 MHz, or 915 MHz bands are shared by many systems both in industrial, office, and home environments. It is therefore recommended to use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or a multi-channel protocol because the frequency diversity makes the system more robust with respect to interference from other systems operating in the same frequency band. FHSS also combats multipath fading. CC1100 is highly suited for FHSS or multichannel systems due to its agile frequency synthesizer and effective communication interface. Using the packet handling support and data buffering is also beneficial in such systems as these features will significantly offload the host controller. Charge pump current, VCO current, and VCO capacitance array calibration data is required for each frequency when implementing frequency hopping for CC1100. There are 3 ways of obtaining the calibration data from the chip: 1) Frequency hopping with calibration for each hop. The PLL calibration time is approximately 720 μs. The blanking interval between each frequency hop is then approximately 810 us. 2) Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating each frequency at startup and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2, and FSCAL1 register values in MCU memory. Between each frequency hop, the calibration process can then be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. The PLL turn on time is approximately 90 μs. The blanking interval between each frequency hop is then approximately 90 us. The VCO current calibration result available in FSCAL2 is not dependent on the RF frequency. Neither is the charge pump current calibration result available in FSCAL3. The same value can therefore be used for all frequencies. 3) Run calibration on a single frequency at startup. Next write 0 to FSCAL3[5:4] to disable the charge pump calibration. After writing to FSCAL3[5:4] strobe SRX (or STX) with MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1 for each new frequency hop. That is, VCO current and VCO capacitance calibration is done but not charge pump current calibration. When charge pump current calibration is disabled the calibration time is reduced from approximately 720 μs to approximately 150 μs. The blanking interval between each frequency hop is then approximately 240 us. There is a trade off between blanking time and memory space needed for storing calibration data in non-volatile memory. Solution 2) above gives the shortest blanking interval, but requires more memory space to store calibration values. Solution 3) gives approximately 570 μs smaller blanking interval than solution 1). Note that the recommended settings for TEST0.VCO_SEL_CAL_EN will change with frequency. This means that one should always use SmartRF® Studio [7] to get the correct settings for a specific frequency before doing a calibration, regardless of which calibration method is being used. It must be noted that the TESTn registers (n = 0, 1, or 2) content is not retained in SLEEP state, and thus it is necessary to re-write these registers when returning from the SLEEP state. 32.3 Wideband Modulation not Using Spread Spectrum Digital modulation systems under FFC part 15.247 includes 2-FSK and GFSK modulation. A maximum peak output power of 1W (+30 dBm) is allowed if the 6 dB bandwidth of the modulated signal exceeds 500 kHz. In addition, the peak power spectral density conducted to the antenna shall not be greater than +8 dBm in any 3 kHz band. Operating at high data rates and frequency separation, the CC1100 is suited for systems targeting compliance with digital modulation system as defined by FFC part 15.247. An external power amplifier is needed to increase the output above +10 dBm. 32.4 Data Burst Transmissions The high maximum data rate of CC1100 opens up for burst transmissions. A low average data rate link (e.g. 10 kBaud), can be realized using a higher over-the-air data rate. Buffering the data and transmitting in bursts at high data rate (e.g. 500 kBaud) will reduce the time in active mode, and hence also reduce the average current consumption significantly. Reducing the time in active mode will reduce the likelihood of collisions with other systems in the same frequency range. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 59 of 92 32.5 Continuous Transmissions In data streaming applications the CC1100 opens up for continuous transmissions at 500 kBaud effective data rate. As the modulation is done with a closed loop PLL, there is no limitation in the length of a transmission (open loop modulation used in some transceivers often prevents this kind of continuous data streaming and reduces the effective data rate). 32.6 Crystal Drift Compensation The CC1100 has a very fine frequency resolution (see Table 9). This feature can be used to compensate for frequency offset and drift. The frequency offset between an ‘external’ transmitter and the receiver is measured in the CC1100 and can be read back from the FREQEST status register as described in Section 14.1. The measured frequency offset can be used to calibrate the frequency using the ‘external’ transmitter as the reference. That is, the received signal of the device will match the receiver’s channel filter better. In the same way the centre frequency of the transmitted signal will match the ‘external’ transmitter’s signal. 32.7 Spectrum Efficient Modulation CC1100 also has the possibility to use Gaussian shaped 2-FSK (GFSK). This spectrum-shaping feature improves adjacent channel power (ACP) and occupied bandwidth. In ‘true’ 2-FSK systems with abrupt frequency shifting, the spectrum is inherently broad. By making the frequency shift ‘softer’, the spectrum can be made significantly narrower. Thus, higher data rates can be transmitted in the same bandwidth using GFSK. 32.8 Low Cost Systems As the CC1100 provides 500 kBaud multichannel performance without any external filters, a very low cost system can be made. A differential antenna will eliminate the need for a balun, and the DC biasing can be achieved in the antenna topology, see Figure 3 and Figure 4. A HC-49 type SMD crystal is used in the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). Note that the crystal package strongly influences the price. In a size constrained PCB design a smaller, but more expensive, crystal may be used. 32.9 Battery Operated Systems In low power applications, the SLEEP state with the crystal oscillator core switched off should be used when the CC1100 is not active. It is possible to leave the crystal oscillator core running in the SLEEP state if start-up time is critical. The WOR functionality should be used in low power applications. 32.10 Increasing Output Power In some applications it may be necessary to extend the link range. Adding an external power amplifier is the most effective way of doing this. The power amplifier should be inserted between the antenna and the balun, and two T/R switches are needed to disconnect the PA in RX mode. See Figure 30. Figure 30: Block Diagram of CC1100 Usage with External Power Amplifier Balun CC1100 Filter Antenna T/R switch T/R switch PA CC1100 SWRS038D Page 60 of 92 33 Configuration Registers The configuration of CC1100 is done by programming 8-bit registers. The optimum configuration data based on selected system parameters are most easily found by using the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. Complete descriptions of the registers are given in the following tables. After chip reset, all the registers have default values as shown in the tables. The optimum register setting might differ from the default value. After a reset all registers that shall be different from the default value therefore needs to be programmed through the SPI interface. There are 13 command strobe registers, listed in Table 35. Accessing these registers will initiate the change of an internal state or mode. There are 47 normal 8-bit configuration registers, listed in Table 36. Many of these registers are for test purposes only, and need not be written for normal operation of CC1100. There are also 12 Status registers, which are listed in Table 37. These registers, which are read-only, contain information about the status of CC1100. The two FIFOs are accessed through one 8-bit register. Write operations write to the TX FIFO, while read operations read from the RX FIFO. During the header byte transfer and while writing data to a register or the TX FIFO, a status byte is returned on the SO line. This status byte is described in Table 17 on page 26. Table 38 summarizes the SPI address space. The address to use is given by adding the base address to the left and the burst and read/write bits on the top. Note that the burst bit has different meaning for base addresses above and below 0x2F. Address Strobe Name Description 0x30 SRES Reset chip. 0x31 SFSTXON Enable and calibrate frequency synthesizer (if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1). If in RX (with CCA): Go to a wait state where only the synthesizer is running (for quick RX / TX turnaround). 0x32 SXOFF Turn off crystal oscillator. 0x33 SCAL Calibrate frequency synthesizer and turn it off. SCAL can be strobed from IDLE mode without setting manual calibration mode (MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=0) 0x34 SRX Enable RX. Perform calibration first if coming from IDLE and MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1. 0x35 STX In IDLE state: Enable TX. Perform calibration first if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1. If in RX state and CCA is enabled: Only go to TX if channel is clear. 0x36 SIDLE Exit RX / TX, turn off frequency synthesizer and exit Wake-On-Radio mode if applicable. 0x38 SWOR Start automatic RX polling sequence (Wake-on-Radio) as described in Section 19.5 if WORCTRL.RC_PD=0. 0x39 SPWD Enter power down mode when CSn goes high. 0x3A SFRX Flush the RX FIFO buffer. Only issue SFRX in IDLE or, RXFIFO_OVERFLOW states. 0x3B SFTX Flush the TX FIFO buffer. Only issue SFTX in IDLE or TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW states. 0x3C SWORRST Reset real time clock to Event1 value. 0x3D SNOP No operation. May be used to get access to the chip status byte. Table 35: Command Strobes CC1100 SWRS038D Page 61 of 92 Address Register Description Preserved in SLEEP State Details on Page Number 0x00 IOCFG2 GDO2 output pin configuration Yes 64 0x01 IOCFG1 GDO1 output pin configuration Yes 64 0x02 IOCFG0 GDO0 output pin configuration Yes 64 0x03 FIFOTHR RX FIFO and TX FIFO thresholds Yes 65 0x04 SYNC1 Sync word, high byte Yes 65 0x05 SYNC0 Sync word, low byte Yes 65 0x06 PKTLEN Packet length Yes 65 0x07 PKTCTRL1 Packet automation control Yes 66 0x08 PKTCTRL0 Packet automation control Yes 67 0x09 ADDR Device address Yes 67 0x0A CHANNR Channel number Yes 67 0x0B FSCTRL1 Frequency synthesizer control Yes 68 0x0C FSCTRL0 Frequency synthesizer control Yes 68 0x0D FREQ2 Frequency control word, high byte Yes 68 0x0E FREQ1 Frequency control word, middle byte Yes 68 0x0F FREQ0 Frequency control word, low byte Yes 68 0x10 MDMCFG4 Modem configuration Yes 69 0x11 MDMCFG3 Modem configuration Yes 69 0x12 MDMCFG2 Modem configuration Yes 70 0x13 MDMCFG1 Modem configuration Yes 71 0x14 MDMCFG0 Modem configuration Yes 71 0x15 DEVIATN Modem deviation setting Yes 72 0x16 MCSM2 Main Radio Control State Machine configuration Yes 73 0x17 MCSM1 Main Radio Control State Machine configuration Yes 74 0x18 MCSM0 Main Radio Control State Machine configuration Yes 75 0x19 FOCCFG Frequency Offset Compensation configuration Yes 76 0x1A BSCFG Bit Synchronization configuration Yes 77 0x1B AGCTRL2 AGC control Yes 78 0x1C AGCTRL1 AGC control Yes 79 0x1D AGCTRL0 AGC control Yes 80 0x1E WOREVT1 High byte Event 0 timeout Yes 80 0x1F WOREVT0 Low byte Event 0 timeout Yes 81 0x20 WORCTRL Wake On Radio control Yes 81 0x21 FREND1 Front end RX configuration Yes 82 0x22 FREND0 Front end TX configuration Yes 82 0x23 FSCAL3 Frequency synthesizer calibration Yes 82 0x24 FSCAL2 Frequency synthesizer calibration Yes 83 0x25 FSCAL1 Frequency synthesizer calibration Yes 83 0x26 FSCAL0 Frequency synthesizer calibration Yes 83 0x27 RCCTRL1 RC oscillator configuration Yes 83 0x28 RCCTRL0 RC oscillator configuration Yes 83 0x29 FSTEST Frequency synthesizer calibration control No 84 0x2A PTEST Production test No 84 0x2B AGCTEST AGC test No 84 0x2C TEST2 Various test settings No 84 0x2D TEST1 Various test settings No 84 0x2E TEST0 Various test settings No 84 Table 36: Configuration Registers Overview CC1100 SWRS038D Page 62 of 92 Address Register Description Details on page number 0x30 (0xF0) PARTNUM Part number for CC1100 85 0x31 (0xF1) VERSION Current version number 85 0x32 (0xF2) FREQEST Frequency Offset Estimate 85 0x33 (0xF3) LQI Demodulator estimate for Link Quality 85 0x34 (0xF4) RSSI Received signal strength indication 85 0x35 (0xF5) MARCSTATE Control state machine state 86 0x36 (0xF6) WORTIME1 High byte of WOR timer 86 0x37 (0xF7) WORTIME0 Low byte of WOR timer 86 0x38 (0xF8) PKTSTATUS Current GDOx status and packet status 87 0x39 (0xF9) VCO_VC_DAC Current setting from PLL calibration module 87 0x3A (0xFA) TXBYTES Underflow and number of bytes in the TX FIFO 87 0x3B (0xFB) RXBYTES Overflow and number of bytes in the RX FIFO 87 0x3C (0xFC) RCCTRL1_STATUS Last RC oscillator calibration result 87 0x3D (0xFD) RCCTRL0_STATUS Last RC oscillator calibration result 88 Table 37: Status Registers Overview CC1100 SWRS038D Page 63 of 92 Write Read Single Byte Burst Single Byte Burst +0x00 +0x40 +0x80 +0xC0 0x00 IOCFG2 0x01 IOCFG1 0x02 IOCFG0 0x03 FIFOTHR 0x04 SYNC1 0x05 SYNC0 0x06 PKTLEN 0x07 PKTCTRL1 0x08 PKTCTRL0 0x09 ADDR 0x0A CHANNR 0x0B FSCTRL1 0x0C FSCTRL0 0x0D FREQ2 0x0E FREQ1 0x0F FREQ0 0x10 MDMCFG4 0x11 MDMCFG3 0x12 MDMCFG2 0x13 MDMCFG1 0x14 MDMCFG0 0x15 DEVIATN 0x16 MCSM2 0x17 MCSM1 0x18 MCSM0 0x19 FOCCFG 0x1A BSCFG 0x1B AGCCTRL2 0x1C AGCCTRL1 0x1D AGCCTRL0 0x1E WOREVT1 0x1F WOREVT0 0x20 WORCTRL 0x21 FREND1 0x22 FREND0 0x23 FSCAL3 0x24 FSCAL2 0x25 FSCAL1 0x26 FSCAL0 0x27 RCCTRL1 0x28 RCCTRL0 0x29 FSTEST 0x2A PTEST 0x2B AGCTEST 0x2C TEST2 0x2D TEST1 0x2E TEST0 0x2F R/W configuration registers, burst access possible 0x30 SRES SRES PARTNUM 0x31 SFSTXON SFSTXON VERSION 0x32 SXOFF SXOFF FREQEST 0x33 SCAL SCAL LQI 0x34 SRX SRX RSSI 0x35 STX STX MARCSTATE 0x36 SIDLE SIDLE WORTIME1 0x37 WORTIME0 0x38 SWOR SWOR PKTSTATUS 0x39 SPWD SPWD VCO_VC_DAC 0x3A SFRX SFRX TXBYTES 0x3B SFTX SFTX RXBYTES 0x3C SWORRST SWORRST RCCTRL1_STATUS 0x3D SNOP SNOP RCCTRL0_STATUS 0x3E PATABLE PATABLE PATABLE PATABLE 0x3F TX FIFO TX FIFO RX FIFO RX FIFO Command Strobes, Status registers (read only) and multi byte registers Table 38: SPI Address Space CC1100 SWRS038D Page 64 of 92 33.1 Configuration Register Details – Registers with preserved values in SLEEP state 0x00: IOCFG2 – GDO2 Output Pin Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6 GDO2_INV 0 R/W Invert output, i.e. select active low (1) / high (0) 5:0 GDO2_CFG[5:0] 41 (0x29) R/W Default is CHP_RDYn (See Table 34 on page 56). 0x01: IOCFG1 – GDO1 Output Pin Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 GDO_DS 0 R/W Set high (1) or low (0) output drive strength on the GDO pins. 6 GDO1_INV 0 R/W Invert output, i.e. select active low (1) / high (0) 5:0 GDO1_CFG[5:0] 46 (0x2E) R/W Default is 3-state (See Table 34 on page 56). 0x02: IOCFG0 – GDO0 Output Pin Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 TEMP_SENSOR_ENABLE 0 R/W Enable analog temperature sensor. Write 0 in all other register bits when using temperature sensor. 6 GDO0_INV 0 R/W Invert output, i.e. select active low (1) / high (0) 5:0 GDO0_CFG[5:0] 63 (0x3F) R/W Default is CLK_XOSC/192 (See Table 34 on page 56). It is recommended to disable the clock output in initialization, in order to optimize RF performance. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 65 of 92 0x03: FIFOTHR – RX FIFO and TX FIFO Thresholds Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:4 Reserved 0 R/W Write 0 for compatibility with possible future extensions 3:0 FIFO_THR[3:0] 7 (0111) R/W Set the threshold for the TX FIFO and RX FIFO. The threshold is exceeded when the number of bytes in the FIFO is equal to or higher than the threshold value. Setting Bytes in TX FIFO Bytes in RX FIFO 0 (0000) 61 4 1 (0001) 57 8 2 (0010) 53 12 3 (0011) 49 16 4 (0100) 45 20 5 (0101) 41 24 6 (0110) 37 28 7 (0111) 33 32 8 (1000) 29 36 9 (1001) 25 40 10 (1010) 21 44 11 (1011) 17 48 12 (1100) 13 52 13 (1101) 9 56 14 (1110) 5 60 15 (1111) 1 64 0x04: SYNC1 – Sync Word, High Byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 SYNC[15:8] 211 (0xD3) R/W 8 MSB of 16-bit sync word 0x05: SYNC0 – Sync Word, Low Byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 SYNC[7:0] 145 (0x91) R/W 8 LSB of 16-bit sync word 0x06: PKTLEN – Packet Length Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 PACKET_LENGTH 255 (0xFF) R/W Indicates the packet length when fixed packet length mode is enabled. If variable packet length mode is used, this value indicates the maximum packet length allowed. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 66 of 92 0x07: PKTCTRL1 – Packet Automation Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:5 PQT[2:0] 0 (0x00) R/W Preamble quality estimator threshold. The preamble quality estimator increases an internal counter by one each time a bit is received that is different from the previous bit, and decreases the counter by 8 each time a bit is received that is the same as the last bit. A threshold of 4·PQT for this counter is used to gate sync word detection. When PQT=0 a sync word is always accepted. 4 Reserved 0 R0 3 CRC_AUTOFLUSH 0 R/W Enable automatic flush of RX FIFO when CRC in not OK. This requires that only one packet is in the RXIFIFO and that packet length is limited to the RX FIFO size. 2 APPEND_STATUS 1 R/W When enabled, two status bytes will be appended to the payload of the packet. The status bytes contain RSSI and LQI values, as well as CRC OK. 1:0 ADR_CHK[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Controls address check configuration of received packages. Setting Address check configuration 0 (00) No address check 1 (01) Address check, no broadcast 2 (10) Address check and 0 (0x00) broadcast 3 (11) Address check and 0 (0x00) and 255 (0xFF) broadcast CC1100 SWRS038D Page 67 of 92 0x08: PKTCTRL0 – Packet Automation Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6 WHITE_DATA 1 R/W Turn data whitening on / off 0: Whitening off 1: Whitening on 5:4 PKT_FORMAT[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Format of RX and TX data Setting Packet format 0 (00) Normal mode, use FIFOs for RX and TX 1 (01) Synchronous serial mode, used for backwards compatibility. Data in on GDO0 2 (10) Random TX mode; sends random data using PN9 generator. Used for test. Works as normal mode, setting 0 (00), in RX. 3 (11) Asynchronous serial mode. Data in on GDO0 and Data out on either of the GDO0 pins 3 Reserved 0 R0 2 CRC_EN 1 R/W 1: CRC calculation in TX and CRC check in RX enabled 0: CRC disabled for TX and RX 1:0 LENGTH_CONFIG[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Configure the packet length Setting Packet length configuration 0 (00) Fixed packet length mode. Length configured in PKTLEN register 1 (01) Variable packet length mode. Packet length configured by the first byte after sync word 2 (10) Infinite packet length mode 3 (11) Reserved 0x09: ADDR – Device Address Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 DEVICE_ADDR[7:0] 0 (0x00) R/W Address used for packet filtration. Optional broadcast addresses are 0 (0x00) and 255 (0xFF). 0x0A: CHANNR – Channel Number Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 CHAN[7:0] 0 (0x00) R/W The 8-bit unsigned channel number, which is multiplied by the channel spacing setting and added to the base frequency. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 68 of 92 0x0B: FSCTRL1 – Frequency Synthesizer Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:5 Reserved R0 4:0 FREQ_IF[4:0] 15 (0x0F) R/W The desired IF frequency to employ in RX. Subtracted from FS base frequency in RX and controls the digital complex mixer in the demodulator. f f XOSC FREQ IF IF _ 210 = ⋅ The default value gives an IF frequency of 381kHz, assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal. 0x0C: FSCTRL0 – Frequency Synthesizer Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FREQOFF[7:0] 0 (0x00) R/W Frequency offset added to the base frequency before being used by the frequency synthesizer. (2s-complement). Resolution is FXTAL/214 (1.59kHz-1.65kHz); range is ±202 kHz to ±210 kHz, dependent of XTAL frequency. 0x0D: FREQ2 – Frequency Control Word, High Byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 FREQ[23:22] 0 (00) R FREQ[23:22] is always 0 (the FREQ2 register is less than 36 with 26-27 MHz crystal) 5:0 FREQ[21:16] 30 (0x1E) R/W FREQ[23:22] is the base frequency for the frequency synthesiser in increments of FXOSC/216. [23 : 0] 216 f f XOSC FREQ carrier = ⋅ 0x0E: FREQ1 – Frequency Control Word, Middle Byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FREQ[15:8] 196 (0xC4) R/W Ref. FREQ2 register 0x0F: FREQ0 – Frequency Control Word, Low Byte Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FREQ[7:0] 236 (0xEC) R/W Ref. FREQ2 register CC1100 SWRS038D Page 69 of 92 0x10: MDMCFG4 – Modem Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 CHANBW_E[1:0] 2 (0x02) R/W 5:4 CHANBW_M[1:0] 0 (0x00) R/W Sets the decimation ratio for the delta-sigma ADC input stream and thus the channel bandwidth. CHANBW E XOSC channel CHANBW M BW f 8 ⋅ (4 + _ )·2 _ = The default values give 203 kHz channel filter bandwidth, assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal. 3:0 DRATE_E[3:0] 12 (0x0C) R/W The exponent of the user specified symbol rate 0x11: MDMCFG3 – Modem Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 DRATE_M[7:0] 34 (0x22) R/W The mantissa of the user specified symbol rate. The symbol rate is configured using an unsigned, floating-point number with 9-bit mantissa and 4-bit exponent. The 9th bit is a hidden ‘1’. The resulting data rate is: ( ) XOSC DRATE E DATA R = + DRATE M ⋅ ⋅ f 28 _ 2 256 _ 2 The default values give a data rate of 115.051 kBaud (closest setting to 115.2 kBaud), assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 70 of 92 0x12: MDMCFG2 – Modem Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 DEM_DCFILT_OFF 0 R/W Disable digital DC blocking filter before demodulator. 0 = Enable (better sensitivity) 1 = Disable (current optimized). Only for data rates ≤ 250 kBaud The recommended IF frequency changes when the DC blocking is disabled. Please use SmartRF® Studio [7] to calculate correct register setting. 6:4 MOD_FORMAT[2:0] 0 (000) R/W The modulation format of the radio signal Setting Modulation format 0 (000) 2-FSK 1 (001) GFSK 2 (010) - 3 (011) ASK/OOK 4 (100) - 5 (101) - 6 (110) - 7 (111) MSK ASK is only supported for output powers up to -1 dBm MSK is only supported for datarates above 26 kBaud 3 MANCHESTER_EN 0 R/W Enables Manchester encoding/decoding. 0 = Disable 1 = Enable 2:0 SYNC_MODE[2:0] 2 (010) R/W Combined sync-word qualifier mode. The values 0 (000) and 4 (100) disables preamble and sync word transmission in TX and preamble and sync word detection in RX. The values 1 (001), 2 (010), 5 (101) and 6 (110) enables 16-bit sync word transmission in TX and 16-bits sync word detection in RX. Only 15 of 16 bits need to match in RX when using setting 1 (001) or 5 (101). The values 3 (011) and 7 (111) enables repeated sync word transmission in TX and 32-bits sync word detection in RX (only 30 of 32 bits need to match). Setting Sync-word qualifier mode 0 (000) No preamble/sync 1 (001) 15/16 sync word bits detected 2 (010) 16/16 sync word bits detected 3 (011) 30/32 sync word bits detected 4 (100) No preamble/sync, carrier-sense above threshold 5 (101) 15/16 + carrier-sense above threshold 6 (110) 16/16 + carrier-sense above threshold 7 (111) 30/32 + carrier-sense above threshold CC1100 SWRS038D Page 71 of 92 0x13: MDMCFG1– Modem Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 FEC_EN 0 R/W Enable Forward Error Correction (FEC) with interleaving for packet payload 0 = Disable 1 = Enable (Only supported for fixed packet length mode, i.e. PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0) 6:4 NUM_PREAMBLE[2:0] 2 (010) R/W Sets the minimum number of preamble bytes to be transmitted Setting Number of preamble bytes 0 (000) 2 1 (001) 3 2 (010) 4 3 (011) 6 4 (100) 8 5 (101) 12 6 (110) 16 7 (111) 24 3:2 Reserved R0 1:0 CHANSPC_E[1:0] 2 (10) R/W 2 bit exponent of channel spacing 0x14: MDMCFG0– Modem Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 CHANSPC_M[7:0] 248 (0xF8) R/W 8-bit mantissa of channel spacing. The channel spacing is multiplied by the channel number CHAN and added to the base frequency. It is unsigned and has the format: XOSC ( ) CHANSPC E CHANNEL f f CHANSPC M _ 18 256 _ 2 2 Δ = ⋅ + ⋅ The default values give 199.951 kHz channel spacing (the closest setting to 200 kHz), assuming 26.0 MHz crystal frequency. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 72 of 92 0x15: DEVIATN – Modem Deviation Setting Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6:4 DEVIATION_E[2:0] 4 (0x04) R/W Deviation exponent 3 Reserved R0 2:0 DEVIATION_M[2:0] 7 (111) R/W When MSK modulation is enabled: Sets fraction of symbol period used for phase change. Refer to the SmartRF® Studio software [7] for correct deviation setting when using MSK. When 2-FSK/GFSK modulation is enabled: Deviation mantissa, interpreted as a 4-bit value with MSB implicit 1. The resulting frequency deviation is given by: xosc DEVIATION E dev f f DEVIATION M _ 17 (8 _ ) 2 2 = ⋅ + ⋅ The default values give ±47.607 kHz deviation, assuming 26.0 MHz crystal frequency. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 73 of 92 0x16: MCSM2 – Main Radio Control State Machine Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:5 Reserved R0 Reserved 4 RX_TIME_RSSI 0 R/W Direct RX termination based on RSSI measurement (carrier sense). For ASK/OOK modulation, RX times out if there is no carrier sense in the first 8 symbol periods. 3 RX_TIME_QUAL 0 R/W When the RX_TIME timer expires, the chip checks if sync word is found when RX_TIME_QUAL=0, or either sync word is found or PQI is set when RX_TIME_QUAL=1. RX_TIME[2:0] 7 (111) R/W Timeout for sync word search in RX for both WOR mode and normal RX operation. The timeout is relative to the programmed EVENT0 timeout. 2:0 The RX timeout in μs is given by EVENT0·C(RX_TIME, WOR_RES) ·26/X, where C is given by the table below and X is the crystal oscillator frequency in MHz: Setting WOR_RES = 0 WOR_RES = 1 WOR_RES = 2 WOR_RES = 3 0 (000) 3.6058 18.0288 32.4519 46.8750 1 (001) 1.8029 9.0144 16.2260 23.4375 2 (010) 0.9014 4.5072 8.1130 11.7188 3 (011) 0.4507 2.2536 4.0565 5.8594 4 (100) 0.2254 1.1268 2.0282 2.9297 5 (101) 0.1127 0.5634 1.0141 1.4648 6 (110) 0.0563 0.2817 0.5071 0.7324 7 (111) Until end of packet As an example, EVENT0=34666, WOR_RES=0 and RX_TIME=6 corresponds to 1.96 ms RX timeout, 1 s polling interval and 0.195% duty cycle. Note that WOR_RES should be 0 or 1 when using WOR because using WOR_RES > 1 will give a very low duty cycle. In applications where WOR is not used all settings of WOR_RES can be used. The duty cycle using WOR is approximated by: Setting WOR_RES=0 WOR_RES=1 0 (000) 12.50% 1.95% 1 (001) 6.250% 9765ppm 2 (010) 3.125% 4883ppm 3 (011) 1.563% 2441ppm 4 (100) 0.781% NA 5 (101) 0.391% NA 6 (110) 0.195% NA 7 (111) NA Note that the RC oscillator must be enabled in order to use setting 0-6, because the timeout counts RC oscillator periods. WOR mode does not need to be enabled. The timeout counter resolution is limited: With RX_TIME=0, the timeout count is given by the 13 MSBs of EVENT0, decreasing to the 7MSBs of EVENT0 with RX_TIME=6. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 74 of 92 0x17: MCSM1– Main Radio Control State Machine Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 Reserved R0 5:4 CCA_MODE[1:0] 3 (11) R/W Selects CCA_MODE; Reflected in CCA signal Setting Clear channel indication 0 (00) Always 1 (01) If RSSI below threshold 2 (10) Unless currently receiving a packet 3 (11) If RSSI below threshold unless currently receiving a packet 3:2 RXOFF_MODE[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Select what should happen when a packet has been received Setting Next state after finishing packet reception 0 (00) IDLE 1 (01) FSTXON 2 (10) TX 3 (11) Stay in RX It is not possible to set RXOFF_MODE to be TX or FSTXON and at the same time use CCA. 1:0 TXOFF_MODE[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Select what should happen when a packet has been sent (TX) Setting Next state after finishing packet transmission 0 (00) IDLE 1 (01) FSTXON 2 (10) Stay in TX (start sending preamble) 3 (11) RX CC1100 SWRS038D Page 75 of 92 0x18: MCSM0– Main Radio Control State Machine Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 Reserved R0 5:4 FS_AUTOCAL[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Automatically calibrate when going to RX or TX, or back to IDLE Setting When to perform automatic calibration 0 (00) Never (manually calibrate using SCAL strobe) 1 (01) When going from IDLE to RX or TX (or FSTXON) 2 (10) When going from RX or TX back to IDLE automatically 3 (11) Every 4th time when going from RX or TX to IDLE automatically In some automatic wake-on-radio (WOR) applications, using setting 3 (11) can significantly reduce current consumption. 3:2 PO_TIMEOUT 1 (01) R/W Programs the number of times the six-bit ripple counter must expire after XOSC has stabilized before CHP_RDYn goes low. If XOSC is on (stable) during power-down, PO_TIMEOUT should be set so that the regulated digital supply voltage has time to stabilize before CHP_RDYn goes low (PO_TIMEOUT=2 recommended). Typical start-up time for the voltage regulator is 50 us. If XOSC is off during power-down and the regulated digital supply voltage has sufficient time to stabilize while waiting for the crystal to be stable, PO_TIMEOUT can be set to 0. For robust operation it is recommended to use PO_TIMEOUT=2. Setting Expire count Timeout after XOSC start 0 (00) 1 Approx. 2.3 – 2.4 μs 1 (01) 16 Approx. 37 – 39 μs 2 (10) 64 Approx. 149 – 155 μs 3 (11) 256 Approx. 597 – 620 μs Exact timeout depends on crystal frequency. 1 PIN_CTRL_EN 0 R/W Enables the pin radio control option 0 XOSC_FORCE_ON 0 R/W Force the XOSC to stay on in the SLEEP state. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 76 of 92 0x19: FOCCFG – Frequency Offset Compensation Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 Reserved R0 5 FOC_BS_CS_GATE 1 R/W If set, the demodulator freezes the frequency offset compensation and clock recovery feedback loops until the CS signal goes high. 4:3 FOC_PRE_K[1:0] 2 (10) R/W The frequency compensation loop gain to be used before a sync word is detected. Setting Freq. compensation loop gain before sync word 0 (00) K 1 (01) 2K 2 (10) 3K 3 (11) 4K 2 FOC_POST_K 1 R/W The frequency compensation loop gain to be used after a sync word is detected. Setting Freq. compensation loop gain after sync word 0 Same as FOC_PRE_K 1 K/2 1:0 FOC_LIMIT[1:0] 2 (10) R/W The saturation point for the frequency offset compensation algorithm: Setting Saturation point (max compensated offset) 0 (00) ±0 (no frequency offset compensation) 1 (01) ±BWCHAN/8 2 (10) ±BWCHAN/4 3 (11) ±BWCHAN/2 Frequency offset compensation is not supported for ASK/OOK; Always use FOC_LIMIT=0 with these modulation formats. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 77 of 92 0x1A: BSCFG – Bit Synchronization Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 BS_PRE_KI[1:0] 1 (01) R/W The clock recovery feedback loop integral gain to be used before a sync word is detected (used to correct offsets in data rate): Setting Clock recovery loop integral gain before sync word 0 (00) KI 1 (01) 2KI 2 (10) 3KI 3 (11) 4 KI 5:4 BS_PRE_KP[1:0] 2 (10) R/W The clock recovery feedback loop proportional gain to be used before a sync word is detected. Setting Clock recovery loop proportional gain before sync word 0 (00) KP 1 (01) 2KP 2 (10) 3KP 3 (11) 4KP 3 BS_POST_KI 1 R/W The clock recovery feedback loop integral gain to be used after a sync word is detected. Setting Clock recovery loop integral gain after sync word 0 Same as BS_PRE_KI 1 KI /2 2 BS_POST_KP 1 R/W The clock recovery feedback loop proportional gain to be used after a sync word is detected. Setting Clock recovery loop proportional gain after sync word 0 Same as BS_PRE_KP 1 KP 1:0 BS_LIMIT[1:0] 0 (00) R/W The saturation point for the data rate offset compensation algorithm: Setting Data rate offset saturation (max data rate difference) 0 (00) ±0 (No data rate offset compensation performed) 1 (01) ±3.125% data rate offset 2 (10) ±6.25% data rate offset 3 (11) ±12.5% data rate offset CC1100 SWRS038D Page 78 of 92 0x1B: AGCCTRL2 – AGC Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 MAX_DVGA_GAIN[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Reduces the maximum allowable DVGA gain. Setting Allowable DVGA settings 0 (00) All gain settings can be used 1 (01) The highest gain setting can not be used 2 (10) The 2 highest gain settings can not be used 3 (11) The 3 highest gain settings can not be used 5:3 MAX_LNA_GAIN[2:0] 0 (000) R/W Sets the maximum allowable LNA + LNA 2 gain relative to the maximum possible gain. Setting Maximum allowable LNA + LNA 2 gain 0 (000) Maximum possible LNA + LNA 2 gain 1 (001) Approx. 2.6 dB below maximum possible gain 2 (010) Approx. 6.1 dB below maximum possible gain 3 (011) Approx. 7.4 dB below maximum possible gain 4 (100) Approx. 9.2 dB below maximum possible gain 5 (101) Approx. 11.5 dB below maximum possible gain 6 (110) Approx. 14.6 dB below maximum possible gain 7 (111) Approx. 17.1 dB below maximum possible gain 2:0 MAGN_TARGET[2:0] 3 (011) R/W These bits set the target value for the averaged amplitude from the digital channel filter (1 LSB = 0 dB). Setting Target amplitude from channel filter 0 (000) 24 dB 1 (001) 27 dB 2 (010) 30 dB 3 (011) 33 dB 4 (100) 36 dB 5 (101) 38 dB 6 (110) 40 dB 7 (111) 42 dB CC1100 SWRS038D Page 79 of 92 0x1C: AGCCTRL1 – AGC Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6 AGC_LNA_PRIORITY 1 R/W Selects between two different strategies for LNA and LNA 2 gain adjustment. When 1, the LNA gain is decreased first. When 0, the LNA 2 gain is decreased to minimum before decreasing LNA gain. 5:4 CARRIER_SENSE_REL_THR[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Sets the relative change threshold for asserting carrier sense Setting Carrier sense relative threshold 0 (00) Relative carrier sense threshold disabled 1 (01) 6 dB increase in RSSI value 2 (10) 10 dB increase in RSSI value 3 (11) 14 dB increase in RSSI value 3:0 CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR[3:0] 0 (0000) R/W Sets the absolute RSSI threshold for asserting carrier sense. The 2-complement signed threshold is programmed in steps of 1 dB and is relative to the MAGN_TARGET setting. Setting Carrier sense absolute threshold (Equal to channel filter amplitude when AGC has not decreased gain) -8 (1000) Absolute carrier sense threshold disabled -7 (1001) 7 dB below MAGN_TARGET setting … … -1 (1111) 1 dB below MAGN_TARGET setting 0 (0000) At MAGN_TARGET setting 1 (0001) 1 dB above MAGN_TARGET setting … … 7 (0111) 7 dB above MAGN_TARGET setting CC1100 SWRS038D Page 80 of 92 0x1D: AGCCTRL0 – AGC Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 HYST_LEVEL[1:0] 2 (10) R/W Sets the level of hysteresis on the magnitude deviation (internal AGC signal that determine gain changes). Setting Description 0 (00) No hysteresis, small symmetric dead zone, high gain 1 (01) Low hysteresis, small asymmetric dead zone, medium gain 2 (10) Medium hysteresis, medium asymmetric dead zone, medium gain 3 (11) Large hysteresis, large asymmetric dead zone, low gain 5:4 WAIT_TIME[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Sets the number of channel filter samples from a gain adjustment has been made until the AGC algorithm starts accumulating new samples. Setting Channel filter samples 0 (00) 8 1 (01) 16 2 (10) 24 3 (11) 32 3:2 AGC_FREEZE[1:0] 0 (00) R/W Control when the AGC gain should be frozen. Setting Function 0 (00) Normal operation. Always adjust gain when required. 1 (01) The gain setting is frozen when a sync word has been found. 2 (10) Manually freeze the analogue gain setting and continue to adjust the digital gain. 3 (11) Manually freezes both the analogue and the digital gain setting. Used for manually overriding the gain. 1:0 FILTER_LENGTH[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Sets the averaging length for the amplitude from the channel filter. Sets the OOK/ASK decision boundary for OOK/ASK reception. Setting Channel filter samples OOK decision 0 (00) 8 4 dB 1 (01) 16 8 dB 2 (10) 32 12 dB 3 (11) 64 16 dB 0x1E: WOREVT1 – High Byte Event0 Timeout Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 EVENT0[15:8] 135 (0x87) R/W High byte of EVENT0 timeout register WOR RES XOSC Event EVENT f t 5 _ 0 = 750 ⋅ 0⋅ 2 ⋅ CC1100 SWRS038D Page 81 of 92 0x1F: WOREVT0 –Low Byte Event0 Timeout Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 EVENT0[7:0] 107 (0x6B) R/W Low byte of EVENT0 timeout register. The default EVENT0 value gives 1.0s timeout, assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal. 0x20: WORCTRL – Wake On Radio Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 RC_PD 1 R/W Power down signal to RC oscillator. When written to 0, automatic initial calibration will be performed 6:4 EVENT1[2:0] 7 (111) R/W Timeout setting from register block. Decoded to Event 1 timeout. RC oscillator clock frequency equals FXOSC/750, which is 34.7 – 36 kHz, depending on crystal frequency. The table below lists the number of clock periods after Event 0 before Event 1 times out. Setting tEvent1 0 (000) 4 (0.111 – 0.115 ms) 1 (001) 6 (0.167 – 0.173 ms) 2 (010) 8 (0.222 – 0.230 ms) 3 (011) 12 (0.333 – 0.346 ms) 4 (100) 16 (0.444 – 0.462 ms) 5 (101) 24 (0.667 – 0.692 ms) 6 (110) 32 (0.889 – 0.923 ms) 7 (111) 48 (1.333 – 1.385 ms) 3 RC_CAL 1 R/W Enables (1) or disables (0) the RC oscillator calibration. 2 Reserved R0 1:0 WOR_RES 0 (00) R/W Controls the Event 0 resolution as well as maximum timeout of the WOR module and maximum timeout under normal RX operation:: Setting Resolution (1 LSB) Max timeout 0 (00) 1 period (28μs – 29μs) 1.8 – 1.9 seconds 1 (01) 25 periods (0.89ms –0.92 ms) 58 – 61 seconds 2 (10) 210 periods (28 – 30 ms) 31 – 32 minutes 3 (11) 215 periods (0.91 – 0.94 s) 16.5 – 17.2 hours Note that WOR_RES should be 0 or 1 when using WOR because WOR_RES > 1 will give a very low duty cycle. In normal RX operation all settings of WOR_RES can be used. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 82 of 92 0x21: FREND1 – Front End RX Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 LNA_CURRENT[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Adjusts front-end LNA PTAT current output 5:4 LNA2MIX_CURRENT[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Adjusts front-end PTAT outputs 3:2 LODIV_BUF_CURRENT_RX[1:0] 1 (01) R/W Adjusts current in RX LO buffer (LO input to mixer) 1:0 MIX_CURRENT[1:0] 2 (10) R/W Adjusts current in mixer 0x22: FREND0 – Front End TX Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 Reserved R0 5:4 LODIV_BUF_CURRENT_TX[1:0] 1 (0x01) R/W Adjusts current TX LO buffer (input to PA). The value to use in this field is given by the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. 3 Reserved R0 2:0 PA_POWER[2:0] 0 (0x00) R/W Selects PA power setting. This value is an index to the PATABLE, which can be programmed with up to 8 different PA settings. In OOK/ASK mode, this selects the PATABLE index to use when transmitting a ‘1’. PATABLE index zero is used in OOK/ASK when transmitting a ‘0’. The PATABLE settings from index ‘0’ to the PA_POWER value are used for ASK TX shaping, and for power ramp-up/ramp-down at the start/end of transmission in all TX modulation formats. 0x23: FSCAL3 – Frequency Synthesizer Calibration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 FSCAL3[7:6] 2 (0x02) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration configuration. The value to write in this field before calibration is given by the SmartRF® Studio software. 5:4 CHP_CURR_CAL_EN[1:0] 2 (0x02) R/W Enable charge pump calibration stage when 1 3:0 FSCAL3[3:0] 9 (1001) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Digital bit vector defining the charge pump output current, on an exponential scale: IOUT = I0·2FSCAL3[3:0]/4 Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating upfront for each frequency and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values. Between each frequency hop, calibration can be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 83 of 92 0x24: FSCAL2 – Frequency Synthesizer Calibration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 Reserved R0 5 VCO_CORE_H_EN 0 R/W Choose high (1) / low (0) VCO 4:0 FSCAL2[4:0] 10 (0x0A) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. VCO current calibration result and override value Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating upfront for each frequency and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values. Between each frequency hop, calibration can be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. 0x25: FSCAL1 – Frequency Synthesizer Calibration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:6 Reserved R0 5:0 FSCAL1[5:0] 32 (0x20) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Capacitor array setting for VCO coarse tuning. Fast frequency hopping without calibration for each hop can be done by calibrating upfront for each frequency and saving the resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values. Between each frequency hop, calibration can be replaced by writing the FSCAL3, FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values corresponding to the next RF frequency. 0x26: FSCAL0 – Frequency Synthesizer Calibration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6:0 FSCAL0[6:0] 13 (0x0D) R/W Frequency synthesizer calibration control. The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. 0x27: RCCTRL1 – RC Oscillator Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved 0 R0 6:0 RCCTRL1[6:0] 65 (0x41) R/W RC oscillator configuration. 0x28: RCCTRL0 – RC Oscillator Configuration Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved 0 R0 6:0 RCCTRL0[6:0] 0 (0x00) R/W RC oscillator configuration. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 84 of 92 33.2 Configuration Register Details – Registers that Lose Programming in SLEEP State 0x29: FSTEST – Frequency Synthesizer Calibration Control Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FSTEST[7:0] 89 (0x59) R/W For test only. Do not write to this register. 0x2A: PTEST – Production Test Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 PTEST[7:0] 127 (0x7F) R/W Writing 0xBF to this register makes the on-chip temperature sensor available in the IDLE state. The default 0x7F value should then be written back before leaving the IDLE state. Other use of this register is for test only. 0x2B: AGCTEST – AGC Test Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 AGCTEST[7:0] 63 (0x3F) R/W For test only. Do not write to this register. 0x2C: TEST2 – Various Test Settings Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TEST2[7:0] 136 (0x88) R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. 0x2D: TEST1 – Various Test Settings Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TEST1[7:0] 49 (0x31) R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. 0x2E: TEST0 – Various Test Settings Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:2 TEST0[7:2] 2 (0x02) R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. 1 VCO_SEL_CAL_EN 1 R/W Enable VCO selection calibration stage when 1 0 TEST0[0] 1 R/W The value to use in this register is given by the SmartRF® Studio software [7]. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 85 of 92 33.3 Status Register Details 0x30 (0xF0): PARTNUM – Chip ID Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 PARTNUM[7:0] 0 (0x00) R Chip part number 0x31 (0xF1): VERSION – Chip ID Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 VERSION[7:0] 3 (0x03) R Chip version number. 0x32 (0xF2): FREQEST – Frequency Offset Estimate from Demodulator Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 FREQOFF_EST R The estimated frequency offset (2’s complement) of the carrier. Resolution is FXTAL/214 (1.59 - 1.65 kHz); range is ±202 kHz to ±210 kHz, dependent of XTAL frequency. Frequency offset compensation is only supported for 2-FSK, GFSK, and MSK modulation. This register will read 0 when using ASK or OOK modulation. 0x33 (0xF3): LQI – Demodulator Estimate for Link Quality Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 CRC OK R The last CRC comparison matched. Cleared when entering/restarting RX mode. 6:0 LQI_EST[6:0] R The Link Quality Indicator estimates how easily a received signal can be demodulated. Calculated over the 64 symbols following the sync word 0x34 (0xF4): RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indication Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 RSSI R Received signal strength indicator CC1100 SWRS038D Page 86 of 92 0x35 (0xF5): MARCSTATE – Main Radio Control State Machine State Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:5 Reserved R0 4:0 MARC_STATE[4:0] R Main Radio Control FSM State Value State name State (Figure 16, page 42) 0 (0x00) SLEEP SLEEP 1 (0x01) IDLE IDLE 2 (0x02) XOFF XOFF 3 (0x03) VCOON_MC MANCAL 4 (0x04) REGON_MC MANCAL 5 (0x05) MANCAL MANCAL 6 (0x06) VCOON FS_WAKEUP 7 (0x07) REGON FS_WAKEUP 8 (0x08) STARTCAL CALIBRATE 9 (0x09) BWBOOST SETTLING 10 (0x0A) FS_LOCK SETTLING 11 (0x0B) IFADCON SETTLING 12 (0x0C) ENDCAL CALIBRATE 13 (0x0D) RX RX 14 (0x0E) RX_END RX 15 (0x0F) RX_RST RX 16 (0x10) TXRX_SWITCH TXRX_SETTLING 17 (0x11) RXFIFO_OVERFLOW RXFIFO_OVERFLOW 18 (0x12) FSTXON FSTXON 19 (0x13) TX TX 20 (0x14) TX_END TX 21 (0x15) RXTX_SWITCH RXTX_SETTLING 22 (0x16) TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW Note: it is not possible to read back the SLEEP or XOFF state numbers because setting CSn low will make the chip enter the IDLE mode from the SLEEP or XOFF states. 0x36 (0xF6): WORTIME1 – High Byte of WOR Time Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TIME[15:8] R High byte of timer value in WOR module 0x37 (0xF7): WORTIME0 – Low Byte of WOR Time Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 TIME[7:0] R Low byte of timer value in WOR module CC1100 SWRS038D Page 87 of 92 0x38 (0xF8): PKTSTATUS – Current GDOx Status and Packet Status Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 CRC_OK R The last CRC comparison matched. Cleared when entering/restarting RX mode. 6 CS R Carrier sense 5 PQT_REACHED R Preamble Quality reached 4 CCA R Channel is clear 3 SFD R Sync word found 2 GDO2 R Current GDO2 value. Note: the reading gives the non-inverted value irrespective of what IOCFG2.GDO2_INV is programmed to. It is not recommended to check for PLL lock by reading PKTSTATUS[2] with GDO2_CFG=0x0A. 1 Reserved R0 0 GDO0 R Current GDO0 value. Note: the reading gives the non-inverted value irrespective of what IOCFG0.GDO0_INV is programmed to. It is not recommended to check for PLL lock by reading PKTSTATUS[0] with GDO0_CFG=0x0A. 0x39 (0xF9): VCO_VC_DAC – Current Setting from PLL Calibration Module Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7:0 VCO_VC_DAC[7:0] R Status register for test only. 0x3A (0xFA): TXBYTES – Underflow and Number of Bytes Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW R 6:0 NUM_TXBYTES R Number of bytes in TX FIFO 0x3B (0xFB): RXBYTES – Overflow and Number of Bytes Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 RXFIFO_OVERFLOW R 6:0 NUM_RXBYTES R Number of bytes in RX FIFO 0x3C (0xFC): RCCTRL1_STATUS – Last RC Oscillator Calibration Result Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6:0 RCCTRL1_STATUS[6:0] R Contains the value from the last run of the RC oscillator calibration routine. For usage description refer to AN047 [4] CC1100 SWRS038D Page 88 of 92 0x3D (0xFC): RCCTRL0_STATUS – Last RC Oscillator Calibration Result Bit Field Name Reset R/W Description 7 Reserved R0 6:0 RCCTRL0_STATUS[6:0] R Contains the value from the last run of the RC oscillator calibration routine. For usage description refer to Aplication Note AN047 [4]. 34 Package Description (QLP 20) 34.1 Recommended PCB Layout for Package (QLP 20) Figure 31: Recommended PCB Layout for QLP 20 Package Note: Figure 31 is an illustration only and not to scale. There are five 10 mil via holes distributed symmetrically in the ground pad under the package. See also the CC1100EM reference designs ([5] and [6]). 34.2 Soldering Information The recommendations for lead-free reflow in IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 should be followed. CC1100 SWRS038D Page 89 of 92 35 Ordering Information Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) CC1100RTKR NRND QLP RTK 20 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Cu NiPdAu LEVEL3-260C 1 YEAR CC1100RTK NRND QLP RTK 20 92 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Cu NiPdAu LEVEL3-260C 1 YEAR Table 39: Ordering Information CC1100 SWRS038D Page 90 of 92 36 References [1] CC1100 Errata Notes (swrz012.pdf) [2] AN001 SRD Regulations for Licence Free Transceiver Operation (swra090.pdf) [3] AN039 Using the CC1100 in the European 433 and 868 MHz ISM Bands (swra054.pdf) [4] AN047 CC1100/CC2500 – Wake-On-Radio (swra126.pdf) [5] CC1100EM 315 - 433 MHz Reference Design 1.0 (swrr037.zip) [6] CC1100EM 868 – 915 MHz Reference Design 2.0 (swrr038.zip) [7] SmartRF® Studio (swrc046.zip) [8] CC1100 CC2500 Examples Libraries (swrc021.zip) [9] CC1100/CC1150DK, CC1101DK, and CC2500/CC2550DK Examples and Libraries User Manual (swru109.pdf) CC1100 SWRS038D Page 91 of 92 37 General Information 37.1 Document History Revision Date Description/Changes SWRS038D 2009-05-26 Updated packet and ordering information. Removed Product Status Definition, Address Information and TI World Wide Support section. Removed Low-Cost from datasheet title. SWRS038C 2008-05-22 Added product information on front page SWRS038B 2007-07-09 Added info to ordering information Changes in the General Principle of Matrix Interleaving figure. Changes in Table: Bill Of Materials for the Application Circuit Changes in Figure: Typical Application and Evaluation Circuit 868/915 MHz Changed the equation for channel spacing in the MDMCFG0 register. kbps replaced by kBaud throughout the document. Some of the sections have been re-written to be easier to read without having any new info added. Absolute maximum supply voltage rating increased from 3.6 V to 3.9 V. Changed the frequency accuracy after calibration for the low power RC oscillator from ±0.3 to ±1 %. Updates to sensitivity and current consumption numbers listed under Key Features. FSK changed to 2-FSK throughout the document. Updates to the Abbreviation table. Updates to the Electrical Specifications section. Added info about RX and TX latency. Added info in the Pinout Overview table regarding GDO0 and GDO2. Changed current consumption in RX and TX in the simplified state diagram. Added info about default values after reset vs. optimum register settings in the Configuration Software section Changes to the SPI Interface Timing Requirements. Info added about tsp,pd The following figures have been changed: Configuration Registers Write and Read Operations, SRES Command Strobe, and Register Access Types. In the Register Access section, the address range is changed. In the PATABLE Access section, info is added regarding limitations on output power programming when using PA ramping. In the Packet Format section, preamble pattern is changed to 10101010 and info about bug related to turning off the transmitter in infinite packet length mode is added. Added info to the Frequency Offset Compensation section. Added info about the initial value of the PN9 sequence in the Data Whitening section. In the Packet Handling in Transmit Mode section, info about TX FIFO underflow state is added. Added section Packet Handling in Firmware. 0x00 is added as a valid PATABLE setting in addition to 0x30-0x3F when using ASK. In the PQT section a change is made as to how much the counter decreases. The RSSI value is in dBm and not dB. The whole CS Absolute Threshold section has been re-written and the equation calculating the threshold has been removed. Added info in the CCA section on what happens if the channel is not clear. Added info to the LQI section for better understanding. Removed all references to the voltage regulator in relation with the CHP_RDYn signal, as this signal is only related to the crystal. Removed references to the voltage regulator in the figures: Power-On Reset and Power-On Reset with SRES. Changes to the SI line in the Power-On Reset with SRES figure Added info on the three automatic calibration options. Removed the autosync feature from the WOR section and added info on how to exit WOR mode. Also added info about minimum sleep time and references to App. Note 047 together with info about calibration of the RC oscillator. The figure: Event 0 and Event 1 Relationship is changed for better readability. Info added to the Timing section related to reduced calibration time. The Output Power Programming section is divided into 2 new sections; Output Power Programming and Shaping and PA Ramping. Added info on programming of PATABLE when using OOK, and about PATABLE when entering SLEEP mode. 2 new figures added to the Shaping and PA Ramping section: Shaping of ASK Signal and PA Ramping, together with one new table: PATABLE Settings Used Together with ASK Shaping and PA Ramping. Changed made to current consumption in the Optimum PATABLE Settings for Various Output Power Levels and Frequency Bands table. Added section Layout Recommendations. In section General Purpose / Test Output Control Pins: Added info on GDO pins in SLEEP CC1100 SWRS038D Page 92 of 92 Revision Date Description/Changes state. Better explanation of some of the signals in the GDOx Signal Selection table. Also added some more signals. Asynchronous transparent mode is called asynchronous serial mode throughout the document. Removed comments about having to use NRZ coding in synchronous serial mode. Added info that Manschester encoding cannot be used in this mode. Added a third calibration method plus additional info about the 3 methods in the Frequency Hopping and Multi-Channel Systems section. Added info about differential antenna in the Low Cost Systems section. Changes number of commands strobes from 14 to 13. Changed description of SFRX, SFTX, SWORRST, and SNOP in the Command Strobes table. Added two new registers; RCCTRL1_STATUS and RCCTRL0_STATUS Changed field name and/or description of the following registers: PKTCTRL1, MCSM2, MCSM0, WORCTRL, FSCAL3, FSCAL2, FSCAL1, and TEST0. Changed tray width in the Tray Specification table. Added references. SWRS038A 2006-06-20 Updates to Electrical Specifications due to increased amount of measurement data. Updated application circuit for 868 MHz. Updated balun component values. Updated current consumption figures in state diagrams. Added figures to table on SPI interface timing requirements. Added information about SPI read. Added table for channel filter bandwidths. Added figure showing data whitening. Updates to text and included new figure in section on arbitrary length configuration. References to SAFC strobe removed. Added additional information about support of ASK modulation. Added information about CRC filtering. Added information about sync word qualifier. Added information on RSSI offset, RSSI update rate, RSSI calculation and typical RSSI curves. Added information on CS and tables with register settings versus CS threshold. Updates to text and included new figures in section on power-on start-up sequence. Changes to wake-on-radio current consumption figures under electrical specifications. Updates to text in section on data FIFO. Corrected formula for calculation of output frequency in Frequency Programming section. Added information about how to check for PLL lock in section on VCO. Corrected table with PATABLE setting versus output power. Added typical selectivity curves for selected datarates. Added information on how to interface external clock signal. Added optimal match impedances in RF match section. Better explanation of some of the signals in table of GDO signal selection. Also added some more signals. Added information on system considerations. Added CRC_AUTOFLUSH option in PCTRL1 register. Added information on timeout for sync word search in RX in register MCSM2. Changes to wake-on-radio control register WORCTRL. WOR_RES[1:0] settings 10 b and 11b changed to NA. Added more detailed information on PO_TIMEOUT in register MCSM0. Added description of programming bits in registers FOCCFG, BSCFG, AGCCTRL2, AGCCTRL1, AGCCTRL0, FREND1, FSCAL3. 1.0 2005-04-25 First preliminary Data Sheet release Table 40: Document History PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-Apr-2014 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish (6) MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) Samples CC1100-RTR1 NRND VQFN RTK 20 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 CC1100 CC1100-RTY1 NRND VQFN RTK 20 92 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 CC1100 CC1100RTK NRND VQFN RTK 20 92 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 CC1100 CC1100RTKG3 NRND VQFN RTK 20 92 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 CC1100 CC1100RTKR NRND VQFN RTK 20 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 CC1100 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-Apr-2014 Addendum-Page 2 (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant CC1100RTKR VQFN RTK 20 3000 330.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 15-Jan-2014 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) CC1100RTKR VQFN RTK 20 3000 338.1 338.1 20.6 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 15-Jan-2014 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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I Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©1988–2012 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. FEATURES Converts an ac voltage waveform to a dc voltage and then converts to the true rms, average rectified, or absolute value 200 mV rms full-scale input range (larger inputs with input attenuator) High input impedance: 1012 Ω Low input bias current: 25 pA maximum High accuracy: ±0.3 mV ± 0.3% of reading RMS conversion with signal crest factors up to 5 Wide power supply range: +2.8 V, −3.2 V to ±16.5 V Low power: 200 μA maximum supply current Buffered voltage output No external trims needed for specified accuracy Related device: the AD737—features a power-down control with standby current of only 25 μA; the dc output voltage is negative and the output impedance is 8 kΩ GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD736 is a low power, precision, monolithic true rms-to-dc converter. It is laser trimmed to provide a maximum error of ±0.3 mV ± 0.3% of reading with sine wave inputs. Furthermore, it maintains high accuracy while measuring a wide range of input waveforms, including variable duty-cycle pulses and triac (phase)-controlled sine waves. The low cost and small size of this converter make it suitable for upgrading the performance of non-rms precision rectifiers in many applications. Compared to these circuits, the AD736 offers higher accuracy at an equal or lower cost. The AD736 can compute the rms value of both ac and dc input voltages. It can also be operated as an ac-coupled device by adding one external capacitor. In this mode, the AD736 can resolve input signal levels of 100 μV rms or less, despite variations in temperature or supply voltage. High accuracy is also maintained for input waveforms with crest factors of 1 to 3. In addition, crest factors as high as 5 can be measured (introducing only 2.5% additional error) at the 200 mV full-scale input level. The AD736 has its own output buffer amplifier, thereby pro-viding a great deal of design flexibility. Requiring only 200 μA of power supply current, the AD736 is optimized for use in portable multimeters and other battery-powered applications. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM CC8kΩ–VSCAVCOMVINCAVOUTFULL WAVERECTIFIERRMSCORE8kΩCF(OPT)CFBIASSECTION+VS00834-001 Figure 1. The AD736 allows the choice of two signal input terminals: a high impedance FET input (1012 Ω) that directly interfaces with High-Z input attenuators and a low impedance input (8 kΩ) that allows the measurement of 300 mV input levels while operating from the minimum power supply voltage of +2.8 V, −3.2 V. The two inputs can be used either single ended or differentially. The AD736 has a 1% reading error bandwidth that exceeds 10 kHz for the input amplitudes from 20 mV rms to 200 mV rms while consuming only 1 mW. The AD736 is available in four performance grades. The AD736J and AD736K grades are rated over the 0°C to +70°C and −20°C to +85°C commercial temperature ranges. The AD736A and AD736B grades are rated over the −40°C to +85°C industrial temperature range. The AD736 is available in three low cost, 8-lead packages: PDIP, SOIC, and CERDIP. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS 1. The AD736 is capable of computing the average rectified value, absolute value, or true rms value of various input signals. 2. Only one external component, an averaging capacitor, is required for the AD736 to perform true rms measurement. 3. The low power consumption of 1 mW makes the AD736 suitable for many battery-powered applications. 4. A high input impedance of 1012 Ω eliminates the need for an external buffer when interfacing with input attenuators. 5. A low impedance input is available for those applications that require an input signal up to 300 mV rms operating from low power supply voltages. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 Low Supply-Voltage Range: 1.8 V to 3.6 V Ultralow Power Consumption − Active Mode: 330 μA at 1 MHz, 2.2 V − Standby Mode: 1.1 μA − Off Mode (RAM Retention): 0.2 μA Five Power-Saving Modes Wake-Up From Standby Mode in Less Than 6 μs 16-Bit RISC Architecture, 125-ns Instruction Cycle Time Three-Channel Internal DMA 12-Bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter With Internal Reference, Sample-and-Hold, and Autoscan Feature Dual 12-Bit Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Converters With Synchronization 16-Bit Timer_A With Three Capture/Compare Registers 16-Bit Timer_B With Three or Seven Capture/Compare-With-Shadow Registers On-Chip Comparator Serial Communication Interface (USART0), Functions as Asynchronous UART or Synchronous SPI or I2CTM Interface Serial Communication Interface (USART1), Functions as Asynchronous UART or Synchronous SPI Interface Supply Voltage Supervisor/Monitor With Programmable Level Detection Brownout Detector Bootstrap Loader I2C is a registered trademark of Philips Incorporated. Serial Onboard Programming, No External Programming Voltage Needed, Programmable Code Protection by Security Fuse Family Members Include − MSP430F155 16KB+256B Flash Memory 512B RAM − MSP430F156 24KB+256B Flash Memory 1KB RAM − MSP430F157 32KB+256B Flash Memory, 1KB RAM − MSP430F167 32KB+256B Flash Memory, 1KB RAM − MSP430F168 48KB+256B Flash Memory, 2KB RAM − MSP430F169 60KB+256B Flash Memory, 2KB RAM − MSP430F1610 32KB+256B Flash Memory 5KB RAM − MSP430F1611 48KB+256B Flash Memory 10KB RAM − MSP430F1612 55KB+256B Flash Memory 5KB RAM Available in 64-Pin QFP Package (PM) and 64-Pin QFN Package (RTD) For Complete Module Descriptions, See the MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide, Literature Number SLAU049 description The Texas Instruments MSP430 family of ultralow power microcontrollers consist of several devices featuring different sets of peripherals targeted for various applications. The architecture, combined with five low power modes is optimized to achieve extended battery life in portable measurement applications. The device features a powerful 16-bit RISC CPU, 16-bit registers, and constant generators that contribute to maximum code efficiency. The digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) allows wake-up from low-power modes to active mode in less than 6 μs. This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 description (continued) The MSP430F15x/16x/161x series are microcontroller configurations with two built-in 16-bit timers, a fast 12-bit A/D converter, dual 12-bit D/A converter, one or two universal serial synchronous/asynchronous communication interfaces (USART), I2C, DMA, and 48 I/O pins. In addition, the MSP430F161x series offers extended RAM addressing for memory-intensive applications and large C-stack requirements. Typical applications include sensor systems, industrial control applications, hand-held meters, etc. AVAILABLE OPTIONS T PACKAGED DEVICES TA PLASTIC 64-PIN QFP (PM) PLASTIC 64-PIN QFN (RTD) −40°C to 85°C MSP430F155IPM MSP430F156IPM MSP430F157IPM MSP430F167IPM MSP430F168IPM MSP430F169IPM MSP430F1610IPM MSP430F1611IPM MSP430F1612IPM MSP430F155IRTD MSP430F156IRTD MSP430F157IRTD MSP430F167IRTD MSP430F168IRTD MSP430F169IRTD MSP430F1610IRTD MSP430F1611IRTD MSP430F1612IRTD † For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. ‡ Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging. DEVELOPMENT TOOL SUPPORT All MSP430 microcontrollers include an Embedded Emulation Module (EEM) allowing advanced debugging and programming through easy to use development tools. Recommended hardware options include the following: Debugging and Programming Interface − MSP-FET430UIF (USB) − MSP-FET430PIF (Parallel Port) Debugging and Programming Interface with Target Board − MSP-FET430U64 (PM package) Standalone Target Board − MSP-TS430PM64 (PM package) Production Programmer − MSP-GANG430 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 pin designation, MSP430F155, MSP430F156, and MSP430F157 17 18 19 P5.4/MCLK P5.3 P5.2 P5.1 P5.0 P4.7/TBCLK P4.6 P4.5 P4.4 P4.3 P4.2/TB2 P4.1/TB1 P4.0/TB0 P3.7 P3.6 P3.5/URXD0 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DVCC P6.3/A3 P6.4/A4 P6.5/A5 P6.6/A6/DAC0 P6.7/A7/DAC1/SVSIN VREF+ XIN XOUT VeREF+ VREF−/VeREF− P1.0/TACLK P1.1/TA0 P1.2/TA1 P1.3/TA2 P1.4/SMCLK 21 22 23 24 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 25 26 27 28 29 53 52 51 50 49 30 31 32 PM, RTD PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) AVCC DVSS AVSS P6.2/A2 P6.1/A1 P6.0/A0 RST/NMI TCK TMS TDI/TCLK TDO/TDI XT2IN XT2OUT P5.7/TBOUTH/SVSOUT P5.6/ACLK P5.5/SMCLK P1.5/TA0 P1.6/TA1 P1.7/TA2 P2.0/ACLK P2.1/TAINCLK P2.2/CAOUT/TA0 P2.3/CA0/TA1 P2.4/CA1/TA2 P2.5/ROSC P2.6/ADC12CLK/DMAE0 P2.7/TA0 P3.0/STE0 P3.1/SIMO0/SDA P3.2/SOMI0 P3.3/UCLK0/SCL P3.4/UTXD0 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 pin designation, MSP430F167, MSP430F168, MSP430F169 17 18 19 P5.4/MCLK P5.3/UCLK1 P5.2/SOMI1 P5.1/SIMO1 P5.0/STE1 P4.7/TBCLK P4.6/TB6 P4.5/TB5 P4.4/TB4 P4.3/TB3 P4.2/TB2 P4.1/TB1 P4.0/TB0 P3.7/URXD1 P3.6/UTXD1 P3.5/URXD0 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DVCC P6.3/A3 P6.4/A4 P6.5/A5 P6.6/A6/DAC0 P6.7/A7/DAC1/SVSIN VREF+ XIN XOUT VeREF+ VREF−/VeREF− P1.0/TACLK P1.1/TA0 P1.2/TA1 P1.3/TA2 P1.4/SMCLK 21 22 23 24 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 25 26 27 28 29 53 52 51 50 49 30 31 32 PM, RTD PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) AVCC DVSS AVSS P6.2/A2 P6.1/A1 P6.0/A0 RST/NMI TCK TMS TDI/TCLK TDO/TDI XT2IN XT2OUT P5.7/TBOUTH/SVSOUT P5.6/ACLK P5.5/SMCLK P1.5/TA0 P1.6/TA1 P1.7/TA2 P2.0/ACLK P2.1/TAINCLK P2.2/CAOUT/TA0 P2.3/CA0/TA1 P2.4/CA1/TA2 P2.5/ROSC P2.6/ADC12CLK/DMAE0 P2.7/TA0 P3.0/STE0 P3.1/SIMO0/SDA P3.2/SOMI0 P3.3/UCLK0/SCL P3.4/UTXD0 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 pin designation, MSP430F1610, MSP430F1611, MSP430F1612 17 18 19 P5.4/MCLK P5.3/UCLK1 P5.2/SOMI1 P5.1/SIMO1 P5.0/STE1 P4.7/TBCLK P4.6/TB6 P4.5/TB5 P4.4/TB4 P4.3/TB3 P4.2/TB2 P4.1/TB1 P4.0/TB0 P3.7/URXD1 P3.6/UTXD1 P3.5/URXD0 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DVCC P6.3/A3 P6.4/A4 P6.5/A5 P6.6/A6/DAC0 P6.7/A7/DAC1/SVSIN VREF+ XIN XOUT VeREF+ VREF−/VeREF− P1.0/TACLK P1.1/TA0 P1.2/TA1 P1.3/TA2 P1.4/SMCLK 21 22 23 24 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 25 26 27 28 29 53 52 51 50 49 30 31 32 PM, RTD PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) AVCC DVSS AVSS P6.2/A2 P6.1/A1 P6.0/A0 RST/NMI TCK TMS TDI/TCLK TDO/TDI XT2IN XT2OUT P5.7/TBOUTH/SVSOUT P5.6/ACLK P5.5/SMCLK P1.5/TA0 P1.6/TA1 P1.7/TA2 P2.0/ACLK P2.1/TAINCLK P2.2/CAOUT/TA0 P2.3/CA0/TA1 P2.4/CA1/TA2 P2.5/ROSC P2.6/ADC12CLK/DMAE0 P2.7/TA0 P3.0/STE0 P3.1/SIMO0/SDA P3.2/SOMI0 P3.3/UCLK0/SCL P3.4/UTXD0 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 functional block diagram, MSP430F15x Oscillator ACLK SMCLK CPU Incl. 16 Reg. Bus Conv MCB XIN XOUT P2 P3 P4 XT2IN XT2OUT TMS TCK MDB, 16 Bit MAB, 16 Bit MCLK 4 TDI/TCLK TDO/TDI P5 P6 MAB, 4 Bit DVCC DVSS AVCC AVSS RST/NMI System Clock ROSC P1 32KB Flash 24KB Flash 16KB Flash 1KB RAM 1KB RAM 512B RAM ADC12 12-Bit 8 Channels <10μs Conv. DAC12 12-Bit 2 Channels Voltage out DMA Controller 3 Channels Watchdog Timer 15/16-Bit Timer_B3 3 CC Reg Shadow Reg Timer_A3 3 CC Reg Test JTAG Emulation Module I/O Port 1/2 16 I/Os, with Interrupt Capability I/O Port 3/4 16 I/Os POR SVS Brownout Comparator A USART0 UART Mode SPI Mode I2C Mode I/O Port 5/6 16 I/Os MDB, 16-Bit MDB, 8 Bit MAB, 16-Bit 8 8 8 8 8 8 functional block diagram, MSP430F16x Oscillator ACLK SMCLK CPU Incl. 16 Reg. Bus Conv MCB XIN XOUT P2 P3 P4 XT2IN XT2OUT TMS TCK MDB, 16 Bit MAB, 16 Bit MCLK 4 TDI/TCLK TDO/TDI P5 P6 MAB, 4 Bit DVCC DVSS AVCC AVSS RST/NMI System Clock ROSC P1 Hardware Multiplier MPY, MPYS MAC,MACS 60KB Flash 48KB Flash 32KB Flash 2KB RAM 2KB RAM 1KB RAM ADC12 12-Bit 8 Channels <10μs Conv. DAC12 12-Bit 2 Channels Voltage out DMA Controller 3 Channels Watchdog Timer 15/16-Bit Timer_B7 7 CC Reg Shadow Reg Timer_A3 3 CC Reg Test JTAG Emulation Module I/O Port 1/2 16 I/Os, with Interrupt Capability I/O Port 3/4 16 I/Os POR SVS Brownout Comparator A USART0 UART Mode SPI Mode I2C Mode USART1 UART Mode SPI Mode I/O Port 5/6 16 I/Os MDB, 16-Bit MDB, 8 Bit MAB, 16-Bit 8 8 8 8 8 8 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 functional block diagram, MSP430F161x Oscillator ACLK SMCLK CPU Incl. 16 Reg. Bus Conv MCB XIN XOUT P2 P3 P4 XT2IN XT2OUT TMS TCK MDB, 16 Bit MAB, 16 Bit MCLK 4 TDI/TCLK TDO/TDI P5 P6 MAB, 4 Bit DVCC DVSS AVCC AVSS RST/NMI System Clock ROSC P1 Hardware Multiplier MPY, MPYS MAC,MACS 55KB Flash 48KB Flash 32KB Flash 5KB RAM 10KB RAM 5KB RAM ADC12 12-Bit 8 Channels <10μs Conv. DAC12 12-Bit 2 Channels Voltage out DMA Controller 3 Channels Watchdog Timer 15/16-Bit Timer_B7 7 CC Reg Shadow Reg Timer_A3 3 CC Reg Test JTAG Emulation Module I/O Port 1/2 16 I/Os, with Interrupt Capability I/O Port 3/4 16 I/Os POR SVS Brownout Comparator A USART0 UART Mode SPI Mode I2C Mode USART1 UART Mode SPI Mode I/O Port 5/6 16 I/Os MDB, 16-Bit MDB, 8 Bit MAB, 16-Bit 8 8 8 8 8 8 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Terminal Functions TERMINAL DESCRIPTION NAME NO. I/O AVCC 64 Analog supply voltage, positive terminal. Supplies only the analog portion of ADC12 and DAC12. AVSS 62 Analog supply voltage, negative terminal. Supplies only the analog portion of ADC12 and DAC12. DVCC 1 Digital supply voltage, positive terminal. Supplies all digital parts. DVSS 63 Digital supply voltage, negative terminal. Supplies all digital parts. P1.0/TACLK 12 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, clock signal TACLK input P1.1/TA0 13 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, capture: CCI0A input, compare: Out0 output/BSL transmit P1.2/TA1 14 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, capture: CCI1A input, compare: Out1 output P1.3/TA2 15 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, capture: CCI2A input, compare: Out2 output P1.4/SMCLK 16 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/SMCLK signal output P1.5/TA0 17 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, compare: Out0 output P1.6/TA1 18 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, compare: Out1 output P1.7/TA2 19 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, compare: Out2 output P2.0/ACLK 20 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/ACLK output P2.1/TAINCLK 21 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, clock signal at INCLK P2.2/CAOUT/TA0 22 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, capture: CCI0B input/Comparator_A output/BSL receive P2.3/CA0/TA1 23 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, compare: Out1 output/Comparator_A input P2.4/CA1/TA2 24 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, compare: Out2 output/Comparator_A input P2.5/Rosc 25 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/input for external resistor defining the DCO nominal frequency P2.6/ADC12CLK/ DMAE0 26 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/conversion clock – 12-bit ADC/DMA channel 0 external trigger P2.7/TA0 27 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_A, compare: Out0 output P3.0/STE0 28 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/slave transmit enable – USART0/SPI mode P3.1/SIMO0/SDA 29 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/slave in/master out of USART0/SPI mode, I2C data − USART0/I2C mode P3.2/SOMI0 30 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/slave out/master in of USART0/SPI mode P3.3/UCLK0/SCL 31 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/external clock input − USART0/UART or SPI mode, clock output – USART0/SPI mode, I2C clock − USART0/I2C mode P3.4/UTXD0 32 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/transmit data out – USART0/UART mode P3.5/URXD0 33 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/receive data in – USART0/UART mode P3.6/UTXD1† 34 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/transmit data out – USART1/UART mode P3.7/URXD1† 35 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/receive data in – USART1/UART mode P4.0/TB0 36 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI0A/B input, compare: Out0 output P4.1/TB1 37 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI1A/B input, compare: Out1 output P4.2/TB2 38 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI2A/B input, compare: Out2 output P4.3/TB3† 39 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI3A/B input, compare: Out3 output P4.4/TB4† 40 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI4A/B input, compare: Out4 output P4.5/TB5† 41 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI5A/B input, compare: Out5 output P4.6/TB6† 42 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, capture: CCI6A input, compare: Out6 output P4.7/TBCLK 43 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/Timer_B, clock signal TBCLK input P5.0/STE1† 44 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/slave transmit enable – USART1/SPI mode P5.1/SIMO1† 45 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/slave in/master out of USART1/SPI mode P5.2/SOMI1† 46 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/slave out/master in of USART1/SPI mode P5.3/UCLK1† 47 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/external clock input – USART1/UART or SPI mode, clock output – USART1/SPI mode † 16x, 161x devices only MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 Terminal Functions (Continued) TERMINAL DESCRIPTION NAME NO. I/O P5.4/MCLK 48 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/main system clock MCLK output P5.5/SMCLK 49 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/submain system clock SMCLK output P5.6/ACLK 50 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/auxiliary clock ACLK output P5.7/TBOUTH/ SVSOUT 51 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/switch all PWM digital output ports to high impedance − Timer_B TB0 to TB6/SVS comparator output P6.0/A0 59 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a0 – 12-bit ADC P6.1/A1 60 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a1 – 12-bit ADC P6.2/A2 61 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a2 – 12-bit ADC P6.3/A3 2 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a3 – 12-bit ADC P6.4/A4 3 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a4 – 12-bit ADC P6.5/A5 4 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a5 – 12-bit ADC P6.6/A6/DAC0 5 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a6 – 12-bit ADC/DAC12.0 output P6.7/A7/DAC1/ SVSIN 6 I/O General-purpose digital I/O pin/analog input a7 – 12-bit ADC/DAC12.1 output/SVS input RST/NMI 58 I Reset input, nonmaskable interrupt input port, or bootstrap loader start (in Flash devices). TCK 57 I Test clock. TCK is the clock input port for device programming test and bootstrap loader start TDI/TCLK 55 I Test data input or test clock input. The device protection fuse is connected to TDI/TCLK. TDO/TDI 54 I/O Test data output port. TDO/TDI data output or programming data input terminal TMS 56 I Test mode select. TMS is used as an input port for device programming and test. VeREF+ 10 I Input for an external reference voltage VREF+ 7 O Output of positive terminal of the reference voltage in the ADC12 VREF−/VeREF− 11 I Negative terminal for the reference voltage for both sources, the internal reference voltage, or an external applied reference voltage XIN 8 I Input port for crystal oscillator XT1. Standard or watch crystals can be connected. XOUT 9 O Output terminal of crystal oscillator XT1 XT2IN 53 I Input port for crystal oscillator XT2. Only standard crystals can be connected. XT2OUT 52 O Output terminal of crystal oscillator XT2 QFN Pad NA NA QFN package pad connection to DVSS recommended (RTD package only) General-Purpose Register Program Counter Stack Pointer Status Register Constant Generator General-Purpose Register General-Purpose Register General-Purpose Register PC/R0 SP/R1 SR/CG1/R2 CG2/R3 R4 R5 R12 R13 General-Purpose Register General-Purpose Register R6 R7 General-Purpose Register General-Purpose Register R8 R9 General-Purpose Register General-Purpose Register R10 R11 General-Purpose Register General-Purpose Register R14 R15 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 short-form description CPU The MSP430 CPU has a 16-bit RISC architecture that is highly transparent to the application. All operations, other than program-flow instructions, are performed as register operations in conjunction with seven addressing modes for source operand and four addressing modes for destination operand. The CPU is integrated with 16 registers that provide reduced instruction execution time. The register-to-register operation execution time is one cycle of the CPU clock. Four of the registers, R0 to R3, are dedicated as program counter, stack pointer, status register, and constant generator, respectively. The remaining registers are general-purpose registers. Peripherals are connected to the CPU using data, address, and control buses, and can be handled with all instructions. instruction set The instruction set consists of 51 instructions with three formats and seven address modes. Each instruction can operate on word and byte data. Table 1 shows examples of the three types of instruction formats; Table 2 shows the address modes. Table 1. Instruction Word Formats Dual operands, source-destination e.g., ADD R4,R5 R4 + R5 −−−> R5 Single operands, destination only e.g., CALL R8 PC −−>(TOS), R8−−> PC Relative jump, un/conditional e.g., JNE Jump-on-equal bit = 0 Table 2. Address Mode Descriptions ADDRESS MODE S D SYNTAX EXAMPLE OPERATION Register MOV Rs,Rd MOV R10,R11 R10 −−> R11 Indexed MOV X(Rn),Y(Rm) MOV 2(R5),6(R6) M(2+R5)−−> M(6+R6) Symbolic (PC relative) MOV EDE,TONI M(EDE) −−> M(TONI) Absolute MOV &MEM,&TCDAT M(MEM) −−> M(TCDAT) Indirect MOV @Rn,Y(Rm) MOV @R10,Tab(R6) M(R10) −−> M(Tab+R6) Indirect autoincrement MOV @Rn+,Rm MOV @R10+,R11 M(R10) −−> R11 R10 + 2−−> R10 Immediate MOV #X,TONI MOV #45,TONI #45 −−> M(TONI) NOTE: S = source D = destination MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 operating modes The MSP430 has one active mode and five software selectable low-power modes of operation. An interrupt event can wake up the device from any of the five low-power modes, service the request, and restore back to the low-power mode on return from the interrupt program. The following six operating modes can be configured by software: Active mode AM − All clocks are active Low-power mode 0 (LPM0) − CPU is disabled − ACLK and SMCLK remain active. MCLK is disabled Low-power mode 1 (LPM1) − CPU is disabled − ACLK and SMCLK remain active. MCLK is disabled − DCO’s dc generator is disabled if DCO not used in active mode Low-power mode 2 (LPM2) − CPU is disabled − MCLK and SMCLK are disabled − DCO’s dc generator remains enabled − ACLK remains active Low-power mode 3 (LPM3) − CPU is disabled − MCLK and SMCLK are disabled − DCO’s dc generator is disabled − ACLK remains active Low-power mode 4 (LPM4) − CPU is disabled − ACLK is disabled − MCLK and SMCLK are disabled − DCO’s dc generator is disabled − Crystal oscillator is stopped MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 interrupt vector addresses The interrupt vectors and the power-up starting address are located in the address range 0FFFFh to 0FFE0h. The vector contains the 16-bit address of the appropriate interrupt-handler instruction sequence. INTERRUPT SOURCE INTERRUPT FLAG SYSTEM INTERRUPT WORD ADDRESS PRIORITY Power-up External Reset Watchdog Flash memory WDTIFG KEYV (see Note 1) Reset 0FFFEh 15, highest NMI Oscillator Fault Flash memory access violation NMIIFG (see Notes 1 and 3) OFIFG (see Notes 1 and 3) ACCVIFG (see Notes 1 and 3) (Non)maskable (Non)maskable (Non)maskable 0FFFCh 14 Timer_B7 (see Note 5) TBCCR0 CCIFG (see Note 2) Maskable 0FFFAh 13 Timer_B7 (see Note 5) TBCCR1 to TBCCR6 CCIFGs, TBIFG (see Notes 1 and 2) Maskable 0FFF8h 12 Comparator_A CAIFG Maskable 0FFF6h 11 Watchdog timer WDTIFG Maskable 0FFF4h 10 USART0 receive URXIFG0 Maskable 0FFF2h 9 USART0 transmit I2C transmit/receive/others UTXIFG0 I2CIFG (see Note 4) Maskable 0FFF0h 8 ADC12 ADC12IFG (see Notes 1 and 2) Maskable 0FFEEh 7 Timer_A3 TACCR0 CCIFG (see Note 2) Maskable 0FFECh 6 Timer_A3 TACCR1 and TACCR2 CCIFGs, TAIFG (see Notes 1 and 2) Maskable 0FFEAh 5 I/O port P1 (eight flags) P1IFG.0 to P1IFG.7 (see Notes 1 and 2) Maskable 0FFE8h 4 USART1 receive URXIFG1 Maskable 0FFE6h 3 USART1 transmit UTXIFG1 Maskable 0FFE4h 2 I/O port P2 (eight flags) P2IFG.0 to P2IFG.7 (see Notes 1 and 2) Maskable 0FFE2h 1 DAC12 DMA DAC12_0IFG, DAC12_1IFG DMA0IFG, DMA1IFG, DMA2IFG (see Notes 1 and 2) Maskable 0FFE0h 0, lowest NOTES: 1. Multiple source flags 2. Interrupt flags are located in the module. 3. (Non)maskable: the individual interrupt-enable bit can disable an interrupt event, but the general-interrupt enable cannot disable it. 4. I2C interrupt flags located in the module 5. Timer_B7 in MSP430F16x/161x family has 7 CCRs; Timer_B3 in MSP430F15x family has 3 CCRs; in Timer_B3 there are only interrupt flags TBCCR0, 1 and 2 CCIFGs and the interrupt-enable bits TBCCR0, 1 and 2 CCIEs. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 special function registers Most interrupt and module-enable bits are collected in the lowest address space. Special-function register bits not allocated to a functional purpose are not physically present in the device. This arrangement provides simple software access. interrupt enable 1 and 2 7 6 5 4 0 UTXIE0 OFIE WDTIE 3 2 1 rw-0 rw-0 rw-0 Address 0h URXIE0 ACCVIE NMIIE rw-0 rw-0 rw-0 WDTIE: Watchdog timer interrupt enable. Inactive if watchdog mode is selected. Active if watchdog timer is configured as general-purpose timer. OFIE: Oscillator fault interrupt enable NMIIE: Nonmaskable interrupt enable ACCVIE: Flash memory access violation interrupt enable URXIE0: USART0: UART and SPI receive-interrupt enable UTXIE0: USART0: UART and SPI transmit-interrupt enable 7 6 5 4 0 UTXIE1 3 2 1 rw-0 rw-0 Address 01h URXIE1 URXIE1†: USART1: UART and SPI receive interrupt enable UTXIE1†: USART1: UART and SPI transmit interrupt enable † URXIE1 and UTXIE1 are not present in MSP430F15x devices. interrupt flag register 1 and 2 7 6 5 4 0 UTXIFG0 OFIFG WDTIFG 3 2 1 rw-0 rw-1 rw-(0) Address 02h URXIFG0 NMIIFG rw-1 rw-0 WDTIFG: Set on watchdog-timer overflow (in watchdog mode) or security key violation Reset on VCC power-on, or a reset condition at the RST/NMI pin in reset mode OFIFG: Flag set on oscillator fault NMIIFG: Set via RST/NMI pin URXIFG0: USART0: UART and SPI receive flag UTXIFG0: USART0: UART and SPI transmit flag 7 6 5 4 0 UTXIFG1 3 2 1 rw-1 rw-0 Address 03h URXIFG1 URXIFG1‡: USART1: UART and SPI receive flag UTXIFG1‡: USART1: UART and SPI transmit flag ‡ URXIFG1 and UTXIFG1 are not present in MSP430F15x devices. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 module enable registers 1 and 2 7 6 5 4 0 UTXE0 3 2 1 rw-0 rw-0 Address 04h URXE0 USPIE0 URXE0: USART0: UART mode receive enable UTXE0: USART0: UART mode transmit enable USPIE0: USART0: SPI mode transmit and receive enable 7 6 5 4 0 UTXE1 3 2 1 rw-0 rw-0 Address 05h URXE1 USPIE1 URXE1†: USART1: UART mode receive enable UTXE1†: USART1: UART mode transmit enable USPIE1†: USART1: SPI mode transmit and receive enable † URXE1, UTXE1, and USPIE1 are not present in MSP430F15x devices. rw-0: Legend: rw: Bit Can Be Read and Written Bit Can Be Read and Written. It Is Reset by PUC. SFR Bit Not Present in Device MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 memory organization, MSP430F15x MSP430F155 MSP430F156 MSP430F157 Memory Main: interrupt vector Main: code memory Size Flash Flash 16KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 0C000h 24KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 0A000h 32KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 08000h Information memory Size Flash 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h Boot memory Size ROM 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h RAM Size 512B 03FFh − 0200h 1KB 05FFh − 0200h 1KB 05FFh − 0200h Peripherals 16-bit 8-bit 8-bit SFR 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h memory organization, MSP430F16x MSP430F167 MSP430F168 MSP430F169 Memory Main: interrupt vector Main: code memory Size Flash Flash 32KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 08000h 48KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 04000h 60KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 01100h Information memory Size Flash 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h Boot memory Size ROM 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h RAM Size 1KB 05FFh − 0200h 2KB 09FFh − 0200h 2KB 09FFh − 0200h Peripherals 16-bit 8-bit 8-bit SFR 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h memory organization, MSP430F161x MSP430F1610 MSP430F1611 MSP430F1612 Memory Main: interrupt vector Main: code memory Size Flash Flash 32KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 08000h 48KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 04000h 55KB 0FFFFh − 0FFE0h 0FFFFh − 02500h RAM (Total) Size 5KB 024FFh − 01100h 10KB 038FFh − 01100h 5KB 024FFh − 01100h Extended Size 3KB 024FFh − 01900h 8KB 038FFh − 01900h 3KB 024FFh − 01900h Mirrored Size 2KB 018FFh − 01100h 2KB 018FFh − 01100h 2KB 018FFh − 01100h Information memory Size Flash 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h 256 Byte 010FFh − 01000h Boot memory Size ROM 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h 1KB 0FFFh − 0C00h RAM (mirrored at 018FFh - 01100h) Size 2KB 09FFh − 0200h 2KB 09FFh − 0200h 2KB 09FFh − 0200h Peripherals 16-bit 8-bit 8-bit SFR 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h 01FFh − 0100h 0FFh − 010h 0Fh − 00h MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 bootstrap loader (BSL) The MSP430 bootstrap loader (BSL) enables users to program the flash memory or RAM using a UART serial interface. Access to the MSP430 memory via the BSL is protected by user-defined password. For complete description of the features of the BSL and its implementation, see the Application report Features of the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader, Literature Number SLAA089. BSL FUNCTION PM, RTD PACKAGE PINS Data Transmit 13 - P1.1 Data Receive 22 - P2.2 flash memory The flash memory can be programmed via the JTAG port, the bootstrap loader, or in-system by the CPU. The CPU can perform single-byte and single-word writes to the flash memory. Features of the flash memory include: Flash memory has n segments of main memory and two segments of information memory (A and B) of 128 bytes each. Each segment in main memory is 512 bytes in size. Segments 0 to n may be erased in one step, or each segment may be individually erased. Segments A and B can be erased individually, or as a group with segments 0 to n. Segments A and B are also called information memory. New devices may have some bytes programmed in the information memory (needed for test during manufacturing). The user should perform an erase of the information memory prior to the first use. Segment 0 w/ Interrupt Vectors Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment n-1 Segment n† Segment A Segment B Main Memory Info Memory 32KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 48KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 08400h 083FFh 08200h 081FFh 08000h 024FFh 01100h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h 04400h 043FFh 04200h 041FFh 04000h 038FFh 01100h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h RAM (’F161x only) 48KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 60KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 04400h 043FFh 04200h 041FFh 04000h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h 01400h 013FFh 01200h 011FFh 01100h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h 24KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 32KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 0A400h 0A3FFh 0A200h 0A1FFh 0A000h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h 08400h 083FFh 08200h 081FFh 08000h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h 16KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 0C400h 0C3FFh 0C200h 0C1FFh 0C000h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h MSP430F15x and MSP430F16x MSP430F161x 55KB 0FFFFh 0FE00h 0FDFFh 0FC00h 0FBFFh 0FA00h 0F9FFh 02800h 027FFh 02600h 025FFh 02500h 024FFh 01100h 010FFh 01080h 0107Fh 01000h † MSP430F169 and MSP430F1612 flash segment n = 256 bytes. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 peripherals Peripherals are connected to the CPU through data, address, and control busses and can be handled using all instructions. For complete module descriptions, see the MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide, literature number SLAU049. DMA controller The DMA controller allows movement of data from one memory address to another without CPU intervention. For example, the DMA controller can be used to move data from the ADC12 conversion memory to RAM. Using the DMA controller can increase the throughput of peripheral modules. The DMA controller reduces system power consumption by allowing the CPU to remain in sleep mode without having to awaken to move data to or from a peripheral. oscillator and system clock The clock system in the MSP430F15x and MSP430F16x(x) family of devices is supported by the basic clock module that includes support for a 32768-Hz watch crystal oscillator, an internal digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) and a high frequency crystal oscillator. The basic clock module is designed to meet the requirements of both low system cost and low-power consumption. The internal DCO provides a fast turn-on clock source and stabilizes in less than 6 μs. The basic clock module provides the following clock signals: Auxiliary clock (ACLK), sourced from a 32768-Hz watch crystal or a high frequency crystal. Main clock (MCLK), the system clock used by the CPU. Sub-Main clock (SMCLK), the sub-system clock used by the peripheral modules. brownout, supply voltage supervisor (SVS) The brownout circuit is implemented to provide the proper internal reset signal to the device during power on and power off. The supply voltage supervisor (SVS) circuitry detects if the supply voltage drops below a user selectable level and supports both supply voltage supervision (the device is automatically reset) and supply voltage monitoring (SVM, the device is not automatically reset). The CPU begins code execution after the brownout circuit releases the device reset. However, VCC may not have ramped to VCC(min) at that time. The user must insure the default DCO settings are not changed until VCC reaches VCC(min). If desired, the SVS circuit can be used to determine when VCC reaches VCC(min). digital I/O There are six 8-bit I/O ports implemented—ports P1 through P6: All individual I/O bits are independently programmable. Any combination of input, output, and interrupt conditions is possible. Edge-selectable interrupt input capability for all the eight bits of ports P1 and P2. Read/write access to port-control registers is supported by all instructions. watchdog timer The primary function of the watchdog timer (WDT) module is to perform a controlled system restart after a software problem occurs. If the selected time interval expires, a system reset is generated. If the watchdog function is not needed in an application, the module can be configured as an interval timer and can generate interrupts at selected time intervals. hardware multiplier (MSP430F16x/161x only) The multiplication operation is supported by a dedicated peripheral module. The module performs 1616, 168, 816, and 88 bit operations. The module is capable of supporting signed and unsigned multiplication as well as signed and unsigned multiply and accumulate operations. The result of an operation can be accessed immediately after the operands have been loaded into the peripheral registers. No additional clock cycles are required. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 18 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 USART0 The MSP430F15x and the MSP430F16x(x) have one hardware universal synchronous/asynchronous receive transmit (USART0) peripheral module that is used for serial data communication. The USART supports synchronous SPI (3 or 4 pin), asynchronous UART and I2C communication protocols using double-buffered transmit and receive channels. The I2C support is compliant with the Philips I2C specification version 2.1 and supports standard mode (up to 100 kbps) and fast mode (up to 400 kbps). In addition, 7-bit and 10-bit device addressing modes are supported, as well as master and slave modes. The USART0 also supports 16-bit-wide I2C data transfers and has two dedicated DMA channels to maximize bus throughput. Extensive interrupt capability is also given in the I2C mode. USART1 (MSP430F16x/161x only) The MSP430F16x(x) devices have a second hardware universal synchronous/asynchronous receive transmit (USART1) peripheral module that is used for serial data communication. The USART supports synchronous SPI (3 or 4 pin) and asynchronous UART communication protocols, using double-buffered transmit and receive channels. With the exception of I2C support, operation of USART1 is identical to USART0. Timer_A3 Timer_A3 is a 16-bit timer/counter with three capture/compare registers. Timer_A3 can support multiple capture/compares, PWM outputs, and interval timing. Timer_A3 also has extensive interrupt capabilities. Interrupts may be generated from the counter on overflow conditions and from each of the capture/compare registers. TIMER_A3 SIGNAL CONNECTIONS INPUT PIN NUMBER DEVICE INPUT SIGNAL MODULE INPUT NAME MODULE BLOCK MODULE OUTPUT SIGNAL OUTPUT PIN NUMBER 12 - P1.0 TACLK TACLK ACLK ACLK Timer NA SMCLK SMCLK 21 - P2.1 TAINCLK INCLK 13 - P1.1 TA0 CCI0A 13 - P1.1 22 - P2.2 TA0 CCI0B CCR0 TA0 17 - P1.5 DVSS GND 27 - P2.7 DVCC VCC 14 - P1.2 TA1 CCI1A 14 - P1.2 CAOUT (internal) CCI1B CCR1 TA1 18 - P1.6 DVSS GND 23 - P2.3 DVCC VCC ADC12 (internal) 15 - P1.3 TA2 CCI2A 15 - P1.3 ACLK (internal) CCI2B CCR2 TA2 19 - P1.7 DVSS GND 24 - P2.4 DVCC VCC Timer_B3 (MSP430F15x only) Timer_B3 is a 16-bit timer/counter with three capture/compare registers. Timer_B3 can support multiple capture/compares, PWM outputs, and interval timing. Timer_B3 also has extensive interrupt capabilities. Interrupts may be generated from the counter on overflow conditions and from each of the capture/compare registers. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 Timer_B7 (MSP430F16x/161x only) Timer_B7 is a 16-bit timer/counter with seven capture/compare registers. Timer_B7 can support multiple capture/compares, PWM outputs, and interval timing. Timer_B7 also has extensive interrupt capabilities. Interrupts may be generated from the counter on overflow conditions and from each of the capture/compare registers. TIMER_B3/B7 SIGNAL CONNECTIONS† INPUT PIN NUMBER DEVICE INPUT SIGNAL MODULE INPUT NAME MODULE BLOCK MODULE OUTPUT SIGNAL OUTPUT PIN NUMBER 43 - P4.7 TBCLK TBCLK ACLK ACLK Timer NA SMCLK SMCLK 43 - P4.7 TBCLK INCLK 36 - P4.0 TB0 CCI0A 36 - P4.0 36 - P4.0 TB0 CCI0B CCR0 TB0 ADC12 (internal) DVSS GND DVCC VCC 37 - P4.1 TB1 CCI1A 37 - P4.1 37 - P4.1 TB1 CCI1B CCR1 TB1 ADC12 (internal) DVSS GND DVCC VCC 38 - P4.2 TB2 CCI2A 38 - P4.2 38 - P4.2 TB2 CCI2B CCR2 TB2 DVSS GND DVCC VCC 39 - P4.3 TB3 CCI3A 39 - P4.3 39 - P4.3 TB3 CCI3B CCR3 TB3 DVSS GND DVCC VCC 40 - P4.4 TB4 CCI4A 40 - P4.4 40 - P4.4 TB4 CCI4B CCR4 TB4 DVSS GND DVCC VCC 41 - P4.5 TB5 CCI5A 41 - P4.5 41 - P4.5 TB5 CCI5B CCR5 TB5 DVSS GND DVCC VCC 42 - P4.6 TB6 CCI6A 42 - P4.6 ACLK (internal) CCI6B CCR6 TB6 DVSS GND DVCC VCC † Timer_B3 implements three capture/compare blocks (CCR0, CCR1 and CCR2 only). MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 20 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Comparator_A The primary function of the comparator_A module is to support precision slope analog−to−digital conversions, battery−voltage supervision, and monitoring of external analog signals. ADC12 The ADC12 module supports fast, 12-bit analog-to-digital conversions. The module implements a 12-bit SAR core, sample select control, reference generator and a 16 word conversion-and-control buffer. The conversion-and-control buffer allows up to 16 independent ADC samples to be converted and stored without any CPU intervention. DAC12 The DAC12 module is a 12-bit, R-ladder, voltage output DAC. The DAC12 may be used in 8- or 12-bit mode, and may be used in conjunction with the DMA controller. When multiple DAC12 modules are present, they may be grouped together for synchronous operation. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 21 peripheral file map PERIPHERAL FILE MAP DMA DMA channel 2 transfer size DMA2SZ 01F6h DMA channel 2 destination address DMA2DA 01F4h DMA channel 2 source address DMA2SA 01F2h DMA channel 2 control DMA2CTL 01F0h DMA channel 1 transfer size DMA1SZ 01EEh DMA channel 1 destination address DMA1DA 01ECh DMA channel 1 source address DMA1SA 01EAh DMA channel 1 control DMA1CTL 01E8h DMA channel 0 transfer size DMA0SZ 01E6h DMA channel 0 destination address DMA0DA 01E4h DMA channel 0 source address DMA0SA 01E2h DMA channel 0 control DMA0CTL 01E0h DMA module control 1 DMACTL1 0124h DMA module control 0 DMACTL0 0122h DAC12 DAC12_1 data DAC12_1DAT 01CAh DAC12_1 control DAC12_1CTL 01C2h DAC12_0 data DAC12_0DAT 01C8h DAC12_0 control DAC12_0CTL 01C0h ADC12 Interrupt-vector-word register ADC12IV 01A8h Inerrupt-enable register ADC12IE 01A6h Inerrupt-flag register ADC12IFG 01A4h Control register 1 ADC12CTL1 01A2h Control register 0 ADC12CTL0 01A0h Conversion memory 15 ADC12MEM15 015Eh Conversion memory 14 ADC12MEM14 015Ch Conversion memory 13 ADC12MEM13 015Ah Conversion memory 12 ADC12MEM12 0158h Conversion memory 11 ADC12MEM11 0156h Conversion memory 10 ADC12MEM10 0154h Conversion memory 9 ADC12MEM9 0152h Conversion memory 8 ADC12MEM8 0150h Conversion memory 7 ADC12MEM7 014Eh Conversion memory 6 ADC12MEM6 014Ch Conversion memory 5 ADC12MEM5 014Ah Conversion memory 4 ADC12MEM4 0148h Conversion memory 3 ADC12MEM3 0146h Conversion memory 2 ADC12MEM2 0144h Conversion memory 1 ADC12MEM1 0142h Conversion memory 0 ADC12MEM0 0140h MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 22 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 peripheral file map (continued) PERIPHERAL FILE MAP (CONTINUED) ADC12 ADC memory-control register15 ADC12MCTL15 08Fh (continued) ADC memory-control register14 ADC12MCTL14 08Eh ADC memory-control register13 ADC12MCTL13 08Dh ADC memory-control register12 ADC12MCTL12 08Ch ADC memory-control register11 ADC12MCTL11 08Bh ADC memory-control register10 ADC12MCTL10 08Ah ADC memory-control register9 ADC12MCTL9 089h ADC memory-control register8 ADC12MCTL8 088h ADC memory-control register7 ADC12MCTL7 087h ADC memory-control register6 ADC12MCTL6 086h ADC memory-control register5 ADC12MCTL5 085h ADC memory-control register4 ADC12MCTL4 084h ADC memory-control register3 ADC12MCTL3 083h ADC memory-control register2 ADC12MCTL2 082h ADC memory-control register1 ADC12MCTL1 081h ADC memory-control register0 ADC12MCTL0 080h Timer_B7/ Capture/compare register 6 TBCCR6 019Eh Timer_B3 (see Note 1) Capture/compare register 5 TBCCR5 019Ch Capture/compare register 4 TBCCR4 019Ah Capture/compare register 3 TBCCR3 0198h Capture/compare register 2 TBCCR2 0196h Capture/compare register 1 TBCCR1 0194h Capture/compare register 0 TBCCR0 0192h Timer_B register TBR 0190h Capture/compare control 6 TBCCTL6 018Eh Capture/compare control 5 TBCCTL5 018Ch Capture/compare control 4 TBCCTL4 018Ah Capture/compare control 3 TBCCTL3 0188h Capture/compare control 2 TBCCTL2 0186h Capture/compare control 1 TBCCTL1 0184h Capture/compare control 0 TBCCTL0 0182h Timer_B control TBCTL 0180h Timer_B interrupt vector TBIV 011Eh Timer_A3 Reserved 017Eh Reserved 017Ch Reserved 017Ah Reserved 0178h Capture/compare register 2 TACCR2 0176h Capture/compare register 1 TACCR1 0174h Capture/compare register 0 TACCR0 0172h Timer_A register TAR 0170h Reserved 016Eh Reserved 016Ch Reserved 016Ah Reserved 0168h NOTE 1: Timer_B7 in MSP430F16x/161x family has seven CCRs, Timer_B3 in MSP430F15x family has three CCRs. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 23 peripheral file map (continued) PERIPHERAL FILE MAP (CONTINUED) Timer_A3 Capture/compare control 2 TACCTL2 0166h (continued) Capture/compare control 1 TACCTL1 0164h Capture/compare control 0 TACCTL0 0162h Timer_A control TACTL 0160h Timer_A interrupt vector TAIV 012Eh Hardware Sum extend SUMEXT 013Eh Multiplier (MSP430F16x and Result high word RESHI 013Ch MSP430F161x Result low word RESLO 013Ah only) Second operand OP2 0138h Multiply signed +accumulate/operand1 MACS 0136h Multiply+accumulate/operand1 MAC 0134h Multiply signed/operand1 MPYS 0132h Multiply unsigned/operand1 MPY 0130h Flash Flash control 3 FCTL3 012Ch Flash control 2 FCTL2 012Ah Flash control 1 FCTL1 0128h Watchdog Watchdog Timer control WDTCTL 0120h USART1 Transmit buffer U1TXBUF 07Fh (MSP430F16x and MSP430F161x Receive buffer U1RXBUF 07Eh only) Baud rate U1BR1 07Dh Baud rate U1BR0 07Ch Modulation control U1MCTL 07Bh Receive control U1RCTL 07Ah Transmit control U1TCTL 079h USART control U1CTL 078h USART0 Transmit buffer U0TXBUF 077h (UART or SPI mode) Receive buffer U0RXBUF 076h Baud rate U0BR1 075h Baud rate U0BR0 074h Modulation control U0MCTL 073h Receive control U0RCTL 072h Transmit control U0TCTL 071h USART control U0CTL 070h USART0 2 I2C interrupt vector I2CIV 011Ch (I2C mode) I2C slave address I2CSA 011Ah I2C own address I2COA 0118h I2C data I2CDR 076h I2C SCLL I2CSCLL 075h I2C SCLH I2CSCLH 074h I2C PSC I2CPSC 073h I2C data control I2CDCTL 072h I2C transfer control I2CTCTL 071h USART control U0CTL 070h I2C data count I2CNDAT 052h I2C interrupt flag I2CIFG 051h I2C interrupt enable I2CIE 050h MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 24 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 peripheral file map (continued) PERIPHERAL FILE MAP (CONTINUED) Comparator_A Comparator_A port disable CAPD 05Bh Comparator_A control2 CACTL2 05Ah Comparator_A control1 CACTL1 059h Basic Clock Basic clock system control2 BCSCTL2 058h Basic clock system control1 BCSCTL1 057h DCO clock frequency control DCOCTL 056h BrownOUT, SVS SVS control register (reset by brownout signal) SVSCTL 055h Port P6 Port P6 selection P6SEL 037h Port P6 direction P6DIR 036h Port P6 output P6OUT 035h Port P6 input P6IN 034h Port P5 Port P5 selection P5SEL 033h Port P5 direction P5DIR 032h Port P5 output P5OUT 031h Port P5 input P5IN 030h Port P4 Port P4 selection P4SEL 01Fh Port P4 direction P4DIR 01Eh Port P4 output P4OUT 01Dh Port P4 input P4IN 01Ch Port P3 Port P3 selection P3SEL 01Bh Port P3 direction P3DIR 01Ah Port P3 output P3OUT 019h Port P3 input P3IN 018h Port P2 Port P2 selection P2SEL 02Eh Port P2 interrupt enable P2IE 02Dh Port P2 interrupt-edge select P2IES 02Ch Port P2 interrupt flag P2IFG 02Bh Port P2 direction P2DIR 02Ah Port P2 output P2OUT 029h Port P2 input P2IN 028h Port P1 Port P1 selection P1SEL 026h Port P1 interrupt enable P1IE 025h Port P1 interrupt-edge select P1IES 024h Port P1 interrupt flag P1IFG 023h Port P1 direction P1DIR 022h Port P1 output P1OUT 021h Port P1 input P1IN 020h Special Functions SFR module enable 2 ME2 005h SFR module enable 1 ME1 004h SFR interrupt flag2 IFG2 003h SFR interrupt flag1 IFG1 002h SFR interrupt enable2 IE2 001h SFR interrupt enable1 IE1 000h MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 25 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)† Voltage applied at VCC to VSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to 4.1 V Voltage applied to any pin (see Note) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V Diode current at any device terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±2 mA Storage temperature, Tstg: Unprogrammed device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −55°C to 150°C Programmed device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −55°C to 85°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTE: All voltages referenced to VSS. The JTAG fuse-blow voltage, VFB, is allowed to exceed the absolute maximum rating. The voltage is applied to the TDI/TCLK pin when blowing the JTAG fuse. recommended operating conditions MIN NOM MAX UNIT Supply voltage during program execution, VCC (AVCC = DVCC = VCC) MSP430F15x/16x/161x 1.8 3.6 V Supply voltage during flash memory programming, VCC (AVCC = DVCC = VCC) MSP430F15x/16x/161x 2.7 3.6 V Supply voltage during program execution, SVS enabled (see Note 1), VCC (AVCC = DVCC = VCC) MSP430F15x/16x/161x 2 3.6 V Supply voltage, VSS (AVSS = DVSS = VSS) 0 0 V Operating free-air temperature range, TA MSP430F15x/16x/161x −40 85 °C LFXT1 t l f f LF selected, XTS=0 Watch crystal 32.768 kHz crystal frequency, f(LFXT1) XT1 selected, XTS=1 Ceramic resonator 450 8000 kHz (see Notes 2 and 3) XT1 selected, XTS=1 Crystal 1000 8000 kHz XT2 crystal frequency f Ceramic resonator 450 8000 frequency, f(XT2) kHz Crystal 1000 8000 Processor frequency (signal MCLK) f VCC = 1.8 V DC 4.15 MCLK), f(System) MHz VCC = 3.6 V DC 8 NOTES: 1. The minimum operating supply voltage is defined according to the trip point where POR is going active by decreasing the supply voltage. POR is going inactive when the VCC is raised above the minimum supply voltage plus the hysteresis of the SVS circuitry. 2. In LF mode, the LFXT1 oscillator requires a watch crystal. A 5.1-MΩ resistor from XOUT to VSS is recommended when VCC < 2.5 V. In XT1 mode, the LFXT1 and XT2 oscillators accept a ceramic resonator or crystal up to 4.15 MHz at VCC ≥ 2.2 V. In XT1 mode, the LFXT1 and XT2 oscillators accept a ceramic resonator or crystal up to 8 MHz at VCC ≥ 2.8 V. 3. In LF mode, the LFXT1 oscillator requires a watch crystal. In XT1 mode, LFXT1 accepts a ceramic resonator or a crystal. f (MHz) 1.8 V 2.7 V 3 V 3.6 V ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ 4.15 MHz 8.0 MHz Supply Voltage − V Supply voltage range, ’F15x/16x/161x, during flash memory programming Supply voltage range, ’F15x/16x/161x, during program execution Figure 1. Frequency vs Supply Voltage, MSP430F15x/16x/161x MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 26 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) MSP430F15x/16x supply current into AVCC + DVCC excluding external current (AVCC = DVCC = VCC) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT Active mode, (see Note 1) f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = 1 MHz, T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 330 400 A I f(ACLK) = 32,768 Hz XTS=0, SELM=(0,1) TA = −3 V 500 600 μA I(AM) Active mode, (see Note 1) f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = 4,096 Hz, T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 2.5 7 A f(ACLK) = 4,096 Hz XTS=0, SELM=3 TA = −3 V 9 20 μA I Low-power mode, (LPM0) f(MCLK) = 0 MHz, f(SMCLK) = 1 MHz, f 32 768 Hz T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 50 60 I(LPM0) A ( ) ( ) f(ACLK) = 32,768 XTS=0, SELM=(0,1) (see Note 1) TA = −3 V 75 90 μA I Low-power mode, (LPM2), f f 0 MHz T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 11 14 I(LPM2) f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = MHz, A f(ACLK) = 32.768 Hz, SCG0 = 0 TA = −3 V 17 22 μA TA = −40°C 1.1 1.6 Low-power mode (LPM3) TA = 25°C 2.2 V 1.1 1.6 I mode, f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = 0 MHz, TA = 85°C 2.2 3.0 I(LPM3) A f(ACLK) = 32,768 Hz, SCG0 = 1 ( Nt 2) TA = −40°C 2.2 2.8 μA (see Note TA = 25°C 3 V 2.0 2.6 TA = 85°C 3.0 4.3 Low-power mode, (LPM4) TA = −40°C 0.1 0.5 I(LPM4) f(MCLK) = 0 MHz, f(SMCLK) = 0 MHz, TA = 25°C 2.2V / 3 V 0.2 0.5 μA f(ACLK) = 0 Hz, SCG0 = 1 TA = 85°C 1.3 2.5 NOTES: 1. Timer_B is clocked by f(DCOCLK) = 1 MHz. All inputs are tied to 0 V or to VCC. Outputs do not source or sink any current. 2. WDT is clocked by f(ACLK) = 32,768 Hz. All inputs are tied to 0 V or to VCC. Outputs do not source or sink any current. The current consumption in LPM2 and LPM3 are measured with ACLK selected. Current consumption of active mode versus system frequency I(AM) = I(AM) [1 MHz] × f(System) [MHz] Current consumption of active mode versus supply voltage I(AM) = I(AM) [3 V] + 210 μA/V × (VCC – 3 V) MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 27 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) MSP430F161x supply current into AVCC + DVCC excluding external current (AVCC = DVCC = VCC) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT Active mode, (see Note 1) f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = 1 MHz, T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 330 400 A I f(ACLK) = 32,768 Hz XTS=0, SELM=(0,1) TA = −3 V 500 600 μA I(AM) Active mode, (see Note 1) f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = 4,096 Hz, T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 2.5 7 A f(ACLK) = 4,096 Hz XTS=0, SELM=3 TA = −3 V 9 20 μA I Low-power mode, (LPM0) f(MCLK) = 0 MHz, f(SMCLK) = 1 MHz, f 32 768 Hz T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 50 60 I(LPM0) A ( ) ( ) f(ACLK) = 32,768 XTS=0, SELM=(0,1) (see Note 1) TA = −3 V 75 95 μA I Low-power mode, (LPM2), f f 0 MHz T 40°C to 85°C 2.2 V 11 14 I(LPM2) f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = MHz, A f(ACLK) = 32.768 Hz, SCG0 = 0 TA = −3 V 17 22 μA TA = −40°C 1.3 1.6 Low-power mode (LPM3) TA = 25°C 2.2 V 1.3 1.6 I mode, f(MCLK) = f(SMCLK) = 0 MHz, TA = 85°C 3.0 6.0 I(LPM3) A f(ACLK) = 32,768 Hz, SCG0 = 1 ( Nt 2) TA = −40°C 2.6 3.0 μA (see Note TA = 25°C 3 V 2.6 3.0 TA = 85°C 4.4 8.0 Low-power mode, (LPM4) TA = −40°C 0.2 0.5 I(LPM4) f(MCLK) = 0 MHz, f(SMCLK) = 0 MHz, TA = 25°C 2.2V / 3 V 0.2 0.5 μA f(ACLK) = 0 Hz, SCG0 = 1 TA = 85°C 2.0 5.0 NOTES: 1. Timer_B is clocked by f(DCOCLK) = 1 MHz. All inputs are tied to 0 V or to VCC. Outputs do not source or sink any current. 2. WDT is clocked by f(ACLK) = 32,768 Hz. All inputs are tied to 0 V or to VCC. Outputs do not source or sink any current. The current consumption in LPM2 and LPM3 are measured with ACLK selected. Current consumption of active mode versus system frequency I(AM) = I(AM) [1 MHz] × f(System) [MHz] Current consumption of active mode versus supply voltage I(AM) = I(AM) [3 V] + 210 μA/V × (VCC – 3 V) MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 28 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) Schmitt-trigger inputs − ports P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, RST/NMI, JTAG (TCK, TMS, TDI/TCLK, TDO/TDI) PARAMETER VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT V Positive going input threshold voltage 2.2 V 1.1 1.5 VIT+ Positive-V 3 V 1.5 1.98 V Negative going input threshold voltage 2.2 V 0.4 0.9 VIT− Negative-V 3 V 0.9 1.3 V Input voltage hysteresis (V V ) 2.2 V 0.3 1.1 Vhys VIT+ − VIT−) V 3 V 0.5 1 inputs Px.x, TAx, TBx PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT t External interrupt timing Port P1, P2: P1.x to P2.x, external trigger 2.2 V 62 t(int) ns signal for the interrupt flag (see Note 1) 3 V 50 TA0, TA1, TA2 2.2 V 62 t(cap) Timer_A, Timer_B capture timing TB0, TB1, TB2, TB3, TB4, TB5, TB6 (see Note 2) 3 V 50 ns f(TAext) Timer_A, Timer_B clock frequency TACLK TBCLK INCLK: t = t 2.2 V 8 MHz f(TBext) externally applied to pin TACLK, TBCLK, t(H) t(L) 3 V 10 f(TAint) Timer A Timer B clock frequency SMCLK or ACLK signal selected 2.2 V 8 MHz f(TBint) Timer_A, Timer_3 V 10 NOTES: 1. The external signal sets the interrupt flag every time the minimum t(int) parameters are met. It may be set even with trigger signals shorter than t(int). 2. Seven capture/compare registers in ’F16x/161x and three capture/compare registers in ’F15x. leakage current − ports P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT Ilkg(Px.y) Leakage current Port Px V(Px.y) (see Note 2) 2.2 V/3 V ±50 nA NOTES: 1. The leakage current is measured with VSS or VCC applied to the corresponding pin(s), unless otherwise noted. 2. The port pin must be selected as input. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 29 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) outputs − ports P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT IOH(max) = −1.5 mA, VCC = 2.2 V, See Note 1 VCC−0.25 VCC V High level output voltage IOH(max) = −6 mA, VCC = 2.2 V, See Note 2 VCC−0.6 VCC VOH High-V IOH(max) = −1.5 mA, VCC = 3 V, See Note 1 VCC−0.25 VCC IOH(max) = −6 mA, VCC = 3 V, See Note 2 VCC−0.6 VCC IOL(max) = 1.5 mA, VCC = 2.2 V, See Note 1 VSS VSS+0.25 V Low level output voltage IOL(max) = 6 mA, VCC = 2.2 V, See Note 2 VSS VSS+0.6 VOL Low-V IOL(max) = 1.5 mA, VCC = 3 V, See Note 1 VSS VSS+0.25 IOL(max) = 6 mA, VCC = 3 V, See Note 2 VSS VSS+0.6 NOTES: 1. The maximum total current, IOH(max) and IOL(max), for all outputs combined, should not exceed ±12 mA to satisfy the maximum specified voltage drop. 2. The maximum total current, IOH(max) and IOL(max), for all outputs combined, should not exceed ±48 mA to satisfy the maximum specified voltage drop. output frequency PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT f (1 ≤ x ≤ 6 0≤ y ≤ 7) CL = 20 pF, f(Px.y) 6, 0 ≤ V 2 2 V / 3 V DC f MHz IL = ±1.5 mA VCC = 2.2 fSystem f(ACLK) f P2.0/ACLK, P5.6/ACLK P5 4/MCLK C 20 pF V 2 2 V / 3 V fSystem MHz f(MCLK) f(SMCLK) P5.4/MCLK, P1.4/SMCLK, P5.5/SMCLK CL = VCC = 2.2 P1.0/TACLK f(ACLK) = f(LFXT1) = f(XT1) 40% 60% CL = 20 pF f(ACLK) = f(LFXT1) = f(LF) 30% 70% VCC = 2.2 V / 3 V f(ACLK) = f(LFXT1) 50% P1.1/TA0/MCLK, f(MCLK) = f(XT1) 40% 60% t(Xdc) Duty cycle of output frequency CL = 20 pF, VCC = 2.2 V / 3 V f(MCLK) = f(DCOCLK) 50%− 15 ns 50% 50%+ 15 ns P1.4/TBCLK/SMCLK, f(SMCLK) = f(XT2) 40% 60% CL = 20 pF, VCC = 2.2 V / 3 V f(SMCLK) = f(DCOCLK) 50%− 15 ns 50% 50%+ 15 ns MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 30 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) outputs − ports P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 (continued) Figure 2 VOL − Low-Level Output Voltage − V 0 5 10 15 20 25 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 VCC = 2.2 V P3.5 TYPICAL LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE TA = 25°C TA = 85°C IOL − Low-Level Output Current − mA Figure 3 VOL − Low-Level Output Voltage − V 0 10 20 30 40 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VCC = 3 V P3.5 TYPICAL LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE TA = 25°C TA = 85°C IOL − Low-Level Output Current − mA Figure 4 VOH − High-Level Output Voltage − V −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 VCC = 2.2 V P3.5 TYPICAL HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE TA = 25°C TA = 85°C IOH− High-Level Output Current − mA Figure 5 VOH − High-Level Output Voltage − V −45 −35 −25 −15 −5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VCC = 3 V P3.5 TYPICAL HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE TA = 25°C TA = 85°C IOH− High-Level Output Current − mA MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 31 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) wake-up LPM3 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT t(LPM3) Delay time VCC = 2.2 V/3 V, fDCO ≥ fDCO43 6 μs RAM PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT VRAMh See Note 1 CPU HALTED 1.6 V NOTE 1: This parameter defines the minimum supply voltage when the data in program memory RAM remain unchanged. No program execution should take place during this supply voltage condition. Comparator_A (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT I CAON=1 CARSEL=0 CAREF=0 2.2 V 25 40 I(DD) 1, 0, μA 3 V 45 60 I CAON=1, CARSEL=0, CAREF 1/2/3 no load at 2.2 V 30 50 I(Refladder/Refdiode) CAREF=3, μA P2.3/CA0/TA1 and P2.4/CA1/TA2 3 V 45 71 V(IC) Common-mode input voltage CAON =1 2.2 V/3 V 0 VCC−1 V V(Ref025) Voltage @ 0.25 VCC node VCC PCA0=1, CARSEL=1, CAREF=1, no load at P2.3/CA0/TA1 and P2.4/CA1/TA2 2.2 V/3 V 0.23 0.24 0.25 V(Ref050) Voltage @ 0.5VCC node VCC PCA0=1, CARSEL=1, CAREF=2, no load at P2.3/CA0/TA1 and P2.4/CA1/TA2 2.2 V/3 V 0.47 0.48 0.5 V (see Figure 6 and Figure 7) PCA0=1, CARSEL=1, CAREF=3, no load at P2 3/CA0/TA1 and 2.2 V 390 480 540 V(RefVT) P2.3/mV P2.4/CA1/TA2 TA = 85°C 3 V 400 490 550 V(offset) Offset voltage See Note 2 2.2 V/3 V −30 30 mV Vhys Input hysteresis CAON=1 2.2 V/3 V 0 0.7 1.4 mV TA = 25°C, Overdrive 10 mV, 2.2 V 130 210 300 ns t 25 Without filter: CAF=0 3 V 80 150 240 t(response LH) TA = 25°C, Overdrive 10 mV, 2.2 V 1.4 1.9 3.4 μs 25 With filter: CAF=1 3 V 0.9 1.5 2.6 TA = 25°C, Overdrive 10 mV, 2.2 V 130 210 300 ns t 25 Without filter: CAF=0 3 V 80 150 240 t(response HL) TA = 25°C, Overdrive 10 mV, 2.2 V 1.4 1.9 3.4 μs 25 With filter: CAF=1 3 V 0.9 1.5 2.6 NOTES: 1. The leakage current for the Comparator_A terminals is identical to Ilkg(Px.x) specification. 2. The input offset voltage can be cancelled by using the CAEX bit to invert the Comparator_A inputs on successive measurements. The two successive measurements are then summed together. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 32 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C 400 450 500 550 600 650 −45 −25 −5 15 35 55 75 95 VCC = 3 V Figure 6. V(RefVT) vs Temperature, VCC = 3 V V(REFVT) − Reference Volts −mV Typical Figure 7. V(RefVT) vs Temperature, VCC = 2.2 V TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C 400 450 500 550 600 650 −45 −25 −5 15 35 55 75 95 VCC = 2.2 V V(REFVT) − Reference Volts −mV Typical _ + CAON 0 1 V+ 0 1 CAF Low Pass Filter τ ≈ 2.0 μs To Internal Modules Set CAIFG Flag CAOUT V− VCC 1 0 V 0 Figure 8. Block Diagram of Comparator_A Module Overdrive VCAOUT V+ t(response) V− 400 mV Figure 9. Overdrive Definition MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 33 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) POR/brownout reset (BOR) (see Notes 1 and 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT td(BOR) 2000 μs VCC(Start) dVCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 10) 0.7 × V(B_IT−) V V(B_IT−) Brownout dVCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 10 through Figure 12) 1.71 V Vhys(B_IT−) dVCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 10) 70 130 180 mV t(reset) Pulse length needed at RST/NMI pin to accepted reset internally, VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 2 μs NOTES: 1. The current consumption of the brownout module is already included in the ICC current consumption data. The voltage level V(B_IT−) + Vhys(B_IT−) is ≤ 1.8 V. 2. During power up, the CPU begins code execution following a period of tBOR(delay) after VCC = V(B_IT−) + Vhys(B_IT−). The default DCO settings must not be changed until VCC ≥ VCC(min), where VCC(min) is the minimum supply voltage for the desired operating frequency. See the MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide (SLAU049) for more information on the brownout/SVS circuit. typical characteristics 0 1 t d(BOR) VCC V(B_IT−) Vhys(B_IT−) VCC(Start) BOR Figure 10. POR/Brownout Reset (BOR) vs Supply Voltage MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 34 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 typical characteristics (continued) VCC(min) VCC 3 V tpw 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0.001 1 1000 Vcc = 3 V typical conditions 1 ns 1 ns tpw − Pulse Width − μs VCC(min)− V tpw − Pulse Width − μs Figure 11. VCC(min) Level With a Square Voltage Drop to Generate a POR/Brownout Signal VCC 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Vcc = 3 V typical conditions VCC(min) tpw tpw − Pulse Width − μs VCC(min)− V 3 V 0.001 1 1000 tf tr tpw − Pulse Width − μs tf = tr Figure 12. VCC(min) Level With a Triangle Voltage Drop to Generate a POR/Brownout Signal MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 35 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) SVS (supply voltage supervisor/monitor) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN NOM MAX UNIT t dVCC/dt > 30 V/ms (see Figure 13) 5 150 t(SVSR) μs dVCC/dt ≤ 30 V/ms 2000 td(SVSon) SVSON, switch from VLD = 0 to VLD ≠ 0, VCC = 3 V 150 300 μs tsettle VLD ≠ 0‡ 12 μs V(SVSstart) VLD ≠ 0, VCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 13) 1.55 1.7 V VLD = 1 70 120 155 mV Vhys(SVS_IT−) VCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 13) VLD = 2 to 14 V(SVS_IT−) x 0.004 V(SVS_IT−) x 0.008 VCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 13), External voltage applied on A7 VLD = 15 4.4 10.4 mV VLD = 1 1.8 1.9 2.05 VLD = 2 1.94 2.1 2.25 VLD = 3 2.05 2.2 2.37 VLD = 4 2.14 2.3 2.48 VLD = 5 2.24 2.4 2.6 VLD = 6 2.33 2.5 2.71 VCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 13 and Figure 14) VLD = 7 2.46 2.65 2.86 V(SVS IT ) VLD = 8 2.58 2.8 3 SVS_IT−) V VLD = 9 2.69 2.9 3.13 VLD = 10 2.83 3.05 3.29 VLD = 11 2.94 3.2 3.42 VLD = 12 3.11 3.35 3.61† VLD = 13 3.24 3.5 3.76† VLD = 14 3.43 3.7† 3.99† VCC/dt ≤ 3 V/s (see Figure 13 and Figure 14), External voltage applied on A7 VLD = 15 1.1 1.2 1.3 ICC(SVS) (see Note 1) VLD ≠ 0, VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 10 15 μA † The recommended operating voltage range is limited to 3.6 V. ‡ tsettle is the settling time that the comparator o/p needs to have a stable level after VLD is switched VLD ≠ 0 to a different VLD value somewhere between 2 and 15. The overdrive is assumed to be > 50 mV. NOTE 1: The current consumption of the SVS module is not included in the ICC current consumption data. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 36 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 typical characteristics VCC(start) AVCC V(B_IT−) Brownout Region V(SVSstart) V(SVS_IT−) Software sets VLD >0: SVS is active td(SVSR) undefined Vhys(SVS_IT−) 0 1 td(BOR) Brownout 0 1 td(SVSon) td(BOR) 0 1 Set POR Brownout Region SVS Circuit is Active From VLD > to VCC < V(B_IT−) SVS out Vhys(B_IT−) Figure 13. SVS Reset (SVSR) vs Supply Voltage 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VCC VCC 1 ns 1 ns VCC(min) tpw tpw − Pulse Width − μs VCC(min)− V 3 V 1 10 1000 tf tr t − Pulse Width − μs 100 tpw 3 V tf = tr Rectangular Drop Triangular Drop VCC(min) Figure 14. VCC(min): Square Voltage Drop and Triangle Voltage Drop to Generate an SVS Signal (VLD = 1) MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 37 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) DCO (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT f R 0 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 0.08 0.12 0.15 f(DCO03) Rsel = 0, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 0.08 0.13 0.16 f R 1 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 0.14 0.19 0.23 f(DCO13) Rsel = 1, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 0.14 0.18 0.22 f R 2 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 0.22 0.30 0.36 f(DCO23) Rsel = 2, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 0.22 0.28 0.34 f R 3 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 0.37 0.49 0.59 f(DCO33) Rsel = 3, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 0.37 0.47 0.56 f R 4 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 0.61 0.77 0.93 f(DCO43) Rsel = 4, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 0.61 0.75 0.90 f R 5 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 1 1.2 1.5 f(DCO53) Rsel = 5, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 1 1.3 1.5 f R 6 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 1.6 1.9 2.2 f(DCO63) Rsel = 6, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 1.69 2.0 2.29 f R 7 DCO 3 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 2.4 2.9 3.4 f(DCO73) Rsel = 7, = 3, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 2.7 3.2 3.65 f(DCO47) Rsel = 4, DCO = 7, MOD = 0, DCOR = 0, TA = 25°C 2.2 V/3 V fDCO40 × 1.7 fDCO40 × 2.1 fDCO40 × 2.5 MHz f R 7 DCO 7 MOD 0 DCOR 0 T 25°C 2.2 V 4 4.5 4.9 f(DCO77) Rsel = 7, = 7, = 0, = 0, TA = MHz 3 V 4.4 4.9 5.4 SRsel SR = fRsel+1 / fRsel 2.2 V/3 V 1.35 1.65 2 SDCO SDCO = f(DCO+1) / f(DCO) 2.2 V/3 V 1.07 1.12 1.16 D Temperature drift R 4 DCO 3 MOD 0 (see Note 2) 2.2 V −0.31 −0.36 −0.40 Dt drift, Rsel = 4, = 3, = %/°C 3 V −0.33 −0.38 −0.43 DV Drift with VCC variation, Rsel = 4, DCO = 3, MOD = 0 (see Note 2) 2.2 V/3 V 0 5 10 %/V NOTES: 1. The DCO frequency may not exceed the maximum system frequency defined by parameter processor frequency, f(System). 2. This parameter is not production tested. 2.2 3 fDCO_0 Max Min ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Max Min fDCO_7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DCO f DCOCLK 1 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ VCC − V Frequency Variance Figure 15. DCO Characteristics MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 38 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) main DCO characteristics Individual devices have a minimum and maximum operation frequency. The specified parameters for f(DCOx0) to f(DCOx7) are valid for all devices. All ranges selected by Rsel(n) overlap with Rsel(n+1): Rsel0 overlaps Rsel1, ... Rsel6 overlaps Rsel7. DCO control bits DCO0, DCO1, and DCO2 have a step size as defined by parameter SDCO. Modulation control bits MOD0 to MOD4 select how often f(DCO+1) is used within the period of 32 DCOCLK cycles. The frequency f(DCO) is used for the remaining cycles. The frequency is an average equal to: faverage 32f(DCO) f(DCO1) MODf(DCO) (32MOD)f(DCO1) DCO when using ROSC (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT f DCO output frequency Rsel = 4, DCO = 3, MOD = 0, DCOR = 1, 2.2 V 1.8±15% MHz fDCO, TA = 25°C 3 V 1.95±15% MHz Dt, Temperature drift Rsel = 4, DCO = 3, MOD = 0, DCOR = 1 2.2 V/3 V ±0.1 %/°C Dv, Drift with VCC variation Rsel = 4, DCO = 3, MOD = 0, DCOR = 1 2.2 V/3 V 10 %/V NOTES: 1. ROSC = 100kΩ. Metal film resistor, type 0257. 0.6 watt with 1% tolerance and TK = ±50ppm/°C. crystal oscillator, LFXT1 oscillator (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT C Integrated input capacitance XTS=0; LF oscillator selected, VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 12 CXIN pF XTS=1; XT1 oscillator selected, VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 2 C Integrated output capacitance XTS=0; LF oscillator selected, VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 12 CXOUT pF XTS=1; XT1 oscillator selected, VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 2 VIL I t l l t XIN VCC = 2.2 V/3 V ( N 2) XTS = 0 or 1 XT1 or LF modes VSS 0.2 × VCC V V Input levels at CC see Note XTS = 0, LF mode 0.9 × VCC VCC VIH XTS = 1, XT1 mode 0.8 × VCC VCC NOTES: 1. The oscillator needs capacitors at both terminals, with values specified by the crystal manufacturer. 2. Applies only when using an external logic-level clock source. Not applicable when using a crystal or resonator. crystal oscillator, XT2 oscillator (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT CXIN Integrated input capacitance VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 2 pF CXOUT Integrated output capacitance VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 2 pF VIL Input levels at XIN V = 2 2 V/3 V (see Note 2) VSS 0.2 × VCC V VIH VCC 2.2 0.8 × VCC VCC V NOTES: 1. The oscillator needs capacitors at both terminals, with values specified by the crystal manufacturer. 2. Applies only when using an external logic-level clock source. Not applicable when using a crystal or resonator. USART0, USART1 (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT t( ) USART0/USART1: deglitch time VCC = 2.2 V 200 430 800 τ) ns VCC = 3 V 150 280 500 NOTE 1: The signal applied to the USART0/USART1 receive signal/terminal (URXD0/1) should meet the timing requirements of t(τ) to ensure that the URXS flip-flop is set. The URXS flip-flop is set with negative pulses meeting the minimum-timing condition of t(τ). The operating conditions to set the flag must be met independently from this timing constraint. The deglitch circuitry is active only on negative transitions on the URXD0/1 line. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 39 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit ADC, power supply and input range conditions (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT AVCC Analog supply voltage AVCC and DVCC are connected together AVSS and DVSS are connected together V(AVSS) = V(DVSS) = 0 V 2.2 3.6 V V(P6.x/Ax) Analog input voltage range (see Note 2) All P6.0/A0 to P6.7/A7 terminals. Analog inputs selected in ADC12MCTLx register and P6Sel.x=1 0 ≤ x ≤ 7; V(AVSS) ≤ VP6.x/Ax ≤ V(AVCC) 0 VAVCC V I Operating supply current into AV terminal fADC12CLK = 5.0 MHz ADC12ON 1 REFON 0 2.2 V 0.65 1.3 IADC12 AVCC mA (see Note 3) = 1, = SHT0=0, SHT1=0, ADC12DIV=0 3 V 0.8 1.6 I Operating supply current i t AV t i l fADC12CLK = 5.0 MHz ADC12ON = 0, REFON = 1, REF2_5V = 1 3 V 0.5 0.8 mA IREF+ into AVCC terminal (see Note 4) fADC12CLK = 5.0 MHz ADC12ON 0 2.2 V 0.5 0.8 mA = 0, REFON = 1, REF2_5V = 0 3 V 0.5 0.8 CI † Input capacitance Only one terminal can be selected at one time, P6.x/Ax 2.2 V 40 pF RI † Input MUX ON resistance 0V ≤ VAx ≤ VAVCC 3 V 2000 Ω † Not production tested, limits verified by design NOTES: 1. The leakage current is defined in the leakage current table with P6.x/Ax parameter. 2. The analog input voltage range must be within the selected reference voltage range VR+ to VR− for valid conversion results. 3. The internal reference supply current is not included in current consumption parameter IADC12. 4. The internal reference current is supplied via terminal AVCC. Consumption is independent of the ADC12ON control bit, unless a conversion is active. The REFON bit enables to settle the built-in reference before starting an A/D conversion. 12-bit ADC, external reference (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT VeREF+ Positive external reference voltage input VeREF+ > VREF−/VeREF− (see Note 2) 1.4 VAVCC V VREF− /VeREF− Negative external reference voltage input VeREF+ > VREF−/VeREF− (see Note 3) 0 1.2 V (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−) Differential external reference voltage input VeREF+ > VREF−/VeREF− (see Note 4) 1.4 VAVCC V IVeREF+ Static input current 0V ≤VeREF+ ≤ VAVCC 2.2 V/3 V ±1 μA IVREF−/VeREF− Static input current 0V ≤ VeREF− ≤ VAVCC 2.2 V/3 V ±1 μA NOTES: 1. The external reference is used during conversion to charge and discharge the capacitance array. The input capacitance, Ci, is also the dynamic load for an external reference during conversion. The dynamic impedance of the reference supply should follow the recommendations on analog-source impedance to allow the charge to settle for 12-bit accuracy. 2. The accuracy limits the minimum positive external reference voltage. Lower reference voltage levels may be applied with reduced accuracy requirements. 3. The accuracy limits the maximum negative external reference voltage. Higher reference voltage levels may be applied with reduced accuracy requirements. 4. The accuracy limits minimum external differential reference voltage. Lower differential reference voltage levels may be applied with reduced accuracy requirements. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 40 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit ADC, built-in reference PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT V built-REF2_5V = 1 for 2.5 V IVREF+max ≤ IVREF+≤ IVREF+min VCC = 3 V 2.4 2.5 2.6 VREF+ V Positive built in reference voltage output REF2_5V = 0 for 1.5 V IVREF+max ≤ IVREF+≤ IVREF+min VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 1.44 1.5 1.56 AVCC minimum voltage, REF2_5V = 0, IVREF+max ≤ IVREF+≤ IVREF+min 2.2 AVCC(min) Positive built-in reference REF2_5V = 1, −0.5mA ≤ IVREF+≤ IVREF+min 2.8 V active REF2_5V = 1, −1mA ≤ IVREF+≤ IVREF+min 2.9 I Load current out of VREF+ VCC = 2.2 V 0.01 −0.5 IVREF+ mA terminal VCC = 3 V 0.01 −1 IVREF+ = 500 μA +/− 100 μA Analog input voltage 0 75 V VCC = 2.2 V ±2 LSB I Load-current regulation ~0.75 V, REF2_5V = 0 VCC = 3 V ±2 IL(VREF)+ † Load VREF+ terminal IVREF+ = 500 μA ± 100 μA Analog input voltage ~1.25 V, REF2_5V = 1 VCC = 3 V ±2 LSB I Load current regulation IVREF+ =100 μA → 900 μA, IDL(VREF) + C 5 μF ax 0 5 x V V 3 V 20 ns ‡ VREF+ terminal CVREF+=μF, ~0.5 VREF+ , Error of conversion result ≤ 1 LSB VCC = CVREF+ Capacitance at pin VREF+ (see Note 1) REFON =1, 0 mA ≤ IVREF+ ≤ IVREF+max VCC = 2.2 V/3 V 5 10 μF TREF+ † Temperature coefficient of built-in reference IVREF+ is a constant in the range of 0 mA ≤ IVREF+ ≤ 1 mA VCC = 2.2 V/3 V ±100 ppm/°C tREFON † Settle time of internal reference voltage (see Figure 16 and Note 2) IVREF+ = 0.5 mA, CVREF+ = 10 μF, VREF+ = 1.5 V, VAVCC = 2.2 V 17 ms † Not production tested, limits characterized ‡ Not production tested, limits verified by design NOTES: 1. The internal buffer operational amplifier and the accuracy specifications require an external capacitor. All INL and DNL tests uses two capacitors between pins VREF+ and AVSS and VREF−/VeREF− and AVSS: 10 μF tantalum and 100 nF ceramic. 2. The condition is that the error in a conversion started after tREFON is less than ±0.5 LSB. The settling time depends on the external capacitive load. CVREF+ 1 μF 0 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms tREFON tREFON ≈ .66 x CVREF+ [ms] with CVREF+ in μF 100 μF 10 μF Figure 16. Typical Settling Time of Internal Reference tREFON vs External Capacitor on VREF+ MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 41 + − 10 μF 100 nF AVSS MSP430F15x MSP430F16x + − + − 10 μF 100 nF 10 μF 100 nF AVCC 10 μF 100 nF DVSS From DVCC Power Supply Apply External Reference + − Apply External Reference [VeREF+] or Use Internal Reference [VREF+] VREF+ or VeREF+ VREF−/VeREF− MSP430F161x Figure 17. Supply Voltage and Reference Voltage Design VREF−/VeREF− External Supply + − 10 μF 100 nF AVSS MSP430F15x MSP430F16x + − 10 μF 100 nF AVCC 10 μF 100 nF DVSS From DVCC Power Supply + − Apply External Reference [VeREF+] or Use Internal Reference [VREF+] VREF+ or VeREF+ Reference Is Internally VREF−/VeREF− Switched to AVSS MSP430F161x Figure 18. Supply Voltage and Reference Voltage Design VREF−/VeREF− = AVSS, Internally Connected MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 42 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit ADC, timing parameters PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT fADC12CLK For specified performance of ADC12 linearity parameters 2.2V/3 V 0.45 5 6.3 MHz fADC12OSC Internal ADC12 oscillator ADC12DIV=0, fADC12CLK=fADC12OSC 2.2 V/ 3 V 3.7 5 6.3 MHz t Conversion time CVREF+ ≥ 5 μF, Internal oscillator, fADC12OSC = 3.7 MHz to 6.3 MHz 2.2 V/ 3 V 2.06 3.51 μs tCONVERT External fADC12CLK from ACLK, MCLK or SMCLK: ADC12SSEL ≠ 0 13×ADC12DIV× 1/fADC12CLK μs tADC12ON ‡ Turn on settling time of the ADC (see Note 1) 100 ns t ‡ Sampling time RS = 400 Ω, RI = 1000 Ω, C 30 pF 3 V 1220 tSample ns CI = τ = [RS + RI] x CI;(see Note 2) 2.2 V 1400 † Not production tested, limits characterized ‡ Not production tested, limits verified by design NOTES: 1. The condition is that the error in a conversion started after tADC12ON is less than ±0.5 LSB. The reference and input signal are already settled. 2. Approximately ten Tau (τ) are needed to get an error of less than ±0.5 LSB: tSample = ln(2n+1) x (RS + RI) x CI+ 800 ns where n = ADC resolution = 12, RS = external source resistance. 12-bit ADC, linearity parameters PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT E Integral linearity error 1.4 V ≤ (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−) min ≤ 1.6 V 2 2 V/3 V ±2 EI LSB 1.6 V < (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−) min ≤ [VAVCC] 2.2 ±1.7 ED Differential linearity error (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−)min ≤ (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−), CVREF+ = 10 μF (tantalum) and 100 nF (ceramic) 2.2 V/3 V ±1 LSB EO Offset error (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−)min ≤ (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−), Internal impedance of source RS < 100 Ω, CVREF+ = 10 μF (tantalum) and 100 nF (ceramic) 2.2 V/3 V ±2 ±4 LSB EG Gain error (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−)min ≤ (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−), CVREF+ = 10 μF (tantalum) and 100 nF (ceramic) 2.2 V/3 V ±1.1 ±2 LSB ET Total unadjusted error (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−)min ≤ (VeREF+ − VREF−/VeREF−), CVREF+ = 10 μF (tantalum) and 100 nF (ceramic) 2.2 V/3 V ±2 ±5 LSB MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 43 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit ADC, temperature sensor and built-in VMID PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT I Operating supply current into REFON = 0, INCH = 0Ah, 2.2 V 40 120 ISENSOR A AVCC terminal (see Note 1) ADC12ON=NA, TA = 25C 3 V 60 160 μA V (see Note 2) ADC12ON = 1, INCH = 0Ah, 2.2 V 986 VSENSOR mV † TA = 0°C 3 V 986 TC † ADC12ON 1 INCH 0Ah 2.2 V 3.55 3.55±3% TCSENSOR mV/°C = 1, = 3 V 3.55 3.55±3% t Sample time required if channel ADC12ON = 1, INCH = 0Ah, Error of conversion result ≤ 1 2.2 V 30 tSENSOR(sample) s † 10 is selected (see Note 3) LSB 3 V 30 μs I Current into divider at channel 11 ADC12ON 1 INCH 0Bh 2.2 V NA IVMID A (see Note 4) = 1, = 0Bh, 3 V NA μA V AV divider at channel 11 ADC12ON = 1, INCH = 0Bh, 2.2 V 1.1 1.1±0.04 VMID AVCC V VMID is ~0.5 x VAVCC 3 V 1.5 1.50±0.04 t Sample time required if channel ADC12ON = 1, INCH = 0Bh, Error of conversion result ≤ 1 2.2 V 1400 tVMID(sample) ns 11 is selected (see Note 5) LSB 3 V 1220 † Not production tested, limits characterized NOTES: 1. The sensor current ISENSOR is consumed if (ADC12ON = 1 and REFON=1), or (ADC12ON=1 AND INCH=0Ah and sample signal is high). When REFON = 1, ISENSOR is already included in IREF+. 2. The temperature sensor offset can be as much as ±20C. A single-point calibration is recommended in order to minimize the offset error of the built-in temperature sensor. 3. The typical equivalent impedance of the sensor is 51 kΩ. The sample time required includes the sensor-on time tSENSOR(on) 4. No additional current is needed. The VMID is used during sampling. 5. The on-time tVMID(on) is included in the sampling time tVMID(sample); no additional on time is needed. 12-bit DAC, supply specifications PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT AVCC Analog supply voltage AVCC = DVCC, AVSS = DVSS =0 V 2.20 3.60 V DAC12AMPx=2, DAC12IR=0, DAC12_xDAT=0800h 2.2V/3V 50 110 I Supply Current: DAC12AMPx=2, DAC12IR=1, DAC12_xDAT=0800h , VeREF+=VREF+= AVCC 2.2V/3V 50 110 IDD Single DAC Channel A (see Notes 1 and 2) DAC12AMPx=5, DAC12IR=1, DAC12_xDAT=0800h, VeREF+=VREF+= AVCC 2.2V/3V 200 440 μA DAC12AMPx=7, DAC12IR=1, DAC12_xDAT=0800h, VeREF+=VREF+= AVCC 2.2V/3V 700 1500 PSRR Power supply DAC12_xDAT = 800h, VREF = 1.5 V ΔAVCC = 100mV 2.2V rejection ratio 70 dB (see Notes 3 and 4) DAC12_xDAT = 800h, VREF = 1.5 V or 2.5 V ΔAVCC = 100mV 3V NOTES: 1. No load at the output pin, DAC12_0 or DAC12_1, assuming that the control bits for the shared pins are set properly. 2. Current into reference terminals not included. If DAC12IR = 1 current flows through the input divider; see Reference Input specifications. 3. PSRR = 20*log{ΔAVCC/ΔVDAC12_xOUT}. 4. VREF is applied externally. The internal reference is not used. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 44 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit DAC, linearity specifications (see Figure 19) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT Resolution (12-bit Monotonic) 12 bits INL Vref = 1.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 2.2V ±2 0 ±8 0 LSB Integral nonlinearity (see Note 1) Vref = 2.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 3V 2.0 8.0 DNL Vref = 1.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 2.2V ±0 4 ±1 0 LSB Differential nonlinearity (see Note 1) Vref = 2.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 3V 0.4 1.0 Offset voltage w/o Vref = 1.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 2.2V ±21 EO calibration (see Notes 1, 2) Vref = 2.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 3V mV Offset voltage with Vref = 1.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 2.2V ±2 5 calibration (see Notes 1, 2) Vref = 2.5 V DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12IR = 1 3V 2.5 dE(O)/dT Offset error temperature coefficient (see Note 1) 2.2V/3V 30 uV/C E Gain error (see Note 1) VREF = 1.5 V 2.2V EG ±3 50 % FSR VREF = 2.5 V 3V 3.50 dE(G)/dT Gain temperature coefficient (see Note 1) 2.2V/3V 10 ppm of FSR/°C Time for offset calibration DAC12AMPx=2 2.2V/3V 100 tOffset_Cal DAC12AMPx=3,5 2.2V/3V 32 ms (see Note 3) DAC12AMPx=4,6,7 2.2V/3V 6 NOTES: 1. Parameters calculated from the best-fit curve from 0x0A to 0xFFF. The best-fit curve method is used to deliver coefficients “a” and “b” of the first order equation: y = a + b*x. VDAC12_xOUT = EO + (1 + EG) * (VeREF+/4095) * DAC12_xDAT, DAC12IR = 1. 2. The offset calibration works on the output operational amplifier. Offset Calibration is triggered setting bit DAC12CALON 3. The offset calibration can be done if DAC12AMPx = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. The output operational amplifier is switched off with DAC12AMPx ={0, 1}. It is recommended that the DAC12 module be configured prior to initiating calibration. Port activity during calibration may effect accuracy and is not recommended. Positive Negative VR+ Offset Error Gain Error DAC Code DAC VOUT Ideal transfer function RLoad = AVCC CLoad = 100pF 2 DAC Output Figure 19. Linearity Test Load Conditions and Gain/Offset Definition MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 45 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit DAC, linearity specifications (continued) DAC12_xDAT − Digital Code −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 VCC = 2.2 V, VREF = 1.5V DAC12AMPx = 7 DAC12IR = 1 TYPICAL INL ERROR vs DIGITAL INPUT DATA 4095 INL − Integral Nonlinearity Error − LSB DAC12_xDAT − Digital Code −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 VCC = 2.2 V, VREF = 1.5V DAC12AMPx = 7 DAC12IR = 1 TYPICAL DNL ERROR vs DIGITAL INPUT DATA 4095 DNL − Differential Nonlinearity Error − LSB MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 46 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) (continued) 12-bit DAC, output specifications PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT No Load, VeREF+ = AVCC, DAC12_xDAT = 0h, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12AMPx = 7 2.2V/3V 0 0.005 V V Output voltage range No Load, VeREF+ = AVCC, DAC12_xDAT = 0FFFh, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12AMPx = 7 2.2V/3V AVCC−0.05 AVCC VO (see Note 1, Figure 22) RLoad= 3 kΩ, VeREF+ = AVCC, DAC12_xDAT = 0h, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12AMPx = 7 2.2V/3V 0 0.1 V RLoad= 3 kΩ, VeREF+ = AVCC, DAC12_xDAT = 0FFFh, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12AMPx = 7 2.2V/3V AVCC−0.13 AVCC V CL(DAC12) Max DAC12 load capacitance 2.2V/3V 100 pF I Max DAC12 2.2V −0.5 +0.5 mA IL(DAC12) load current 3V −1.0 +1.0 mA RLoad= 3 kΩ VO/P(DAC12) = 0 V DAC12AMPx = 7 DAC12_xDAT = 0h 2.2V/3V 150 250 RO/P(DAC12) Output resistance (see Figure 22) RLoad= 3 kΩ VO/P(DAC12) = AVCC DAC12AMPx = 7 DAC12_xDAT = 0FFFh 2.2V/3V 150 250 Ω RLoad= 3 kΩ 0.3 V < VO/P(DAC12) < AVCC − 0.3 V DAC12AMPx = 7 2.2V/3V 1 4 NOTES: 1. Data is valid after the offset calibration of the output amplifier. RO/P(DAC12_x) Max 0.3 AVCC AVCC −0.3V VOUT Min RLoad AVCC CLoad = 100pF 2 ILoad DAC12 O/P(DAC12_x) Figure 22. DAC12_x Output Resistance Tests MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 47 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) 12-bit DAC, reference input specifications PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT Ve Reference input DAC12IR=0 (see Notes 1 and 2) 2.2V/3V AVCC/3 AVCC+0.2 VeREF+ V voltage range DAC12IR=1 (see Notes 3 and 4) 2.2V/3V AVcc AVcc+0.2 DAC12_0 IR = DAC12_1 IR = 0 2.2V/3V 20 MΩ DAC12_0 IR = 1, DAC12_1 IR = 0 2.2V/3V 40 48 56 kΩ Ri(VREF+), Ri Reference input i t DAC12_0 IR = 0, DAC12_1 IR = 1 2.2V/3V (VREF+) Ri(VeREF+) p resistance DAC12_0 IR = DAC12_1 IR =1, DAC12_0 SREFx = DAC12_1 SREFx (see Note 5) 2.2V/3V 20 24 28 kΩ NOTES: 1. For a full-scale output, the reference input voltage can be as high as 1/3 of the maximum output voltage swing (AVCC). 2. The maximum voltage applied at reference input voltage terminal VeREF+ = [AVCC − VE(O)] / [3*(1 + EG)]. 3. For a full-scale output, the reference input voltage can be as high as the maximum output voltage swing (AVCC). 4. The maximum voltage applied at reference input voltage terminal VeREF+ = [AVCC − VE(O)] / (1 + EG). 5. When DAC12IR = 1 and DAC12SREFx = 0 or 1 for both channels, the reference input resistive dividers for each DAC are in parallel reducing the reference input resistance. 12-bit DAC, dynamic specifications; Vref = VCC, DAC12IR = 1 (see Figure 23 and Figure 24) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT DAC12_xDAT = 800h, DAC12AMPx = 0 → {2, 3, 4} 2.2V/3V 60 120 tON DAC12 _ , ErrorV(O) < ±0.5 LSB (see Note ON DAC12AMPx = 0 → {5, 6} 2.2V/3V 15 30 μs on-time 1,Figure 23) DAC12AMPx = 0 → 7 2.2V/3V 6 12 μ S ttli ti DAC12 DAT DAC12AMPx = 2 2.2V/3V 100 200 tS(FS) Settling time, DAC12_xDAT = DAC12AMPx = 3,5 2.2V/3V 40 80 μs full-scale 80h→ F7Fh→ 80h DAC12AMPx = 4,6,7 2.2V/3V 15 30 S ttli ti DAC12 xDAT = DAC12AMPx = 2 2.2V/3V 5 tS(C-C) Settling time, code to code DAC12_3F8h→ 408h→ 3F8h DAC12AMPx = 3,5 2.2V/3V 2 μs BF8h→ C08h→ BF8h DAC12AMPx = 4,6,7 2.2V/3V 1 DAC12 DAT DAC12AMPx = 2 2.2V/3V 0.05 0.12 SR Slew rate DAC12_xDAT = DAC12AMPx = 3,5 2.2V/3V 0.35 0.7 V/μs 80h→ F7Fh→ 80h DAC12AMPx = 4,6,7 2.2V/3V 1.5 2.7 DAC12 DAT DAC12AMPx = 2 2.2V/3V 10 Glitch energy: full-scale DAC12_xDAT = full DAC12AMPx = 3,5 2.2V/3V 10 nV-s 80h→ F7Fh→ 80h DAC12AMPx = 4,6,7 2.2V/3V 10 nV NOTES: 1. RLoad and CLoad connected to AVSS (not AVCC/2) in Figure 23. 2. Slew rate applies to output voltage steps ≥ 200mV. RLoad AVCC CLoad = 100pF 2 DAC Output RO/P(DAC12.x) ILoad Conversion 1 Conversion 2 VOUT Conversion 3 Glitch Energy +/− 1/2 LSB +/− 1/2 LSB tsettleLH tsettleHL = 3 kΩ Figure 23. Settling Time and Glitch Energy Testing MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 48 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) Conversion 1 Conversion 2 VOUT Conversion 3 10% tSRLH tSRHL 90% 10% 90% Figure 24. Slew Rate Testing 12-bit DAC, dynamic specifications continued (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT DAC12AMPx = {2, 3, 4}, DAC12SREFx = 2, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12_xDAT = 800h 2.2V/3V 40 BW−3dB 3-dB bandwidth, VDC=1.5V, VAC=0.1VPP DAC12AMPx = {5, 6}, DAC12SREFx = 2, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12_xDAT = 800h 2.2V/3V 180 kHz (see Figure 25) DAC12AMPx = 7, DAC12SREFx = 2, DAC12IR = 1, DAC12_xDAT = 800h 2.2V/3V 550 Channel to channel crosstalk DAC12_0DAT = 800h, No Load, DAC12_1DAT = 80h<−>F7Fh, RLoad = 3kΩ fDAC12_1OUT = 10kHz @ 50/50 duty cycle 2.2V/3V −80 dB (see Note 1 and Figure 26) DAC12_0DAT = 80h<−>F7Fh, RLoad = 3kΩ, DAC12_1DAT = 800h, No Load fDAC12_0OUT = 10kHz @ 50/50 duty cycle 2.2V/3V −80 NOTES: 1. RLOAD = 3 kΩ, CLOAD = 100 pF VeREF+ AC DC RLoad AVCC CLoad = 100pF 2 ILoad DAC12_x DACx = 3 kΩ Figure 25. Test Conditions for 3-dB Bandwidth Specification DAC12_xDAT 080h VOUT fToggle 7F7h VDAC12_yOUT 080h 7F7h 080h VDAC12_xOUT e REF+ RLoad AVCC CLoad = 100pF 2 ILoad DAC12_1 RLoad AVCC CLoad = 100pF 2 ILoad DAC12_0 DAC0 DAC1 V Figure 26. Crosstalk Test Conditions MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 49 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted) flash memory PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN TYP MAX UNIT VCC(PGM/ ERASE) Program and erase supply voltage 2.7 3.6 V fFTG Flash timing generator frequency 257 476 kHz IPGM Supply current from DVCC during program 2.7 V/ 3.6 V 3 5 mA IERASE Supply current from DVCC during erase 2.7 V/ 3.6 V 3 7 mA tCPT Cumulative program time see Note 1 2.7 V/ 3.6 V 4 ms tCMErase Cumulative mass erase time see Note 2 2.7 V/ 3.6 V 200 ms Program/Erase endurance 104 105 cycles tRetention Data retention duration TJ = 25°C 100 years tWord Word or byte program time 35 tBlock, 0 Block program time for 1st byte or word 30 tBlock, 1-63 Block program time for each additional byte or word see Note 3 21 t tBlock, End Block program end-sequence wait time 6 tFTG tMass Erase Mass erase time 5297 tSeg Erase Segment erase time 4819 NOTES: 1. The cumulative program time must not be exceeded when writing to a 64-byte flash block. This parameter applies to all programming methods: individual word/byte write and block write modes. 2. The mass erase duration generated by the flash timing generator is at least 11.1ms ( = 5297x1/fFTG,max = 5297x1/476kHz). To achieve the required cumulative mass erase time the Flash Controller’s mass erase operation can be repeated until this time is met. (A worst case minimum of 19 cycles are required). 3. These values are hardwired into the Flash Controller’s state machine (tFTG = 1/fFTG). JTAG interface PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN NOM MAX UNIT f TCK input frequency see Note 1 2.2 V 0 5 MHz fTCK 3 V 0 10 MHz RInternal Internal pull-up resistance on TMS, TCK, TDI/TCLK see Note 2 2.2 V/ 3 V 25 60 90 kΩ NOTES: 1. fTCK may be restricted to meet the timing requirements of the module selected. 2. TMS, TDI/TCLK, and TCK pull-up resistors are implemented in all versions. JTAG fuse (see Note 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VCC MIN NOM MAX UNIT VCC(FB) Supply voltage during fuse-blow condition TA = 25°C 2.5 V VFB Voltage level on TDI/TCLK for fuse-blow: F versions 6 7 V IFB Supply current into TDI/TCLK during fuse blow 100 mA tFB Time to blow fuse 1 ms NOTES: 1. Once the fuse is blown, no further access to the MSP430 JTAG/Test and emulation features is possible. The JTAG block is switched to bypass mode. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 50 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics port P1, P1.0 to P1.7, input/output with Schmitt trigger P1.0/TACLK ... P1IN.x Module X IN Pad Logic Interrupt Flag Edge Select Interrupt P1SEL.x P1IES.x P1IFG.x P1IRQ.x P1IE.x EN D Set EN Q P1OUT.x P1DIR.x P1SEL.x Module X OUT Direction Control From Module 0 1 0 1 P1.7/TA2 PnSel.x PnDIR.x Dir. CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN PnIE.x PnIFG.x PnIES.x P1Sel.0 P1DIR.0 P1DIR.0 P1OUT.0 DVSS P1IN.0 TACLK† P1IE.0 P1IFG.0 P1IES.0 P1Sel.1 P1DIR.1 P1DIR.1 P1OUT.1 Out0 signal† P1IN.1 CCI0A† P1IE.1 P1IFG.1 P1IES.1 P1Sel.2 P1DIR.2 P1DIR.2 P1OUT.2 Out1 signal† P1IN.2 CCI1A† P1IE.2 P1IFG.2 P1IES.2 P1Sel.3 P1DIR.3 P1DIR.3 P1OUT.3 Out2 signal† P1IN.3 CCI2A† P1IE.3 P1IFG.3 P1IES.3 P1Sel.4 P1DIR.4 P1DIR.4 P1OUT.4 SMCLK P1IN.4 unused P1IE.4 P1IFG.4 P1IES.4 P1Sel.5 P1DIR.5 P1DIR.5 P1OUT.5 Out0 signal† P1IN.5 unused P1IE.5 P1IFG.5 P1IES.5 P1Sel.6 P1DIR.6 P1DIR.6 P1OUT.6 Out1 signal† P1IN.6 unused P1IE.6 P1IFG.6 P1IES.6 P1Sel.7 P1DIR.7 P1DIR.7 P1OUT.7 Out2 signal† P1IN.7 unused P1IE.7 P1IFG.7 P1IES.7 † Signal from or to Timer_A MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 51 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P2, P2.0 to P2.2, P2.6, and P2.7 input/output with Schmitt trigger P2IN.x P2OUT.x Pad Logic P2DIR.x P2SEL.x Module X OUT Edge Select Interrupt P2SEL.x P2IES.x P2IFG.x P2IRQ.x P2IE.x Direction Control P2.0/ACLK 0 1 0 1 Interrupt Flag Set EN Q Module X IN EN D Bus Keeper CAPD.X P2.1/TAINCLK P2.2/CAOUT/TA0 P2.6/ADC12CLK/DMAE0 P2.7/TA0 0: Input 1: Output x: Bit Identifier 0 to 2, 6, and 7 for Port P2 From Module PnSel.x PnDIR.x Dir. CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN PnIE.x PnIFG.x PnIES.x P2Sel.0 P2DIR.0 P2DIR.0 P2OUT.0 ACLK P2IN.0 unused P2IE.0 P2IFG.0 P2IES.0 P2Sel.1 P2DIR.1 P2DIR.1 P2OUT.1 DVSS P2IN.1 INCLK‡ P2IE.1 P2IFG.1 P2IES.1 P2Sel.2 P2DIR.2 P2DIR.2 P2OUT.2 CAOUT† P2IN.2 CCI0B‡ P2IE.2 P2IFG.2 P2IES.2 P2Sel.6 P2DIR.6 P2DIR.6 P2OUT.6 ADC12CLK¶ P2IN.6 DMAE0# P2IE.6 P2IFG.6 P2IES.6 P2Sel.7 P2DIR.7 P2DIR.7 P2OUT.7 Out0 signal§ P2IN.7 unused P2IE.7 P2IFG.7 P2IES.7 † Signal from Comparator_A ‡ Signal to Timer_A § Signal from Timer_A ¶ ADC12CLK signal is output of the 12-bit ADC module # Signal to DMA, channel 0, 1 and 2 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 52 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P2, P2.3 to P2.4, input/output with Schmitt trigger Bus Keeper P2IN.3 P2OUT.3 Pad Logic P2DIR.3 P2SEL.3 Module X OUT Edge Select Interrupt P2SEL.3 P2IES.3 P2IFG.3 P2IRQ.3 P2IE.3 Direction Control From Module P2.3/CA0/TA1 0 1 0 1 Interrupt Flag Set EN Q Module X IN EN D P2IN.4 P2OUT.4 Pad Logic P2DIR.4 P2SEL.4 Module X OUT Edge Select Interrupt P2SEL.4 P2IES.4 P2IFG.4 P2IRQ.4 P2IE.4 Direction Control From Module P2.4/CA1/TA2 0 1 0 1 Interrupt Flag Set EN Q Module X IN EN D Comparator_A − + Reference Block CCI1B CAF CAREF P2CA CAEX CAREF Bus Keeper CAPD.3 CAPD.4 To Timer_A3 0: Input 1: Output 0: Input 1: Output PnSel.x PnDIR.x DIRECTION CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN PnIE.x PnIFG.x PnIES.x P2Sel.3 P2DIR.3 P2DIR.3 P2OUT.3 Out1 signal† P2IN.3 unused P2IE.3 P2IFG.3 P2IES.3 P2Sel.4 P2DIR.4 P2DIR.4 P2OUT.4 Out2 signal† P2IN.4 unused P2IE.4 P2IFG.4 P2IES.4 † Signal from Timer_A MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 53 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P2, P2.5, input/output with Schmitt trigger and Rosc function for the basic clock module P2IN.5 P2OUT.5 Pad Logic P2DIR.5 P2SEL.5 Module X OUT Edge Select Interrupt P2SEL.5 P2IES.5 P2IFG.5 P2IRQ.5 P2IE.5 Direction Control P2.5/Rosc 0 1 0 1 Interrupt Flag Set EN Q DCOR Module X IN EN D to 0 1 DC Generator Bus Keeper CAPD.5 DCOR: Control Bit From Basic Clock Module If it Is Set, P2.5 Is Disconnected From P2.5 Pad Internal to Basic Clock Module VCC 0: Input 1: Output From Module PnSel.x PnDIR.x DIRECTION CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN PnIE.x PnIFG.x PnIES.x P2Sel.5 P2DIR.5 P2DIR.5 P2OUT.5 DVSS P2IN.5 unused P2IE.5 P2IFG.5 P2IES.5 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 54 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P3, P3.0 and P3.4 to P3.7, input/output with Schmitt trigger P3.0/STE0 P3IN.x Module X IN Pad Logic EN D P3OUT.x P3DIR.x P3SEL.x Module X OUT Direction Control From Module 0 1 0 1 P3.4/UTXD0 P3.5/URXD0 0: Input 1: Output x: Bit Identifier, 0 and 4 to 7 for Port P3 P3.6/UTXD1‡ P3.7/URXD1¶ PnSel.x PnDIR.x DIRECTION CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN P3Sel.0 P3DIR.0 DVSS P3OUT.0 DVSS P3IN.0 STE0 P3Sel.4 P3DIR.4 DVCC P3OUT.4 UTXD0† P3IN.4 Unused P3Sel.5 P3DIR.5 DVSS P3OUT.5 DVSS P3IN.5 URXD0§ P3Sel.6 P3DIR.6 DVCC P3OUT.6 UTXD1‡ P3IN.6 Unused P3Sel.7 P3DIR.7 DVSS P3OUT.7 DVSS P3IN.7 URXD1¶ † Output from USART0 module ‡ Output from USART1 module ‡ Input to USART0 module ¶ Input to USART1 module MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 55 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P3, P3.1, input/output with Schmitt trigger P3.1/SIMO0/SDA P3IN.1 Pad Logic EN D P3OUT1 P3DIR.1 P3SEL.1 (SI)MO0 or SDAo/p 0 1 0 1 DCM_SIMO SYNC MM STE STC From USART0 SI(MO)0 or SDAi/p To USAET0 0: Input 1: Output MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 56 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P3, P3.2, input/output with Schmitt trigger P3.2/SOMI0 P3IN.2 Pad Logic EN D P3OUT.2 P3DIR.2 P3SEL.2 0 1 0 1 DCM_SOMI SYNC MM STE STC SO(MI)0 From USART0 (SO)MI0 To USART0 0: Input 1: Output port P3, P3.3, input/output with Schmitt-trigger P3.3/UCLK0/SCL P3IN.3 Pad Logic EN D P3OUT.3 P3DIR.3 P3SEL.3 UCLK.0 0 1 0 1 DCM_UCLK SYNC MM STE STC From USART0 UCLK0 To USART0 0: Input 1: Output NOTE: UART mode: The UART clock can only be an input. If UART mode and UART function are selected, the P3.3/UCLK0 is always an input. SPI, slave mode: The clock applied to UCLK0 is used to shift data in and out. SPI, master mode: The clock to shift data in and out is supplied to connected devices on pin P3.3/UCLK0 (in slave mode). I2C, slave mode: The clock applied to SCL is used to shift data in and out. The frequency of the clock source of the module must be 10 times the frequency of the SCL clock. I2C, master mode: To shift data in and out, the clock is supplied via the SCL terminal to all I2C slaves. The frequency of the clock source of the module must be 10 times the frequency of the SCL clock. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 57 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P4, P4.0 to P4.6, input/output with Schmitt trigger P4OUT.x Module X OUT P4DIR.x Direction Control From Module P4SEL.x D EN 0 1 1 0 Module X IN P4IN.x 0: Input 1: Output Bus Keeper Module IN of pin P5.7/TBOUTH/SVSOUT x: Bit Identifier, 0 to 6 for Port P4 P4.0/TB0 ... P4.6/TB6 P4SEL.7 P4DIR.7 PnSel.x PnDIR.x DIRECTION CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN P4Sel.0 P4DIR.0 P4DIR.0 P4OUT.0 Out0 signal† P4IN.0 CCI0A / CCI0B‡ P4Sel.1 P4DIR.1 P4DIR.1 P4OUT.1 Out1 signal† P4IN.1 CCI1A / CCI1B‡ P4Sel.2 P4DIR.2 P4DIR.2 P4OUT.2 Out2 signal† P4IN.2 CCI2A / CCI2B‡ P4Sel.3 P4DIR.3 P4DIR.3 P4OUT.3 Out3 signal† P4IN.3 CCI3A / CCI3B‡ P4Sel.4 P4DIR.4 P4DIR.4 P4OUT.4 Out4 signal† P4IN.4 CCI4A / CCI4B‡ P4Sel.5 P4DIR.5 P4DIR.5 P4OUT.5 Out5 signal† P4IN.5 CCI5A / CCI5B‡ P4Sel.6 P4DIR.6 P4DIR.6 P4OUT.6 Out6 signal† P4IN.6 CCI6A † Signal from Timer_B ‡ Signal to Timer_B MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 58 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P4, P4.7, input/output with Schmitt trigger P4.7/TBCLK P4IN.7 Timer_B, Pad Logic EN D P4OUT.7 P4DIR.7 P4SEL.7 0 1 0 1 TBCLK 0: Input 1: Output DVSS port P5, P5.0 and P5.4 to P5.7, input/output with Schmitt trigger P5.0/STE1 P5IN.x Module X IN Pad Logic EN D P5OUT.x P5DIR.x P5SEL.x Module X OUT Direction Control From Module 0 1 0 1 P5.4/MCLK P5.5/SMCLK P5.6/ACLK P5.7/TBOUTH/SVSOUT x: Bit Identifier, 0 and 4 to 7 for Port P5 0: Input 1: Output PnSel.x PnDIR.x Dir. CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN P5Sel.0 P5DIR.0 DVSS P5OUT.0 DVSS P5IN.0 STE.1 P5Sel.4 P5DIR.4 DVCC P5OUT.4 MCLK P5IN.4 unused P5Sel.5 P5DIR.5 DVCC P5OUT.5 SMCLK P5IN.5 unused P5Sel.6 P5DIR.6 DVCC P5OUT.6 ACLK P5IN.6 unused P5Sel.7 P5DIR.7 DVSS P5OUT.7 SVSOUT P5IN.7 TBOUTHiZ NOTE: TBOUTHiZ signal is used by port module P4, pins P4.0 to P4.6. The function of TBOUTHiZ is mainly useful when used with Timer_B7. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 59 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P5, P5.1, input/output with Schmitt trigger P5.1/SIMO1 P5IN.1 Pad Logic EN D P5OUT.1 P5DIR.1 P5SEL.1 0 1 0 1 DCM_SIMO SYNC MM STE STC (SI)MO1 From USART1 SI(MO)1 To USART1 0: Input 1: Output port P5, P5.2, input/output with Schmitt trigger P5.2/SOMI1 P5IN.2 Pad Logic EN D P5OUT.2 P5DIR.2 P5SEL.2 0 1 0 1 DCM_SOMI SYNC MM STE STC SO(MI)1 From USART1 (SO)MI1 To USART1 0: Input 1: Output MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 60 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P5, P5.3, input/output with Schmitt trigger P5.3/UCLK1 P5IN.3 Pad Logic EN D P5OUT.3 P5DIR.3 P5SEL.3 0 1 0 1 DCM_SIMO SYNC MM STE STC UCLK1 From USART1 UCLK1 To USART1 0: Input 1: Output NOTE: UART mode: The UART clock can only be an input. If UART mode and UART function are selected, the P5.3/UCLK1 direction is always input. SPI, slave mode: The clock applied to UCLK1 is used to shift data in and out. SPI, master mode: The clock to shift data in and out is supplied to connected devices on pin P5.3/UCLK1 (in slave mode). MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 61 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P6, P6.0 to P6.5, input/output with Schmitt trigger P6IN.x Module X IN Pad Logic EN D P6OUT.x P6DIR.x P6SEL.x Module X OUT Direction Control From Module 0 1 0 1 Bus Keeper To ADC From ADC 0: Input 1: Output x: Bit Identifier, 0 to 5 for Port P6 P6.0/A0 P6.1/A1 P6.2/A2 P6.3/A3 P6.4/A4 P6.5/A5 NOTE: Analog signals applied to digital gates can cause current flow from the positive to the negative terminal. The throughput current flows if the analog signal is in the range of transitions 0→1 or 1←0. The value of the throughput current depends on the driving capability of the gate. For MSP430, it is approximately 100 μA. Use P6SEL.x=1 to prevent throughput current. P6SEL.x should be set, even if the signal at the pin is not being used by the ADC12. PnSel.x PnDIR.x DIR. CONTROL FROM MODULE PnOUT.x MODULE X OUT PnIN.x MODULE X IN P6Sel.0 P6DIR.0 P6DIR.0 P6OUT.0 DVSS P6IN.0 unused P6Sel.1 P6DIR.1 P6DIR.1 P6OUT.1 DVSS P6IN.1 unused P6Sel.2 P6DIR.2 P6DIR.2 P6OUT.2 DVSS P6IN.2 unused P6Sel.3 P6DIR.3 P6DIR.3 P6OUT.3 DVSS P6IN.3 unused P6Sel.4 P6DIR.4 P6DIR.4 P6OUT.4 DVSS P6IN.4 unused P6Sel.5 P6DIR.5 P6DIR.5 P6OUT.5 DVSS P6IN.5 unused NOTE: The signal at pins P6.x/Ax is used by the 12-bit ADC module. MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 62 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P6, P6.6, input/output with Schmitt trigger 0, if DAC12.0CALON = 0 and DAC12.0AMP > 1 P6OUT.6 DVSS P6DIR.6 P6DIR.6 P6SEL.6 D EN 0 1 1 0 0: Port Active, T-Switch Off 1: T-Switch On, Port Disabled P6.6/A6/DAC0 P6IN.6 Pad Logic 0: Input 1: Output Bus Keeper 1 0 1, if DAC12.0AMP = 1 ’1’, if DAC12.0AMP > 0 1, if DAC12.0AMP >1 + − INCH = 6† a6† †Signal from or to ADC12 MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 63 APPLICATION INFORMATION input/output schematics (continued) port P6, P6.7, input/output with Schmitt trigger 0, if DAC12.0CALON = 0 and DAC12.0AMP > 1 P6OUT.7 DVSS P6DIR.7 P6DIR.7 P6SEL.6 D EN 0 1 1 0 0: Port Active, T-Switch Off 1: T-Switch On, Port Disabled P6.7/A7/ P6IN.7 Pad Logic 0: Input 1: Output Bus Keeper 1 0 1, if DAC12.0AMP = 1 ’1’, if DAC12.0AMP > 0 1, if DAC12.0AMP > 1 + − INCH = 7‡ a7‡ †Signal to SVS Block, Selected if VLD = 15 ‡Signal From or To ADC12 §VLD Control Bits are Located in SVS DAC1/SVSIN To SVS Mux (15)† ’1’, if VLD = 15§ MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 64 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 APPLICATION INFORMATION JTAG pins TMS, TCK, TDI/TCLK, TDO/TDI, input/output with Schmitt trigger TDI TDO TMS TCK Test JTAG and Emulation Module Burn & Test Fuse Controlled by JTAG Controlled by JTAG Controlled by JTAG DVCC DVCC DVCC During Programming Activity and During Blowing of the Fuse, Pin TDO/TDI Is Used to Apply the Test Input Data for JTAG Circuitry TDO/TDI TDI/TCLK TMS TCK Fuse DVCC MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 65 APPLICATION INFORMATION JTAG fuse check mode MSP430 devices that have the fuse on the TDI/TCLK terminal have a fuse check mode that tests the continuity of the fuse the first time the JTAG port is accessed after a power-on reset (POR). When activated, a fuse check current, ITF, of 1 mA at 3 V, 2.5 mA at 5 V can flow from the TDI/TCLK pin to ground if the fuse is not burned. Care must be taken to avoid accidentally activating the fuse check mode and increasing overall system power consumption. Activation of the fuse check mode occurs with the first negative edge on the TMS pin after power up or if the TMS is being held low during power up. The second positive edge on the TMS pin deactivates the fuse check mode. After deactivation, the fuse check mode remains inactive until another POR occurs. After each POR the fuse check mode has the potential to be activated. The fuse check current will only flow when the fuse check mode is active and the TMS pin is in a low state (see Figure 27). Therefore, the additional current flow can be prevented by holding the TMS pin high (default condition). Time TMS Goes Low After POR TMS ITF ITDI/TCLK Figure 27. Fuse Check Mode Current, MSP430F15x/16x/161x MSP430F15x, MSP430F16x, MSP430F161x MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER SLAS368G − OCTOBER 2002 − REVISED MARCH 2011 66 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Data Sheet Revision History LITERATURE NUMBER SUMMARY SLAS368F In absolute maximum ratings table, changed Tstg min from −40°C to −55°C (page 25) Added Development Tools Support section (page 2) SLAS368G Changed limits on td(SVSon) parameter (page 35) PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Top-Side Markings (4) Samples MSP430F155IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F155 MSP430F155IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F155 MSP430F155IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F155 MSP430F155IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F155 MSP430F156IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F156 MSP430F156IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F156 MSP430F156IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F156 MSP430F156IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F156 MSP430F157IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F157 MSP430F157IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F157 MSP430F157IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F157 MSP430F157IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F157 MSP430F1610IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1610 MSP430F1610IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1610 MSP430F1610IRTD ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 TBD Call TI Call TI MSP430F1610IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1610 MSP430F1610IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1610 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 Addendum-Page 2 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Top-Side Markings (4) Samples MSP430F1611IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F1611 MSP430F1611IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F1611 MSP430F1611IRTD ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 TBD Call TI Call TI MSP430F1611IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1611 MSP430F1611IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1611 MSP430F1612IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1612 MSP430F1612IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1612 MSP430F1612IRTD ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 TBD Call TI Call TI MSP430F1612IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1612 MSP430F1612IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F1612 MSP430F167IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F167 MSP430F167IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F167 MSP430F167IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F167 MSP430F167IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F167 MSP430F168IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F168 MSP430F168IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F168 MSP430F168IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F168 MSP430F168IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F168 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 Addendum-Page 3 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Op Temp (°C) Top-Side Markings (4) Samples MSP430F169IPM ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 160 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F169 MSP430F169IPMR ACTIVE LQFP PM 64 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 M430F169 MSP430F169IRTDR ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F169 MSP430F169IRTDT ACTIVE VQFN RTD 64 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR M430F169 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant MSP430F155IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F156IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F157IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F1610IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F1611IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F1612IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F167IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F168IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 MSP430F169IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 330.0 24.4 13.0 13.0 2.1 16.0 24.0 Q2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 13-Sep-2013 Pack Materials-Page 1 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) MSP430F155IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F156IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F157IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F1610IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F1611IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F1612IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F167IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F168IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 MSP430F169IPMR LQFP PM 64 1000 367.0 367.0 45.0 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 13-Sep-2013 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA MTQF008A – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED DECEMBER 1996 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 PM (S-PQFP-G64) PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK 4040152/C 11/96 32 17 0,13 NOM 0,25 0,45 0,75 Seating Plane 0,05 MIN Gage Plane 0,27 33 16 48 1 0,17 49 64 SQ SQ 10,20 11,80 12,20 9,80 7,50 TYP 1,60 MAX 1,45 1,35 0,08 0,50 0,08 M 0°–7° NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Falls within JEDEC MS-026 D. May also be thermally enhanced plastic with leads connected to the die pads. IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products (also referred to herein as “components”) are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TI’s terms and conditions of sale of semiconductor products. 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Products Applications Audio www.ti.com/audio Automotive and Transportation www.ti.com/automotive Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers DLP® Products www.dlp.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps DSP dsp.ti.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Industrial www.ti.com/industrial Interface interface.ti.com Medical www.ti.com/medical Logic logic.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Power Mgmt power.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video RFID www.ti-rfid.com OMAP Applications Processors www.ti.com/omap TI E2E Community e2e.ti.com Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated 20 mW Power, 2.3 V to 5.5 V, 75 MHz Complete DDS Data Sheet AD9834 FEATURES Narrow-band SFDR >72 dB 2.3 V to 5.5 V power supply Output frequency up to 37.5 MHz Sine output/triangular output On-board comparator 3-wire SPI® interface Extended temperature range: −40°C to +105°C Power-down option 20 mW power consumption at 3 V 20-lead TSSOP APPLICATIONS Frequency stimulus/waveform generation Frequency phase tuning and modulation Low power RF/communications systems Liquid and gas flow measurement Sensory applications: proximity, motion, and defect detection Test and medical equipment GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD9834 is a 75 MHz low power DDS device capable of producing high performance sine and triangular outputs. It also has an on-board comparator that allows a square wave to be produced for clock generation. Consuming only 20 mW of power at 3 V makes the AD9834 an ideal candidate for power-sensitive applications.Capability for phase modulation and frequency modulation is provided. The frequency registers are 28 bits; with a 75 MHz clock rate, resolution of 0.28 Hz can be achieved. Similarly, with a 1 MHz clock rate, the AD9834 can be tuned to 0.004 Hz resolution. Frequency and phase modulation are affected by loading registers through the serial interface and toggling the registers using software or the FSELECT pin and PSELECT pin, respectively. The AD9834 is written to using a 3-wire serial interface. This serial interface operates at clock rates up to 40 MHz and is compatible with DSP and microcontroller standards. The device operates with a power supply from 2.3 V to 5.5 V. The analog and digital sections are independent and can be run from different power supplies, for example, AVDD can equal 5 V with DVDD equal to 3 V. The AD9834 has a power-down pin (SLEEP) that allows external control of the power-down mode. Sections of the device that are not being used can be powered down to minimize the current consumption. For example, the DAC can be powered down when a clock output is being generated. The part is available in a 20-lead TSSOP. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 12ΣMUXMUXCOMPARATORMSBCAP/2.5VDVDDAGNDAVDDMCLKAD9834FSYNCSCLKSDATACOMPIOUTIOUTBDGNDREGULATORREFOUTFS ADJUSTVINFSELECT12-BIT PHASE0 REG12-BIT PHASE1 REGSLEEPRESETPSELECTMUXMUXMUXSIGN BIT OUTVCC2.5VON-BOARDREFERENCE16-BIT CONTROLREGISTERFULL-SCALECONTROL10-BITDACDIVIDEDBY 2SINROMPHASEACCUMULATOR(28-BIT)28-BIT FREQ0REG28-BIT FREQ1REGSERIAL INTERFACEANDCONTROL LOGIC02705-001 Figure 1. Rev. D Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 ©2003–2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com AD9834 Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 3 Specifications ..................................................................................... 4 Timing Characteristics ................................................................ 6 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 7 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 7 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 8 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 10 Terminology .................................................................................... 14 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 15 Circuit Description ......................................................................... 16 Numerically Controlled Oscillator Plus Phase Modulator ... 16 SIN ROM ..................................................................................... 16 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) ....................................... 16 Comparator ................................................................................. 16 Regulator ...................................................................................... 17 Output Voltage Compliance ...................................................... 17 Functional Description .................................................................. 18 Serial Interface ............................................................................ 18 Powering Up the AD9834 ......................................................... 18 Latency ......................................................................................... 18 Control Register ......................................................................... 18 Frequency and Phase Registers ................................................ 20 Writing to a Frequency Register ............................................... 21 Writing to a Phase Register ....................................................... 21 RESET Function ......................................................................... 21 SLEEP Function .......................................................................... 21 SIGN BIT OUT Pin .................................................................... 22 The IOUT and IOUTB Pins ...................................................... 22 Applications Information .............................................................. 23 Grounding and Layout .................................................................. 26 Interfacing to Microprocessors ..................................................... 27 AD9834 to ADSP-21xx Interface ............................................. 27 AD9834 to 68HC11/68L11 Interface ....................................... 27 AD9834 to 80C51/80L51 Interface .......................................... 28 AD9834 to DSP56002 Interface ............................................... 28 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 29 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 29 Rev. D | Page 2 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 REVISION HISTORY 3/14—Rev. C to Rev. D Changes to Table 3 ............................................................................ 7 Deleted Evaluation Board Section ................................................ 29 Changes to Ordering Guide ........................................................... 35 2/11—Rev. B to Rev. C Changes to IDD Parameter, Table 1 .................................................. 5 Changes to FS ADJUST Description, Table 4 ................................ 8 Added Output Voltage Compliance Section................................ 17 Changes to Figure 31 ...................................................................... 23 Changes to Figure 32 ...................................................................... 24 Deleted Using the AD9834 Evaluation Board Section and the Prototyping Area Section ............................................................... 28 Added System Development Platform Section, AD9834 to SPORT Interface Section, Figure 39, and Figure 40; Renumbered Sequentially .............................................................. 29 Changes to XO vs. External Clock Section and Power Supply Section .............................................................................................. 29 Deleted Bill of Materials, Table 19; Renumbered Sequentially .............................................................. 30 Added Evaluation Board Schematics Section and Figure 41 .... 30 Added Figure 42 .............................................................................. 31 Added Evaluation Board Layout Section and Figure 43 ............ 32 Added Figure 44 .............................................................................. 33 Added Figure 45 .............................................................................. 34 Changes to Ordering Guide ........................................................... 35 4/10—Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Comparator Section ................................................... 15 Added Figure 28 .............................................................................. 16 Changes to Serial Interface Section .............................................. 17 8/06—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Updated Format ................................................................. Universal Changed to 75 MHz Complete DDS ............................... Universal Changes to Features Section ............................................................ 1 Changes to Table 1 ............................................................................ 4 Changes to Table 2 ............................................................................ 6 Changes to Table 3 ............................................................................ 8 Added Figure 10, Figures Renumbered Sequentially ................... 9 Added Figure 16 and Figure 17, Figures Renumbered Sequentially ...................................................................................... 10 Changes to Table 6 .......................................................................... 19 Changes to Writing a Frequency Register Section ..................... 20 Changes to Figure 29 ...................................................................... 21 Changes to Table 19 ........................................................................ 30 Changes to Figure 38 ...................................................................... 28 2/03—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. D | Page 3 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet SPECIFICATIONS VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V, AGND = DGND = 0 V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, RSET = 6.8 kΩ, RLOAD = 200 Ω for IOUT and IOUTB, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Grade B, Grade C1 Parameter2 Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments SIGNAL DAC SPECIFICATIONS Resolution 10 Bits Update Rate 75 MSPS IOUT Full Scale3 3.0 mA VOUT Max 0.6 V VOUT Min 30 mV Output Compliance4 0.8 V DC Accuracy Integral Nonlinearity ±1 LSB Differential Nonlinearity ±0.5 LSB DDS SPECIFICATIONS Dynamic Specifications Signal-to-Noise Ratio 55 60 dB fMCLK = 75 MHz, fOUT = fMCLK/4096 Total Harmonic Distortion −66 −56 dBc fMCLK = 75 MHz, fOUT = fMCLK/4096 Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Wideband (0 to Nyquist) −60 −56 dBc fMCLK = 75 MHz, fOUT = fMCLK/75 Narrow Band (±200 kHz) B Grade −78 −67 dBc fMCLK = 50 MHz, fOUT = fMCLK/50 C Grade −74 −65 dBc fMCLK = 75 MHz, fOUT = fMCLK/75 Clock Feedthrough −50 dBc Wake-Up Time 1 ms COMPARATOR Input Voltage Range 1 V p-p AC-coupled internally Input Capacitance 10 pF Input High-Pass Cutoff Frequency 4 MHz Input DC Resistance 5 MΩ Input Leakage Current 10 μA OUTPUT BUFFER Output Rise/Fall Time 12 ns Using a 15 pF load Output Jitter 120 ps rms 3 MHz sine wave, 0.6 V p-p VOLTAGE REFERENCE Internal Reference 1.12 1.18 1.24 V REFOUT Output Impedance5 1 kΩ Reference Temperature Coefficient 100 ppm/°C LOGIC INPUTS Input High Voltage, VINH 1.7 V 2.3 V to 2.7 V power supply 2.0 V 2.7 V to 3.6 V power supply 2.8 V 4.5 V to 5.5 V power supply Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.6 V 2.3 V to 2.7 V power supply 0.7 V 2.7 V to 3.6 V power supply 0.8 V 4.5 V to 5.5 V power supply Input Current, IINH/IINL 10 μA Input Capacitance, CIN 3 pF Rev. D | Page 4 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 Grade B, Grade C1 Parameter2 Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments POWER SUPPLIES AVDD 2.3 5.5 V fMCLK = 75 MHz, fOUT = fMCLK/4096 DVDD 2.3 5.5 V IAA6 3.8 5 mA IDD6 B Grade 2.0 3 mA IDD code dependent (see Figure 8) C Grade 2.7 3.7 mA IDD code dependent (see Figure 8) IAA + IDD6 B Grade 5.8 8 mA C Grade 6.5 8.7 mA Low Power Sleep Mode B Grade 0.5 mA DAC powered down, MCLK running C Grade 0.6 mA DAC powered down, MCLK running 1 B grade: MCLK = 50 MHz; C grade: MCLK = 75 MHz. For specifications that do not specify a grade, the value applies to both grades. 2 Operating temperature range is as follows: B, C versions: −40°C to +105°C, typical specifications are at 25°C. 3 For compliance, with specified load of 200 Ω, IOUT full scale should not exceed 4 mA. 4 Guaranteed by design. 5 Applies when REFOUT is sourcing current. The impedance is higher when REFOUT is sinking current. 6 Measured with the digital inputs static and equal to 0 V or DVDD. RSET6.8kΩIOUT1210-BIT DAC20pFFS ADJUSTAD9834REGULATOR100nFCAP/2.5V10nFREFOUTCOMP10nFAVDDSINROMRLOAD200ΩON-BOARDREFERENCEFULL-SCALECONTROL02705-002 Figure 2. Test Circuit Used to Test the Specifications Rev. D | Page 5 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet TIMING CHARACTERISTICS DVDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V, AGND = DGND = 0 V, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter1 Limit at TMIN to TMAX Unit Test Conditions/Comments t1 20/13.33 ns min MCLK period: 50 MHz/75 MHz t2 8/6 ns min MCLK high duration: 50 MHz/75 MHz t3 8/6 ns min MCLK low duration: 50 MHz/75 MHz t4 25 ns min SCLK period t5 10 ns min SCLK high duration t6 10 ns min SCLK low duration t7 5 ns min FSYNC-to-SCLK falling edge setup time t8 MIN 10 ns min FSYNC-to-SCLK hold time t8 MAX t4 − 5 ns max t9 5 ns min Data setup time t10 3 ns min Data hold time t11 8 ns min FSELECT, PSELECT setup time before MCLK rising edge t11A 8 ns min FSELECT, PSELECT setup time after MCLK rising edge t12 5 ns min SCLK high to FSYNC falling edge setup time 1 Guaranteed by design, not production tested. Timing Diagrams MCLKt1t3t202705-003 Figure 3. Master Clock FSELECT,PSELECTVALID DATAVALID DATAVALID DATAMCLKt11At1102705-004 Figure 4. Control Timing D0SCLKFSYNCSDATAD15D14D2D1D15D14t12t7t6t8t5t4t9t1002705-005 Figure 5. Serial Timing Rev. D | Page 6 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter Ratings AVDD to AGND −0.3 V to +6 V DVDD to DGND −0.3 V to +6 V AGND to DGND −0.3 V to +0.3 V CAP/2.5V 2.75 V Digital I/O Voltage to DGND −0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V Analog I/O Voltage to AGND −0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V Operating Temperature Range Industrial (B Version) −40°C to +105°C Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Maximum Junction Temperature 150°C TSSOP Package θJA Thermal Impedance 143°C/W θJC Thermal Impedance 45°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering (10 sec) 300°C IR Reflow, Peak Temperature 220°C Reflow Soldering (Pb-Free) Peak Temperature 260°C (+0/–5) Time at Peak Temperature 10 sec to 40 sec Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION Rev. D | Page 7 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 8 of 32 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 REFOUT COMP AVDD DGND CAP/2.5V DVDD FS ADJUST IOUT AGND VIN SCLK FSYNC SIGN BIT OUT PSELECT FSELECT MCLK RESET SLEEP SDATA IOUTB AD9834 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 02705-006 Figure 6. Pin Configuration Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic Description ANALOG SIGNAL AND REFERENCE 1 FS ADJUST Full-Scale Adjust Control. A resistor (RSET) is connected between this pin and AGND. This determines the magnitude of the full-scale DAC current. The relationship between RSET and the full-scale current is as follows: IOUT FULL SCALE = 18 × FSADJUST/RSET FSADJUST = 1.15 V nominal, RSET = 6.8 kΩ typical. 2 REFOUT Voltage Reference Output. The AD9834 has an internal 1.20 V reference that is made available at this pin. 3 COMP DAC Bias Pin. This pin is used for decoupling the DAC bias voltage. 17 VIN Input to Comparator. The comparator can be used to generate a square wave from the sinusoidal DAC output. The DAC output should be filtered appropriately before being applied to the comparator to improve jitter. When Bit OPBITEN and Bit SIGN/PIB in the control register are set to 1, the comparator input is connected to VIN. 19, 20 IOUT, IOUTB Current Output. This is a high impedance current source. A load resistor of nominally 200 Ω should be connected between IOUT and AGND. IOUTB should preferably be tied through an external load resistor of 200 Ω to AGND, but it can be tied directly to AGND. A 20 pF capacitor to AGND is also recommended to prevent clock feedthrough. POWER SUPPLY 4 AVDD Positive Power Supply for the Analog Section. AVDD can have a value from 2.3 V to 5.5 V. A 0.1 μF decoupling capacitor should be connected between AVDD and AGND. 5 DVDD Positive Power Supply for the Digital Section. DVDD can have a value from 2.3 V to 5.5 V. A 0.1 μF decoupling capacitor should be connected between DVDD and DGND. 6 CAP/2.5V The digital circuitry operates from a 2.5 V power supply. This 2.5 V is generated from DVDD using an on-board regulator (when DVDD exceeds 2.7 V). The regulator requires a decoupling capacitor of typically 100 nF that is connected from CAP/2.5 V to DGND. If DVDD is equal to or less than 2.7 V, CAP/2.5 V should be shorted to DVDD. 7 DGND Digital Ground. 18 AGND Analog Ground. DIGITAL INTERFACE AND CONTROL 8 MCLK Digital Clock Input. DDS output frequencies are expressed as a binary fraction of the frequency of MCLK. The output frequency accuracy and phase noise are determined by this clock. 9 FSELECT Frequency Select Input. FSELECT controls which frequency register, FREQ0 or FREQ1, is used in the phase accumulator. The frequency register to be used can be selected using Pin FSELECT or Bit FSEL. When Bit FSEL is used to select the frequency register, the FSELECT pin should be tied to CMOS high or low. 10 PSELECT Phase Select Input. PSELECT controls which phase register, PHASE0 or PHASE1, is added to the phase accumulator output. The phase register to be used can be selected using Pin PSELECT or Bit PSEL. When the phase registers are being controlled by Bit PSEL, the PSELECT pin should be tied to CMOS high or low. 11 RESET Active High Digital Input. RESET resets appropriate internal registers to zero; this corresponds to an analog output of midscale. RESET does not affect any of the addressable registers. 12 SLEEP Active High Digital Input. When this pin is high, the DAC is powered down. This pin has the same function as Control Bit SLEEP12. Data Sheet AD9834 Pin No. Mnemonic Description 13 SDATA Serial Data Input. The 16-bit serial data-word is applied to this input. 14 SCLK Serial Clock Input. Data is clocked into the AD9834 on each falling SCLK edge. 15 FSYNC Active Low Control Input. This is the frame synchronization signal for the input data. When FSYNC is taken low, the internal logic is informed that a new word is being loaded into the device. 16 SIGN BIT OUT Logic Output. The comparator output is available on this pin or, alternatively, the MSB from the NCO can be output on this pin. Setting Bit OPBITEN in the control register to 1 enables this output pin. Bit SIGN/PIB determines whether the comparator output or the MSB from the NCO is output on the pin. Rev. D | Page 9 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS MCLK FREQUENCY (MHz)4.000755V3VTA = 25°CIDD ( mA)3.53.02.52.01.51.00.51530456002705-007 Figure 7. Typical Current Consumption (IDD) vs. MCLK Frequency 4.000.51.01.52.02.53.03.5fOUT (Hz)IDD (mA)TA = 25°C5V3V1001k10k100k1M10M100M02705-008 Figure 8. Typical IDD vs. fOUT for fMCLK = 50 MHz MCLK FREQUENCY (MHz)SFDR (dBc)–65–60–90–70–75–80–85AVDD = DVDD = 3VTA = 25°CSFDR dB MCLK/50SFDR dB MCLK/70153045607502705-009 Figure 9. Narrow-Band SFDR vs. MCLK Frequency 0–10–20–30–40–50–60–70–80MCLK FREQUENCY (MHz)SFDR (dBc)010203040506070fOUT = 1MHzSFDR dB MCLK/7AVDD = DVDD = 3VTA = 25°C02705-010 Figure 10. Wideband SFDR vs. MCLK Frequency SFDR (dBc)0–40–80–50–60–70–10–20–3050MHz CLOCK30MHz CLOCKAVDD = DVDD = 3VTA = 25°CfOUT/fMCLK0.0010.010.11.01010002705-011 Figure 11. Wideband SFDR vs. fOUT/fMCLK for Various MCLK Frequencies MCLK FREQUENCY (MHz)SNR (dB)–60–65–70–50–55–40–451.05.010.012.525.050.0TA = 25°CAVDD = DVDD = 3VfOUT = MCLK/409602705-012 Figure 12. SNR vs. MCLK Frequency Rev. D | Page 10 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 50010007006506005508507508009009505.5V2.3VTEMPERATURE (°C)–4025105WAKE-UP TIME ( μs)02705-013 Figure 13. Wake-Up Time vs. Temperature 1.1501.1251.1001.1751.2001.2501.225TEMPERATURE (°C)V(REFOUT) (V)LOWER RANGEUPPER RANGE–402510502705-014 Figure 14. VREFOUT vs. Temperature FREQUENCY (Hz)(dBc/Hz)–150–110–100–120–130–140–160AVDD = DVDD = 5VTA = 25°C1001k10k100k200k02705-015 Figure 15. Output Phase Noise, fOUT = 2 MHz, MCLK = 50 MHz 0.200–40–2002040608010002705-037TEMPERATURE(°C)DVDD (V)0.180.160.140.120.100.080.060.040.02DVDD=3.3VDVDD=5.5VDVDD=2.3V Figure 16. SIGN BIT OUT Low Level, ISINK = 1 mA 5.51.5–40–2002040608010002705-038TEMPERATURE(°C)DVDD ( V)5.04.54.03.53.02.52.0DVDD=2.3VDVDD=2.7VDVDD=3.3VDVDD=4.5VDVDD=5.5V Figure 17. SIGN BIT OUT High Level, ISINK = 1 mA FREQUENCY (Hz)(dB)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–10RWB 100ST 100 SECVWB 300100k02705-016 Figure 18. fMCLK = 10 MHz; fOUT = 2.4 kHz, Frequency Word = 000FBA9 Rev. D | Page 11 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet FREQUENCY (Hz)(dB)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–1005MRWB 1kST 50 SECVWB 30002705-017 Figure 19. fMCLK = 10 MHz; fOUT = 1.43 MHz = fMCLK/7, Frequency Word = 2492492 FREQUENCY (Hz)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–1005MRWB 1kST 50 SECVWB 300(dB)02705-018 Figure 20. fMCLK = 10 MHz; fOUT = 3.33 MHz = fMCLK/3, Frequency Word = 5555555 FREQUENCY (Hz)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–100160kRWB 100ST 200 SECVWB 30(dB)02705-019 Figure 21. fMCLK = 50 MHz; fOUT = 12 kHz, Frequency Word = 000FBA9 FREQUENCY (Hz)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–1001.6MRWB 100ST 200 SECVWB 300(dB)02705-020 Figure 22. fMCLK = 50 MHz; fOUT = 120 kHz, Frequency Word = 009D496 FREQUENCY (Hz)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–10025MRWB 1kST 200 SECVWB 300(dB)02705-021 Figure 23. fMCLK = 50 MHz; fOUT = 1.2 MHz, Frequency Word = 0624DD3 FREQUENCY (Hz)(dB)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–10025MRWB 1kST 200 SECVWB 30002705-022 Figure 24. fMCLK = 50 MHz; fOUT = 4.8 MHz, Frequency Word = 189374C Rev. D | Page 12 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 FREQUENCY (Hz)(dB)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–10025MRWB 1kST 200 SECVWB 30002705-023 Figure 25. fMCLK = 50 MHz; fOUT = 7.143 MHz = fMCLK/7, Frequency Word = 2492492 FREQUENCY (Hz)(dB)0–20–50–90–100–80–70–60–40–30–10025MRWB 1kST 200 SECVWB 30002705-024 Figure 26. fMCLK = 50 MHz; fOUT = 16.667 MHz = fMCLK/3, Frequency Word = 5555555 Rev. D | Page 13 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet Rev. D | Page 14 of 32 TERMINOLOGY Integral Nonlinearity (INL) INL is the maximum deviation of any code from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the transfer function. The endpoints of the transfer function are zero scale, a point 0.5 LSB below the first code transition (000 . . . 00 to 000 . . . 01), and full scale, a point 0.5 LSB above the last code transition (111 . . . 10 to 111 . . . 11). The error is expressed in LSBs. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) DNL is the difference between the measured and ideal 1 LSB change between two adjacent codes in the DAC. A specified DNL of ±1 LSB maximum ensures monotonicity. Output Compliance The output compliance refers to the maximum voltage that can be generated at the output of the DAC to meet the specifications. When voltages greater than that specified for the output com- pliance are generated, the AD9834 may not meet the specifications listed in the data sheet. Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Along with the frequency of interest, harmonics of the fundamental frequency and images of these frequencies are present at the output of a DDS device. The SFDR refers to the largest spur or harmonic present in the band of interest. The wideband SFDR gives the magnitude of the largest harmonic or spur relative to the magnitude of the fundamental frequency in the 0 to Nyquist bandwidth. The narrow-band SFDR gives the attenuation of the largest spur or harmonic in a bandwidth of ±200 kHz about the fundamental frequency. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) THD is the ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to the rms value of the fundamental. For the AD9834, THD is defined as 1 2 3456 V V VVVV THD 2 2222 log 20 where V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 are the rms amplitudes of the second harmonic through the sixth harmonic. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) SNR is the ratio of the rms value of the measured output signal to the rms sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist frequency. The value for SNR is expressed in decibels. Clock Feedthrough There is feedthrough from the MCLK input to the analog output. Clock feedthrough refers to the magnitude of the MCLK signal relative to the fundamental frequency in the output spectrum of the AD9834. Data Sheet AD9834 THEORY OF OPERATION Sine waves are typically thought of in terms of their magnitude form a(t) = sin (ωt). However, these are nonlinear and not easy to generate except through piecewise construction. On the other hand, the angular information is linear in nature, that is, the phase angle rotates through a fixed angle for each unit of time. The angular rate depends on the frequency of the signal by the traditional rate of ω = 2πf. MAGNITUDEPHASE+10–12p02π4π6π2π4π6π02705-025 Figure 27. Sine Wave Knowing that the phase of a sine wave is linear and given a reference interval (clock period), the phase rotation for that period can be determined. ΔPhase = ωΔt Solving for ω, ω = ΔPhase/Δt = 2πf Solving for f and substituting the reference clock frequency for the reference period (1/fMCLK = Δt), f = ΔPhase × fMCLK/2π The AD9834 builds the output based on this simple equation. A simple DDS chip can implement this equation with three major subcircuits: numerically controlled oscillator + phase modulator, SIN ROM, and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Each of these subcircuits is discussed in the Circuit Description section. Rev. D | Page 15 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The AD9834 is a fully integrated direct digital synthesis (DDS) chip. The chip requires one reference clock, one low precision resistor, and eight decoupling capacitors to provide digitally created sine waves up to 37.5 MHz. In addition to the generation of this RF signal, the chip is fully capable of a broad range of simple and complex modulation schemes. These modulation schemes are fully implemented in the digital domain, allowing accurate and simple realization of complex modulation algorithms using DSP techniques. The internal circuitry of the AD9834 consists of the following main sections: a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO), frequency and phase modulators, SIN ROM, a DAC, a comparator, and a regulator. NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR PLUS PHASE MODULATOR This consists of two frequency select registers, a phase accumulator, two phase offset registers, and a phase offset adder. The main component of the NCO is a 28-bit phase accumulator. Continuous time signals have a phase range of 0 π to 2π. Outside this range of numbers, the sinusoid functions repeat themselves in a periodic manner. The digital implementation is no different. The accumulator simply scales the range of phase numbers into a multibit digital word. The phase accumulator in the AD9834 is implemented with 28 bits. Therefore, in the AD9834, 2π = 228. Likewise, the ΔPhase term is scaled into this range of numbers: 0 < ΔPhase < 228 − 1. Making these substitutions into the previous equation f = ΔPhase × fMCLK/228 where 0 < ΔPhase < 228 − 1. The input to the phase accumulator can be selected either from the FREQ0 register or FREQ1 register and is controlled by the FSELECT pin or the FSEL bit. NCOs inherently generate con-tinuous phase signals, thus avoiding any output discontinuity when switching between frequencies. Following the NCO, a phase offset can be added to perform phase modulation using the 12-bit phase registers. The contents of one of these phase registers is added to the MSBs of the NCO. The AD9834 has two phase registers, the resolution of these registers being 2π/4096. SIN ROM To make the output from the NCO useful, it must be converted from phase information into a sinusoidal value. Phase informa-tion maps directly into amplitude; therefore, the SIN ROM uses the digital phase information as an address to a look-up table and converts the phase information into amplitude. Although the NCO contains a 28-bit phase accumulator, the output of the NCO is truncated to 12 bits. Using the full resolu-tion of the phase accumulator is impractical and unnecessary because it requires a look-up table of 228 entries. It is necessary only to have sufficient phase resolution such that the errors due to truncation are smaller than the resolution of the 10-bit DAC. This requires the SIN ROM to have two bits of phase resolution more than the 10-bit DAC. The SIN ROM is enabled using the OPBITEN and MODE bits in the control register. This is explained further in Table 18. DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC) The AD9834 includes a high impedance current source 10-bit DAC capable of driving a wide range of loads. The full-scale output current can be adjusted for optimum power and external load requirements using a single external resistor (RSET). The DAC can be configured for either single-ended or differential operation. IOUT and IOUTB can be connected through equal external resistors to AGND to develop complementary output voltages. The load resistors can be any value required, as long as the full-scale voltage developed across it does not exceed the voltage compliance range. Because full-scale current is controlled by RSET, adjustments to RSET can balance changes made to the load resistors. COMPARATOR The AD9834 can be used to generate synthesized digital clock signals. This is accomplished by using the on-board self-biasing comparator that converts the sinusoidal signal of the DAC to a square wave. The output from the DAC can be filtered externally before being applied to the comparator input. The comparator reference voltage is the time average of the signal applied to VIN. The comparator can accept signals in the range of approximately 100 mV p-p to 1 V p-p. As the comparator input is ac-coupled, to operate correctly as a zero crossing detector, it requires a minimum input frequency of typically 3 MHz. The comparator output is a square wave with an amplitude from 0 V to DVDD. Rev. D | Page 16 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 The AD9834 is a sampled signal with its output following Nyquist sampling theorem. Specifically, its output spectrum contains the fundamental plus aliased signals (images) that occur at multiples of the reference clock frequency and the selected output frequency. A graphical representation of the sampled spectrum, with aliased images, is shown in Figure 28. The prominence of the aliased images is dependent on the ratio of fOUT to MCLK. If ratio is small, the aliased images are very prominent and of a relatively high energy level as determined by the sin(x)/x roll-off of the quantized DAC output. In fact, depending on the fOUT/reference clock relationship, the first aliased image can be on the order of −3 dB below the fundamental. A low-pass filter is generally placed between the output of the DAC and the input of the comparator to further suppress the effects of aliased images. Obviously, consideration must be given to the relationship of the selected output frequency and the reference clock frequency to avoid unwanted (and unexpected) output anomalies. To apply the AD9834 as a clock generator, limit the selected output frequency to <33% of reference clock frequency, and thereby avoid generating aliased signals that fall within, or close to, the output band of interest (generally dc-selected output frequency). This practice eases the complexity (and cost) of the external filter requirement for the clock generator application. Refer to the AN-837 Application Note for more information. To enable the comparator, Bit SIGN/PIB and Bit OPBITEN in the control resister are set to 1. This is explained further in Table 17. REGULATOR The AD9834 has separate power supplies for the analog and digital sections. AVDD provides the power supply required for the analog section, and DVDD provides the power supply for the digital section. Both of these supplies can have a value of 2.3 V to 5.5 V and are independent of each other. For example, the analog section can be operated at 5 V, and the digital section can be operated at 3 V, or vice versa. The internal digital section of the AD9834 is operated at 2.5 V. An on-board regulator steps down the voltage applied at DVDD to 2.5 V. The digital interface (serial port) of the AD9834 also operates from DVDD. These digital signals are level shifted within the AD9834 to make them 2.5 V compatible. When the applied voltage at the DVDD pin of the AD9834 is equal to or less than 2.7 V, Pin CAP/2.5V and Pin DVDD should be tied together, thus bypassing the on-board regulator. OUTPUT VOLTAGE COMPLIANCE The AD9834 has a maximum current density, set by the RSET, of 4 mA. The maximum output voltage from the AD9834 is VDD − 1.5 V. This is to ensure that the output impedance of the internal switch does not change, affecting the spectral performance of the part. For a minimum supply of 2.3 V, the maximum output voltage is 0.8 V. Specifications in Table 1 are guaranteed with an RSET of 6.8 kΩ and an RLOAD of 200 Ω. 02705-040SYSTEM CLOCKfOUTfC–fOUTfC+fOUT2fC–fOUT2fC+fOUT3fC–fOUT3fC+fOUTfC0HzFIRSTIMAGESECONDIMAGETHIRDIMAGEFOURTHIMAGEFIFTHIMAGESIXTHIMAGE2fC3fCFREQUENCY ( Hz)SIGNAL AMPLITUDEsin x/x ENVELOPEx = π ( f/fC) Figure 28. The DAC Output Spectrum Rev. D | Page 17 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SERIAL INTERFACE The AD9834 has a standard 3-wire serial interface that is com-patible with SPI, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and DSP interface standards. Data is loaded into the device as a 16-bit word under the control of a serial clock input (SCLK). The timing diagram for this operation is given in Figure 5. For a detailed example of programming the AD9833 and AD9834 devices, refer to the AN-1070 Application Note. The FSYNC input is a level triggered input that acts as a frame synchronization and chip enable. Data can only be transferred into the device when FSYNC is low. To start the serial data transfer, FSYNC should be taken low, observing the minimum FSYNC-to-SCLK falling edge setup time (t7). After FSYNC goes low, serial data is shifted into the input shift register of the device on the falling edges of SCLK for 16 clock pulses. FSYNC can be taken high after the 16th falling edge of SCLK, observing the minimum SCLK falling edge to FSYNC rising edge time (t8). Alternatively, FSYNC can be kept low for a multiple of 16 SCLK pulses and then brought high at the end of the data transfer. In this way, a continuous stream of 16-bit words can be loaded while FSYNC is held low, with FSYNC only going high after the 16th SCLK falling edge of the last word is loaded. The SCLK can be continuous, or alternatively, the SCLK can idle high or low between write operations but must be high when FSYNC goes low (t12). POWERING UP THE AD9834 The flow chart in Figure 31 shows the operating routine for the AD9834. When the AD9834 is powered up, the part should be reset. This resets appropriate internal registers to 0 to provide an analog output of midscale. To avoid spurious DAC outputs during AD9834 initialization, the RESET bit/pin should be set to 1 until the part is ready to begin generating an output. RESET does not reset the phase, frequency, or control registers. These registers contain invalid data, and, therefore, should be set to a known value by the user. The RESET bit/pin should then be set to 0 to begin generating an output. The data appears on the DAC output eight MCLK cycles after RESET is set to 0. LATENCY Latency is associated with each operation. When Pin FSELECT and Pin PSELECT change value, there is a pipeline delay before control is transferred to the selected register. When the t11 and t11A timing specifications are met (see Figure 4), FSELECT and PSELECT have latencies of eight MCLK cycles. When the t11 and t11A timing specifications are not met, the latency is increased by one MCLK cycle. Similarly, there is a latency associated with each asynchronous write operation. If a selected frequency/phase register is loaded with a new word, there is a delay of eight to nine MCLK cycles before the analog output changes. There is an uncertainty of one MCLK cycle because it depends on the position of the MCLK rising edge when the data is loaded into the destination register. The negative transition of the RESET and SLEEP functions are sampled on the internal falling edge of MCLK. Therefore, they also have a latency associated with them. CONTROL REGISTER The AD9834 contains a 16-bit control register that sets up the AD9834 as the user wants to operate it. All control bits, except MODE, are sampled on the internal negative edge of MCLK. Table 6 describes the individual bits of the control register. The different functions and the various output options from the AD9834 are described in more detail in the Frequency and Phase Registers section. To inform the AD9834 that the contents of the control register are to be altered, DB15 and DB14 must be set to 0 as shown in Table 5. Table 5. Control Register DB15 DB14 DB13 . . . DB0 0 0 CONTROL bits Rev. D | Page 18 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 MUXSLEEP12SLEEP1OPBITENIOUTBIOUTCOMPARATORVINSIGN/PIBMUXMSBSIGNBIT OUT01MUX1001DIGITALOUTPUT(ENABLE)(LOWPOWER)10-BITDACDIVIDEBY2SINROMMODE+ OPBITENPHASEACCUMULATOR(28-BIT)02705-026 Figure 29. Function of Control Bits DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 B28 HLB FSEL PSEL PIN/SW RESET SLEEP1 SLEEP12 OPBITEN SIGN/PIB DIV2 0 MODE 0 Table 6. Description of Bits in the Control Register Bit Name Description DB13 B28 Two write operations are required to load a complete word into either of the frequency registers. B28 = 1 allows a complete word to be loaded into a frequency register in two consecutive writes. The first write contains the 14 LSBs of the frequency word and the next write contains the 14 MSBs. The first two bits of each 16-bit word define the frequency register the word is loaded to and should, therefore, be the same for both of the consecutive writes. Refer to Table 10 for the appropriate addresses. The write to the frequency register occurs after both words have been loaded. An example of a complete 28-bit write is shown in Table 11. Note however, that consecutive 28-bit writes to the same frequency register are not allowed, switch between frequency registers to do this type of function. B28 = 0, the 28-bit frequency register operates as two 14-bit registers, one containing the 14 MSBs and the other containing the 14 LSBs. This means that the 14 MSBs of the frequency word can be altered independent of the 14 LSBs, and vice versa. To alter the 14 MSBs or the 14 LSBs, a single write is made to the appropriate frequency address. The Control Bit DB12 (HLB) informs the AD9834 whether the bits to be altered are the 14 MSBs or 14 LSBs. DB12 HLB This control bit allows the user to continuously load the MSBs or LSBs of a frequency register ignoring the remaining 14 bits. This is useful if the complete 28-bit resolution is not required. HLB is used in conjunction with DB13 (B28). This control bit indicates whether the 14 bits being loaded are being transferred to the 14 MSBs or 14 LSBs of the addressed frequency register. DB13 (B28) must be set to 0 to be able to change the MSBs and LSBs of a frequency word separately. When DB13 (B28) = 1, this control bit is ignored. HLB = 1 allows a write to the 14 MSBs of the addressed frequency register. HLB = 0 allows a write to the 14 LSBs of the addressed frequency register. DB11 FSEL The FSEL bit defines whether the FREQ0 register or the FREQ1 register is used in the phase accumulator. See Table 8 to select a frequency register. DB10 PSEL The PSEL bit defines whether the PHASE0 register data or the PHASE1 register data is added to the output of the phase accumulator. See Table 9 to select a phase register. DB9 PIN/SW Functions that select frequency and phase registers, reset internal registers, and power down the DAC can be implemented using either software or hardware. PIN/SW selects the source of control for these functions. PIN/SW = 1 implies that the functions are being controlled using the appropriate control pins. PIN/SW = 0 implies that the functions are being controlled using the appropriate control bits. DB8 RESET RESET = 1 resets internal registers to 0, this corresponds to an analog output of midscale. RESET = 0 disables RESET. This function is explained in the RESET Function section. DB7 SLEEP1 SLEEP1 = 1, the internal MCLK is disabled. The DAC output remains at its present value as the NCO is no longer accumulating. SLEEP1 = 0, MCLK is enabled. This function is explained in the SLEEP Function section. DB6 SLEEP12 SLEEP12 = 1 powers down the on-chip DAC. This is useful when the AD9834 is used to output the MSB of the DAC data. SLEEP12 = 0 implies that the DAC is active. This function is explained in the SLEEP Function section. Rev. D | Page 19 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet Bit Name Description DB5 OPBITEN The function of this bit is to control whether there is an output at the SIGN BIT OUT pin. This bit should remain at 0 if the user is not using the SIGN BIT OUT pin. OPBITEN = 1 enables the SIGN BIT OUT pin. OPBITEN = 0, the SIGN BIT OUT output buffer is put into a high impedance state, therefore no output is available at the SIGN BIT OUT pin. DB4 SIGN/PIB The function of this bit is to control what is output at the SIGN BIT OUT pin. SIGN/PIB = 1, the on-board comparator is connected to SIGN BIT OUT. After filtering the sinusoidal output from the DAC, the waveform can be applied to the comparator to generate a square waveform. Refer to Table 17. SIGN/PIB = 0, the MSB (or MSB/2) of the DAC data is connected to the SIGN BIT OUT pin. Bit DIV2 controls whether it is the MSB or MSB/2 that is output. DB3 DIV2 DIV2 is used in association with SIGN/PIB and OPBITEN. Refer to Table 17. DIV2 = 1, the digital output is passed directly to the SIGN BIT OUT pin. DIV2 = 0, the digital output/2 is passed directly to the SIGN BIT OUT pin. DB2 Reserved This bit must always be set to 0. DB1 MODE The function of this bit is to control what is output at the IOUT pin/IOUTB pin. This bit should be set to 0 if the Control Bit OPBITEN = 1. MODE = 1, the SIN ROM is bypassed, resulting in a triangle output from the DAC. MODE = 0, the SIN ROM is used to convert the phase information into amplitude information, resulting in a sinusoidal signal at the output. See Table 18. DB0 Reserved This bit must always be set to 0. FREQUENCY AND PHASE REGISTERS The AD9834 contains two frequency registers and two phase registers. These are described in Table 7. Table 7. Frequency/Phase Registers Register Size Description FREQ0 28 bits Frequency Register 0. When either the FSEL bit or FSELECT pin = 0, this register defines the output frequency as a fraction of the MCLK frequency. FREQ1 28 bits Frequency Register 1. When either the FSEL bit or FSELECT pin = 1, this register defines the output frequency as a fraction of the MCLK frequency. PHASE0 12 bits Phase Offset Register 0. When either the PSEL bit or PSELECT pin = 0, the contents of this register are added to the output of the phase accumulator. PHASE1 12 bits Phase Offset Register 1. When either the PSEL bit or PSELECT pin = 1, the contents of this register are added to the output of the phase accumulator. The analog output from the AD9834 is fMCLK/228 × FREQREG where FREQREG is the value loaded into the selected frequency register. This signal is phase shifted by 2π/4096 × PHASEREG where PHASEREG is the value contained in the selected phase register. Consideration must be given to the relationship of the selected output frequency and the reference clock frequency to avoid unwanted output anomalies. Access to the frequency and phase registers is controlled by both the FSELECT and PSELECT pins, and the FSEL and PSEL control bits. If the Control Bit PIN/SW = 1, the pins control the function; whereas, if PIN/SW = 0, the bits control the function. This is outlined in Table 8 and Table 9. If the FSEL and PSEL bits are used, the pins should be held at CMOS logic high or low. Control of the frequency/phase registers is interchangeable from the pins to the bits. Table 8. Selecting a Frequency Register FSELECT FSEL PIN/SW Selected Register 0 X 1 FREQ0 REG 1 X 1 FREQ1 REG X 0 0 FREQ0 REG X 1 0 FREQ1 REG Table 9. Selecting a Phase Register PSELECT PSEL PIN/SW Selected Register 0 X 1 PHASE0 REG 1 X 1 PHASE1 REG X 0 0 PHASE0 REG X 1 0 PHASE1 REG The FSELECT pin and PSELECT pin are sampled on the internal falling edge of MCLK. It is recommended that the data on these pins does not change within a time window of the falling edge of MCLK (see Figure 4 for timing). If FSELECT or PSELECT changes value when a falling edge occurs, there is an uncertainty of one MCLK cycle because it pertains to when control is transferred to the other frequency/phase register. The flow charts in Figure 32 and Figure 33 show the routine for selecting and writing to the frequency and phase registers of the AD9834. Rev. D | Page 20 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 WRITING TO A FREQUENCY REGISTER When writing to a frequency register, Bit DB15 and Bit DB14 give the address of the frequency register. Table 10. Frequency Register Bits DB15 DB14 DB13 . . . DB0 0 1 14 FREQ0 REG BITS 1 0 14 FREQ1 REG BITS If the user wants to alter the entire contents of a frequency register, two consecutive writes to the same address must be performed because the frequency registers are 28 bits wide. The first write contains the 14 LSBs, and the second write contains the 14 MSBs. For this mode of operation, Control Bit B28 (DB13) should be set to 1. An example of a 28-bit write is shown in Table 11. Note however that continuous writes to the same frequency register are not recommended. This results in intermediate updates during the writes. If a frequency sweep, or something similar, is required, it is recommended that users alternate between the two frequency registers. Table 11. Writing FFFC000 to FREQ0 REG SDATA Input Result of Input Word 0010 0000 0000 0000 Control word write (DB15, DB14 = 00), B28 (DB13) = 1, HLB (DB12) = X 0100 0000 0000 0000 FREQ0 REG write (DB15, DB14 = 01), 14 LSBs = 0000 0111 1111 1111 1111 FREQ0 REG write (DB15, DB14 = 01), 14 MSBs = 3FFF In some applications, the user does not need to alter all 28 bits of the frequency register. With coarse tuning, only the 14 MSBs are altered; though with fine tuning only the 14 LSBs are altered. By setting Control Bit B28 (DB13) to 0, the 28-bit frequency register operates as two 14-bit registers, one containing the 14 MSBs and the other containing the 14 LSBs. This means that the 14 MSBs of the frequency word can be altered independent of the 14 LSBs, and vice versa. Bit HLB (DB12) in the control register identifies the 14 bits that are being altered. Examples of this are shown in Table 12 and Table 13. Table 12. Writing 3FFF to the 14 LSBs of FREQ1 REG SDATA Input Result of Input Word 0000 0000 0000 0000 Control word write (DB15, DB14 = 00), B28 (DB13) = 0, HLB (DB12) = 0, that is, LSBs 1011 1111 1111 1111 FREQ1 REG write (DB15, DB14 = 10), 14 LSBs = 3FFF Table 13. Writing 00FF to the 14 MSBs of FREQ0 REG SDATA Input Result of Input Word 0001 0000 0000 0000 Control word write (DB15, DB14 = 00), B28 (DB13) = 0, HLB (DB12) = 1, that is, MSBs 0100 0000 1111 1111 FREQ0 REG write (DB15, DB14 = 01), 14 MSBs = 00FF WRITING TO A PHASE REGISTER When writing to a phase register, Bit DB15 and Bit DB14 are set to 11. Bit DB13 identifies which phase register is being loaded. Table 14. Phase Register Bits DB15 DB14 DB13 DB12 DB11 DB0 1 1 0 X MSB 12 PHASE0 bits LSB 1 1 1 X MSB 12 PHASE1 bits LSB RESET FUNCTION The RESET function resets appropriate internal registers to 0 to provide an analog output of midscale. RESET does not reset the phase, frequency, or control registers. When the AD9834 is powered up, the part should be reset. To reset the AD9834, set the RESET pin/bit to 1. To take the part out of reset, set the pin/bit to 0. A signal appears at the DAC output seven MCLK cycles after RESET is set to 0. The RESET function is controlled by both the RESET pin and the RESET control bit. If the Control Bit PIN/SW = 0, the RESET bit controls the function, whereas if PIN/SW = 1, the RESET pin controls the function. Table 15. Applying RESET RESET Pin RESET Bit PIN/SW Bit Result 0 X 1 No reset applied 1 X 1 Internal registers reset X 0 0 No reset applied X 1 0 Internal registers reset The effect of asserting the RESET pin is evident immediately at the output, that is, the zero-to-one transition of this pin is not sampled. However, the negative transition of RESET is sampled on the internal falling edge of MCLK. SLEEP FUNCTION Sections of the AD9834 that are not in use can be powered down to minimize power consumption by using the SLEEP function. The parts of the chip that can be powered down are the internal clock and the DAC. The DAC can be powered down through hardware or software. The pin/bits required for the SLEEP function are outlined in Table 16. Rev. D | Page 21 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet Table 16. Applying the SLEEP Function SLEEP Pin SLEEP1 Bit SLEEP12 Bit PIN/SW Bit Result 0 X X 1 No power-down 1 X X 1 DAC powered down X 0 0 0 No power-down X 0 1 0 DAC powered down X 1 0 0 Internal clock disabled X 1 1 0 Both the DAC powered down and the internal clock disabled DAC Powered Down This is useful when the AD9834 is used to output the MSB of the DAC data only. In this case, the DAC is not required and can be powered down to reduce power consumption. Internal Clock Disabled When the internal clock of the AD9834 is disabled, the DAC output remains at its present value because the NCO is no longer accumulating. New frequency, phase, and control words can be written to the part when the SLEEP1 control bit is active. The synchronizing clock remains active, meaning that the selected frequency and phase registers can also be changed either at the pins or by using the control bits. Setting the SLEEP1 bit to 0 enables the MCLK. Any changes made to the registers when SLEEP1 is active are observed at the output after a certain latency. The effect of asserting the SLEEP pin is evident immediately at the output, that is, the zero-to-one transition of this pin is not sampled. However, the negative transition of SLEEP is sampled on the internal falling edge of MCLK. SIGN BIT OUT PIN The AD9834 offers a variety of outputs from the chip. The digital outputs are available from the SIGN BIT OUT pin. The available outputs are the comparator output or the MSB of the DAC data. The bits controlling the SIGN BIT OUT pin are outlined in Table 17. This pin must be enabled before use. The enabling/disabling of this pin is controlled by the Bit OPBITEN (DB5) in the control register. When OPBITEN = 1, this pin is enabled. Note that the MODE bit (DB1) in the control register should be set to 0 if OPBITEN = 1. Comparator Output The AD9834 has an on-board comparator. To connect this comparator to the SIGN BIT OUT pin, the SIGN/PIB (DB4) control bit must be set to 1. After filtering the sinusoidal output from the DAC, the waveform can be applied to the comparator to generate a square waveform. MSB from the NCO The MSB from the NCO can be output from the AD9834. By setting the SIGN/PIB (DB4) control bit to 0, the MSB of the DAC data is available at the SIGN BIT OUT pin. This is useful as a coarse clock source. This square wave can also be divided by two before being output. Bit DIV2 (DB3) in the control register controls the frequency of this output from the SIGN BIT OUT pin. Table 17. Various Outputs from SIGN BIT OUT OPBITEN Bit MODE Bit SIGN/PIB Bit DIV2 Bit SIGN BIT OUT Pin 0 X X X High impedance 1 0 0 0 DAC data MSB/2 1 0 0 1 DAC data MSB 1 0 1 0 Reserved 1 0 1 1 Comparator output 1 1 X X Reserved THE IOUT AND IOUTB PINS The analog outputs from the AD9834 are available from the IOUT and IOUTB pins. The available outputs are a sinusoidal output or a triangle output. Sinusoidal Output The SIN ROM converts the phase information from the frequency and phase registers into amplitude information, resulting in a sinusoidal signal at the output. To have a sinusoidal output from the IOUT and IOUTB pins, set Bit MODE (DB1) to 0. Triangle Output The SIN ROM can be bypassed so that the truncated digital output from the NCO is sent to the DAC. In this case, the output is no longer sinusoidal. The DAC produces 10-bit linear triangular function. To have a triangle output from the IOUT and IOUTB pins, set Bit MODE (DB1) to 1. Note that the SLEEP pin and SLEEP12 bit must be 0 (that is, the DAC is enabled) when using the IOUT and IOUTB pins. Table 18. Various Outputs from IOUT and IOUTB OPBITEN Bit MODE Bit IOUT and IOUTB Pins 0 0 Sinusoid 0 1 Triangle 1 0 Sinusoid 1 1 Reserved 3π/27π/211π/2VOUT MAXVOUT MIN02705-027 Figure 30. Triangle Output Rev. D | Page 22 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 Rev. D | Page 23 of 32 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Because of the various output options available from the part, the AD9834 can be configured to suit a wide variety of applications. One of the areas where the AD9834 is suitable is in modulation applications. The part can be used to perform simple modulation such as FSK. More complex modulation schemes such as GMSK and QPSK can also be implemented using the AD9834. In an FSK application, the two frequency registers of the AD9834 are loaded with different values. One frequency represents the space frequency, and the other represents the mark frequency. The digital data stream is fed to the FSELECT pin, causing the AD9834 to modulate the carrier frequency between the two values. The AD9834 has two phase registers, enabling the part to perform PSK. With phase shift keying, the carrier frequency is phase shifted, the phase being altered by an amount that is related to the bit stream that is input to the modulator. The AD9834 is also suitable for signal generator applications. With the on-board comparator, the device can be used to generate a square wave. With its low current consumption, the part is suitable for applications where it is used as a local oscillator. CHANGE PHASE? CHANGE FREQUENCY? NO NO NO NO YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES DAC OUTPUT VOUT = VREFOUT × 18 × RLOAD/RSET × (1 + (SIN(2π(FREQREG × fMCLK × t/228 + PHASEREG/212)))) INITIALIZATION SEE FIGURE 32 SELECT DATA SOURCES SEE FIGURE 34 WAIT 8/9 MCLK CYCLES SEE TIMING DIAGRAM FIGURE 3 CHANGE PSEL/ PSELECT? CHANGE PHASE REGISTER? CHANGE DAC OUTPUT FROM SIN TO RAMP? CHANGE OUTPUT AT SIGN BIT OUT PIN? CHANGE FSEL/ FSELECT? CHANGE FREQUENCY REGISTER? CONTROL REGISTER WRITE DATA WRITE SEE FIGURE 33 02705-028 Figure 31. Flow Chart for Initialization and Operation AD9834 Data Sheet INITIALIZATIONAPPLY RESETUSING PINSET RESET PIN = 1USING PINUSING CONTROLBIT(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)RESET = 1PIN/SW = 0(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)PIN/SW = 1USING CONTROLBITSET RESET = 0SELECT FREQUENCY REGISTERSSELECT PHASE REGISTERS(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)RESET BIT = 0FSEL = SELECTED FREQUENCY REGISTERPSEL = SELECTED PHASE REGISTERPIN/SW = 0(APPLY SIGNALS AT PINS)RESET PIN = 0FSELECT = SELECTED FREQUENCY REGISTERPSELECT = SELECTED PHASE REGISTERWRITE TO FREQUENCY AND PHASE REGISTERSFREQ0 REG = fOUT0/fMCLK × 228FREQ1 REG = fOUT1/fMCLK × 228PHASE0 AND PHASE1 REG = (PHASESHIFT × 212)/2π(SEE FIGURE 33)02705-029 Figure 32. Initialization NOYESDATA WRITENOYESYESNOYESNONOYESYESWRITE A FULL 28-BIT WORDTO A FREQUENCY REGISTER?(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)B28 (D13) = 1WRITE TWO CONSECUTIVE16-BIT WORDS(SEE TABLE 11 FOR EXAMPLE)WRITE ANOTHER FULL28-BIT TO AFREQUENCY REGISTER?WRITE 14 MSBs OR LSBsTO A FREQUENCY REGISTER?(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)B28 (D13) = 0HLB (D12) = 0/1WRITE A 16-BIT WORD(SEE TABLES 12 AND 13FOR EXAMPLES)WRITE 14 MSBs OR LSBsTO AFREQUENCY REGISTER?WRITE TO PHASEREGISTER?D15, D14 = 11D13 = 0/1 (CHOOSE THEPHASE REGISTER)D12 = XD11 ... D0 = PHASE DATA(16-BIT WRITE)WRITE TO ANOTHERPHASE REGISTER?02705-030 Figure 33. Data Write Rev. D | Page 24 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 SELECT DATA SOURCESYESNOFSELECT AND PSELECTPINS BEING USED?(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)PIN/SW = 0SET FSEL BITSET PSEL BITSET FSELECTAND PSELECT(CONTROL REGISTER WRITE)PIN/SW = 102705-031 Figure 34. Selecting Data Sources Rev. D | Page 25 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet GROUNDING AND LAYOUT The printed circuit board (PCB) that houses the AD9834 should be designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. This facilitates the use of ground planes that can easily be separated. A minimum etch technique is generally best for ground planes because it gives the best shielding. Digital and analog ground planes should only be joined in one place. If the AD9834 is the only device requiring an AGND-to-DGND connection, the ground planes should be connected at the AGND and DGND pins of the AD9834. If the AD9834 is in a system where multiple devices require AGND-to-DGND connections, the connection should be made at one point only, establishing a star ground point as close as possible to the AD9834. Avoid running digital lines under the device because these couple noise onto the die. The analog ground plane should be allowed to run under the AD9834 to avoid noise coupling. The power supply lines to the AD9834 should use as large a track as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast switching signals, such as clocks, should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating noise to other sections of the board. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other to reduce the effects of feed-through through the board. A microstrip technique is by far the best, but it is not always possible with a double-sided board. In this technique, the component side of the board is dedicated to ground planes and signals are placed on the other side. Good decoupling is important. The analog and digital supplies to the AD9834 are independent and separately pinned out to minimize coupling between analog and digital sections of the device. All analog and digital supplies should be decoupled to AGND and DGND, respectively, with 0.1 μF ceramic capacitors in parallel with 10 μF tantalum capacitors. To achieve the best performance from the decoupling capacitors, they should be placed as close as possible to the device, ideally right up against the device. In systems where a common supply is used to drive both the AVDD and DVDD of the AD9834, it is recommended that the system’s AVDD supply be used. This supply should have the recommended analog supply decoupling between the AVDD pins of the AD9834 and AGND, and the recommended digital supply decoupling capacitors between the DVDD pins and DGND. Proper operation of the comparator requires good layout strategy. The strategy must minimize the parasitic capacitance between VIN and the SIGN BIT OUT pin by adding isolation using a ground plane. For example, in a multilayered board, the VIN signal could be connected to the top layer, and the SIGN BIT OUT could be connected to the bottom layer so that isolation is provided by the power and ground planes between them. Rev. D | Page 26 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 Rev. D | Page 27 of 32 INTERFACING TO MICROPROCESSORS The AD9834 has a standard serial interface that allows the part to interface directly with several microprocessors. The device uses an external serial clock to write the data/control information into the device. The serial clock can have a frequency of 40 MHz maximum. The serial clock can be continuous, or it can idle high or low between write operations. When data/control information is being written to the AD9834, FSYNC is taken low and is held low until the 16 bits of data are written into the AD9834. The FSYNC signal frames the 16 bits of information being loaded into the AD9834. AD9834 TO ADSP-21xx INTERFACE Figure 35 shows the serial interface between the AD9834 and the ADSP-21xx. The ADSP-21xx should be set up to operate in the SPORT transmit alternate framing mode (TFSW = 1). The ADSP-21xx is programmed through the SPORT control register and should be configured as follows: Internal clock operation (ISCLK = 1) Active low framing (INVTFS = 1) 16-bit word length (SLEN = 15) Internal frame sync signal (ITFS = 1) Generate a frame sync for each write (TFSR = 1) Transmission is initiated by writing a word to the Tx register after the SPORT has been enabled. The data is clocked out on each rising edge of the serial clock and clocked into the AD9834 on the SCLK falling edge. 1ADDITIONALPINS OMITTEDFORCLARITY. AD98341 FSYNC SDATA SCLK TFS DT SCLK ADSP-21xx1 02705-032 Figure 35. ADSP-21xx to AD9834 Interface AD9834 TO 68HC11/68L11 INTERFACE Figure 36 shows the serial interface between the AD9834 and the 68HC11/68L11 microcontroller. The microcontroller is configured as the master by setting Bit MSTR in the SPCR to 1, providing a serial clock on SCK while the MOSI output drives the serial data line SDATA. Because the microcontroller does not have a dedicated frame sync pin, the FSYNC signal is derived from a port line (PC7). The setup conditions for correct operation of the interface are as follows: SCK idles high between write operations (CPOL = 0) Data is valid on the SCK falling edge (CPHA = 1) When data is being transmitted to the AD9834, the FSYNC line is taken low (PC7). Serial data from the 68HC11/68L11 is transmitted in 8-bit bytes with only eight falling clock edges occurring in the transmit cycle. Data is transmitted MSB first. To load data into the AD9834, PC7 is held low after the first eight bits are transferred and a second serial write operation is performed to the AD9834. Only after the second eight bits have been transferred should FSYNC be taken high again. 1ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. AD98341 FSYNC SDATA SCLK 68HC11/68L111 PC7 MOSI SCK 02705-033 Figure 36. 68HC11/68L11 to AD9834 Interface AD9834 Data Sheet AD9834 TO 80C51/80L51 INTERFACE Figure 37 shows the serial interface between the AD9834 and the 80C51/80L51 microcontroller. The microcontroller is operated in Mode 0 so that TXD of the 80C51/80L51 drives SCLK of the AD9834, and RXD drives the serial data line (SDATA). The FSYNC signal is derived from a bit programmable pin on the port (P3.3 is shown in the diagram). When data is to be transmitted to the AD9834, P3.3 is taken low. The 80C51/80L51 transmits data in 8-bit bytes, thus only eight falling SCLK edges occur in each cycle. To load the remaining eight bits to the AD9834, P3.3 is held low after the first eight bits have been transmitted, and a second write operation is initiated to transmit the second byte of data. P3.3 is taken high following the completion of the second write operation. SCLK should idle high between the two write operations. The 80C51/80L51 outputs the serial data in an LSB-first format. The AD9834 accepts the MSB first (the four MSBs being the control information, the next four bits being the address, and the eight LSBs containing the data when writing to a destination register). Therefore, the transmit routine of the 80C51/80L51 must take this into account and rearrange the bits so that the MSB is output first. 1ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.AD98341FSYNCSDATASCLK80C51/80L511P3.3RXDTXD02705-034 Figure 37. 80C51/80L51 to AD9834 Interface AD9834 TO DSP56002 INTERFACE Figure 38 shows the interface between the AD9834 and the DSP56002. The DSP56002 is configured for normal mode asynchronous operation with a gated internal clock (SYN = 0, GCK = 1, SCKD = 1). The frame sync pin is generated internally (SC2 = 1), the transfers are 16 bits wide (WL1 = 1, WL0 = 0), and the frame sync signal frames the 16 bits (FSL = 0). The frame sync signal is available on Pin SC2, but needs to be inverted before being applied to the AD9834. The interface to the DSP56000/ DSP56001 is similar to that of the DSP56002. 1ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.AD98341FSYNCSDATASCLKDSP560021SC2STDSCK02705-035 Figure 38. DSP56002 to AD9834 Interface Rev. D | Page 28 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AC20111106.40 BSC4.504.404.30PIN 16.606.506.40SEATINGPLANE0.150.050.300.190.65BSC1.20 MAX0.200.090.750.600.458°0°COPLANARITY0.10 Figure 39. 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] (RU-20) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1 Maximum MCLK (MHz) Temperature Range Package Description Package Option AD9834BRU 50 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834BRU-REEL 50 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834BRU-REEL7 50 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834BRUZ 50 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834BRUZ-REEL 50 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834BRUZ-REEL7 50 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834CRUZ 75 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 AD9834CRUZ-REEL7 75 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] RU-20 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. D | Page 29 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet NOTES Rev. D | Page 30 of 32 Data Sheet AD9834 NOTES Rev. D | Page 31 of 32 AD9834 Data Sheet NOTES ©2003–2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D02705-0-3/14(A) Rev. D | Page 32 of 32 STM32F405xx STM32F407xx ARM Cortex-M4 32b MCU+FPU, 210DMIPS, up to 1MB Flash/192+4KB RAM, USB OTG HS/FS, Ethernet, 17 TIMs, 3 ADCs, 15 comm. interfaces & camera Datasheet - production data Features • Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait state execution from Flash memory, frequency up to 168 MHz, memory protection unit, 210 DMIPS/ 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1), and DSP instructions • Memories – Up to 1 Mbyte of Flash memory – Up to 192+4 Kbytes of SRAM including 64- Kbyte of CCM (core coupled memory) data RAM – Flexible static memory controller supporting Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes • Clock, reset and supply management – 1.8 V to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os – POR, PDR, PVD and BOR – 4-to-26 MHz crystal oscillator – Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy) – 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration – Internal 32 kHz RC with calibration • Low power – Sleep, Stop and Standby modes – VBAT supply for RTC, 20×32 bit backup registers + optional 4 KB backup SRAM • 3×12-bit, 2.4 MSPS A/D converters: up to 24 channels and 7.2 MSPS in triple interleaved mode • 2×12-bit D/A converters • General-purpose DMA: 16-stream DMA controller with FIFOs and burst support • Up to 17 timers: up to twelve 16-bit and two 32- bit timers up to 168 MHz, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input • Debug mode – Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces – Cortex-M4 Embedded Trace Macrocell™ • Up to 140 I/O ports with interrupt capability – Up to 136 fast I/Os up to 84 MHz – Up to 138 5 V-tolerant I/Os • Up to 15 communication interfaces – Up to 3 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus) – Up to 4 USARTs/2 UARTs (10.5 Mbit/s, ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA, modem control) – Up to 3 SPIs (42 Mbits/s), 2 with muxed full-duplex I2S to achieve audio class accuracy via internal audio PLL or external clock – 2 × CAN interfaces (2.0B Active) – SDIO interface • Advanced connectivity – USB 2.0 full-speed device/host/OTG controller with on-chip PHY – USB 2.0 high-speed/full-speed device/host/OTG controller with dedicated DMA, on-chip full-speed PHY and ULPI – 10/100 Ethernet MAC with dedicated DMA: supports IEEE 1588v2 hardware, MII/RMII • 8- to 14-bit parallel camera interface up to 54 Mbytes/s • True random number generator • CRC calculation unit • 96-bit unique ID • RTC: subsecond accuracy, hardware calendar LQFP64 (10 × 10 mm) LQFP100 (14 × 14 mm) LQFP144 (20 × 20 mm) FBGA UFBGA176 (10 × 10 mm) LQFP176 (24 × 24 mm) WLCSP90 Table 1. Device summary Reference Part number STM32F405xx STM32F405RG, STM32F405VG, STM32F405ZG, STM32F405OG, STM32F405OE STM32F407xx STM32F407VG, STM32F407IG, STM32F407ZG, STM32F407VE, STM32F407ZE, STM32F407IE www.st.com Contents STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 2/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.1 Full compatibility throughout the family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 Device overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2.1 ARM® Cortex™-M4F core with embedded Flash and SRAM . . . . . . . . 19 2.2.2 Adaptive real-time memory accelerator (ART Accelerator™) . . . . . . . . 19 2.2.3 Memory protection unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.2.4 Embedded Flash memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.2.5 CRC (cyclic redundancy check) calculation unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.6 Embedded SRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.7 Multi-AHB bus matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.8 DMA controller (DMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2.9 Flexible static memory controller (FSMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2.10 Nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2.11 External interrupt/event controller (EXTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2.12 Clocks and startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2.13 Boot modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.14 Power supply schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.15 Power supply supervisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.16 Voltage regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.17 Regulator ON/OFF and internal reset ON/OFF availability . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.2.18 Real-time clock (RTC), backup SRAM and backup registers . . . . . . . . 28 2.2.19 Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.2.20 VBAT operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.2.21 Timers and watchdogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.2.22 Inter-integrated circuit interface (I²C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2.23 Universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver transmitters (USART) . 33 2.2.24 Serial peripheral interface (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.2.25 Inter-integrated sound (I2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.2.26 Audio PLL (PLLI2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.2.27 Secure digital input/output interface (SDIO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2.28 Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 support . 35 2.2.29 Controller area network (bxCAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 DocID022152 Rev 4 3/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx Contents 2.2.30 Universal serial bus on-the-go full-speed (OTG_FS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.2.31 Universal serial bus on-the-go high-speed (OTG_HS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.2.32 Digital camera interface (DCMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.33 Random number generator (RNG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.34 General-purpose input/outputs (GPIOs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.35 Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.36 Temperature sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.37 Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.2.38 Serial wire JTAG debug port (SWJ-DP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.2.39 Embedded Trace Macrocell™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3 Pinouts and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4 Memory mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1 Parameter conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1.1 Minimum and maximum values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1.2 Typical values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1.3 Typical curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1.4 Loading capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1.5 Pin input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.1.6 Power supply scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.1.7 Current consumption measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.2 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.3 Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.3.1 General operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.3.2 VCAP_1/VCAP_2 external capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.3.3 Operating conditions at power-up / power-down (regulator ON) . . . . . . 80 5.3.4 Operating conditions at power-up / power-down (regulator OFF) . . . . . 80 5.3.5 Embedded reset and power control block characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.3.6 Supply current characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 5.3.7 Wakeup time from low-power mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.3.8 External clock source characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.3.9 Internal clock source characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5.3.10 PLL characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.3.11 PLL spread spectrum clock generation (SSCG) characteristics . . . . . 102 Contents STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 4/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 5.3.12 Memory characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5.3.13 EMC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 5.3.14 Absolute maximum ratings (electrical sensitivity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 5.3.15 I/O current injection characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 5.3.16 I/O port characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 5.3.17 NRST pin characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 5.3.18 TIM timer characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 5.3.19 Communications interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 5.3.20 12-bit ADC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 5.3.21 Temperature sensor characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 5.3.22 VBAT monitoring characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 5.3.23 Embedded reference voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 5.3.24 DAC electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 5.3.25 FSMC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 5.3.26 Camera interface (DCMI) timing specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 5.3.27 SD/SDIO MMC card host interface (SDIO) characteristics . . . . . . . . . 156 5.3.28 RTC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 6 Package characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 6.1 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 6.2 Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 7 Part numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Appendix A Application block diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 A.1 USB OTG full speed (FS) interface solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 A.2 USB OTG high speed (HS) interface solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 A.3 Ethernet interface solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 8 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 DocID022152 Rev 4 5/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx List of tables List of tables Table 1. Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Table 2. STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx: features and peripheral counts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Table 3. Regulator ON/OFF and internal reset ON/OFF availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 4. Timer feature comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Table 5. USART feature comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Table 6. Legend/abbreviations used in the pinout table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Table 7. STM32F40x pin and ball definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Table 8. FSMC pin definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Table 9. Alternate function mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Table 10. STM32F40x register boundary addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Table 11. Voltage characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Table 12. Current characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Table 13. Thermal characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Table 14. General operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Table 15. Limitations depending on the operating power supply range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Table 16. VCAP_1/VCAP_2 operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Table 17. Operating conditions at power-up / power-down (regulator ON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Table 18. Operating conditions at power-up / power-down (regulator OFF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Table 19. Embedded reset and power control block characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Table 20. Typical and maximum current consumption in Run mode, code with data processing running from Flash memory (ART accelerator enabled) or RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Table 21. Typical and maximum current consumption in Run mode, code with data processing running from Flash memory (ART accelerator disabled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Table 22. Typical and maximum current consumption in Sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Table 23. Typical and maximum current consumptions in Stop mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 24. Typical and maximum current consumptions in Standby mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 25. Typical and maximum current consumptions in VBAT mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Table 26. Switching output I/O current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Table 27. Peripheral current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Table 28. Low-power mode wakeup timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Table 29. High-speed external user clock characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Table 30. Low-speed external user clock characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Table 31. HSE 4-26 MHz oscillator characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Table 32. LSE oscillator characteristics (fLSE = 32.768 kHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Table 33. HSI oscillator characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Table 34. LSI oscillator characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Table 35. Main PLL characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Table 36. PLLI2S (audio PLL) characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Table 37. SSCG parameters constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Table 38. Flash memory characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Table 39. Flash memory programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Table 40. Flash memory programming with VPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Table 41. Flash memory endurance and data retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Table 42. EMS characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Table 43. EMI characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table 44. ESD absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table 45. Electrical sensitivities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Table 46. I/O current injection susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 List of tables STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 6/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 Table 47. I/O static characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Table 48. Output voltage characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Table 49. I/O AC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Table 50. NRST pin characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Table 51. Characteristics of TIMx connected to the APB1 domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Table 52. Characteristics of TIMx connected to the APB2 domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Table 53. I2C characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Table 54. SCL frequency (fPCLK1= 42 MHz.,VDD = 3.3 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Table 55. SPI dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Table 56. I2S dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Table 57. USB OTG FS startup time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Table 58. USB OTG FS DC electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Table 59. USB OTG FS electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Table 60. USB HS DC electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Table 61. USB HS clock timing parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Table 62. ULPI timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Table 63. Ethernet DC electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Table 64. Dynamic characteristics: Ehternet MAC signals for SMI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Table 65. Dynamic characteristics: Ethernet MAC signals for RMII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Table 66. Dynamic characteristics: Ethernet MAC signals for MII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Table 67. ADC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Table 68. ADC accuracy at fADC = 30 MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Table 69. Temperature sensor characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Table 70. Temperature sensor calibration values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Table 71. VBAT monitoring characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Table 72. Embedded internal reference voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Table 73. Internal reference voltage calibration values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Table 74. DAC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Table 75. Asynchronous non-multiplexed SRAM/PSRAM/NOR read timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Table 76. Asynchronous non-multiplexed SRAM/PSRAM/NOR write timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Table 77. Asynchronous multiplexed PSRAM/NOR read timings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Table 78. Asynchronous multiplexed PSRAM/NOR write timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Table 79. Synchronous multiplexed NOR/PSRAM read timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Table 80. Synchronous multiplexed PSRAM write timings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Table 81. Synchronous non-multiplexed NOR/PSRAM read timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Table 82. Synchronous non-multiplexed PSRAM write timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Table 83. Switching characteristics for PC Card/CF read and write cycles in attribute/common space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Table 84. Switching characteristics for PC Card/CF read and write cycles in I/O space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Table 85. Switching characteristics for NAND Flash read cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Table 86. Switching characteristics for NAND Flash write cycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Table 87. DCMI characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Table 88. Dynamic characteristics: SD / MMC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Table 89. RTC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Table 90. WLCSP90 - 0.400 mm pitch wafer level chip size package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . 159 Table 91. LQFP64 – 10 x 10 mm 64 pin low-profile quad flat package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . 160 Table 92. LQPF100 – 14 x 14 mm 100-pin low-profile quad flat package mechanical data. . . . . . . 162 Table 93. LQFP144, 20 x 20 mm, 144-pin low-profile quad flat package mechanical data . . . . . . . 164 Table 94. UFBGA176+25 - ultra thin fine pitch ball grid array 10 × 10 × 0.6 mm mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Table 95. LQFP176, 24 x 24 mm, 176-pin low-profile quad flat package mechanical data . . . . . . . 167 DocID022152 Rev 4 7/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx List of tables Table 96. Package thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Table 97. Ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Table 98. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 List of figures STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 8/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 List of figures Figure 1. Compatible board design between STM32F10xx/STM32F4xx for LQFP64. . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 2. Compatible board design STM32F10xx/STM32F2xx/STM32F4xx for LQFP100 package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 3. Compatible board design between STM32F10xx/STM32F2xx/STM32F4xx for LQFP144 package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 4. Compatible board design between STM32F2xx and STM32F4xx for LQFP176 and BGA176 packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 5. STM32F40x block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 6. Multi-AHB matrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 7. Power supply supervisor interconnection with internal reset OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 8. PDR_ON and NRST control with internal reset OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 9. Regulator OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Figure 10. Startup in regulator OFF mode: slow VDD slope - power-down reset risen after VCAP_1/VCAP_2 stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 11. Startup in regulator OFF mode: fast VDD slope - power-down reset risen before VCAP_1/VCAP_2 stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 12. STM32F40x LQFP64 pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Figure 13. STM32F40x LQFP100 pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 14. STM32F40x LQFP144 pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Figure 15. STM32F40x LQFP176 pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Figure 16. STM32F40x UFBGA176 ballout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Figure 17. STM32F40x WLCSP90 ballout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 18. STM32F40x memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Figure 19. Pin loading conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Figure 20. Pin input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Figure 21. Power supply scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Figure 22. Current consumption measurement scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Figure 23. External capacitor CEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Figure 24. Typical current consumption versus temperature, Run mode, code with data processing running from Flash (ART accelerator ON) or RAM, and peripherals OFF . . . . 85 Figure 25. Typical current consumption versus temperature, Run mode, code with data processing running from Flash (ART accelerator ON) or RAM, and peripherals ON . . . . . 85 Figure 26. Typical current consumption versus temperature, Run mode, code with data processing running from Flash (ART accelerator OFF) or RAM, and peripherals OFF . . . 86 Figure 27. Typical current consumption versus temperature, Run mode, code with data processing running from Flash (ART accelerator OFF) or RAM, and peripherals ON . . . . 86 Figure 28. Typical VBAT current consumption (LSE and RTC ON/backup RAM OFF) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Figure 29. Typical VBAT current consumption (LSE and RTC ON/backup RAM ON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Figure 30. High-speed external clock source AC timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Figure 31. Low-speed external clock source AC timing diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Figure 32. Typical application with an 8 MHz crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Figure 33. Typical application with a 32.768 kHz crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Figure 34. ACCLSI versus temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Figure 35. PLL output clock waveforms in center spread mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Figure 36. PLL output clock waveforms in down spread mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Figure 37. I/O AC characteristics definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Figure 38. Recommended NRST pin protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Figure 39. I2C bus AC waveforms and measurement circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 DocID022152 Rev 4 9/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx List of figures Figure 40. SPI timing diagram - slave mode and CPHA = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Figure 41. SPI timing diagram - slave mode and CPHA = 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Figure 42. SPI timing diagram - master mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Figure 43. I2S slave timing diagram (Philips protocol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Figure 44. I2S master timing diagram (Philips protocol)(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Figure 45. USB OTG FS timings: definition of data signal rise and fall time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Figure 46. ULPI timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Figure 47. Ethernet SMI timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Figure 48. Ethernet RMII timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Figure 49. Ethernet MII timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Figure 50. ADC accuracy characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Figure 51. Typical connection diagram using the ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Figure 52. Power supply and reference decoupling (VREF+ not connected to VDDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Figure 53. Power supply and reference decoupling (VREF+ connected to VDDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Figure 54. 12-bit buffered /non-buffered DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Figure 55. Asynchronous non-multiplexed SRAM/PSRAM/NOR read waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Figure 56. Asynchronous non-multiplexed SRAM/PSRAM/NOR write waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Figure 57. Asynchronous multiplexed PSRAM/NOR read waveforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Figure 58. Asynchronous multiplexed PSRAM/NOR write waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Figure 59. Synchronous multiplexed NOR/PSRAM read timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Figure 60. Synchronous multiplexed PSRAM write timings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Figure 61. Synchronous non-multiplexed NOR/PSRAM read timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Figure 62. Synchronous non-multiplexed PSRAM write timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Figure 63. PC Card/CompactFlash controller waveforms for common memory read access . . . . . . 148 Figure 64. PC Card/CompactFlash controller waveforms for common memory write access . . . . . . 148 Figure 65. PC Card/CompactFlash controller waveforms for attribute memory read access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Figure 66. PC Card/CompactFlash controller waveforms for attribute memory write access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Figure 67. PC Card/CompactFlash controller waveforms for I/O space read access . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Figure 68. PC Card/CompactFlash controller waveforms for I/O space write access . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Figure 69. NAND controller waveforms for read access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Figure 70. NAND controller waveforms for write access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Figure 71. NAND controller waveforms for common memory read access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Figure 72. NAND controller waveforms for common memory write access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Figure 73. DCMI timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Figure 74. SDIO high-speed mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Figure 75. SD default mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Figure 76. WLCSP90 - 0.400 mm pitch wafer level chip size package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Figure 77. LQFP64 – 10 x 10 mm 64 pin low-profile quad flat package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Figure 78. LQFP64 recommended footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Figure 79. LQFP100, 14 x 14 mm 100-pin low-profile quad flat package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Figure 80. LQFP100 recommended footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Figure 81. LQFP144, 20 x 20 mm, 144-pin low-profile quad flat package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Figure 82. LQFP144 recommended footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Figure 83. UFBGA176+25 - ultra thin fine pitch ball grid array 10 × 10 × 0.6 mm, package outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Figure 84. LQFP176 24 x 24 mm, 176-pin low-profile quad flat package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Figure 85. LQFP176 recommended footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Figure 86. USB controller configured as peripheral-only and used in Full speed mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Figure 87. USB controller configured as host-only and used in full speed mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 List of figures STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 10/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 Figure 88. USB controller configured in dual mode and used in full speed mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Figure 89. USB controller configured as peripheral, host, or dual-mode and used in high speed mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Figure 90. MII mode using a 25 MHz crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Figure 91. RMII with a 50 MHz oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Figure 92. RMII with a 25 MHz crystal and PHY with PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 DocID022152 Rev 4 11/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx Introduction 1 Introduction This datasheet provides the description of the STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx lines of microcontrollers. For more details on the whole STMicroelectronics STM32™ family, please refer to Section 2.1: Full compatibility throughout the family. The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx datasheet should be read in conjunction with the STM32F4xx reference manual. The reference and Flash programming manuals are both available from the STMicroelectronics website www.st.com. For information on the Cortex™-M4 core, please refer to the Cortex™-M4 programming manual (PM0214) available from www.st.com. Description STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 12/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 2 Description The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx family is based on the high-performance ARM® Cortex™-M4 32-bit RISC core operating at a frequency of up to 168 MHz. The Cortex-M4 core features a Floating point unit (FPU) single precision which supports all ARM singleprecision data-processing instructions and data types. It also implements a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (MPU) which enhances application security. The Cortex-M4 core with FPU will be referred to as Cortex-M4F throughout this document. The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx family incorporates high-speed embedded memories (Flash memory up to 1 Mbyte, up to 192 Kbytes of SRAM), up to 4 Kbytes of backup SRAM, and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to two APB buses, three AHB buses and a 32-bit multi-AHB bus matrix. All devices offer three 12-bit ADCs, two DACs, a low-power RTC, twelve general-purpose 16-bit timers including two PWM timers for motor control, two general-purpose 32-bit timers. a true random number generator (RNG). They also feature standard and advanced communication interfaces. • Up to three I2Cs • Three SPIs, two I2Ss full duplex. To achieve audio class accuracy, the I2S peripherals can be clocked via a dedicated internal audio PLL or via an external clock to allow synchronization. • Four USARTs plus two UARTs • An USB OTG full-speed and a USB OTG high-speed with full-speed capability (with the ULPI), • Two CANs • An SDIO/MMC interface • Ethernet and the camera interface available on STM32F407xx devices only. New advanced peripherals include an SDIO, an enhanced flexible static memory control (FSMC) interface (for devices offered in packages of 100 pins and more), a camera interface for CMOS sensors. Refer to Table 2: STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx: features and peripheral counts for the list of peripherals available on each part number. The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx family operates in the –40 to +105 °C temperature range from a 1.8 to 3.6 V power supply. The supply voltage can drop to 1.7 V when the device operates in the 0 to 70 °C temperature range using an external power supply supervisor: refer to Section : Internal reset OFF. A comprehensive set of power-saving mode allows the design of low-power applications. The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx family offers devices in various packages ranging from 64 pins to 176 pins. The set of included peripherals changes with the device chosen. These features make the STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx microcontroller family suitable for a wide range of applications: • Motor drive and application control • Medical equipment • Industrial applications: PLC, inverters, circuit breakers • Printers, and scanners • Alarm systems, video intercom, and HVAC • Home audio appliances STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx Description DocID022152 Rev 4 13/185 Figure 5 shows the general block diagram of the device family. Table 2. STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx: features and peripheral counts Peripherals STM32F405RG STM32F405OG STM32F405VG STM32F405ZG STM32F405OE STM32F407Vx STM32F407Zx STM32F407Ix Flash memory in Kbytes 1024 512 512 1024 512 1024 512 1024 SRAM in Kbytes System 192(112+16+64) Backup 4 FSMC memory controller No Yes(1) Ethernet No Yes Timers Generalpurpose 10 Advanced -control 2 Basic 2 IWDG Yes WWDG Yes RTC Yes Random number generator Yes Description STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 14/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 Communi cation interfaces SPI / I2S 3/2 (full duplex)(2) I2C 3 USART/ UART 4/2 USB OTG FS Yes USB OTG HS Yes CAN 2 SDIO Yes Camera interface No Yes GPIOs 51 72 82 114 72 82 114 140 12-bit ADC Number of channels 3 16 13 16 24 13 16 24 24 12-bit DAC Number of channels Yes 2 Maximum CPU frequency 168 MHz Operating voltage 1.8 to 3.6 V(3) Operating temperatures Ambient temperatures: –40 to +85 °C /–40 to +105 °C Junction temperature: –40 to + 125 °C Package LQFP64 WLCSP90 LQFP100 LQFP144 WLCSP90 LQFP100 LQFP144 UFBGA176 LQFP176 1. For the LQFP100 and WLCSP90 packages, only FSMC Bank1 or Bank2 are available. Bank1 can only support a multiplexed NOR/PSRAM memory using the NE1 Chip Select. Bank2 can only support a 16- or 8-bit NAND Flash memory using the NCE2 Chip Select. The interrupt line cannot be used since Port G is not available in this package. 2. The SPI2 and SPI3 interfaces give the flexibility to work in an exclusive way in either the SPI mode or the I2S audio mode. 3. VDD/VDDA minimum value of 1.7 V is obtained when the device operates in reduced temperature range, and with the use of an external power supply supervisor (refer to Section : Internal reset OFF). Table 2. STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx: features and peripheral counts Peripherals STM32F405RG STM32F405OG STM32F405VG STM32F405ZG STM32F405OE STM32F407Vx STM32F407Zx STM32F407Ix DocID022152 Rev 4 15/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx Description 2.1 Full compatibility throughout the family The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx are part of the STM32F4 family. They are fully pinto- pin, software and feature compatible with the STM32F2xx devices, allowing the user to try different memory densities, peripherals, and performances (FPU, higher frequency) for a greater degree of freedom during the development cycle. The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx devices maintain a close compatibility with the whole STM32F10xxx family. All functional pins are pin-to-pin compatible. The STM32F405xx and STM32F407xx, however, are not drop-in replacements for the STM32F10xxx devices: the two families do not have the same power scheme, and so their power pins are different. Nonetheless, transition from the STM32F10xxx to the STM32F40x family remains simple as only a few pins are impacted. Figure 4, Figure 3, Figure 2, and Figure 1 give compatible board designs between the STM32F40x, STM32F2xxx, and STM32F10xxx families. Figure 1. Compatible board design between STM32F10xx/STM32F4xx for LQFP64 31 1 16 17 32 48 33 64 49 47 VSS VSS VSS VSS 0 Ω resistor or soldering bridge present for the STM32F10xx configuration, not present in the STM32F4xx configuration ai18489 Description STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 16/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 Figure 2. Compatible board design STM32F10xx/STM32F2xx/STM32F4xx for LQFP100 package Figure 3. Compatible board design between STM32F10xx/STM32F2xx/STM32F4xx for LQFP144 package 20 49 1 25 26 50 75 51 100 76 73 19 VSS VSS VDD VSS VSS VSS 0 ΩΩ resistor or soldering bridge present for the STM32F10xxx configuration, not present in the STM32F4xx configuration ai18488c 99 (VSS) VDD VSS Two 0 Ω resistors connected to: - VSS for the STM32F10xx - VSS for the STM32F4xx VSS for STM32F10xx VDD for STM32F4xx - VSS, VDD or NC for the STM32F2xx ai18487d 31 71 1 36 37 72 108 73 144 109 VSS 0 Ω resistor or soldering bridge present for the STM32F10xx configuration, not present in the STM32F4xx configuration 106 VSS 30 Two 0 Ω resistors connected to: - VSS for the STM32F10xx - VDD or signal from external power supply supervisor for the STM32F4xx VDD VSS VSS VSS 143 (PDR_ON) VDD VSS VSS for STM32F10xx VDD for STM32F4xx - VSS, VDD or NC for the STM32F2xx Signal from external power supply supervisor DocID022152 Rev 4 17/185 STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx Description Figure 4. Compatible board design between STM32F2xx and STM32F4xx for LQFP176 and BGA176 packages MS19919V3 1 44 45 88 132 89 176 133 Two 0 Ω resistors connected to: - VSS, VDD or NC for the STM32F2xx - VDD or signal from external power supply supervisor for the STM32F4xx 171 (PDR_ON) VDDVSS Signal from external power supply supervisor Description STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx 18/185 DocID022152 Rev 4 2.2 Device overview Figure 5. STM32F40x block diagram 1. The timers connected to APB2 are clocked from TIMxCLK up to 168 MHz, while the timers connected to APB1 are clocked from TIMxCLK either up to 84 MHz or 168 MHz, depending on TIMPRE bit configuration in the RCC_DCKCFGR register. 2. The camera interface and ethernet are available only on STM32F407xx devices. MS19920V3 GPIO PORT A AHB/APB2 140 AF PA[15:0] TIM1 / PWM 4 compl. channels (TIM1_CH1[1:4]N, 4 channels (TIM1_CH1[1:4]ETR, BKIN as AF RX, TX, CK, CTS, RTS as AF MOSI, MISO, SCK, NSS as AF APB 1 30M Hz 8 analog inputs common to the 3 ADCs VDDREF_ADC MOSI/SD, MISO/SD_ext, SCK/CK NSS/WS, MCK as AF TX, RX DAC1_OUT as AF ITF WWDG 4 KB BKPSRAM RTC_AF1 OSC32_IN OSC32_OUT VDDA, VSSA NRST 16b SDIO / MMC D[7:0] CMD, CK as AF VBAT = 1.65 to 3.6 V DMA2 SCL, SDA, SMBA as AF JTAG & SW ARM Cortex-M4 168 MHz ETM NVIC MPU TRACECLK TRACED[3:0] Ethernet MAC 10/100 DMA/ FIFO MII or RMII as AF MDIO as AF USB OTG HS DP, DM ULPI:CK, D[7:0], DIR, STP, NXT ID, VBUS, SOF DMA2 8 Streams FIFO ART ACCEL/ CACHE SRAM 112 KB CLK, NE [3:0], A[23:0], D[31:0], OEN, WEN, NBL[3:0], NL, NREG, NWAIT/IORDY, CD INTN, NIIS16 as AF RNG Camera interface HSYNC, VSYNC PUIXCLK, D[13:0] PHY USB OTG FS DP DM ID, VBUS, SOF FIFO AHB1 168 MHz PHY FIFO @VDDA @VDDA POR/PDR BOR Supply supervision @VDDA PVD Int POR reset XTAL 32 kHz MAN AGT RTC RC HS FCLK RC LS PWR interface IWDG @VBAT AWU Reset & clock control P L L1&2 PCLKx VDD = 1.8 to 3.6 V VSS VCAP1, VCPA2 Voltage regulator 3.3 to 1.2 V VDD Power managmt Backup register RTC_AF1 AHB bus-matrix 8S7M LS 2 channels as AF DAC1 DAC2 Flash up to 1 MB SRAM, PSRAM, NOR Flash, PC Card (ATA), NAND Flash External memory controller (FSMC) TIM6 TIM7 TIM2 TIM3 TIM4 TIM5 TIM12 TIM13 TIM14 USART2 USART3 UART4 UART5 SP3/I2S3 I2C1/SMBUS I2C2/SMBUS I2C3/SMBUS bxCAN1 bxCAN2 SPI1 EXT IT. WKUP D-BUS FIFO FPU APB142 MHz (max) SRAM 16 KB CCM data RAM 64 KB AHB3 AHB2 168 MHz NJTRST, JTDI, JTCK/SWCLK JTDO/SWD, JTDO I-BUS S-BUS DMA/ FIFO DMA1
